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1. QUEST-DMC: Background Modelling and Resulting Heat Deposit for a Superfluid Helium-3 Bolometer

Author: Autti, S., Casey, A., Eng, N., Darvishi, N., Franchini, P., Haley, R. P., Heikkinen, P. J., Kemp, A., Leason, E., Levitin, L. V., Monroe, J., March-Russel, J., Noble, M. T., Prance, J. R., Rojas, X., Salmon, T., Saunders, J., Smith, R., Thompson, M. D., Tsepelin, V., West, S. M., Whitehead, L., Zhang, K., and Zmeev, D. E.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the results of radioactivity assays and heat leak calculations for a range of common cryogenic materials, considered for use in the QUEST-DMC superfluid 3He dark matter detector. The bolometer, instrumented with nanomechanical resonators, will be sensitive to energy deposits from dark matter interactions. Events from radioactive decays and cosmic rays constitute a significant background and must be precisely modelled, using a combination of material screening and Monte Carlo simulations. However, the results presented here are of wider interest for experiments and quantum devices sensitive to minute heat leaks and spurious events, thus we present heat leak per unit mass or surface area for every material studied. This can inform material choices for other experiments, especially if underground operation is considered where the radiogenic backgrounds will dominate even at shallow depths.
Published: 2024
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2. QUEST-DMC superfluid $^3$He detector for sub-GeV dark matter

Author: Autti, S., Casey, A., Eng, N., Darvishi, N., Franchini, P., Haley, R. P., Heikkinen, P. J., Jennings, A., Kemp, A., Leason, E., Levitin, L. V., Monroe, J., March-Russel, J., Noble, M. T., Prance, J. R., Rojas, X., Salmon, T., Saunders, J., Smith, R., Thompson, M. D., Tsepelin, V., West, S. M., Whitehead, L., Zavjalov, V. V., and Zmeev, D. E.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The focus of dark matter searches to date has been on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the GeV/$c^2$-TeV/$c^2$ mass range. The direct, indirect and collider searches in this mass range have been extensive but ultimately unsuccessful, providing a strong motivation for widening the search outside this range. Here we describe a new concept for a dark matter experiment, employing superfluid $^3$He as a detector for dark matter that is close to the mass of the proton, of order 1 GeV/$c^2$. The QUEST-DMC detector concept is based on quasiparticle detection in a bolometer cell by a nanomechanical resonator. In this paper we develop the energy measurement methodology and detector response model, simulate candidate dark matter signals and expected background interactions, and calculate the sensitivity of such a detector. We project that such a detector can reach sub-eV nuclear recoil energy threshold, opening up new windows on the parameter space of both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions of light dark matter candidates., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Published in EPJ-C
Published: 2023
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3. Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experiments

Author: Campbell, J. M., Diefenthaler, M., Hobbs, T. J., Höche, S., Isaacson, J., Kling, F., Mrenna, S., Reuter, J., Alioli, S., Andersen, J. R., Andreopoulos, C., Ankowski, A. M., Aschenauer, E. C., Ashkenazi, A., Baker, M. D., Barrow, J. L., van Beekveld, M., Bewick, G., Bhattacharya, S., Bierlich, C., Bothmann, E., Bredt, P., Broggio, A., Buckley, A., Butter, A., Butterworth, J. M., Byrne, E. P., Calame, C. M. Carloni, Chakraborty, S., Chen, X., Chiesa, M., Childers, J. T., Cruz-Martinez, J., Currie, J., Darvishi, N., Dasgupta, M., Denner, A., Dreyer, F. A., Dytman, S., El-Menoufi, B. K., Engel, T., Ravasio, S. Ferrario, Figueroa, D., Flower, L., Forshaw, J. R., Frederix, R., Friedland, A., Frixione, S., Gallagher, H., Gallmeister, K., Gardiner, S., Gauld, R., Gaunt, J., Gavardi, A., Gehrmann, T., Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De, Gellersen, L., Giele, W., Gieseke, S., Giuli, F., Glover, E. W. N., Grazzini, M., Grohsjean, A., Gütschow, C., Hamilton, K., Han, T., Hatcher, R., Heinrich, G., Helenius, I., Hen, O., Hirschi, V., Höfer, M., Holguin, J., Huss, A., Ilten, P., Jadach, S., Jentsch, A., Jones, S. P., Ju, W., Kallweit, S., Karlberg, A., Katori, T., Kerner, M., Kilian, W., Kirchgaeßer, M. M., Klein, S., Knobbe, M., Krause, C., Krauss, F., Lang, J., Lang, J. -N., Lee, G., Li, S. W., Lim, M. A., Lindert, J. M., Lombardi, D., Lönnblad, L., Löschner, M., Lurkin, N., Ma, Y., Machado, P., Magerya, V., Maier, A., Majer, I., Maltoni, F., Marcoli, M., Marinelli, G., Masouminia, M. R., Mastrolia, P., Mattelaer, O., Mazzitelli, J., McFayden, J., Medves, R., Meinzinger, P., Mo, J., Monni, P. F., Montagna, G., Morgan, T., Mosel, U., Nachman, B., Nadolsky, P., Nagar, R., Nagy, Z., Napoletano, D., Nason, P., Neumann, T., Nevay, L. J., Nicrosini, O., Niehues, J., Niewczas, K., Ohl, T., Ossola, G., Pandey, V., Papadopoulou, A., Papaefstathiou, A., Paz, G., Pellen, M., Pelliccioli, G., Peraro, T., Piccinini, F., Pickering, L., Pires, J., Płaczek, W., Plätzer, S., Plehn, T., Pozzorini, S., Prestel, S., Preuss, C. T., Price, A. C., Quackenbush, S., Re, E., Reichelt, D., Reina, L., Reuschle, C., Richardson, P., Rocco, M., Rocco, N., Roda, M., Garcia, A. Rodriguez, Roiser, S., Rojo, J., Rottoli, L., Salam, G. P., Schönherr, M., Schuchmann, S., Schumann, S., Schürmann, R., Scyboz, L., Seymour, M. H., Siegert, F., Signer, A., Chahal, G. Singh, Siódmok, A., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Smillie, J. M., Sobczyk, J. T., Soldin, D., Soper, D. E., Soto-Ontoso, A., Soyez, G., Stagnitto, G., Tena-Vidal, J., Tomalak, O., Tramontano, F., Trojanowski, S., Tu, Z., Uccirati, S., Ullrich, T., Ulrich, Y., Utheim, M., Valassi, A., Verbytskyi, A., Verheyen, R., Wagman, M., Walker, D., Webber, B. R., Weinstein, L., White, O., Whitehead, J., Wiesemann, M., Wilkinson, C., Williams, C., Winterhalder, R., Wret, C., Xie, K., Yang, T-Z., Yazgan, E., Zanderighi, G., Zanoli, S., and Zapp, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments., Comment: 164 pages, 10 figures, contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

