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We show that tensoring the Laplace and Dolbeault-Dirac operators of a K\"ahler structure (with closed integral) by a negative Hermitian holomorphic module, produces operators with spectral gaps around zero. The proof is based on the recently established Akizuki-Nakano identity of a noncommutative K\"ahler structure. This general framework is then applied to the Heckenberger-Kolb calculi of the irreducible quantum flag manifolds, and it is shown that twisting their Dirac and Laplace operators by negative line bundles produces a spectral gap, for q sufficiently close to 1. The main technical challenge in applying the framework is to establish positivity of the quantum Fubini-Study metric of the quantum flag manifold. Importantly, combining positivity with the noncommutative hard Lefschetz theorem, it is additionally observed that the even degree de Rham cohomology groups of the Heckenberger-Kolb calculi do not vanish., Comment: The associated preprint arXiv:1910.14007 has now been divided in two. This article forms the second of the two new papers. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1910.14007

We compute the second (and the first) cohomology groups of $^*$-algebras associated to the universal quantum unitary groups of not neccesarily Kac type, extending our earlier results for the free unitary group $U_d^+$. The extended setup forces us to use infinite-dimensional representations to construct the cocycles., Comment: 23 pages; v2 corrects a few minor points. The paper will appear in the Annales de l'Institut Fourier

We determine the Kac quotient and the RFD (residually finite dimensional) quotient for the Hopf *-algebras associated to universal orthogonal quantum groups.

We prove that if an activation function satisfies some mild conditions and number of neurons in a two-layered fully connected neural network with this activation function is beyond a certain threshold, then gradient descent on quadratic loss function finds the optimal weights of input layer for global minima in linear time. This threshold value is an improvement over previously obtained values. We hypothesise that this bound cannot be improved by the method we are using in this work., Comment: Machine learning using neural networks, gradient descent, optimization, overparametrization regime

Noncommutative K\"ahler structures were recently introduced as an algebraic framework for studying noncommutative complex geometry on quantum homogeneous spaces. In this paper, we introduce the notion of a \emph{compact quantum homogeneous K\"ahler space} which gives a natural set of compatibility conditions between covariant K\"ahler structures and Woronowicz's theory of compact quantum groups. Each such object admits a Hilbert space completion possessing a remarkably rich yet tractable structure. The analytic behaviour of the associated Dolbeault-Dirac operators is moulded by the complex geometry of the underlying calculus. In particular, twisting the Dolbeault-Dirac operator by a negative Hermitian holomorphic module is shown to give a Fredholm operator if and only if the top anti-holomorphic cohomology group is finite-dimensional. In this case, the operator's index coincides with the twisted holomorphic Euler characteristic of the underlying noncommutative complex structure. The irreducible quantum flag manifolds, endowed with their Heckenberger-Kolb calculi, are presented as motivating examples., Comment: This is an rewritten version of the paper, which has been divided into two separate papers. The second half will appear as a separate ArXiv entry

The notion of a K\"ahler structure for a differential calculus was recently introduced by the second author as a framework in which to study the noncommutative geometry of the quantum flag manifolds. It was subsequently shown that any covariant positive definite K\"ahler structure has a canonically associated triple satisfying, up to the compact resolvent condition, Connes' axioms for a spectral triple. In this paper we begin the development of a robust framework in which to investigate the compact resolvent condition, and moreover, the general spectral behaviour of covariant K\"ahler structures. This framework is then applied to quantum projective space endowed with its Heckenberger-Kolb differential calculus. An even spectral triple with non-trivial associated K-homology class is produced, directly q-deforming the Dirac-Dolbeault operator of complex projective space. Finally, the extension of this approach to a certain canonical larger class of compact quantum Hermitian symmetric spaces is discussed in detail., Comment: 65 pages. This version contains some minor rewriting. To appear in Documenta Mathematica

