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869 results on '"Darwish, Ahmed A."'

3. Three-Dimensional Lagrangian Coherent Structures in Patients with Aortic Regurgitation

Author

Abdallah, Wissam, Darwish, Ahmed, Garcia, Julio, and Kadem, Lyes

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Understanding blood transport in cardiovascular flows is important for managing patients with cardiovascular disease. In this study, three-dimensional Lagrangian coherent structures have been extracted for the first time in both healthy patients and patients with aortic regurgitation. To achieve this, a computationally efficient approach based on Lagrangian descriptors was employed with four dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance imaging velocity fields. In healthy subjects, Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) analysis revealed well-defined mitral jet structures during early filling, directing flow toward ejection during systole. For patients with aortic regurgitation, complex flow structures included interactions between the mitral and regurgitant jets, indicating altered blood transport mechanisms. This study highlights the ability of Lagrnagian descriptors to extract coherent structures from patient-specific 4D flow MRI data in a computationally efficient way. It also underscores the importance of extracting three-dimensional Lagrangian coherent structures to gain a better understanding of the complex interaction between the mitral inflow and the regurgitant jet.

Published
2024

4. Transcriptome Profiling of a Salt Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstock Ruggeri throughout Salinity.

Author

Gajjar, Pranavkumar, Ismail, Ahmed, Islam, Tabibul, Moniruzzaman, Md, Darwish, Ahmed, Dawood, Ahmed, Mohamed, Ahmed, Haikal, Amr, El-Saady, Abdelkareem, El-Kereamy, Ashraf, Sherif, Sherif, Abazinge, Michael, Kambiranda, Devaiah, and El-Sharkawy, Islam

Subjects
ROS detoxification, Ruggeri, carbohydrates, grapevine rootstock, photosynthesis, salinity, transcriptome profiling
Abstract

Salinity is one of the substantial threats to plant productivity and could be escorted by other stresses such as heat and drought. It impairs critical biological processes, such as photosynthesis, energy, and water/nutrient acquisition, ultimately leading to cell death when stress intensity becomes uncured. Therefore, plants deploy several proper processes to overcome such hostile circumstances. Grapevine is one of the most important crops worldwide that is relatively salt-tolerant and preferentially cultivated in hot and semi-arid areas. One of the most applicable strategies for sustainable viticulture is using salt-tolerant rootstock such as Ruggeri (RUG). The rootstock showed efficient capacity of photosynthesis, ROS detoxification, and carbohydrate accumulation under salinity. The current study utilized the transcriptome profiling approach to identify the molecular events of RUG throughout a regime of salt stress followed by a recovery procedure. The data showed progressive changes in the transcriptome profiling throughout salinity, underpinning the involvement of a large number of genes in transcriptional reprogramming during stress. Our results established a considerable enrichment of the biological process GO-terms related to salinity adaptation, such as signaling, hormones, photosynthesis, carbohydrates, and ROS homeostasis. Among the battery of molecular/cellular responses launched upon salinity, ROS homeostasis plays the central role of salt adaptation.

Published
2024

7. Physiological Comparison of Two Salt-Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstocks under Salinity Reveals Different Adaptation Qualities.

Author

Gajjar, Pranavkumar, Ismail, Ahmed, Islam, Tabibul, Darwish, Ahmed, Moniruzzaman, Md, Abuslima, Eman, Dawood, Ahmed, El-Saady, Abdelkareem, Tsolova, Violeta, El-Kereamy, Ashraf, Nick, Peter, Sherif, Sherif, Abazinge, Michael, and El-Sharkawy, Islam

Subjects
ROS detoxification machinery, grapevines rootstocks, photosynthesis, salinity, sugar accumulation
Abstract

Like other plant stresses, salinity is a central agricultural problem, mainly in arid or semi-arid regions. Therefore, salt-adapted plants have evolved several adaptation strategies to counteract salt-related events, such as photosynthesis inhibition, metabolic toxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. European grapes are usually grafted onto salt-tolerant rootstocks as a cultivation practice to alleviate salinity-dependent damage. In the current study, two grape rootstocks, 140 Ruggeri (RUG) and Millardet et de Grasset 420A (MGT), were utilized to evaluate the diversity of their salinity adaptation strategies. The results showed that RUG is able to maintain higher levels of the photosynthetic pigments (Chl-T, Chl-a, and Chl-b) under salt stress, and hence accumulates higher levels of total soluble sugars (TSS), monosaccharides, and disaccharides compared with the MGT rootstock. Moreover, it was revealed that the RUG rootstock maintains and/or increases the enzymatic activities of catalase, GPX, and SOD under salinity, giving it a more efficient ROS detoxification machinery under stress.