4. Signature of the Maximally Symmetric 2HDM via $W^{\pm}/Z$-Quadruplet Productions at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N. and Masouminia, M. R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We consider the Maximally Symmetric Two-Higgs Doublet Model (MS-2HDM) in which the so-called Standard Model (SM) alignment can be achieved naturally by the virtue of an SO(5) symmetry imposed on the 2HDM. We investigate the signature of the MS-2HDM via $p p \to HX \to VV^* X$ and $p p \to HHX \to VV^*V'V'^* X$ processes at the LHC for different values of $\tan \beta$. We perform our calculations with NLO QCD accuracy, using the \textsf{Herwig~7} multi-purpose event generator at $\sqrt{s}=13$~TeV center-of-mass energy. We show that the production of single SM-like Higgs bosons via $W^{\pm}/Z$-pairs is completely aligned with the SM. Interestingly, the presence of the heavy Higgs states significantly enhances the cross-section for the $W^{\pm}/Z$-quadruplet production channels in the low-$p_{\perp}$ regions. These vital analyses may aid the future discovery of this minimal and very predictive extension of the SM and can be generalised to other realisations of the 2HDM., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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5. $k_t$-factorization vs collinear factorization in $W^{+}W^{-}$ pair production at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N., Masouminia, M. R., and Ostrolenk, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: In this paper, we calculate the inclusive rate of $W^{+} W^{-}$ pair production through leptonic decay channels $W^+W^- \to l^+\nu_l + l^{\prime -} \nu_{l'}$ in the $k_t$-factorization framework. We also consider the exclusive $W^{+} W^{-}$ pair production through the one-loop induced $gg \to H \to W^+W^-$ channel that is important for the study of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are compared with predictions from the Herwig 7 event generator in the collinear factorization framework and with the experimental data from the ATLAS and the CMS collaborations. It will be shown that our predictions for the $W^+W^-$ boson pair production signals are in agreement with the experimental data as well as the collinear results., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2019
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6. Event generators for high-energy physics experiments

