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The Central Java Province primarily contributes to the national food supply, serving as one of the leading centers for rice production on Java Island. In this province, there are indications of a shift in the interests of the population working in the agricultural sector, moving to other sectors outside of agriculture. This phenomenon is related to the productivity of the workforce in the agricultural sector. Based on that reality, this research examines labor productivity in lowland rice farming in the Central Java Province. The study is conducted in the Grobogan and Sukoharjo Regencies of the Central Java Province, involving 250 samples of lowland rice farmers. The research results indicate that labor productivity in lowland rice farming in the Central Java Province is 1.5 quintals/human working day. The labor productivity Hayami–Ruttan model analysis shows that seed, urea fertilizer, and pesticide quantity, as well as planting area, formal education, and age of farmers, significantly and positively influence labor productivity in wet rice farming in Central Java. The independent variables in the model can explain 61.12% of the variation in labor productivity in wet rice farming. Farmers must pay attention to these variables when implementing wet rice farming practices to increase labor productivity and profit so they do not have to work outside the agriculture sector.

Financial Technology yang menjadi bagian dari revolusi teknologi di sektor keuangan memegang salah satu peran penting di sektor keuangan mikro dan makro. Investasi yang masif mendorong berkembangnya industri FinTech secara global. Sektor mobile money dan transfer tumbuh paling cepat sebesar 75% pada tahun 2019. Dengan jumlah pengguna sebanyak 203 juta dengan nilai transaksi mencapai US$ 99.1 miliar pada tahun 2022, menjadikan Indonesia menjadi salah satu episentrum perkembagan ekonomi digital. Namun tren positif ini masih belum memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Tingkat inklusi keuangan di Indonesia masih menjadi salah satu yang terendah dibandingkan negara lain di ASEAN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi faktor penggunaan FinTech di Indonesia serta implikasinya terhadap inklusi keuangan. Analisis kuantitatif dengan metode SEM-PLS digunakan dalam menguji secara statistik 369 data responden. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap keempat variabel laten (digital literacy, financial literacy, acceptance model dan use of technology) secara positif dan signifikan berpengaruh terhadap intention to use FinTech payment. Penggunaan secara berkelanjutan juga terbukti secara positif mendorong perilaku exploitative use dan explorative use oleh pengguna. Pada akhirnya, penggunaan FinTech payment dengan pola exploitative dan explorative terbukti secara statistik dapat meningkatkan inklusi keuagan di Indonesia.

Despite the fact that digital banks are the most recent financial service that provides online banking services without direct contact with customers, they have yet to transform the whole financial sector. This study was done in a quantitative manner utilizing primary data to investigate drivers of digital banking adoption by Gen Z using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) approach. There was a total of 232 respondents participating in this study. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results show that social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivations, perceived value, and habit positively influence the Gen Z’s behavioral intention to use the digital banks; while performance expectancy and effort expectancy show the opposite influence. Further, the behavioral intention also positively influences the Gen Z’s use behavior of digital banks. To promote digital bank customer commitment and satisfaction, digital banking service providers are suggested to increase the value of benefits outweighing the costs borne by users, as well as to improve service quality in terms of user friendliness. JEL: G40, O33.

Islamic banking has the characteristics of an operation that uses a profit-sharing system and its main goal is to achieve Falah. This also affects the performance measurement of sharia banking which also adapts to these two characteristics. One method of measuring the performance of Islamic banking is to use the Maqashid-Based Performance Evaluation Model (MPEM) method. This study aims to prove the effect of good corporate governance variables (board of commissioners, independent commissioners, sharia supervisory board, and audit committee) on the performance of Islamic banking based on the MPEM method. This study uses secondary data obtained from 20 Islamic banks in 4 Southeast Asia countries from 2016 to 2020 observation years. The method used for data analysis is using a panel regression model with the random effect as the chosen model. This study found that the board of commissioners and the audit committee has a negative effect on the performance of Islamic banking in Southeast Asia based on maqashid syariah. The ratio of the independent commissioners and the sharia supervisory board does not affect the performance of Islamic banking in Southeast Asia based on Maqasid Syariah. This study also found a result that the average maqashid performance index of sharia banking in Southeast Asia is only around 12.7%. Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Maqashid Syariah, Performance, Sharia Banks

