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The mission of jihad in islam, which is very noble today, is smeared with a misunderstanding of its concept. This paper explains the meaning of jihad in Islam to correct the understanding of some people who are mistaken in understanding the meaning of jihad according to the perspective of the Qur'ân. This paper uses the thematic interpretation method. Based on the results of the discussion, jihad is the effort of a Muslim who devotes all his abilities in resisting evil and eliminating evil, starting from jihad against evil and ugliness in himself by defeating the persuasion and seduction of demons in himself, then fighting evil in the society in which he lives, to eliminating evil anywhere according to his ability

Peatland forests became the centre of discussions in Indonesia because 33% of 2.4 million hectares burned in 2014. This research aims to describe the stakeholders' position and their logic in choosing a strategy for peatland forest areas. The result shows that nine stakeholders were actively involved in peatland forest restoration in West Tanjung Jabung Regency. Based on categorization, the analysis points out that all stakeholders had occupied key players' position. Further analysis using a ladder of participation criteria found two models of participation, i.e. citizen power and tokenism. However, the value of citizen power is higher than tokenism that is 56% and 44%, respectively. It means that stakeholders should develop partnership and other models in citizen power criteria to reach their targets. It also means that trust is an essential variable in the relationship among stakeholders and should be developed in peatland forest restoration. The consequence of this research is that stakeholders can improve two strategies, i.e. collaborative forest management and community-based forest management.

Ex-situ conservation is highly beneficial in protecting biodiversity, especially to save certain species from extinction. Cempaka ( Michelia champaca Linn.) is a tree species that is getting rare as its natural population at some areas were difficult to be discovered . Cempaka tree produces not only wood, but also flowers that can be used for perfumery raw materials and essential oils. Therefore, cempaka species need s to be conserved, either through in-situ or ex-situ method. In order to support ex-situ conservation, a plot of cempaka was established in 2011 at Pasir Hantap Research Forest, Sukabumi District-West Java. The genetic materials were collected from four populations , consisted of 42 mother trees divided by Lahat population (9 mother trees), Empat Lawang population (6 mother trees), Malang population (13 mother trees) , and Pasuruan population (14 mother trees). Sub plots were designed based on the seedlings origin (population) and distance among sub plots were ≥ 50 m to avoid cross pollination among populations. The plot s w ere maintained regularly, including weeding, fertilizing, and pest control. Growth observation of cempaka plants was conducted every six months up to 36 months old and then every one year afterwards . The observation consists of survival rate, height and diameter of cempaka stems. Average survival of cempaka plants at 48 moths old was 82.4%, the highest survival was found at Lahat population (94.8%). The highest height and diameter were found at Lahat population as well, i.e. 7.35 m and 13. 1 cm, respectively. T he lowest survival rate was found at Malang p opulation (64.0%), meanwhile the lowest height and diameter growth were found at Pasuruan provenance, i.e. 2.99 m and 3.9 cm, respectively. It can be concluded that the highest growth, meaning its best performance of cempaka plants was shown by Lahat provenance. It implies that characteristics of mother trees and the seed quality gave a significant effect to the cempaka plant growth . ABSTRAK Konservasi ex-situ berfungsi untuk melindungi biodiversitas, terutama jenis-jenis yang terancam punah. Cempaka ( Michelia champaca Linn.) termasuk dalam jenis yang semakin jarang ditemukan di populasi alaminya. Selain dimanfaatkan kayunya, bunga cempaka dipanen sebagai material parfum dan minyak. Sebagai salah satu upaya konservasi ex-situ , plot cempaka dibangun pada tahun 2011 di Hutan Penelitian Pasir Hantap, Sukabumi-Jawa Barat. Material genetik (biji) dikoleksi dari empat populasi cempaka yaitu dari 42 pohon induk yang terdiri atas : Lahat (9 pohon induk), Empat Lawang (6 pohon induk), Malang (13 pohon induk), dan Pasuruan (14 pohon induk). Plot penanaman dirancang berdasarkan asal populasi, selanjutnya jarak plot antar populasi minimal 50 m untuk menghindari terjadinya persilangan antar populasi. Pemeliharaan plot dilakukan secara berkala meliputi penyiangan, pemupukan dan pengendalian hama penyakit. Pengukuran performa pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap 6 bulan hingga umur 36 bulan setelah tanam; dan satu tahun sekali setelahnya. Performa pertumbuhan yang diamati meliputi daya hidup, tinggi dan diameter batang diatas tanah. Daya hidup cempaka pada umur 48 bulan rata-rata sebesar 82,4% dan daya hidup tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh cempaka dari populasi Lahat (94,8%). Tinggi dan diameter tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh cempaka dari populasi Lahat yaitu 7,35 m dan 13,1 cm. Daya hidup terendah ditemukan pada cempaka populasi Malang (64,0%). Tinggi dan diameter pohon terendah teramati pada cempaka populasi Pasuruan yaitu 2,99 m dan 3,9 cm. Populasi terbaik berdasarkan pengamatan performa pertumbuhannya ditunjukkan oleh populasi Lahat. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik pohon induk dan kualitas benih cempaka berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cempaka.