Author: Campbell, J, Diefenthaler, M, Hobbs, T, Hoche, S, Isaacson, J, Kling, F, Mrenna, S, Reuter, J, Alioli, S, Andersen, J, Andreopoulos, C, Ankowski, A, Aschenauer, E, Ashkenazi, A, Baker, M, Barrow, J, van Beekveld, M, Bewick, G, Bhattacharya, S, Bierlich, C, Bothmann, E, Bredt, P, Broggio, A, Buckley, A, Butter, A, Butterworth, J, Byrne, E, Calame, C, Chakraborty, S, Chen, X, Chiesa, M, Childers, J, Cruz-Martinez, J, Currie, J, Darvishi, N, Dasgupta, M, Denner, A, Dreyer, F, Dytman, S, El-Menoufi, B, Engel, T, Ravasio, S, Figueroa, D, Flower, L, Forshaw, J, Frederix, R, Friedland, A, Frixione, S, Gallagher, H, Gallmeister, K, Gardiner, S, Gauld, R, Gaunt, J, Gavardi, A, Gehrmann, T, De Ridder, A, Gellersen, L, Giele, W, Gieseke, S, Giuli, F, Glover, E, Grazzini, M, Grohsjean, A, Gutschow, C, Hamilton, K, Han, T, Hatcher, R, Heinrich, G, Helenius, I, Hen, O, Hirschi, V, Hofer, M, Holguin, J, Huss, A, Ilten, P, Jadach, S, Jentsch, A, Jones, S, Ju, W, Kallweit, S, Karlberg, A, Katori, T, Kerner, M, Kilian, W, Kirchgaesser, M, Klein, S, Knobbe, M, Krause, C, Krauss, F, Lang, J, Lee, G, Li, S, Lim, M, Lindert, J, Lombardi, D, Lonnblad, L, Loschner, M, Lurkin, N, Ma, Y, Machado, P, Magerya, V, Maier, A, Majer, I, Maltoni, F, Marcoli, M, Marinelli, G, Masouminia, M, Mastrolia, P, Mattelaer, O, Mazzitelli, J, Mcfayden, J, Medves, R, Meinzinger, P, Mo, J, Monni, P, Montagna, G, Morgan, T, Mosel, U, Nachman, B, Nadolsky, P, Nagar, R, Nagy, Z, Napoletano, D, Nason, P, Neumann, T, Nevay, L, Nicrosini, O, Niehues, J, Niewczas, K, Ohl, T, Ossola, G, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Papaefstathiou, A, Paz, G, Pellen, M, Pelliccioli, G, Peraro, T, Piccinini, F, Pickering, L, Pires, J, Placzek, W, Platzer, S, Plehn, T, Pozzorini, S, Prestel, S, Preuss, C, Price, A, Quackenbush, S, Re, E, Reichelt, D, Reina, L, Reuschle, C, Richardson, P, Rocco, M, Rocco, N, Roda, M, Garcia, A, Roiser, S, Rojo, J, Rottoli, L, Salam, G, Schonherr, M, Schuchmann, S, Schumann, S, Schurmann, R, Scyboz, L, Seymour, M, Siegert, F, Signer, A, Chahal, G, Siodmok, A, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smillie, J, Sobczyk, J, Soldin, D, Soper, D, Soto-Ontoso, A, Soyez, G, Stagnitto, G, Tena-Vidal, J, Tomalak, O, Tramontano, F, Trojanowski, S, Tu, Z, Uccirati, S, Ullrich, T, Ulrich, Y, Utheim, M, Valassi, A, Verbytskyi, A, Verheyen, R, Wagman, M, Walker, D, Webber, B, Weinstein, L, White, O, Whitehead, J, Wiesemann, M, Wilkinson, C, Williams, C, Winterhalder, R, Wret, C, Xie, K, Yang, T, Yazgan, E, Zanderighi, G, Zanoli, S, Zapp, K, Campbell J. M., Diefenthaler M., Hobbs T. J., Hoche S., Isaacson J., Kling F., Mrenna S., Reuter J., Alioli S., Andersen J. R., Andreopoulos C., Ankowski A. M., Aschenauer E. C., Ashkenazi A., Baker M. D., Barrow J. L., van Beekveld M., Bewick G., Bhattacharya S., Bierlich C., Bothmann E., Bredt P., Broggio A., Buckley A., Butter A., Butterworth J. M., Byrne E. P., Calame C. M. C., Chakraborty S., Chen X., Chiesa M., Childers J. T., Cruz-Martinez J., Currie J., Darvishi N., Dasgupta M., Denner A., Dreyer F. A., Dytman S., El-Menoufi B. K., Engel T., Ravasio S. F., Figueroa D., Flower L., Forshaw J. R., Frederix R., Friedland A., Frixione S., Gallagher H., Gallmeister K., Gardiner S., Gauld R., Gaunt J., Gavardi A., Gehrmann T., De Ridder A. G., Gellersen L., Giele W., Gieseke S., Giuli F., Glover E. W. N., Grazzini M., Grohsjean A., Gutschow C., Hamilton K., Han T., Hatcher R., Heinrich G., Helenius I., Hen O., Hirschi V., Hofer M., Holguin J., Huss A., Ilten P., Jadach S., Jentsch A., Jones S. P., Ju W., Kallweit S., Karlberg A., Katori T., Kerner M., Kilian W., Kirchgaesser M. M., Klein S., Knobbe M., Krause C., Krauss F., Lang J., Lang J. -N., Lee G., Li S. W., Lim M. A., Lindert J. M., Lombardi D., Lonnblad L., Loschner M., Lurkin N., Ma Y., Machado P., Magerya V., Maier A., Majer I., Maltoni F., Marcoli M., Marinelli G., Masouminia M. R., Mastrolia P., Mattelaer O., Mazzitelli J., McFayden J., Medves R., Meinzinger P., Mo J., Monni P. F., Montagna G., Morgan T., Mosel U., Nachman B., Nadolsky P., Nagar R., Nagy Z., Napoletano D., Nason P., Neumann T., Nevay L. J., Nicrosini O., Niehues J., Niewczas K., Ohl T., Ossola G., Pandey V., Papadopoulou A., Papaefstathiou A., Paz G., Pellen M., Pelliccioli G., Peraro T., Piccinini F., Pickering L., Pires J., Placzek W., Platzer S., Plehn T., Pozzorini S., Prestel S., Preuss C. T., Price A. C., Quackenbush S., Re E., Reichelt D., Reina L., Reuschle C., Richardson P., Rocco M., Rocco N., Roda M., Garcia A. R., Roiser S., Rojo J., Rottoli L., Salam G. P., Schonherr M., Schuchmann S., Schumann S., Schurmann R., Scyboz L., Seymour M. H., Siegert F., Signer A., Chahal G. S., Siodmok A., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Smillie J. M., Sobczyk J. T., Soldin D., Soper D. E., Soto-Ontoso A., Soyez G., Stagnitto G., Tena-Vidal J., Tomalak O., Tramontano F., Trojanowski S., Tu Z., Uccirati S., Ullrich T., Ulrich Y., Utheim M., Valassi A., Verbytskyi A., Verheyen R., Wagman M., Walker D., Webber B. R., Weinstein L., White O., Whitehead J., Wiesemann M., Wilkinson C., Williams C., Winterhalder R., Wret C., Xie K., Yang T. -Z., Yazgan E., Zanderighi G., Zanoli S., Zapp K., Campbell, J, Diefenthaler, M, Hobbs, T, Hoche, S, Isaacson, J, Kling, F, Mrenna, S, Reuter, J, Alioli, S, Andersen, J, Andreopoulos, C, Ankowski, A, Aschenauer, E, Ashkenazi, A, Baker, M, Barrow, J, van Beekveld, M, Bewick, G, Bhattacharya, S, Bierlich, C, Bothmann, E, Bredt, P, Broggio, A, Buckley, A, Butter, A, Butterworth, J, Byrne, E, Calame, C, Chakraborty, S, Chen, X, Chiesa, M, Childers, J, Cruz-Martinez, J, Currie, J, Darvishi, N, Dasgupta, M, Denner, A, Dreyer, F, Dytman, S, El-Menoufi, B, Engel, T, Ravasio, S, Figueroa, D, Flower, L, Forshaw, J, Frederix, R, Friedland, A, Frixione, S, Gallagher, H, Gallmeister, K, Gardiner, S, Gauld, R, Gaunt, J, Gavardi, A, Gehrmann, T, De Ridder, A, Gellersen, L, Giele, W, Gieseke, S, Giuli, F, Glover, E, Grazzini, M, Grohsjean, A, Gutschow, C, Hamilton, K, Han, T, Hatcher, R, Heinrich, G, Helenius, I, Hen, O, Hirschi, V, Hofer, M, Holguin, J, Huss, A, Ilten, P, Jadach, S, Jentsch, A, Jones, S, Ju, W, Kallweit, S, Karlberg, A, Katori, T, Kerner, M, Kilian, W, Kirchgaesser, M, Klein, S, Knobbe, M, Krause, C, Krauss, F, Lang, J, Lee, G, Li, S, Lim, M, Lindert, J, Lombardi, D, Lonnblad, L, Loschner, M, Lurkin, N, Ma, Y, Machado, P, Magerya, V, Maier, A, Majer, I, Maltoni, F, Marcoli, M, Marinelli, G, Masouminia, M, Mastrolia, P, Mattelaer, O, Mazzitelli, J, Mcfayden, J, Medves, R, Meinzinger, P, Mo, J, Monni, P, Montagna, G, Morgan, T, Mosel, U, Nachman, B, Nadolsky, P, Nagar, R, Nagy, Z, Napoletano, D, Nason, P, Neumann, T, Nevay, L, Nicrosini, O, Niehues, J, Niewczas, K, Ohl, T, Ossola, G, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Papaefstathiou, A, Paz, G, Pellen, M, Pelliccioli, G, Peraro, T, Piccinini, F, Pickering, L, Pires, J, Placzek, W, Platzer, S, Plehn, T, Pozzorini, S, Prestel, S, Preuss, C, Price, A, Quackenbush, S, Re, E, Reichelt, D, Reina, L, Reuschle, C, Richardson, P, Rocco, M, Rocco, N, Roda, M, Garcia, A, Roiser, S, Rojo, J, Rottoli, L, Salam, G, Schonherr, M, Schuchmann, S, Schumann, S, Schurmann, R, Scyboz, L, Seymour, M, Siegert, F, Signer, A, Chahal, G, Siodmok, A, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smillie, J, Sobczyk, J, Soldin, D, Soper, D, Soto-Ontoso, A, Soyez, G, Stagnitto, G, Tena-Vidal, J, Tomalak, O, Tramontano, F, Trojanowski, S, Tu, Z, Uccirati, S, Ullrich, T, Ulrich, Y, Utheim, M, Valassi, A, Verbytskyi, A, Verheyen, R, Wagman, M, Walker, D, Webber, B, Weinstein, L, White, O, Whitehead, J, Wiesemann, M, Wilkinson, C, Williams, C, Winterhalder, R, Wret, C, Xie, K, Yang, T, Yazgan, E, Zanderighi, G, Zanoli, S, Zapp, K, Campbell J. M., Diefenthaler M., Hobbs T. J., Hoche S., Isaacson J., Kling F., Mrenna S., Reuter J., Alioli S., Andersen J. R., Andreopoulos C., Ankowski A. M., Aschenauer E. C., Ashkenazi A., Baker M. D., Barrow J. L., van Beekveld M., Bewick G., Bhattacharya S., Bierlich C., Bothmann E., Bredt P., Broggio A., Buckley A., Butter A., Butterworth J. M., Byrne E. P., Calame C. M. C., Chakraborty S., Chen X., Chiesa M., Childers J. T., Cruz-Martinez J., Currie J., Darvishi N., Dasgupta M., Denner A., Dreyer F. A., Dytman S., El-Menoufi B. K., Engel T., Ravasio S. F., Figueroa D., Flower L., Forshaw J. R., Frederix R., Friedland A., Frixione S., Gallagher H., Gallmeister K., Gardiner S., Gauld R., Gaunt J., Gavardi A., Gehrmann T., De Ridder A. G., Gellersen L., Giele W., Gieseke S., Giuli F., Glover E. W. N., Grazzini M., Grohsjean A., Gutschow C., Hamilton K., Han T., Hatcher R., Heinrich G., Helenius I., Hen O., Hirschi V., Hofer M., Holguin J., Huss A., Ilten P., Jadach S., Jentsch A., Jones S. P., Ju W., Kallweit S., Karlberg A., Katori T., Kerner M., Kilian W., Kirchgaesser M. M., Klein S., Knobbe M., Krause C., Krauss F., Lang J., Lang J. -N., Lee G., Li S. W., Lim M. A., Lindert J. M., Lombardi D., Lonnblad L., Loschner M., Lurkin N., Ma Y., Machado P., Magerya V., Maier A., Majer I., Maltoni F., Marcoli M., Marinelli G., Masouminia M. R., Mastrolia P., Mattelaer O., Mazzitelli J., McFayden J., Medves R., Meinzinger P., Mo J., Monni P. F., Montagna G., Morgan T., Mosel U., Nachman B., Nadolsky P., Nagar R., Nagy Z., Napoletano D., Nason P., Neumann T., Nevay L. J., Nicrosini O., Niehues J., Niewczas K., Ohl T., Ossola G., Pandey V., Papadopoulou A., Papaefstathiou A., Paz G., Pellen M., Pelliccioli G., Peraro T., Piccinini F., Pickering L., Pires J., Placzek W., Platzer S., Plehn T., Pozzorini S., Prestel S., Preuss C. T., Price A. C., Quackenbush S., Re E., Reichelt D., Reina L., Reuschle C., Richardson P., Rocco M., Rocco N., Roda M., Garcia A. R., Roiser S., Rojo J., Rottoli L., Salam G. P., Schonherr M., Schuchmann S., Schumann S., Schurmann R., Scyboz L., Seymour M. H., Siegert F., Signer A., Chahal G. S., Siodmok A., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Smillie J. M., Sobczyk J. T., Soldin D., Soper D. E., Soto-Ontoso A., Soyez G., Stagnitto G., Tena-Vidal J., Tomalak O., Tramontano F., Trojanowski S., Tu Z., Uccirati S., Ullrich T., Ulrich Y., Utheim M., Valassi A., Verbytskyi A., Verheyen R., Wagman M., Walker D., Webber B. R., Weinstein L., White O., Whitehead J., Wiesemann M., Wilkinson C., Williams C., Winterhalder R., Wret C., Xie K., Yang T. -Z., Yazgan E., Zanderighi G., Zanoli S., and Zapp K.
Abstract: We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments.
Published: 2024