Published
2023

12. Seedlessness Trait and Genome Editing—A Review

Author

Moniruzzaman, Md, Darwish, Ahmed G, Ismail, Ahmed, El-Kereamy, Ashraf, Tsolova, Violeta, and El-Sharkawy, Islam

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Biotechnology, Gene Editing, Vitis, Plant Breeding, Seeds, Fruit, CRISPR-Cas Systems, CRISPR, Cas, genome editing, molecular breeding, ovule abortion, parthenocarpy, seedlessness, stenospermocarpy, CRISPR/Cas, Other Chemical Sciences, Other Biological Sciences, Chemical Physics
Abstract

Parthenocarpy and stenospermocarpy are the two mechanisms underlying the seedless fruit set program. Seedless fruit occurs naturally and can be produced using hormone application, crossbreeding, or ploidy breeding. However, the two types of breeding are time-consuming and sometimes ineffective due to interspecies hybridization barriers or the absence of appropriate parental genotypes to use in the breeding process. The genetic engineering approach provides a better prospect, which can be explored based on an understanding of the genetic causes underlying the seedlessness trait. For instance, CRISPR/Cas is a comprehensive and precise technology. The prerequisite for using the strategy to induce seedlessness is identifying the crucial master gene or transcription factor liable for seed formation/development. In this review, we primarily explored the seedlessness mechanisms and identified the potential candidate genes underlying seed development. We also discussed the CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing approaches and their improvements.

Published
2023

15. Risk-prediction models in postmenopausal patients with symptoms of suspected ovarian cancer in the UK (ROCkeTS): a multicentre, prospective diagnostic accuracy study

Author

Kent, Robert, Rosello, Natalia, Malhotra, Vivek, Jermy, Karen, Duncan, Tim, Ames, Victoria, Sharma, Aarti, Sinha, Anju, Tarang, Majmudar, Ciara, Mackenzie, Hebblethwaite, Neil, Exley, Kendra, Macdonald, Robert, Harmer, Marianne, Hughes, Tracey, Parker, Rob, Darwish, Ahmed, Abedin, Parveen, Balogun, Moji, Ramsay, Bruce, Moshy, Roger, Roberts, Mark, Russell, Michelle, Sayasneh, Ahmad, Abdelbar, Ahmed, Abdi, Shahram, Palmer, Julia, Gajjar, Ketankumar, Blake, Dominic, Naskretski, Adam, Ghazal, Fateh, Rai, Harinder, Keating, Patrick, Wood, Nicholas, Gnanachandran, Chellappah, Alawad, Hafez, Kaushik, Sonali, Baron, Sonali, Vita, Lavanya, Nagar, Hans, Manchanda, Ranjit, Sundar, Sudha, Agarwal, Ridhi, Davenport, Clare, Scandrett, Katie, Johnson, Susanne, Sengupta, Partha, Selvi-Vikram, Radhika, Kwong, Fong Lien, Mallett, Sue, Rick, Caroline, Kehoe, Sean, Timmerman, Dirk, Bourne, Tom, Van Calster, Ben, Stobart, Hilary, Neal, Richard D, Menon, Usha, Gentry-Maharaj, Alex, Sturdy, Lauren, Ottridge, Ryan, and Deeks, Jon

Published
2024
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25. Quantum Algorithms and Simulation for Parallel and Distributed Quantum Computing

Author

Parekh, Rhea, Ricciardi, Andrea, Darwish, Ahmed, and DiAdamo, Stephen

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

A viable approach for building large-scale quantum computers is to interlink small-scale quantum computers with a quantum network to create a larger distributed quantum computer. When designing quantum algorithms for such a distributed quantum computer, one can make use of the added parallelization and distribution abilities inherent in the system. An added difficulty to then overcome for distributed quantum computing is that a complex control system to orchestrate the various components is required. In this work, we aim to address these issues. We explicitly define what it means for a quantum algorithm to be distributed and then present various quantum algorithms that fit the definition. We discuss potential benefits and propose a high-level scheme for controlling the system. With this, we present our software framework called Interlin-q, a simulation platform that aims to simplify designing and verifying parallel and distributed quantum algorithms. We demonstrate Interlin-q by implementing some of the discussed algorithms using Interlin-q and layout future steps for developing Interlin-q into a control system for distributed quantum computers., Comment: Adding funding information

Published
2021

26. Recognition of 7 genes signature (Cirrhosis Risk Score) in the diagnosed non-responders to DAAs therapy by intra-PBMCs nested HCV RNA PCR

Author

Al-Shazly Gaber Mohamed Galal, Reham M. Dawood, Mostafa K. El Awady, Yasser Mohamed Mohamed El-Dessouky, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Halim Mahmoud, and Mohamed Darwish Ahmed Abd Alla

Subjects
CRS, DAAs, PBMCs PCR, HCV Relapse, Liver fibro-cirrhosis, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background and aims Predictors of chronic HCV response to oral antiviral therapy (OAT) are related to host genetic variations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and alleles variations of host genes in association with hepatic fibro-cirrhotic changes have a distinct role in OAT outcomes. The current research evaluated the association of Cirrhosis-Risk-Scores (CRS) values, based on the correlation of seven genes signature-SNPs, with sonographic liver parenchymal changes in determining OAT outcomes. Methods All study subjects (n = 54) were recruited three months after completing OAT and classified into three groups. Group I (n = 21) had negative HCV PCR, group II (n = 17) showed positive solitary intra-PBMCs HCV infection, and group III(n = 16) was serum HCV RNA PCR-positive. All study-population were subjected to examination by hepatic-ultrasound (US), FIB-4-scoring, and screening for 7 gene-signature that addressed CRS values as low, intermediate, and high depending on gene SNPs identification. Results Group I showed a significant association with low CRS values compared to other groups (P