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the actual portfolio of BPKH from the hajj fund investment and examine the optimization investment portfolio for BPKH based on PP No.5 Tahun 2018. Methodology – The data used in this study was quarterly in the form of price and coupon for Sukuk instruments and the equivalent of yield rate for Sharia deposits. This study uses the Markowitz Diversification method with the Tangency Portfolio model as a model to determine the optimal portfolio. Findings – The result of this study showed that BPKH's actual portfolios in 2018 and 2019 couldn't be determined as efficient and optimal portfolios. Meanwhile, BPKH's actual portfolios in 2020 and 2021 are included as efficient portfolios but not optimal portfolios. The result of an optimal portfolio in this study has a composition as follows: 30% of Sharia deposits, 5,60% of SBSN, and 64,40% of SDHI. Implication – The finding of an optimal portfolio can recommend BPKH to allocate most of the hajj fund in SDHI than SBSN because the SBSN has high risk and still to allocate in Sharia deposits as worth maximum based on regulation in PP No.5 Tahun 2018. BPKH needs to diversify hajj fund investment wider such as Lembaga Tabung Haji (LTH) has done in Malaysia. Originality – This study contributes to evaluating whether BPKH's actual portfolios in the first third years since BPKH operation and after the first third years of BPKH operation are efficient and optimal.

Purpose: E-government is one of the government's efforts to develop the implementation of electronic-based government activities in order to improve the quality of service to various parties effectively and efficiently. In the context of implementing e-government in Cirebon City, Cirebon City is carrying out a smart city or smart city movement with its vision of realizing Cirebon as a creative, innovative, synergistic and competitive smart city in 2028. Lots of programs have been implemented as supporters of the realization of the smart city movement in the city of Cirebon. Research with the title "Implementation of E-government in the Village Public Administration Electronic System Program (SEDULUR) in Kalijaga Village, Harjamukti District, Cirebon City", has a formulation of the problem of how to implement the sedulur program in Kalijaga Village, Harjamukti District, Cirebon City. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach that is descriptive. Determination of informants using purposive sampling. The theoretical foundation used is the Balanced E-government Scorecard theory with five dimensions in it, the five dimensions are: benefits, efficiency, participation, transparency, and change management. Findings: Based on the research that has been done, it is concluded that the implementation of e-government in Kalijaga Village, Harjamukti District, Cirebon City with case studies of the sedulur program has not been optimal in its implementation, this is because the sedulur program still wants to be developed so that later all people can access it without having to contact the head of the RW First of all, it's just that the budget was diverted during the Covid-19 pandemic which hampered the development of the Sedulur program. Practical implications: The efforts that have been made are with Harjamukti District supporting government programs related to people who are aware and obedient of paying taxes so that revenue-sharing funds (DBH) from these taxes can be allocated for the development of the sedulur program. Paper type: Research paper

This study aims to investigate the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on the financial performance of sharia banking. GCG is measured by the Board of Commissioners Performance, the Board of Commissioners Composition, the Number of Audit Committees, the Board of Directors, and the Sharia Supervisory Board Performance, whereas financial performance is proxied by Return on Assets, financing risk (Non-Performing Financing), and capital (Capital Adequacy Ratio). Sharia commercial banks registered by Bank Indonesia made the sample of this study. Annual reports and GCG reports of sharia commercial banks from 2014 to 2017 are used as a data source. The study uses a panel data regression approach to analyze the data; some interesting results have been obtained. The Sharia board positively affected financial performance of Islamic banks in terms of return on assets and capital adequacy ratio, and negatively as to non-performing financing. Similarly, the board of directors had a significant impact on the financial performance of Islamic banks in the same direction as the sharia supervisory board in terms of the three components. Meanwhile, the board of commissioners had a significant and positive impact only on the return on assets of Islamic banks in Indonesia.