7. Event generators for high-energy physics experiments

Author: Campbell, J. M., primary, Diefenthaler, M., additional, Hobbs, T. J., additional, Höche, Stefan, additional, Isaacson, Joshua, additional, Kling, Felix, additional, Mrenna, Stephen, additional, Reuter, J., additional, Alioli, S., additional, Andersen, J. R., additional, Andreopoulos, C., additional, Ankowski, A. M., additional, Aschenauer, Elke Caroline, additional, Ashkenazi, A., additional, Baker, M. D., additional, Barrow, Joshua L., additional, van Beekveld, Melissa, additional, Bewick, Gavin, additional, Bhattacharya, S., additional, Bierlich, Christian, additional, Bothmann, Enrico, additional, Bredt, P., additional, Broggio, A., additional, Buckley, Andy, additional, Butter, A., additional, Butterworth, Jonathan Mark, additional, Byrne, E. P., additional, Carloni-Calame, Carlo, additional, Chakraborty, Smita, additional, Chen, X., additional, Chiesa, M., additional, Childers, J. T., additional, Cruz-Martinez, J., additional, Currie, J., additional, Darvishi, N., additional, Dasgupta, M., additional, Denner, A., additional, Dreyer, F. A., additional, Dytman, S., additional, El-Menoufi, Basem Kamal, additional, Engel, Tim, additional, Ferrario Ravasio, Silvia, additional, Figueroa, Daniel, additional, Flower, L., additional, Forshaw, J. R., additional, Frederix, Rikkert, additional, Friedland, Alex, additional, Frixione, Stefano, additional, Gallagher, H., additional, Gallmeister, K., additional, Gardiner, Simon, additional, Gauld, Rhorry, additional, Gaunt, Jonathan, additional, Gavardi, A., additional, Gehrmann, T., additional, Gehrmann-De Ridder, Aude, additional, Gellersen, Leif, additional, Giele, Walter, additional, Gieseke, Stefan, additional, Giuli, Francesco, additional, Glover, E. W. N., additional, Grazzini, Massimiliano, additional, Grohsjean, A., additional, Gütschow, Christian, additional, Hamilton, Keith, additional, Han, T., additional, Hatcher, R., additional, Heinrich, G., additional, Helenius, Ilkka, additional, Hen, O., additional, Hirschi, Valentin, additional, Höfer, M., additional, Holguin, J., additional, Huss, Alexander, additional, Ilten, Philip, additional, Jadach, Stanislaw, additional, Jentsch, A., additional, Jones, S. P., additional, Ju, W., additional, Kallweit, Stefan, additional, Karlberg, Alexander, additional, Katori, T., additional, Kerner, Matthias, additional, Kilian, C., additional, Kirchgaeßer, M. M., additional, Klein, S., additional, Knobbe, Max, additional, Krause, Claudius, additional, Krauss, Frank, additional, Lang, J., additional, Lang, J.-N, additional, Lee, G., additional, Li, S. W., additional, Lim, M. A., additional, Lindert, J. M., additional, Lombardi, D., additional, Lönnblad, Leif, additional, Löschner, M., additional, Lurkin, N., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Machado, P., additional, Magerya, Vitaly, additional, Maier, A., additional, Majer, I., additional, Maltoni, Fabio, additional, Marcoli, M., additional, Marinelli, G., additional, Masouminia, M. R., additional, Mastrolia, Pierpaolo, additional, Mattelaer, Olivier, additional, Mazzitelli, J., additional, McFayden, Josh, additional, Medves, Rok, additional, Meinzinger, P., additional, Mo, J., additional, Monni, Pier Francesco, additional, Montagna, Guido, additional, Morgan, T., additional, Mosel, U., additional, Nachman, Benjamin, additional, Nadolsky, Pavel, additional, Nagar, R., additional, Nagy, Zoltan, additional, Napoletano, Davide, additional, Nason, Paolo, additional, Neumann, Tobias, additional, Nevay, L. J., additional, Nicrosini, Oreste, additional, Niehues, J., additional, Niewczas, K., additional, Ohl, Thorsten, additional, Ossola, Giovanni, additional, Pandey, V., additional, Papadopoulou, A., additional, Papaefstathiou, Andreas, additional, Paz, Gil, additional, Pellen, Mathieu, additional, Pelliccioli, Giovanni, additional, Peraro, T., additional, Piccinini, Fluvio, additional, Pickering, L., additional, Pires, J., additional, Placzek, Wieslaw, additional, Plätzer, Simon, additional, Plehn, Tilman, additional, Pozzorini, Stefano, additional, Prestel, Stefan, additional, Preuss, Christian Tobias, additional, Price, A. C., additional, Quackenbush, Seth, additional, Re, Emanuele, additional, Reichelt, Daniel, additional, Reina, Laura, additional, Reuschle, Christian, additional, Richardson, Peter, additional, Rocco, M., additional, Rocco, N., additional, Roda, M., additional, Rodriguez Garcia, A., additional, Roiser, Stefan, additional, Rojo, Juan, additional, Rottoli, Luca, additional, Salam, Gavin P., additional, Schönherr, Marek, additional, Schuchmann, S., additional, Schumann, Steffen, additional, Schürmann, Robin, additional, Scyboz, Ludovic, additional, Seymour, Michael H., additional, Siegert, Frank, additional, Signer, Adrian, additional, Chahal, Gurpreet Singh, additional, Siódmok, Andrzej, additional, Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, additional, Skands, Peter, additional, Smillie, Jennifer M., additional, Sobczyk, J. T., additional, Soldin, Dennis, additional, Soper, D. E., additional, Soto-Ontoso, Alba, additional, Soyez, Gregory, additional, Stagnitto, Giovanni, additional, Tena-Vidal, J., additional, Tomalak, O., additional, Tramontano, Francesco, additional, Trojanowski, Sebastian, additional, Tu, Z., additional, Uccirati, Sandro, additional, Ullrich, T., additional, Ulrich, Yannick, additional, Utheim, Marius, additional, Valassi, A., additional, Verbytskyi, Andrii, additional, Verheyen, Rob, additional, Wagman, M., additional, Walker, D., additional, Webber, B. R., additional, Weinstein, L., additional, White, O., additional, Whitehead, James, additional, Wiesemann, Marius, additional, Wilkinson, C., additional, Williams, C., additional, Winterhalder, Ramon, additional, Wret, C., additional, Xie, K., additional, Yang, T.-Z., additional, Yazgan, E., additional, Zanderighi, Giulia, additional, Zanoli, S., additional, and Zapp, Korinna, additional
Published: 2024
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8. QUEST-DMC: Background Modelling and Resulting Heat Deposit for a Superfluid Helium-3 Bolometer

Author: Autti, S., primary, Casey, A., additional, Eng, N., additional, Darvishi, N., additional, Franchini, P., additional, Haley, R. P., additional, Heikkinen, P. J., additional, Kemp, A., additional, Leason, E., additional, Levitin, L. V., additional, Monroe, J., additional, March-Russel, J., additional, Noble, M. T., additional, Prance, J. R., additional, Rojas, X., additional, Salmon, T., additional, Saunders, J., additional, Smith, R., additional, Thompson, M. D., additional, Tsepelin, V., additional, West, S. M., additional, Whitehead, L., additional, Zhang, K., additional, and Zmeev, D. E., additional
Published: 2024
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9. QUEST-DMC superfluid 3He detector for sub-GeV dark matter.