Published
2023
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32. HCV treatment outcome depends on SNPs of IFNL3-Gene polymorphisms (rs12979860) and cirrhotic changes in liver parenchyma

Author

Mohamed Darwish Ahmed Abd Alla, Reham M. Dawood, Hassan Abd EL-Hafeth Rashed, Yasser Mohammed El-Dessouky, Galal AbdElhameed AbuFarrag, Islam Abdelmawla Emran Ammar, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Halim Mahmoud, Ghada M. Salum, Mohamed Zakaria Abu-Amer, Mohamed Abd elrafaa Hassan Sekeen, Mohamed Mousa Ibraheem Heggazy, Ahmed Mohamed Abdulhamid Altanbouly, Mai Abd El-Meguid, and Mostafa K. El Awady

Subjects
IFNL3-Gene-SNPs, DAAs, PBMCs-PCR, HCV-Hepatic-changes, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Background and objective: The allelic discrimination of IFNL3-(rs12979860 C > T) polymorphism reveals ambiguous associations with the effectiveness of oral HCV treatment. Solitary intra peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) HCV-RNA antisense-strands are independently detected in naïve and experienced cases regardless of viremia or hepatic-parenchymal alterations. We examined the frequencies of IFNL3-genetic variants with chronic-HCV-induced liver changes during the sustained virologic response (SVR) by evaluating the PBMCs- HCV-PCR after oral antiviral therapy. Methods: Twelve weeks after finishing oral antiviral therapy, the effects of IFNL3-genetic variants were evaluated in three groups of patients: Group-I (n = 25) showed HCV-RNA negativity in both serum and PBMCs-, group II (n = 52) showed positivity of HCV-RNA in PBMCs, and group-III (n = 25) had positive HCV-RNA in serum. The genetic variants of the IFNL3-gene were estimated for all the enrolled cases and correlated with their hepatic image changes. Results: IFNL3-(rs12979860) genotyping in post-direct acting antivirals (DAAs) SVR and HCV-relapse revealed: a) high frequency of CC-genotype and C-allele in group I compared to group II (P

Published
2023
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33. Experimental investigation of the flow downstream of a dysfunctional bileaflet mechanical aortic valve

Author

Darwish, Ahmed, Di Labbio, Giuseppe, Saleh, Wael, Smadi, Othman, and Kadem, Lyes

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Mechanical heart valve replacement is the preferred alternative in younger patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve disease. However, thrombus and pannus formations are common complications associated with bileaflet mechanical heart valves. This leads to risks of valve leaflet dysfunction, a life threatening event. In this experimental study, we investigate, using time resolved planar particle image velocimetry, the flow characteristics in the ascending aorta in the presence of a dysfunctional bileaflet mechanical heart valve. Several configurations of leaflet dysfunction are investigated and the induced flow disturbances in terms of velocity fields, viscous energy dissipation, wall shear stress, and accumulation of viscous shear stresses are evaluated. We also explore the ability of a new set of parameters, solely based on the analysis of the normalized axial velocity profiles in the ascending aorta, to detect bileaflet mechanical heart valve dysfunction and differentiate between the different configurations tested in this study. Our results show that a bileaflet mechanical heart valve dysfunction leads to a complex spectrum of flow disturbances with each flow characteristic evaluated having its own worst case scenario in terms of dysfunction configuration. We also show that the suggested approach based on the analysis of the normalized axial velocity profiles in the ascending aorta has the potential to clearly discriminate not only between normal and dysfunctional bilealfet heart valves but also between the different leaflet dysfunction configurations. This approach could be easily implemented using phase contrast MRI to follow up patients with bileaflet mechanical heart valves.

Published
2019

36. HCV treatment outcome depends on SNPs of IFNL3-Gene polymorphisms (rs12979860) and cirrhotic changes in liver parenchyma

Author

Abd Alla, Mohamed Darwish Ahmed, Dawood, Reham M., Rashed, Hassan Abd EL-Hafeth, El-Dessouky, Yasser Mohammed, AbuFarrag, Galal AbdElhameed, Ammar, Islam Abdelmawla Emran, Mahmoud, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Halim, Salum, Ghada M., Abu-Amer, Mohamed Zakaria, Sekeen, Mohamed Abd elrafaa Hassan, Heggazy, Mohamed Mousa Ibraheem, Altanbouly, Ahmed Mohamed Abdulhamid, Abd El-Meguid, Mai, and El Awady, Mostafa K.

Published
2023
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