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Indonesia plays an important role in developing the economic growth, but it still has some problems. One of the problems faced by MSMEs sector is the preparation of financial reports that are in accordance with the standards for preparing financial statements, namely SAK ETAP (Financial Accounting Standards for Entities without Public Accountability). MSMEs uses financial statement as a reference in efforts to develop MSMEs. The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the influence of information and socialization, education levels, scale of business, and the company’s age on MSMEs’ understanding in preparing financial statements based on SAK ETAP. The sample of this study is owners of MSMEs in Semarang. The method of determining the sample uses a random sampling method (the research sample was 50 respondents). Data are analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The results show that the provision of information and socialization, business scale, and education level have a significant influence on the understanding of MSMEs in preparing financial statements based on SAK ETAP, while the company’s age does not affect the understanding of MSMEs in preparing financial statements based on SAK ETAP.Keywords: MSMEs, financial reports, SAK ETAP, logistic regressionJEL Classifications: A1; C01; M41DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.8748

One of the common measurements used to evaluate a company’s performance is the efficiency performance which indicates a company’s efficiency score in utilizing inputs to produce outputs. This study aims to evaluate the performance of state-owned Indonesian Islamic banks by measuring their technical efficiency along with the determinant factors of their efficiency over the period 2014-2017. In this study, DEA, a non-parametric technique method, is employed to measure the efficiency of four state-owned Indonesia Islamic banks. Another method, Tobit-regression, is used to identify the determinant factors of their efficiency. Four state-owned Indonesian Islamic banks are chosen as the object of this study, namely Bank Syariah Mandiri, BNI Syariah , Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, and BTN Syariah. The results of calculation using DEA methos show that the average efficiency level of all state-owned Indonesian Islamic banks over four consecutive yerars is 100%. It means that all the state-owned Indonesian Islamic banks operating in Indonesia have been able to optimize all their resources and are considered efficient over the period 2014-2017. Tobit-regression model results show that bank size, capitalization, and profitability significantly affect all state-owned Islamic banks’ efficiency, while bank expenses do not have a significant effect on their efficiency.

Not yet optimal Family Development Program for Toddlers at the DPPKBP3 Extension Center, Kedawung District, Cirebon Regency, Lack of Family Planning Extension officers Lack of facilities and infrastructure to support the Toddler Family Development Program (BKB). The Regional Government establishes a family development policy through fostering family welfare resilience, one of which is carried out by means of: The BKB program as a part of the Family Planning (KB) program aims to increase the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in fostering growth and development of children under five through physical stimulation, motor intelligence, emotional from socioeconomic as well as possible is one of the efforts to be able to develop family functions. Armed with this knowledge and skills, it is hoped that parents will be able to educate and nurture their toddlers from an early age so that these children can grow and develop into quality Indonesian human beings. The research method used is a qualitative research method. The results showed that the factors that influence the Policy for the Community Development Program for Toddlers at the DPPKBP3 Extension Center, Kedawung District, Cirebon Regency are communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure.

GDP is the main indicator of economy which reflects economic activities in a country. In fact, shadow economy is exist in every country, it is some of the activities which are not included in the national account. This condition can lead to a biased policies. So that, it is important to take into account the shadow economy when formulating policies. There are no such of data for shadow economy activities. The purpose of this research is to estimate shadow economy in seven developing countries of ASEAN. The estimation method used is the MIMIC approach in the period of 2007-2016. Besides, this research also examines the influence of the institutional quality on the shadow economy development. The results show that shadow economy in ASEAN has increased since 2007. Thailand is a country with the largest shadow economy among the ASEAN member countries with an average of 46.84% of GDP. On the other hand, the institutional quality shows a negative relationship with the development of shadow economy, except regulatory quality. Variables of control of corruption, political stability and absence of violent, and voice and accountability have influence on reducing the shadow economy development.