Author: Autti, S., Casey, A., Eng, N., Darvishi, N., Franchini, P., Haley, R. P., Heikkinen, P. J., Jennings, A., Kemp, A., Leason, E., Levitin, L. V., Monroe, J., March-Russel, J., Noble, M. T., Prance, J. R., Rojas, X., Salmon, T., Saunders, J., Smith, R., and Thompson, M. D.
Abstract: The focus of dark matter searches to date has been on Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the GeV/ c 2 -TeV/ c 2 mass range. The direct, indirect and collider searches in this mass range have been extensive but ultimately unsuccessful, providing a strong motivation for widening the search outside this range. Here we describe a new concept for a dark matter experiment, employing superfluid 3 He as a detector for dark matter that is close to the mass of the proton, of order 1 GeV/ c 2 . The QUEST-DMC detector concept is based on quasiparticle detection in a bolometer cell by a nanomechanical resonator. In this paper we develop the energy measurement methodology and detector response model, simulate candidate dark matter signals and expected background interactions, and calculate the sensitivity of such a detector. We project that such a detector can reach sub-eV nuclear recoil energy threshold, opening up new windows on the parameter space of both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions of light dark matter candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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10. The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC

Author: Feng, JL, Feng, JL, Kling, F, Reno, MH, Rojo, J, Soldin, D, Anchordoqui, LA, Boyd, J, Ismail, A, Harland-Lang, L, Kelly, KJ, Pandey, V, Trojanowski, S, Tsai, YD, Alameddine, JM, Araki, T, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Asai, K, Bacchetta, A, Balazs, K, Barr, AJ, Battistin, M, Bian, J, Bertone, C, Bai, W, Bakhti, P, Baha Balantekin, A, Barman, B, Batell, B, Bauer, M, Bauer, B, Becker, M, Berlin, A, Bertuzzo, E, Bhattacharya, A, Bonvini, M, Boogert, ST, Boyarsky, A, Bramante, J, Brdar, V, Carmona, A, Casper, DW, Celiberto, FG, Cerutti, F, Chachamis, G, Chauhan, G, Citron, M, Copello, E, Corso, JP, Darmé, L, D'Agnolo, RT, Darvishi, N, Das, A, De Lellis, G, De Roeck, A, De Vries, J, Dembinski, HP, Demidov, S, Deniverville, P, Denton, PB, Deppisch, FF, Bhupal Dev, PS, Di Crescenzo, A, Dienes, KR, Diwan, MV, Dreiner, HK, Du, Y, Dutta, B, Duwentäster, P, Elie, L, Ellis, SAR, Enberg, R, Farzan, Y, Fieg, M, Foguel, AL, Foldenauer, P, Foroughi-Abari, S, Fortin, JF, Friedland, A, Fuchs, E, Fucilla, M, Gallmeister, K, Garcia, A, Canal, CAG, Garzelli, MV, Gauld, R, Ghosh, S, Ghoshal, A, Gibson, S, Giuli, F, Gonçalves, VP, Gorbunov, D, Goswami, S, Grau, S, Günther, JY, Guzzi, M, Haas, A, Hakulinen, T, Harris, SP, Harz, J, Feng, JL, Feng, JL, Kling, F, Reno, MH, Rojo, J, Soldin, D, Anchordoqui, LA, Boyd, J, Ismail, A, Harland-Lang, L, Kelly, KJ, Pandey, V, Trojanowski, S, Tsai, YD, Alameddine, JM, Araki, T, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Asai, K, Bacchetta, A, Balazs, K, Barr, AJ, Battistin, M, Bian, J, Bertone, C, Bai, W, Bakhti, P, Baha Balantekin, A, Barman, B, Batell, B, Bauer, M, Bauer, B, Becker, M, Berlin, A, Bertuzzo, E, Bhattacharya, A, Bonvini, M, Boogert, ST, Boyarsky, A, Bramante, J, Brdar, V, Carmona, A, Casper, DW, Celiberto, FG, Cerutti, F, Chachamis, G, Chauhan, G, Citron, M, Copello, E, Corso, JP, Darmé, L, D'Agnolo, RT, Darvishi, N, Das, A, De Lellis, G, De Roeck, A, De Vries, J, Dembinski, HP, Demidov, S, Deniverville, P, Denton, PB, Deppisch, FF, Bhupal Dev, PS, Di Crescenzo, A, Dienes, KR, Diwan, MV, Dreiner, HK, Du, Y, Dutta, B, Duwentäster, P, Elie, L, Ellis, SAR, Enberg, R, Farzan, Y, Fieg, M, Foguel, AL, Foldenauer, P, Foroughi-Abari, S, Fortin, JF, Friedland, A, Fuchs, E, Fucilla, M, Gallmeister, K, Garcia, A, Canal, CAG, Garzelli, MV, Gauld, R, Ghosh, S, Ghoshal, A, Gibson, S, Giuli, F, Gonçalves, VP, Gorbunov, D, Goswami, S, Grau, S, Günther, JY, Guzzi, M, Haas, A, Hakulinen, T, Harris, SP, and Harz, J
Abstract: High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF's physics potential.
Published: 2023

11. Intravascular Hemolysis after Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning

Author: Arefi, M., Parsa, V. Allahyar, Yousefinejad, V., and Darvishi, N.
Published: 2013

12. Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines by race and ethnicity

Author: Salari, N., Vepa, A., Daneshkhah, A., Darvishi, N., Ghasemi, H., Khunti, K., and Mohammadi, M.
Published: 2022
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13. Signature of the maximally symmetric 2HDM via W±/Z -quadruplet productions at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N. and Masouminia, M. R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology
Abstract: We consider the maximally symmetric two-Higgs doublet model (MS-2HDM) in which the so-called Standard Model (SM) alignment can be achieved naturally by the virtue of an SO(5) symmetry imposed on the 2HDM. We investigate the signature of the MS-2HDM via pp→HX→VV*X and pp→HHX→VV*V′V′*X processes at the LHC for different values of tanβ. We perform our calculations with next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy, using the herwig7 multipurpose event generator at s=13 TeV center-of-mass energy. We show that the production of single SM-like Higgs bosons via W±/Z pairs is completely aligned with the SM. Interestingly, the presence of the heavy Higgs states significantly enhances the cross section for the W±/Z-quadruplet production channels in the low-p⊥ regions. These vital analyses may aid the future discovery of this minimal and very predictive extension of the SM and can be generalized to other realizations of the 2HDM.
Published: 2021

14. Signature of the maximally symmetric 2HDM via W±/Z -quadruplet productions at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N., primary and Masouminia, M. R., additional
Published: 2021
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15. kt factorization versus collinear factorization in W+W− pair production at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N., primary, Masouminia, M. R., additional, and Ostrolenk, K., additional
Published: 2020
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16. A phenomenological study on the production of Higgs bosons in the cSMCS model at the LHC