Part areas of Protected Peatland Forest (PPF) Bram Itam River have been converted into agricultural and plantation areas. Consequently, it causes damage to its protected area function. To restore the ecosystem, a study is needed by considering ecological, social, and economic aspects through the establishment of demonstration plot in the Bram Itam River PPF. The aim of the study was to analyze the economic feasibility of three planting patterns on demonstration plots. Economic feasibility parameters evaluated include financial feasibility, continuity in generating income and the ability to meet the needs of farmer’s households lives. The analysis showed that from the aspect of financial feasibility, all cropping patterns deserve to be developed. From the aspect of continuity in generating income, the applied cropping pattern can provide continuous income. However, from the aspect of the ability to meet the household needs of the farmer, the proportion of 25% native species of peatland (275 trees/ha) and 75% areca nut (825 plants/ha) is needed. To increase household income, it is necessary to have an off farm intervention and diversification of peatland management; so that the needs of farmer households are fulfilled and can reduce pressure on peat land in the Bram Itam River PPF area. ABSTRAK Sebagian kawasan Hutan Lindung Gambut (HLG) Sungai Bram Itam telah beralih fungsi menjadi areal pertanian dan perkebunan sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan fungsi lindung kawasannya. Untuk memulihkan ekosistemnya diperlukan kajian dengan mempertimbangkan aspek ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi melalui pembangunan demplot pola-pola penanaman di kawasan HLG Sungai Bram Itam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis kelayakan ekonomi dari tiga pola penanaman yang dikembangkan pada demplot uji coba. Parameter kelayakan ekonomi yang dievaluasi meliputi kelayakan finansial, kontinyuitas dalam menghasilkan pendapatan, dan kemampuan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidup rumah tangga petani. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa dari aspek kelayakan finansial, ketiga pola tanam layak untuk dikembangkan. Dari aspek kontinyuitas dalam menghasilkan pendapatan, semua pola tanam yang dikembangkan dapat memberikan pendapatan secara kontinyu. Namun dari aspek kemampuan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan rumah tangga petani hanya pola tanam dengan komposisi 25% tanaman asli gambut (275 pohon/ha) dengan 75% tanaman pinang (825 pohon/ha) yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup rumah tangga petani. Untuk meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga petani, maka diperlukan adanya intervensi off farm dan diversifikasi pengelolaan lahan gambut agar kebutuhan rumah tangga petani tercukupi dan sekaligus dapat mengurangi tekanan terhadap lahan gambut di kawasan HLG Sungai Bram Itam.