Kain tenun sebagai kain budaya menjadi sangat penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu sentra pengrajin kain tenun berada di desa Troso kecamatan Pecangaan kabupaten Jepara, yaitu pada UKM Ampel Jaya dan UKM Tiara. Permasalahan yang dihadapi salah satunya adalah masalah manajemen usaha dan produksi. Pada umumnya pengrajin tenun Troso memproduksi kain tenun berdasarkan pesanan dari klien atau pedagang kain dari luar daerah. Oleh sebab itu, maka diperlukan kecermatan agar dapat berproduksi seefisien mungkin. Pengrajin sering kali menghitung biaya produksi hanya berdasar perkiraan dan tidak ada ukuran yang jelas dalam menghitung besar biaya produksi. Tim Pelaksana IbPE memperkenalkan metode perhitungan biaya produksi dengan menggunakan Kartu Biaya Pesan Produksi untuk penetapan harga jual dan pengendalian biaya. Penerapan kartu ini juga sekaligus melengkapi program tahun sebelumnya yaitu tentang penggunaan Papan Informasi Produk dan Papan Informasi Stok. Dengan memanfaatkan media yang ada, UKM mitra dapat terbantu dalam menganalisa kondisi usahanya secara lebih jelas dan akurat sehingga bisa menjadi bahan rujukan dalam mengambil keputusan bisnis yang tepat.

The study analyzes the role of governance BMT Mekar Da'wah and social capital in processing Musharaka financing. This study uses qualitative method . The source of data and information are employees in BMT Mekar Da’wah such as the branch manager, head of the division of financing, marketing head of the division and customers of BMT Mekar Da’wah as key persons. Collecting data uses purposive sampling technique. The data are primary data that based on interviews with key persons associated with the research. The analysis technique used is the interactive model. The results showed that corporate governance at BMT Mekar Da'wah’s 6C (character, capacity, capital, collateral, condition of economy and constrain) based on the concept that applied to the collection of information on prospective customers who will conduct financing filings with the provisions. Social capital is owned by BMT Mekar Da'wah is trust formed by a good relationship with society as cooperation in several community events. Besides, the shared value formed from their belief to religiosity of people who manage BMT is also one of social capital.

Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah is a financial institution that distribute and collect the fund. BPRS prefers to provide financing in micro, small, and medium enterprises. The purpose of this study is analyze the effect of dominant financing in BPRS, murabaha, musharaka, and transaction costs on profitability of the BPR empirically. Financing and transaction costs tend to increase while the profitabilitas fluctuates and tends to decrease every year. This research uses quantitative method with secondary data. The data collection techniques used are literature study and documentation. Secondary data retrieved from monthly reports of Statistik Perbankan Syariah which can be accessed through the official website of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and Bank Indonesia. The method in this research is multiple linear regression with ordinary least squares (OLS) by transforming one of the variable into first difference. The empirical results shows that Murabahah financing, Musharakah financing, Transaction Costs significantly effect on profitability (ROA) Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah adalah lembaga keuangan dengan fungsi menyalurkan dan penghimpunan dana. BPRS lebih mengutamakan pembiayaan bagi UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis pengaruh pembiayaan yang mendominasi pada BPRS yaitu Murabahah dan Musyarakah, serta Biaya transaksi yang dikeluarkan terhadap Profitabilitas BPRS. Pembiayaan murabahah, musyarakah, dan biaya transaksi cendrung mengalami peningkatan sedangkan profitabilitas pada BPRS mengalami fluktuatif dan cenderung menurun setiap tahunnya. Penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang mempergunakan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian adalah studi kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Data penelitian diambil dari laporan bulanan statistik perbankan syariah yang diakses melalui situs resmi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan Bank Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode Regresi Linier Berganda dengan pendekatan ordinary least square (OLS) serta melakukan transaformasi salah satu variabel kedalam bentuk pembeda pertama (first difference). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan Murabahah, Musyarakah, dan Biaya Transaksi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabiltas (ROA) Bank Pembiayaan Bank Rakyat Syariah.