Author: Darvishi, N., primary and Masouminia, M.R., additional
Published: 2017
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17. Rolle der Chemoembolisation in der Behandlung von Lebemetastasen des Pankreas-CA

Author: L Zaric, W Kromen, Abolfazl Azizi, P Farshid, T. J. Vogl, A Darvishi N. Ebrahimi, and Emmanuel Mbalisike
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Published: 2011
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18. The Inert Doublet Model and Its Extensions

Author: Krawczyk, M., primary, Darvishi, N., additional, and Sokołowska, D., additional
Published: 2016
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19. Flood Hazard Zonation using the Fema Instructions Case Kurdan Alluvial Fan

Author: Darvishi N, Feiznia S, primary
Published: 2015
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20. Rolle der Chemoembolisation in der Behandlung von Lebemetastasen des Pankreas-CA

Author: Azizi, A, primary, Mbalisike, E, additional, Farshid, P, additional, Kromen, W, additional, Darvishi N. Ebrahimi, A, additional, Zaric, L, additional, and Vogl, TJ, additional
Published: 2011
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21. Evaluation of the pre-emptive effect of acetaminophen codeine on the pain after liver biopsy

Author: Sharifian, A., Darvishi, N., Hasani, S., Asadi, B., fardin gharibi, and Allahvaysi, O.

22. The effect of nicorandil and glibenclamide on morphine-induced tolerance to the analgesic effect

Author: Habibi-Asl, B., Barati, A. H., Darvishi, N., Izadpanah, E., Mafakheri, M., and Kambiz Hassanzadeh

23. The prevalence of psychiatric distress and associated risk factors among college students using GHQ-28 questionnaire

Author: Poorolajal, J., Ali Ghaleiha, Darvishi, N., Daryaei, S., and Panahi, S.
Subjects: Suicide, Unsafe sex, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Smoking, Original Article, lcsh:RA1-1270, Mental disorders, Substance-related disorders
Abstract: Background: Adolescent and young adults are at increased risk of psychiatric distress and serious disability. We estimated the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychiatric distress among the college students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: We performed this cross-sectional study, from Jan to May 2016 at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Students filled out voluntarily an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, personal information, behavioral risk factors, and a validated Persian version of the GHQ-28 questionnaire, including somatic symptoms (items 1-7), anxiety/insomnia (items 8-14), social dysfunctions (items 15-21), and severe depression (items 22-28). Results: Of 1259 participants, 518 (41.1%) had psychiatric distress, 166 (13.2%) had heterosexual intercourse, 100 (8.0%) had homosexual intercourse, 204 (16.2%) were smokers (31.6% in males and 6.3% in females), 124 (9.9%) reported a history of using opium/psychedelic substances, 204 (16.2%) reported suicide thought, and 103 (8.2%) had attempted suicide at least once in the past. After adjusting odds ratio (95% CI) for age and sex, psychiatric distress were significantly associated with emotional breakdown 2.67 (2.09, 3.40), heterosexual intercourse 2.56 (1.82, 3.62), homosexual intercourse 2.42 (1.57, 3.71), smoking 3.19 (2.29, 4.45), substance abuse 5.03 (3.26, 7.76), suicide thought 7.81 (5.42, 11.27), suicide attempt 5.64 (3.49, 9.12), uninterested in the discipline 2.29 (1.70, 3.07), and non-optimistic about future 2.16 (1.63, 2.86). Conclusion: A majority of college students had psychiatric distress and a substantial number of them reported one or more high-risk behaviors that if neglected, may severely impair the students' function and influence their subsequent development and productive lives.

24. Effect of zinc sulphate on peptic ulcer disease

Author: Kambiz Yazdanpanah, Moghimi, N., Yousefinejad, V., Ghaderi, E., and Darvishi, N.

25. Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale (CADES): Persian translation and psychometric properties.

Author: Jalali A, Naghibzadeh A, Rostami M, Ahmadi Y, Khodamorovati M, Vatandost S, Darvishi N, and Moradi K
Subjects: Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Male, Iran, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Translating, Patient Participation, Power, Psychological, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Predictive Value of Tests, Adult, Cultural Characteristics, Coronary Artery Disease diagnosis, Coronary Artery Disease psychology, Psychometrics
Abstract: Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of global mortality and a prevalent health issue in Iran. Assessing the empowerment of CAD patients during treatment and care is essential. However, no scale is available to measure empowerment in CAD patients in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the "Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale" (CADES)., Method: This methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with CAD from June 2022 to April 2023 in Kermanshah City, Iran. The scale was translated using the forward-backward translation method. Construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with 190 samples and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 344 samples, both selected through convenience sampling. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method. SPSS version 27 and LISREL version 8 software were utilized for data analysis., Results: The EFA and CFA results confirmed the instrument with three factors and 25 items. The model's main indicators in factor analysis were all above 0.9, indicating a good fit for the model. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the items and subscales with the main scale showed a direct and significant relationship. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.813) and test-retest reliability (0.763) confirmed the reliability of the Persian version of the CADES., Discussion: The study's results suggest that the Persian version of CADES is both practical and acceptable for evaluating the empowerment of CAD patients. This tool can be relied upon as a valid and reliable method for assessing these patients' empowerment., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Written consent was obtained from the scale's developers, and the Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences approved the study, assigning it the ethical code: IR.KUMS.REC.1401.237. All participants provided informed written consent to participate in the study. The principles of the Helsinki Declaration were adhered to, and all methods were conducted according to the applicable guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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26. Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Nursing Student Competence Scale (NSCS).

Author: Jalali A, Chavoshani F, Rasad R, Darvishi N, Fashi FM, Khodamorovati M, and Moradi K
Abstract: Introduction: The competency of a nurse in integrating knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values in various healthcare areas depends on their ability to apply these elements. It is a basic indicator of performance in nursing, and its assessment is a necessity among nursing students., Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the nursing competence tool for Iranian nursing students in 2023., Methods: This is a methodological study in which the Nursing Student Competence Scale (NSCS) was translated into Persian using the forward-backward translation method. A total of 321 nursing students were selected for construct validity by the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (the first 190 nursing students) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by convenience sampling method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the internal consistency, and the test-retest method was used to check the instrument's reliability., Results: The results of EFA and CFA confirmed the instrument with six factors and 28 items. The results showed that the fit indices of the model in CFA included (CFI = .91, NNFI = .90, goodness of fit index = .83, root mean square error of approximation = .075, standardized root mean square residual = .047). Pearson's correlation coefficient between items and subscales showed a direct and significant relationship with the main scale. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.9) and test-retest (0.88) confirmed the reliability of the Persian version of (NSCS)., Conclusion: Generally, the Persian version of the NSCS with 28 items and six factors is a valid and reliable scale. This instrument has good internal consistency, validity, and reliability, which can be used to evaluate nursing students' competence in bachelor training., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)
Published: 2024
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27. Correction: The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Farhadi M, and Poorolajal J
Abstract: In the article titled "The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,"1 published as e00609 on June 1, 2024, in the Journal of Research in Health Sciences, corrections have been made to the author list and affiliations. The second affiliation of the first author, Nahid Darvishi, was omitted. The order of the corresponding author, Mehran Farhadi, has been changed from fourth to second. Additionally, the third author has withdrawn from the article due to personal reasons, prompting adjustments in the order of co-authors and their affiliations. These corrections have been applied to both the PDF and HTML versions of the article., (© 2024 The Author(s); Published by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)
Published: 2024
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28. Intensive care unit dignified care: Persian translation and psychometric evaluation.