Sari ABSTRACT Degraded land in the Carita Research Forest, West Java is commonly found in slopes. As a result, erosion, runoff and nutrient loss often occur in this area. To address these problems, the application of soil and water conservation techniques with a vertical mulch technique is required. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vertical mulch treatment on the amount of runoff, erosion, nutrient loss and also its impact on the growth of S. johorensis, G. gnemon, and P. speciosa. The results showed that soil and water conservation techniques with vertical mulch are very effective in reducing runoff, erosion and nutrient losses (N, P, K, Ca and Mg). The vertical mulch of mixed planting pattern between S. johorensis and G. gnemon could decrease the surface run off and erosion by 61.74% and 57.14%, respectively, while the mixture of S. johorensis and P. speciosa decreased the runoff and erosion rate equal to 81.39% and 17.64%, respectively. In addition, the use of vertical mulch could also increase the growth of the tree species until the age of 3 years in the field compared to those without treatment. ABSTRAK Lahan terdegradasi banyak dijumpai di Hutan Penelit ian Carita, Jawa Barat, khususnya di lahan-lahan berlereng. Akibatnya seringkali terjadi erosi, aliran permukaan dan hilangnya unsur hara. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu dilakukan penerapan teknik konservasi tanah dan air dengan teknik mulsa vert ikal. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan mulsa vert ikal terhadap besarnya aliran permukaan, erosi dan kehilangan unsur hara serta dampaknya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman S. johorensis, G. gnemon, dan P. speciosa. Hasil penelit ian menunjukkan bahwa teknik konservasi tanah dan air dengan mulsa vertikal sangat efektif dalam mengurangi laju aliran permukaan, erosi dan kehilangan unsur hara (N, P, K, Ca dan Mg). Mulsa vertikal pada pola tanam campuran jenis S. johorensis dan G. gnemon, dapat menurunkan aliran permukaan dan erosi masing-masing 61,74% dan 57,14%; sedangkan campuran S. johorensis dan P. speciosa, menurunkan laju aliran permukaan dan erosi sebesar masing-masing 81,39% dan 17,64%. Selain itu, penggunaan mulsa vertikal juga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ketiga jenis tanaman yang diusahakan sampai umur 3 tahun di lapangan dibanding tanpa penggunaan mulsa vertikal.

Failure in degraded forest rehabilitation was caused by using chosen species without pay attantion on site characterictics. Species selection by looking at site limiting factor, will increase success in degraded forest rehabilitation. This research aims to study the influence of physical and chemical soil properties on growth of Shorea leprosula Miq , Shorea palembanica Miq , dan Shorea mecisopteryx. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with mean annual increment (MAI) of height and diameter as dependent variable and soil properties as independent variable . The results showed that growth increment of S.palembanica was the most species that influnced by soil perperties with R 2 a djusted value for MAI- diam e ter and MAI- h e i gh t repectively, 0.946 and 0.674 whereas others two Shorea have R 2 a djusted value < 0.5. The research also showed that available P content was the limiting factor of the three species . T here wa s a difference of each species in respond to the available P content. MAI- height on S . mecisopteryx and MAI- diam e ter and MAI- h e i gh t on S . pelambanica will increase in line with decreasing available P content w hile S . leprosula require d P available increasing in order to increas e of MAI-diameter . This indicates that each species have specific response on certain soil properties content .