This research aims at analyzing the scale of public willingness to pay and the influence of age, income, awareness, perception, and religiosity on their willingness to pay the halal certified beef. This research was conducted in Jakarta with purposive sampling method and 100 respondents. The analysis method used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis, contingent valuated method and logit regression. The results show that 77 of respondents are willing to pay more for halal certified beef, while the other 23 are not. The average value of WTP obtained is 7% of the price of ordinary meat. The result of logit regression analysis shows that awareness variable has significant effect on willingness to pay halal certified beef, while the income, age, perception, and religiosity have no significant effect.

High transaction costs become one of the obstacles for the micro and small enterprises (MSEs) to access financial loans to the bank. In order to minimize the transaction costs, group lending scheme become alternative, so that both sides are pay lower transaction costs, and MSEs are able to improve their welfare. This study aims to analyze the credit process and transaction costs incurred on the model of individuals and groups lending and to compare the magnitude of transaction costs on both models. Mixed Method Analysis is used to analyze the component of transaction costs and the magnitude of the transaction cost on both models.These results indicate there are differences in transaction costs incurred on both schemes. In the amount of the transaction costs, the overall group scheme still allows for greater compared to individual schemes and dominated by the cost of the disbursement. Even so, the transaction cost per member group is much smaller than the individual schemes.

The community development and empowerment are two inseparable sides in the efforts to overcome the phenomenon of the fishermen communities, especially in the efforts to increase the welfare through the increasing income in the fishermen communities. One of the media in implementing the community development and empowerment is through the fishermen groups. The role of fishermen groups has not run optimally yet in improving the fishermen’s welfare, so it requires a strategy of developing the fishermen groups through the strategy of strengthening the economy in order to increase the fishermen’s income. This research aims to determine the priority of aspects to determine the strategies and to analyze the priority of strategy of strengthening the economy through the development of the institutional fishermen groups in order to increase the fishermen income in Central Java. The method of analysis in this research uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result of AHP analysis indicates the priority of aspects in the strategy of strengthening the economy those are: aspects of participation,aspects of capital, aspects of partnership, and aspects of technology. The priority of alternatives in the strategy of strengthening the fishermen’s economy shows three sequences of 12 alternatives of strategies those are: the socialization of the importance of groups, the increase in the active participation, and the increase in the number of meetings.

In the village, the agricultural development is not certainly oriented to the economic aspect. The social intervention is very important and very helpful for the citizens and the development of the agricultural itself. The purpose of this research is to analyze the social existence, the social influence, and also the systematic strategy that can strengthen the society in developing the agriculture. The method used in this research is the qualitative analysis with phenomenology approach. The qualitative analysis is conducted by the direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews with the respondents that are selected by the purposive sampling. The result shows that a society has formed the farmer organization to have mutual coordination among the members. However, there are some problems that occur on this organization. The values and norms begin to fade and have become the major problem. Another problem is the sense of trust among the citizens and the unoptimal social network utilization. The conclusion is, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) shows that to make a progress of agricultural development, they need to strengthen the social relationship among the citizens to face all the problems that may occur.