Author: Jalali A, Darvishi N, Kalhory P, Merati F, Vatandost S, and Moradi K
Subjects: Humans, Iran, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Male, Adult, Translations, Translating, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Middle Aged, Psychometrics instrumentation, Intensive Care Units
Abstract: Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the 'Intensive Care Unit Dignified Care Questionnaire (IDCQ)' among Iranian nurses., Design: A methodological and psychometric study was conducted in 2022, involving nurses from six teaching hospitals in Kermanshah, Western Iran., Methods: The IDCQ was translated into Persian using a forward-backward translation method. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), employing a stratified sampling method with 455 critical care nurses. Internal consistency was gauged using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, while reliability was determined through the test-retest method. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 and Lisrel version 8 software., Results: EFA and CFA validated the instrument's two-factor, 17-item structure. The CFA indicated a well-fitting model with fit indices: CFI = 0.93, NNFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.861, RMSEA = 0.051 and SRMR = 0.046. Pearson's correlation coefficient substantiated a significant relationship between the items, subscales and the overall scale. The instrument's reliability was confirmed by a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.88 and a test-retest reliability of 0.86., Conclusion: The Persian version of the IDCQ, comprising two factors and 17 items, has been validated as a reliable and applicable tool for use within the Iranian nursing community., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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29. The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Farhadi M, and Poorolajal J
Subjects: Humans, Social Support methods, Social Support psychology, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Prevention methods, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Completed psychology, Suicide, Completed statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between social support and suicidal behaviors; however, the overall impact remains unclear. Therefore, a systematic assessment of the association between social support and suicide is necessary. Study Design: This is a systematic review study., Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until March 2023 and screened reference lists for relevant studies. Epidemiological studies that investigated the associations between social support and suicidal behaviors were included. Furthermore, between-study heterogeneity was investigated using I 2 statistics. In addition, the likelihood of publication bias was evaluated using the Begg and Egger tests, and a trim-and-fill analysis was conducted. The overall effect size was calculated as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model., Results: Out of the 21004 identified studies, 118 studies (involving 692266 participants) met the eligibility criteria. The analysis of data revealed a significant inverse association between social support and suicidal ideation (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.76-0.82), suicide plans (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.95), suicide attempts (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98), and suicide death (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96). Moreover, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies, but there was little concern regarding the presence of publication bias., Conclusion: Our meta-analysis provides clear evidence for a significant inverse association between social support and suicidal behaviors. However, the observational nature of the included studies and the significant heterogeneity observed across studies highlight the need for further research, including prospective studies and intervention trials, to explore the complex relationship between social support and suicidal behaviors., (© 2024 The Author(s); Published by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)
Published: 2024
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30. The global prevalence of E-cigarettes in youth: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Rahimi S, Darvishi N, Abdolmaleki A, and Mohammadi M
Abstract: Objectives: Smoking, especially cigarettes, is known as one of the most common social and health problems among people. E-cigarettes are another form of tobacco that has been an ordinary daily occurrence.Study Design: systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: Systematic searching of databases was performed in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, MagIran, IranDoc, SID and Google search engine based on the PRISMA 2020 guideline. This search was conducted by the end of May 2021. Following full-text assessments, the related data were extracted from the papers. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was also used to evaluate the quality of methodology of the articles. Finally, study analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2) based on the random effect model., Results: Global prevalence of E-cigarette in younger individuals was 16.8 (95 % CI: 10.6-25.6) and 4.8 (95 % CI: 3-7.6) in the Ever and Current modes of E-cigarette, respectively. We also found that E-cigarettes were used more common in young boys than young girls in both Ever and Current modes. In young boys, the prevalence of E-cigarette were 18.8 (95 % CI: 8.4-36.8) and 4.9 (95 % CI: 3-8) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively. In young girls, these factors were 9.9 (95 % CI: 5-18.6) and 1.6 (95 % CI: 1-3.1) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively., Conclusions: The global prevalence of e-cigarettes among young people, especially young boys, is increasing. Based on this, the prevention and management of the damage of this social phenomenon requires comprehensive global study, planning and policy., (© 2024 The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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31. The role of problem-solving skills in the prevention of suicidal behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Farhadi M, Azmi-Naei B, and Poorolajal J
Subjects: Humans, Psychotherapy, Odds Ratio, Publication Bias, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Attempted prevention & control
Abstract: Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors and elucidate the potential role of problem-solving skills in influencing the occurrence of suicidal behaviors., Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched until August 16, 2023. Studies addressing the associations between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors were included. The I2 statistics were used to examine between-study heterogeneity. The Begg and Egger tests were used to determine the possibility of publication bias. Using a random-effects model, the overall effect size was presented as an odds ratio (OR) or standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: Of 8040 identified studies, 29 (including 974,542 participants) were eligible. Based on observational studies, problem-solving skills were found to be inversely related to suicidal ideation (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.82); suicide attempts (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.89), and suicide death (OR = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03). The overall score of problem-solving skills was higher in those who did not attempt suicide than those who did (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI: 54, 1.13). Based on randomized clinical trials, problem-solving therapy was found to reduce the risk of suicide (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.87). Furthermore, the overall risk of suicide was lower among those who received problem-solving therapy than those who did not (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.25)., Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors. However, further research is needed to better understand the complex relationship between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Darvishi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2023
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32. General medication adherence scale in patients with chronic illnesses: Persian translation and psychometric evaluation.

Author: Jalali A, Mohammadi MM, Ghasemi H, Darvishi N, Khodamorovati M, and Moradi K
Abstract: Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of determining the validity and reliability of the Persian version of "General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS)" in chronic patients in Iran., Methodology: The study was conducted among patients with chronic diseases in five hospitals of Iran. In this study, after cultural validation, using the steps of Content, Response Reaction, and Internal structure evaluations, the research sample was increased to 150 individuals for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 313 chronic patients for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency, and test-retest method was used to evaluate the reliability of the tool., Findings: The results of EFA and CFA confirmed the tool with three factors and 11 items. The R 2 index in the above model was estimated at 0.99, indicating that 99% of the variation in medication adherence scores in research units was explained by GMAS with 11 items. The main indices of the model in factor analysis were all above 0.9, indicating a good fit for the model., Discussion: Overall, the study results showed that the Persian version of GMAS has acceptable and practical characteristics for evaluating medication adherence, and it can be used as a valid tool in various related fields., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Published: 2023
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33. The outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and their predictors during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic in Iran.