An area of 5,000 hectares in the Bram Itam River peatland protected forest had been converted into agricultural land and plantations dominated by oil palm, pinang and liberica coffee plantations. This land conversion has led to destruction of its function as a protected forest, thus recovery action must be performed. The study aimed to establish a pattern of vegetation rehabilitation on peatlands with damaged protected functions by prioritizing native peatland species and considering land suitability, environmental aspect, and socio-economic conditions. The aspects that were analyzed including the socio-economic conditions of the community, the status and function of the area, the consequences of rehabilitation activities, the characteristics of peatland, and the type of preference for rehabilitation. Data was collected through a survey method of forest farmer groups that manage the land area around Sungai Bram Itam protected area. The results indicated that community around the study area are in need of farm lands. Its status as protected forest with various land characteristics requires management zoning to facilitate the community's need for land. Social forestry program with a partnership scheme can be applied to areas adjacent to community land with peat depth less than 2 m. The planting method that should be applied is mixed cropping pattern of native species and plantation crops, which considers the protection function. Area with peat depth more than 2 m should be managed by KPHL Sungai Bram Itam to maintain and improve the protection function by planting native peatland species. Key words: Peatland conversion, palm oil, areca nut, liberica coffee, revegetation ABSTRAK Seluas 5.000 hektare areal hutan lindung gambut Sungai Bram Itam telah mengalami alih fungsi menjadi lahan pertanian dan perkebunan yang didominasi oleh perkebunan sawit, pinang, dan kopi liberika. Alih fungsi menyebabkan kerusakan fungsi lindung sehingga harus dilakukan pemulihan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menetapkan pola rehabilitasi vegetasi pada lahan gambut dengan fungsi lindung yang telah mengalami kerusakan. Pemulihan fungsi lindung dilakukan dengan rehabilitasi vegetasi menggunakan jenis asli gambut dan mempertimbangkan kesesuaian lahan, aspek lingkungan, sosial-ekonomi. Aspek-aspek yang dianalisis adalah kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, status dan fungsi kawasan, konsekuensi terhadap kegiatan rehabilitasi, karakteristik lahan gambut, dan preferensi jenis untuk rehabilitasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode survei terhadap kelompok tani hutan yang melakukan pengelolaan lahan di areal HLG Sungai Bram Itam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di sekitar HLG Sungai Bram Itam membutuhkan lahan garapan. Status HLG Sungai Bram Itam sebagai kawasan dengan fungsi lindung dan memiliki karakteristik lahan yang beragam memerlukan penataan zonasi pengelolaan untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap lahan. Pada kawasan dengan kedalaman gambut ˂ 2 m yang berbatasan dengan lahan masyarakat bisa dilakukan program perhutanan sosial dengan skema kemitraan. Pola tanam yang diterapkan berupa pola tanam campuran antara jenis tanaman hutan asli gambut dengan tanaman perkebunan (kopi liberika, pinang, dan MPTS) yang tetap memperhatikan fungsi lindung. Lahan gambut dengan kedalaman > 2 m dikelola oleh pihak KPHL Sungai Bram Itam untuk mempertahankan dan memperbaiki fungsi lindung melalui penanaman jenis tanaman asli gambut. Kata kunci: Alih fungsi lahan gambut, pinang, kopi liberika, revegetasi

Failure in degraded forest rehabilitation was caused by using chosen species without pay attantion on site characterictics. Species selection by looking at site limiting factor, will increase success in degraded forest rehabilitation. This research aims to study the influence of physical and chemical soil properties on growth of Shorea leprosula Miq, Shorea palembanica Miq, dan Shorea mecisopteryx. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with mean annual increment (MAI) of height and diameter as dependent variable and soil properties as independent variable. The results showed that growth increment of S.palembanica was the most species that influnced by soil perperties with R2 adjusted value for MAI-diameter and MAI-height repectively, 0.946 and 0.674 whereas others two Shorea have R2 adjusted value < 0.5. The research also showed that available P content was the limiting factor of the three species. There was a difference of each species in respond to the available P content. MAI-height on S. mecisopteryx and MAI-diameter and MAI-height on S. pelambanica will increase in line with decreasing available P content while S. leprosula required P available increasing in order to increase of MAI-diameter. This indicates that each species have specific response on certain soil properties content.