Abstrak. Analisa Manajemen Pembiayaan Macet (Studi Pada BMT Mitra Muamalah Jepara). Hampir setiap lembaga keuangan baik konvensional maupun syariah yang menyalurkan dana mengalami risiko pembiayaan masalah keuangan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian bagaimana pengelolaan pembiayaan macet pada lembaga keuangan syariah. Penelitian ini menganalisis dan menggambarkan penerapan Tata Kelola Perusahaan yang Baik (Good Corporate Governance - GCG) dalam pengelolaan pembiayaan dan menggambarkan strategi kebijakan dalam mengatasi pembiayaan macet yang ada di BMT Mitra Muamalah Jepara pada tahun 2015-2016, dengan metode pendekatan kualitatif (wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi). ) Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemangku kepentingan BMT Mitra Muamalah Jepara dengan teknik purposive dan snowball sampling. Metode analisis dengan teknik analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan tata kelola perusahaan (GCG) pengelolaan pembiayaan buruk cukup baik dan dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi masalah kredit macet yang terjadi di BMT Mitra Muamalah. Strategi untuk mengatasi kredit macet adalah membentuk tim perbaikan dan memperkuat prosedur operasi standar (SOP) pembiayaan dan memaksimalkan peran Account Officer (AO) sebagai pelaksana utama dalam proses pembiayaan penghentian non-performing. Abstract. Analysis of Financing Management Loss (Study on BMT Mitra Muamalah Jepara). Almost every financial institution both conventional or sharia that distributed funds experienced financing risk of financial problem. Therefore, it is necessary to research how the management of financial institutions especially sharia make efforts to minimize the financing of jams. This paper analyses and describes the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the management of financing and describes the policy strategy in overcoming the existing stalled financing in BMT Mitra Muamalah Jepara in 2015-2016, with qualitative approach method (interviews, observation and documentation) and trianggulasi techniques. Informants in this research are stakeholder BMT Mitra Muamalah Jepara by using purposive technique and snowball sampling. Method analyze with interactive analysis technique of Miles and Huberman. The result show that the implementation of corporate governance (GCG) on the management of bad financing has been quite good and can be applied to solve the problem of bad debts that occurred in BMT Mitra Muamalah. The strategy to overcome bad debts is to form a remedial team and strengthen standard operating procedures (SOP) of financing and maximize the role of Account Officer (AO) as the main implementer in the process of financing the termination of non-performing.

Agriculture sector becomes a spotlight because this sector will be full of potential but the welfare of farmers who become the leading actor is not guaranteed and has a poor tendency. The purpose of this study is to formulate strategies to strengthen farmers' groups in order to create the marketing of the agricultural sector that benefit farmers. The method used to achieve this goal is to use a qualitative approach and Analytical Network Process. In addition to the secondary data obtained from several agencies, this study also uses primary data obtained by in-depth interviews and observations. This research results a priority of aspects of the institutional strengthening of farmer groups as well as priority issues and priorities of the solution of each aspect. In addition, the priority of alternative strategies resulted based on the problems and solutions that have been analyzed in order to solve the problems in the institutional strengthening of farmer groups in Demak.

The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of the sharia microfinance issues, sharia microfinance solutions to solve problems, and institutions strategies for strengthening sharia microfinance. The method used in this study is a qualitative analysis method using the tool Analytical Network Process (ANP) is used to find the priority of problems, solutions and strategies for improvement of sharia microfinance institutions. The results of studies suggest that the improvement in sharia microfinance institutions have 4 aspects, those are the problems of the human resource aspects (SDI), infrastructure aspects, market aspects, and management aspects. Aspect of the priority issues in the sharia microfinance institutional improvement is a human resources (SDI), while the improvement solution of sharia microfinance institutional is an aspect of human resources (SDI) as well. Then the strategy which becomes a priority in the improvement of sharia microfinance institutions is the optimization of the board of sharia (DPS)

