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The thermophilic fungus Gymnascella thermotolerans GTE-21 produces a significant amount of both volatile and nonvolatile compounds with potent antifungal and anticancer properties. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to identify 14 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by G. thermotolerans. The most predominant compound identified was diisooctyl phthalate, constituting 71.99% of the total VOCs, followed by phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) at 7.12%. The GTE-21's VOCs demonstrated significant antifungal growth inhibition activity of 42.5% against Fusarium solani and 39.03% against Alternaria alternata. Additionally, GTE-21's crude extract exhibited substantial antibacterial effects, evidenced by inhibition zones of 1.5 cm against S. epidermidis, 1.4 cm against C. ciferrii, and 1.3 cm against S. aureus. The CHR2RClR2R:MeOH (1:1) fraction was more effective against human pathogens, producing the largest zones of inhibition of 1.1 and 1.03 cm against S. epidermidis and C. ciferrii, respectively. The evaluation of GTE-21's antifungal activity using the Evans blue assay showed that fungal spores treated with GTE-21's crude extract exhibited 96.2% inhibition at a concentration of 25 mg/ml. Similarly, the fractions CH2Cl2:MeOH (1:1) and CH2Cl2:MeOH (9:1) demonstrated spore inhibition rates of 96.3% and 94.3%, respectively. The EtOAc crude extract demonstrated pronounced cytotoxic effects against the SKOV-3 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. For SKOV-3, cell viability decreased to 3.40% and 0.47% at concentrations of 50 and 100 μL, respectively. In the case of MDA-MB-231, cell viability was reduced to 0.19% at both 50 and 100 μL concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to evaluate the separation of cellular biopolymer production for batch fermentation of bacterial Acetobacter spp and Leuconostoc spp to produce edible film-forming suspension solution at different treatments B20%, C40%, D60% and E20%, F40% and G60% treatments loaded on CMC and control A0%. preparation of nano-polymer production to produce an edible film with a higher potential to carry active ingredients such as silver AgNo3, which was added with different concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75% wt to the edible film. A study estimation of rheological properties of treatments and suspended solutions to determine the best ones for use in edible films and their application in food science were studied. The permeability, particle size, zeta potential, mechanical properties, and color were evaluated in addition to electron microscopy of the tested films. It was found that the best measurements were the film-forming nan emulsions solutions are decreased B20% 111.6 nm, E20% 262.0 nm then followed treatment C40% 571.0 nm and F40% 928.9 nm as compared to in edible films nano-polymer were A0% 1417nm. This bacterial biopolymer product produced in the production of nanoparticles is capable of forming films and coatings with valid fence properties versus the transport of gases such as color, oxygen, CO2, and water vapor. The elongation, tensile strength, solubility, and thickness are remarkable mechanical properties as tensile strength and elongation increase, % solubility with treatment B20%, C40% and D60% than in treatment E20%, F40%, and G60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giant clam marine culture is commonly influenced by a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria including Vibrio species, resulting in high losses. The current study was organized to investigate the bacterial infections, in the Hurghada area, between the culture of Tridacna maxima and Tridacna gigas in indoor aquaria and offshore cages. Eighty samples of T. maxima and T. gigas in both indoor aquaria and offshore cages were collected for bacteriological analysis. Samples were taken from gills, gut, mantels, and gonads of Tridacna. The results showed reduced motion followed by loss of attractive color pattern with 25 % and 20 % mortality rate among indoor cultured T. maxima and T. gigas, respectively. About forty-six bacterial isolates were identified, using phenotypic and biochemical testing. Most of those isolates were Vibrio logei, V. harveyi, and unidentified Vibrio. The pathogenicity and virulence of V. logei seem high with a 30% mortality rate. The current study would provide useful information for better management of bacterial infections in T. maxima and T. gigas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Environmental pollution due to the continuous uncontrolled discharge of toxic dyes into the water bodies provides insight into the need to eliminate pollutants prior to discharge is significantly needed. Recently, the combination of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention. Herein, the magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) were synthesized using metabolites of Aspergillus niger. Further, the surfaces of Fe3O4-NPs were functionalized using 3-mercaptoproionic acid as confirmed by XRD, TEM, and SEM analyses. A purified P. expansum laccase was immobilized onto Fe3O4/3-MPA-SH and then the developed immobilized laccase (Fe3O4/3-MPA-S-S-laccase) was applied to achieve redox-mediated degradation of different dyes. The Fe3O4/3-MPA-S-S-laccase exhibited notably improved stability toward pH, temperature, organic solvents, and storage periods. The Fe3O4/3-MPA-S-S-laccase exhibited appropriate operational stability while retaining 84.34% of its initial activity after 10 cycles. The catalytic affinity (Kcat/Km) of the immobilized biocatalyst was increased above 10-fold. The experimental data showed remarkable improvement in the dyes' decolorization using the immobilized biocatalyst in the presence of a redox mediator in seven successive cycles. Thus, the prepared novel nanocomposite-laccase can be applied as an alternative promising strategy for bioremediation of textile wastewater. The cytotoxic level of carboplatin and Fe3O4-NPs singly or in combination on various cell lines was concentration-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]