Invariance properties of linear functionals and linear maps on algebras of functions on quantum homogeneous spaces are studied, in particular for the special case of expected coideal *-subalgebras. Several one-to-one correspondences between such invariant functionals are established. Adding a positivity condition, this yields one-to-one correspondences of invariant quantum Markov semigroups acting on expected coideal *-subalgebras and certain convolution semigroups of states on the underlying compact quantum group. This gives an approach to classifying invariant quantum Markov semigroups on these quantum homogeneous spaces. The generators of these semigroups are viewed as Laplace operators on these spaces. The classical sphere $S^{N-1}$, the free sphere $S^{N-1}_+$, and the half-liberated sphere $S^{N-1}_*$ are considered as examples and the generators of Markov semigroups on these spheres a classified. We compute spectral dimensions for the three families of spheres based on the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues of their Laplace operator., Comment: Added computation of spectral dimension in Section 7.4

We give a partial solution to a long-standing open problem in the theory of quantum groups, namely we prove that all finite-dimensional representations of a wide class of locally compact quantum groups factor through matrix quantum groups (Admissibility Conjecture for quantum group representations). We use this to study Kazhdan's Property (T) for quantum groups with non-trivial scaling group, strengthening and generalising some of the earlier results obtained by Fima, Kyed and So{\l}tan, Chen and Ng, Daws, Skalski and Viselter, and Brannan and Kerr. Our main results are: (i) All finite-dimensional unitary representations of locally compact quantum groups which are either unimodular or arise through a special bicrossed product construction are admissible. (ii) A generalisation of a theorem of Wang which characterises Property (T) in terms of isolation of finite-dimensional irreducible representations in the spectrum. (iii) A very short proof of the fact that quantum groups with Property (T) are unimodular. (iv) A generalisation of a quantum version of a theorem of Bekka--Valette proven earlier for quantum groups with trivial scaling group, which characterises Property (T) in terms of non-existence of almost invariant vectors for weakly mixing representations. (v) A generalisation of a quantum version of Kerr-Pichot theorem, proven earlier for quantum groups with trivial scaling group, which characterises Property (T) in terms of denseness properties of weakly mixing representations., Comment: Update to final version

We study the first and second cohomology groups of the $^*$-algebras of the universal unitary and orthogonal quantum groups $U_F^+$ and $O_F^+$. This provides valuable information for constructing and classifying L\'evy processes on these quantum groups, as pointed out by Sch\"urmann. In the case when all eigenvalues of $F^*F$ are distinct, we show that these $^*$-algebras have the properties (GC), (NC), and (LK) introduced by Sch\"urmann and studied recently by Franz, Gerhold and Thom. In the degenerate case $F=I_d$, we show that they do not have any of these properties. We also compute the second cohomology group of $U_d^+$ with trivial coefficients -- $H^2(U_d^+,{}_\epsilon\Bbb{C}_\epsilon)\cong \Bbb{C}^{d^2-1}$ -- and construct an explicit basis for the corresponding second cohomology group for $O_d^+$ (whose dimension was known earlier thanks to the work of Collins, H\"artel and Thom)., Comment: 30 pages, v4 has a slightly modified title and contains several presentational changes (main mathematical contents remain unchanged). The paper will appear in Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics

We give a necessary and sufficient condition on a compact semitopological quantum semigroup which turns it into a compact quantum group. In particular, we obtain a generalisation of Ellis's joint continuity theorem. We also investigate the question of the existence of the Haar state on a compact semitopological quantum semigroup and prove a "noncommutative" version of the converse Haar's theorem., Comment: 15 pages manuscript, to appear in Illinois Journal of Mathematics

We prove that under a symmetry assumption all cocycles on Hopf *-algebras arise from generating functionals. This extends earlier results of R.Vergnioux and D.Kyed and has two quantum group applications: all quantum L\'evy processes with symmetric generating functionals decompose into a maximal Gaussian and purely non-Gaussian part and the Haagerup property for discrete quantum groups is characterized by the existence of an arbitrary proper cocycle., Comment: 16 pages; v2 corrects a few minor points. The article has been accepted for publication in Mathematische Zeitschrift