ABSTRACT Tourism development Jatibarang reservoirs and Goa cave has changed the socio-economic conditions surrounding communities, people who formerly worked as farmers and farm workers are now turning the profession as a result of the development of the tourist sites, local communities lost land of their rice fields because of the construction of reservoirs Jatibarang, impact effect on employment and earned income communities. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the different levels of income received by the local community before and after the development of tourism objects Kreo cave and Jatibarang reserviors, what causes the difference in the level of income received by the community and the impact on the economy, and how the impact of developing a tourist location Kreo cave and the Jatibarang reservoir against non-economic conditions. This research method using a mix method by using descriptive qualitative and different test. The results of this study, namely, the income received by people around the tourist area of Goa and dams Jatibarang Kreo increase along with the expansion of the travel, increasing employment opportunity and the economic value of land. Beside that development of tour sites, Jatibarang resevoir and Goa Kreo also affec tpt the social conditions, culture and environment conditions surrounding communities in non-economic aspect. Keywords: Tourism Economics, Goa Kreo, Jatibarang Reservoir, Community-based Tourism. ABSTRAKSI Pengembangan pariwisata Waduk Jatibarang dan Goa Kreo telah mengubah kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sekitar, masyarakat yang dahulu bekerja sebagai petani dan buruh tani kini beralih profesi sebagai dampak dari pengembangan lokasi wisata tersebut, masyarakat sekitar kehilangan lahan persawahan mereka karena adanya pembangunan Waduk Jatibarang, Dampaknya berpengaruh terhadap pekerjaan dan pendapatan yang diterima masyarakat sekitar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa bagaimana tingkat perbedaan pendapatan yang diterima oleh masyarakat sekitar sebelum dan sesudah adanya pengembangan objek pariwisata Goa Kreo dan Waduk Jatibarang, apa yang menyebabkan perbedaan tingkat pendapatan yang diterima masyarakat dan dampaknya terhadap perekonomian, dan bagaimana dampak pengembagan lokasi wisata Goa Kreo dan Waduk Jatibarang tersebut terhadap kondisi non-ekonomi. Metode penelitian ini mengunakan mix method dengan mengunakan diskriptif kualitatif dan uji beda. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, pendapatan yang diterima oleh masyarakat sekitar kawasan wisata Goa Kreo dan Waduk Jatibarang meningkat seiring dengan adanya pengembangan wisata, meningkatnya kesempatan kerja dan nilai ekonomis tanah. Sedangkan pengembangan lokasi wisata Goa Kreo dan Waduk Jatibarang juga akan berpengaruh terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat, kondisi kebudayaan dan lingkungan masyarakat sekitar pada aspek non-ekonomi. Kata kunci : Ekonomi Pariwisata, Goa Kreo, Waduk Jatibarang, Pariwisata berbasis Masyarakat.