Masoyi (Cryptocarya massoy) is one of the high economic value, non wood forest products endemic to Papua. Development of masoyi plants currently are constrained by meeting the needs for quality seeds in a large quantity on time. Therefore, vegetative propagation become one of the solutions for this problem. The aim of this study was to get the best media, cutting materials, and doses of growth regulators for vegetative propagation of masoyi. Completely randomized factorial design was used. The first factor was the media of cuttings (soil+sand (2:1, v/v), coconut fiber+husk (2:1, v/v), and sand media). The second factor was cutting materials derived from 1 year old seedlings (the upper shoots and the down shoots). The third factor was the concentration of growth regulators (0; 500; and 1,000 ppm of NAA). The root percentage was influenced by media, the shoots, and growth regulator NAA. Root length was influenced by media as a single factor and the interaction between media and the shoots. The number of leaves was influenced by the media, while the number of roots was not influenced by each single factor and their interactions. Media was a critical factor for the success of masoyi cuttings. Thus, the combination of soil+sand (2:1, v/v) media with the upper shoots is a recommended treatment for masoyi shoot cuttings, where the combination is not influenced by the growth regulator NAA. Keywords: Cryptocarya massoy, growth regulator, media, shoot cutting ABSTRAK Masoyi (Cryptocarya massoy) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) endemik Papua bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Upaya pengembangan tanaman masoyi saat ini terkendala oleh sulitnya memenuhi kebutuhan bibit dalam jumlah banyak dan berkualitas. Untuk itu, perbanyakan secara vegetatif menjadi salah satu solusi permasalahan pemenuhan bibit. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan media tanam, bahan stek, dan dosis zat pengatur tumbuh NAA yang tepat untuk perbanyakan masoyi dengan cara stek. Penelitian menggunakan bibit berumur 1 tahun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah media tanam stek (tanah+pasir (2:1, v/v), serbuk sabut kelapa+ sekam (2:1, v/v), dan media pasir). Faktor kedua adalah bahan stek (bagian pucuk atas dan bagian pucuk bawah). Faktor ketiga adalah konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh (0 ppm, NAA 500 ppm, dan NAA 1.000 ppm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen berakar dipengaruhi oleh faktor tunggal media tanam, bagian stek dan zat pengatur tumbuh NAA. Panjang akar dipengaruhi oleh faktor tunggal media tanam dan interaksi antara media dengan bagian stek. Jumlah daun dipengaruhi faktor media tanam, sedangkan jumlah akar tidak dipengaruhi masing-masing faktor tunggal dan interaksinya. Faktor media merupakan faktor penentu keberhasilan stek masoyi. Dengan demikian, kombinasi media tanah+pasir (2:1, v/v) dengan bagian pucuk atas merupakan perlakuan yang direkomendasikan untuk stek masoyi, dan kombinasi perlakuan tersebut tidak dipengaruhi oleh zat pengatur tumbuh NAA. Kata Kunci : Cryptocarya massoy, media, stek pucuk, zat pengatur tumbuh

Swietenia macrophylla King. is an exotic species from Latin America. It had been planted in Indonesia since 1870 by the Dutch. This species is important construction timber in Indonesia. This study aimed to measure variation and genetic parameter estimation of S. macrophylla seedling as material of progeny trial development. The experimental design used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of two factors, namely the land race (A) (Banjar-West Java, Samigaluh-Kulonprogro, Bondowoso-East Java and Lombok– West Nusa Tenggara) and mother trees (B) (35 mother trees). Five seedlings were recorded and repeated 5 times for each mother tree. In this study factor B nested in factor A. The result showed that land race significantly affected to height, stem diameter, and index of robustness; while the mother trees significantly affected to height, stem diameter, number of leaf, and index of robustness. Individual heritability of height, stem diameter, number of leaf, and index of robustness character were 0.35, 0.40, 0.17, and 0.48 respectively, while family heritability of height, stem diameter, number of leaf, and index of robustness character were 0.74, 0.75, 0.54, and 0.77 respectively. Genetic correlation between height and stem diameter (0.70), height and index of robustness (0.40), number of leaf and index of robustness (0.52) were positive value. While genetic correlation between height and number of leaf (-0.03), stem diameter and number of leaf (-0.46) and stem diameter and index of robustness (-0.67) were negative value. Keywords : Genetic correlation, heritability, land race, Swietenia macrophylla, variation genetic ABSTRAK Mahoni daun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla King.) merupakan jenis eksotik dari Amerika Latin yang telah ditanam di Indonesia sejak tahun 1870 oleh Belanda. Jenis ini merupakan kayu pertukangan yang penting di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui keragaman dan nilai parameter genetik bibit S. macrophylla sebagai materi untuk membangun uji keturunan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Berblok Pola Tersarang yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu ras lahan (Banjar-Jabar, Samigaluh– Kulonprogo, Bondowoso-Jatim, dan Lombok-NTB); dan pohon induk (35 pohon induk). Masing-masing pohon induk diamati 5 bibit dan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Pada penelitian ini faktor pohon induk bersarang dalam faktor ras lahan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ras lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter batang, dan indeks kekokohan, sedang pohon induk berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter batang, jumlah daun, dan indeks kekokohan. Nilai heritabilitas individu sifat tinggi, diameter batang, jumlah daun, dan indeks kekokohan berturut-turut sebesar 0,35, 0,40, 0,17, dan 0,48, serta nilai heritabilitas famili untuk sifat tinggi, diameter batang, jumlah daun dan indeks kekokohan berturut-turut sebesar 0,74, 0,75, 0,54, dan 0,77. Korelasi genetik antara tinggi dengan diameter batang (0,70), tinggi dengan indeks kekokohan (0,40), dan jumlah daun dengan indeks kekokohan (0,52) bernilai positif. Sementara itu korelasi genetik antara tinggi dengan jumlah daun (-0,03), diameter batang dengan jumlah daun (-0,46), dan diameter batang dengan indeks kekokohan (-0,67) bernilai negatif. Kata kunci : Heritabilitas, keragaman genetik, korelasi genetik, ras lahan, Swietenia macrophylla