We propose a definition of a "$C^*$-Eberlein" algebra, which is a weak form of a $C^*$-bialgebra with a sort of "unitary generator". Our definition is motivated to ensure that commutative examples arise exactly from semigroups of contractions on a Hilbert space, as extensively studied recently by Spronk and Stokke. The terminology arises as the Eberlein algebra, the uniform closure of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra $B(G)$, has character space $G^{\mathcal E}$, which is the semigroup compactification given by considering all semigroups of contractions on a Hilbert space which contain a dense homomorphic image of $G$. We carry out a similar construction for locally compact quantum groups, leading to a maximal $C^*$-Eberlein compactification. We show that $C^*$-Eberlein algebras always admit invariant means, and we apply this to prove various "splitting" results, showing how the $C^*$-Eberlein compactification splits as the quantum Bohr compactification and elements which are annihilated by the mean. This holds for matrix coefficients, but for Kac algebras, we show it also holds at the algebra level, generalising (in a semigroup-free way) results of Godement., Comment: 34 pages; minor corrections; to appear in Indiana University Mathematics Journal

Suppose that a compact quantum group Q acts faithfully and isomet- rically (in the sense of [10]) on a smooth compact, oriented, connected Riemannian manifold M . If the manifold is stably parallelizable then it is shown that the compact quantum group is necessarily commutative as a C \ast algebra i.e. Q = C(G) for some compact group G. Using this, it is also proved that the quantum isometry group of Rieffel deformation of such manifold M must be a Rieffel-Wang deformation of C(ISO(M)), Comment: Withdrawn because its content is now subsumed (with improvement) in arXiv:1309.1294 and arXiv:1410.8650

We discuss generalizations of the notion of i) the group of unitary elements of a (real or complex) finite dimensional C*-algebra, ii) gauge transformations and iii) (real) automorphisms, in the framework of compact quantum group theory and spectral triples. The quantum analogue of these groups are defined as universal (initial) objects in some natural categories. After proving the existence of the universal objects, we discuss several examples that are of interest to physics, as they appear in the noncommutative geometry approach to particle physics: in particular, the C*-algebras M_n(R), M_n(C) and M_n(H), describing the finite noncommutative space of the Einstein-Yang-Mills systems, and the algebras A_F=C+H+M_3(C) and A^{ev}=H+H+M_4(C), that appear in Chamseddine-Connes derivation of the Standard Model of particle physics minimally coupled to gravity. As a byproduct, we identify a "free" version of the symplectic group Sp(n) (quaternionic unitary group)., Comment: 31 pages, no figures; v2: minor changes, added references

We begin with a review and analytical construction of quantum Gaussian process (and quantum Brownian motions) in the sense of [25],[10] and others, and then formulate and study in details (with a number of interesting examples) a definition of quantum Brownian motions on those noncommutative manifolds (a la Connes) which are quantum homogeneous spaces of their quantum isometry groups in the sense of [11]. We prove that bi-invariant quantum Brownian motion can be 'deformed' in a suitable sense. Moreover, we propose a noncommutative analogue of the well-known asymptotics of the exit time of classical Brownian motion. We explicitly analyze such asymptotics for a specific example on noncommutative two-torus A{\theta}, which seems to behave like a one-dimensional manifold, perhaps reminiscent of the fact that A{\theta} is a noncommutative model of the (locally one-dimensional) 'leaf-space' of the Kronecker foliation.

We prove the existence of Hudson Parthasarathy dilation of a quantum dynamical semigroup on $B(\clh),$ which is symmetric with respect to the canonical normal trace on it.

We give a new method for proving the homomorphic property of a quantum stochastic ow satisfying a quantum stochastic differential equation with unbounded coefficients, under some further hypotheses. As an application, we prove a Trotter product formula for quantum stochastic ows and obtain quantum stochastic dilations of a class of quantum dynamical semigroups generalizing results of [5]