This paper examines the effect of real exchange rate growth shock on the Indonesia economic performance by considering quarterly data of inflation, output growth and current account growth. We use the estimated impulse response functions and variance decomposition of VAR model to investigate the response of Indonesia macroeconomic to real exchange rate growth shock. The empirical evidence indicates that fluctuation of real exchange rate growth shock effects inflation and output growth, but it can not affect current account growth. Moreover, the results from the analyses suggest that the real exchange rate depreciations is contractionary that contrary to classical wisdom. Keywords: VAR, impulse response function, variance decomposition.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Food estate initiative is an Indonesian government program designed to achieve food security though the cultivation of strategic commodities on largescale agricultural land. Despite being controversial due to the scale of land use and budgetary requirements, the viability of the program has been questioned by critics pointing to the failure of a similar initiative in the past. In other words, there is widespread pessimism regarding sustainability of food estate program. Therefore, this study presents a new approach to farming sustainability investigation, assessing seven aspects including economy, society, environment, institutions, technology, market, and culture. The objective was to compare the value and status of sustainability as well as design land use planning strategies. METHODS: Respondents of the questionnaire were 50 food estate farmers, selected from Pollung subdistrict, as well as 50 non-food estate farmers from Dolok Sanggul and Lintong Nihuta Sub-districts. Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis software was used to conduct data analysis with Multidimensional Scaling approach. Primary data was collected through interviews using questionnaires and seven aspects analyzed include economic, social, environmental, institutional, technological, marketing, and cultural, with several factors. In addition, a total of 45 indicators were used to compare sustainability of farms, including 7 economics, 6 social, 9 environmental, 5 institutional, 7 technological, 5 marketing, and 6 cultural. FINDINGS: The results showed that in Food Eestate farming, sustainability value for economic aspects was 47.57, social 50, environmental 72.22, institutional 50, technological 50, market 53.4, and cultural 33.33. On the other hand, sustainability value of non-Food Eestate farming estate was 33.29 for economic, 47.17 for social, 77.78 for environmental, 56.6 for institutional, 42.86 for technological, 36.6 for market, and 41.67 for cultural aspects. The overall sustainability value of Food Eestate farming was 50.93, which was slightly higher than non-food estate score of 48. Improving all aspects in the third scenario is the most favorable approach for improving farming sustainability. Based on the results, 12 sustainability indicators were found to be relevant for designing land use planning strategies. These indicators had different implications for stakeholders in improving sustainability. CONCLUSION: Sustainability value of food estate farming exceeded that of non-Food Eestate but both were in the moderate category. Higher sustainability scores were recorded in economic, social, technological, and marketing aspects for Food Eestate farming, while higher scores were found in environmental, organizational, and cultural aspects for non-food estate. This study recommended implementing land use strategies such as multiple cropping for Food Eestate farming, and crop rotation for non-food estate. To implement the strategy for Food Eesrare farming, the government needed to increase fertilizer subsidies, provide agricultural insurance, relevant technology, extension services on land leases, agricultural sustainability, and water management. For non-food estate farming, the recommendations included providing capital loans, extension services on land tenure, agricultural sustainability, land conversion, inorganic fertilizer dosage, and weed management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast tumors often show profound sensitivity to exogenous oxidative stress. Investigational agent 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated DNA damage in certain breast cancer cells. Since AhR agonists often elevate intracellular oxidative stress, we hypothesize that 5F 203 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce DNA damage, which thwarts breast cancer cell growth. We found that 5F 203 induced single-strand break formation. 5F 203 enhanced oxidative DNA damage that was specific to breast cancer cells sensitive to its cytotoxic actions, as it did not increase oxidative DNA damage or ROS formation in nontumorigenic MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. In contrast, AhR agonist and procarcinogen benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolite, 1,6-benzo[a]pyrene quinone, induced oxidative DNA damage and ROS formation, respectively, in MCF-10A cells. In sensitive breast cancer cells, 5F 203 activated ROS-responsive kinases: c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38). AhR antagonists (alpha-naphthoflavone, CH223191) or antioxidants (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, EUK-134) attenuated 5F 203-mediated JNK and p38 activation, depending on the cell type. Pharmacological inhibition of AhR, JNK, or p38 attenuated 5F 203-mediated increases in intracellular ROS, apoptosis, and single-strand break formation. 5F 203 induced the expression of cytoglobin, an oxidative stress-responsive gene and a putative tumor suppressor, which was diminished with AhR, JNK, or p38 inhibition. Additionally, 5F 203-mediated increases in ROS production and cytoglobin were suppressed in AHR100 cells (AhR ligand-unresponsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells). Our data demonstrate 5F 203 induces ROS-mediated DNA damage at least in part via AhR, JNK, or p38 activation and modulates the expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes such as cytoglobin to confer its anticancer action.

Purpose: The agricultural sector has an essential role in developing the economy of Indonesia (food, feed, raw materials for industry, contributor to gross domestic product, and labor absorption). For decades, this business field has survived (positive economic growth, while most of the business field faces contraction) during the country's economic shock (financial crisis, economic setback, and pandemic situation). Thus, this study aims to measure Indonesia's agricultural sector's resilience and trends. Research Method: Secondary data have been collected from various sources: The UN Comtrade, World Bank, Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Bank Indonesia, and Investing Coordinating Board of Indonesia. Moreover, principal component analysis is used to determine the index of agricultural sector resilience in Indonesia, while trend analysis is employed to investigate the development of the resilience index from time to time. Findings: The resilience of the agricultural sector varies from time to time. However, it is statistically proven (a = 1%) that resilience tends to increase over the last twelve years. Research Limitations: The variables to determine the agricultural sector resilience in Indonesia consist of trade balance, agricultural terms of trade, total investment, government spending in the agricultural sector, total credit, agricultural workers' income, and percentage of agricultural workers to total workers. It is suggested that the future study, employed non-agricultural parameters such as environmental conditions and research and development budget to capture a more comprehensive situation on agricultural sector resilience. Originality/ Value: This study contributes to the renewal of the literature on the resilience of the agricultural sector. Moreover, the variables used to represent the parameters of agricultural development in Indonesia may be applied in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]