Seed characteristics are important to be known for determining the proper seed handling techniques. The aim of this research is to reveal the characteristics of kayu bawang seed. The tests were conducted based on drying times (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hours) and seed room storage (ambient room, air conditioned room, refrigerator). The results showed that kayu bawang seeds are belong to the recalcitrant seeds with initial moisture content of 57.21%, germination percentage of 83%, fat content of 17.04%, carbohydrate content of 9.07% and protein content of 12.69%. Drying rate and the room storage factors affected significanlyt on germination, moisture content, carbohydrate and fat content of kayu bawang seed, while the protein content was the only factor that had significant effect to period time of storage. Longer drying times decreased water content, germinationrate and carbohydrates content. In contrary, longer drying times increased fat and protein contents. Kayu bawang seeds can be stored at ambient room or air conditioned room and should be germinated shortly and it has to be planted. Keywords: Azadirachta excelsa, characteristics, drying, seed, storage ABSTRAK Karakteristik benih penting diketahui karena untuk menentukan teknik penanganan benih secara tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeetahui karakteristik benih kayu bawang. Pengujian dilakukan berdasarkan tingkat pengeringan (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 jam) dan ruang penyimpanan benih (ruang suhu kamar, AC, kulkas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih kayu bawang termasuk benih reklasitran dengan kadar air awal 57,21%, daya berkecambah 83%, kadar lemak 17,04%, kadar karbohidrat 9,07% dan kadar protein 12,69%. Faktor tingkat pengeringan dan tempat penyimpanan benih berpengaruh signifikan terhadap daya berkecambah, kadar air, kadar karbohidrat dan kadar lemak benih kayu bawang sedangkan terhadap kadar protein hanya faktor waktu simpan yang berpengaruh nyata. Semakin lama benih dikeringkan mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kadar air, daya berkecambah dan kadar karbohidrat, namun meningkatkan kadar lemak dan protein. Benih kayu bawang bisa disimpan di ruang kamar atau di ruang AC dalam waktu singkat dan harus segera disemaikan. Kata kunci : Azadirachta excelsa, karakteristik benih, pengeringan, penyimpanan

The connectivity of the Peat Hydrological Unit (PHU) management through the development of multi-business based-on agroforestry landscapes has not been widely studied. Synergism in the development of PHU connectivity can be done through the determination of superior commodities in each physiography. The superior product per physiography in the PHU is an integrated cluster both vertical and horizontal value chain. This is known as a Porterian cluster. This study aims to build the concept of PHU connectivity through the development of multi-businesses based on agroforestry landscapes. The research was conducted in Tumbang Nusa Village. The study showed that natural and physical capitals in all categories of villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village are categorized as high and very high, respectively, while the availability of human capital in all categories is low. The availability of financial capital for the villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village in Category I is high, moderate for categories II and III, and low for categories IV and V. The availability of social capital for citizens in all categories is high. An important source of livelihood for the households of the villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village is natural capital, financial capital and social capital which comes in various forms. The contribution of agroforestry to the total income of farmer households ranges from 22.81% - 79.80%. The adaptation strategy that is mostly carried out by households in all levels of welfare categories is the economic adaptation strategy.

The Lake Toba Catchment Area (LTCA) has degraded due to a lack of implementation of conservation principles. Agroforestry is one of the land-use techniques with a conservation approach. Agroforestry development in LTCA should be supported by stakeholders, especially farmers. Farmers’ support will be formed if they have a good perception and interest in developing the agroforestry systems. The study aims to determine farmers’ characteristics, perceptions, and interests in agroforestry development in LTCA. The study was conducted from July until August 2019 at Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire with 30 respondents. Measurement of farmers’ perception and interest use a Likert scale. The data were then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the farmers’ age is dominated by the productive phase (30-50 years old); they are only completed elementary schools, with average landholding was 10 years. Farmers’ perceptions and interests in agroforestry development in LTCA are in good categories, each with a score of 4.18. These perceptions and interests of farmers are supporting factors that would positively impact the development of sustainable agroforestry in LTCA.

Benih manglid (Man g li e t ia g l a u ca Bl.) memiliki kadar air tinggi, sehingga diperlukan cara penyimpanan yang tepat agar viabilitas benih tetap terjaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik penyimpanan benih manglid yang tepat tanpa menggunakan media Jembab. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Faktorial dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga faktor utama yaitu suhu ruang simpan, wadah sirnpan, dan periode simpan. Rasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih manglid bisa disimpan selama 3 rninggu. Penyimpanan selama 3 minggu hanya bisa dilakukan di ruang AC dengan wadah simpan dari plastik; atau ruang DCS menggunakan wadah simpan dari plastik, kaleng atau kain blacu; atau ruang kamar menggunakan wadah sirnpan dari plastik.

Kajian riap pertumbuhan di hutan alam telah dilakukan dan masih berlangsung untuk memperoleh suatu model dugaan yang mampu menjelaskan pertumbuhan yang sebenarnya. Penggunaan metode penduga riap pertumbuhan masih merupakan alat utama pengambilan keputusan dalam manajemen hutan alam produksi. Keputusan manajemen hutan alam produksi dewasa ini masih berada pada prinsip kelestarian hasil. Hal ini dikarenakan unit manajemen masih memandang kelestarian hutan dari keberadaan pohon dan keberlangsungan pemanenan setiap tahunnya. Kajian riap berdasarkan jenis dominan perlu dilakukan sebagai alat pengukur pendapatan perusahaan dan sekaligus untuk membantu pemahaman potensi tegakan tinggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga riap pertumbuhan diameter berdasarkan kelas diameter dan kelompok jenis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah membangun model statistik dari data PUP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CAI 1,3 cm/tahun pada kelas diameter 10–20 dan 0,78 cm/tahun pada kelas diameter terbesar 40 cm ke atas. CAI kelompok jenis komersil lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok jenis non-komersil. Sementara itu, CAI famili Dipterocarpaceae dan Myrtaceae le- bih besar dibandingkan famili Burceraceae, Fagaceae, Guttiferae dan Lauraceae. Model penduga CAI untuk semua jenis di Pulau Buru adalah CAI = 2,19e . Untuk masing-masing kelompok jenis pohon memiliki bentuk persamaan yang berbeda. Namun demikian, model ini perlu dikaji lanjut di lapangan untuk menguji keterandalannya sebagai alat penduga pengaturan hasil.

Darwo, Bogidarmanti R. 2016. The cultivation of bintangur (Callophyllum soulatri) prospects to be developed in peatlands. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 2: 267-270. Peatlands have limited species to be developed as industrial plantations forest. Bintangur (Callophyllum soulatri Burm.F.) is one of the original species in the peatland area. Currently, bintangur has not been developed extensively as industrial plantations forest. Economically, bintangur has a high value of benefits that wood can be used as raw material for pulp and fruit can be used as a source of biofuel. The aims of this study were to evaluate the extent of its ability to grow and characteristics of bintangur in peatland area. The trial planting at a spacing of 3 x 3 m2 and observation made after 4 years old after planting with the measured parameter were the diameter at breast height, total height and survival rate. Data analysis was conducted to know the average and standard deviation. The results showed that bintangur easily propagated from wildlings and seeds. At the age of 4 years gained an average diameter at breast height of 3.82 ± 0.90 cm and a total height of 3.39 ± 0.72 m in diameter increment of 0.95 cm/year and high increment of 0.85 m/year. Bintangur can grow well in open peatlands with survival rates of 75 ± 15.2 % and the age of 3 years has borne fruit. Therefore, the plant bintangur potential to be developed as plantations producing wood pulp and energy.