Author: Goodarzi A, Abdi A, Ghasemi H, Darvishi N, and Jalali R
Subjects: Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Female, Pandemics, Iran epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Epinephrine, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 therapy, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can negatively affect different healthcare-related outcomes. Nonetheless, there is limited information about its effects on different healthcare-related outcomes. This study aimed at evaluating the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and their predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1253 patients who had undergone CPR in the emergency wards of teaching hospitals in the west of Iran from the beginning of the first wave to the end of the third epidemic wave of COVID-19 in Iran, between February 20, 2020, and January 20, 2021. Data were collected using the National CPR Documentation Forms developed based on the Utstein Style and routinely used for all patients with cardiac arrest (CA). The SPSS (v. 20.0) program was used to analyze the data through the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression analysis., Results: Participants' age mean was 64.62 ± 17.54 years. Age mean among participants with COVID-19 was eight years more than other participants. Most participants were male (64.09%) and had at least one underlying disease (64.99%). The total rates of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and CPR-discharge survival were respectively 15.3% and 3.8% among all participants, 20.25% and 5.17% among participants without COVID-19, and 8.96% and 2.04% among participants with COVID-19. The significant predictors of ROSC were age, affliction by COVID-19, affliction by underlying diseases, baseline rhythm, delay in epinephrine administration, and epinephrine administration time interval, while the significant predictors of CPR-discharge survival were age and baseline rhythm., Conclusions: The total rates of ROSC and CPR-discharge survival were respectively 15.3% and 3.8% among all participants. The rates of ROSC and CPR to discharge survival among patients without COVID-19 are respectively 2.26 and 2.53 times more than the rates among patients with COVID-19., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2023
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34. The Best Surgical Treatment for Cervical Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Author: Almasi A, Jafari S, Solouki L, and Darvishi N
Abstract: A case with an inflamed or damaged nerve root in the cervical spine is defined as cervical radiculopathy.The purpose of the current study is to recognize the most effective surgical procedures in cervical radiculopathy subjects. All related studies were taken using PubMed searching international databases, Scopus, ISI Web of Science (WoS), and Science direct with no limit of until November 20 th , 2021. Finally, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after reviewing all randomized controlled trial studies which had the related data the researchers were looking for, they conducted meta-analysis with the seven remaining studies including eight different treatments. Heterogeneity was evaluated by Cochran's Q and Higgins I 2 using R software for the network. In the results presented in this study, the neck disability index (NDI) changes as a result of taking cervical anterior discectomy without (ACD) and with fusion (ACDF) and ACD arthroplasty were -0.003, -1.659, and -1.656, respectively. According to the final diagram of the network, 11 comparisons were made in pairs. When each treatment group is compared with ACDF, it is shown that there was a significant mean effect among the patients who receive Mobi-C, Kineflx|C, and ADR, with mean differences of - 8.60 [CI 95% (- 12.75, - 4.45)], - 1.10 [CI 95% (- 5.22, 3.02)], and - 1.00 [CI 95% (- 7.18, 5.18)], respectively. The most effective surgical treatments for cervical radiculopathy were Mobi-c, Kineflx|C, and artificial disc replacement compared to ACDF treatment, respectively., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Advanced Biomedical Research.)
Published: 2023
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35. The Effect of IL-6 174G > C Gene Polymorphism on Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Salari N, Bokaee S, Shohaimi S, and Mohammadi M
Abstract: IL-6 gene polymorphisms can play a role in the development or control of cancer by affecting cytokines. Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polymorphism of the IL-6 174G > C gene on gastrointestinal cancers based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. In this study, a systematic and meta-analytical review of the study data on the effect of polymorphism of IL-6 174G > C gene on gastrointestinal cancer (gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer) in Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct Databases was extracted without any time limit until April 2020. In order to perform the analysis of eligible studies, the model of random effects was used and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated with I 2 index. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2). The total number of surveyed studies in patients with colorectal cancer was 22 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.88. The odds ratio of GC genotype obtained in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.88 and the odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.92. The total number of surveyed studies in patients with gastric cancer was 12. Based on the meta-analysis results, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 0.74, the odds ratio of GC genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 1.27, and the odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 0.78. The total number of surveyed studies in esophageal cancer patients was 3 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.57, the odds ratio of GC genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.44, and the odds ratio of chance of CC genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.99. In general, different genotypes of polymorphism of the IL-6 174G > C gene reduce the risk of gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. However, the GC genotype of this gene was associated with a 27% increased risk of gastric cancer., Competing Interests: Competing InterestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Association of Surgical Oncology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)
Published: 2023
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36. Prevalence of migraine in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Mohammadi P, Khodamorovati M, Vafaee K, Hemmati M, Darvishi N, and Ghasemi H
Subjects: Male, Child, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Iran epidemiology, Prevalence, Headache, Databases, Factual, Migraine Disorders epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Migraine headaches affect all ages, from childhood to old age. Migraine attacks cause significant changes in the living conditions of the sick person, including a decrease in personal, social, and occupational performance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of migraine in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis., Method: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the studies associated with the prevalence of migraine using the keywords: migraine, prevalence, and Iran its equivalents in international databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science direct, and Iranian internal information databases, including SID and MagIran, was searched without limit until November 2022. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2) was used to analyze the data. Due to the high number of studies reviewed in this systematic review, the Begg and Mazumdar test was used at a significance level of 0.1, and the corresponding Funnel plot was used to check publication bias. Also, the I2 test was used to check the heterogeneity in this study., Results: 22 records were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of migraine in the general population of Iran was 15.1% (confidence interval 95%: 10.7-20.9), and in this population, the prevalence of migraine was higher in women than in men. The prevalence of migraine based on The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) 2 criteria was reportedly 16.4% (95% CI: 10.8-24.1), and with ICHD3 criteria, this value was reported as 17.1% (95% CI: 7.7-33.6). Based on a survey of 4571 children, the prevalence of migraine was reported to be 5.2% (95% CI: 1.3-18.7). Also, the prevalence of migraine in adolescents was calculated based on eight studies (n = 8820). Accordingly, 11.2% (95% CI: 5.8-20.4) of adolescents have migraines. Meanwhile, the prevalence of migraine in boys was 8.2% (95% CI: 4.8-13.7), and in girls was 8% (95% CI: 6.2-12.7)., Conclusion: As a result, the prevalence of migraine in Iran, based on population-based studies, was reported as 15.1%. The result showed a higher prevalence of migraine in the general population than in children and adolescents. It was also found that the prevalence of migraine in women is higher than in men., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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37. Retraction Note: The best drug supplement for obesitytreatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Jafari S, Darvishi N, Valipour E, Mohammadi M, Mansouri K, and Shohaimi S
Published: 2023
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38. The prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cancer in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Darvishi N, Ghasemi H, Rahbaralam Z, Shahrjerdi P, Akbari H, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Humans, Female, Prevalence, Iran epidemiology, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety etiology, Depression epidemiology, Depression etiology, Breast Neoplasms
Abstract: Background: Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases and is recognized as a global problem that is currently showing a growing trend. Cancer is one of the most stressful circumstances that a person may experience. Given how the mental state of patients with depression and anxiety may have a negative impact on their experience with cancer, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients in Iran., Methods: This study was conducted using a systematic review method and based on the guideline Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020). The studies used were searched for via databases, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and using keywords related to anxiety, depression, and cancer. After extracting the required data, statistical analysis was performed based on the random model and using the second version of Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software., Results: In a review of 24 studies with a sample size of 3225 people, the overall prevalence of depression in cancer patients in Iran was reported to be 50.1% (95% CI: 40.6-59.6). Additionally, in a review of 15 studies with a sample size of 2009, the overall prevalence of anxiety in cancer patients in Iran was reported to be 40.9% (95% CI: 30.9-51.6). The highest reported prevalence of depression in cancer patients in Iran according to the Beck questionnaire is 64.6 (95% CI: 48.2-78.1). Specifically, the highest prevalence of depression was reported in patients with breast cancer with a prevalence of 66 (95% CI: 50.9-78.4). The highest prevalence of anxiety in patients with cancer in Iran according to the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale was 49.2 (95% CI: 18.9-80.1). Comparatively, the highest prevalence of anxiety in patients with breast cancer was reported to be 53.2 (95% CI: 25.8-78.7)., Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among cancer patients in Iran, in particular patients with breast cancer, is significantly higher than in other parts of the world. The prevalence found in our study was even higher than the reported number by studies that have examined the disorder globally. Therefore, it is of great urgency for health system policymakers to work to improve the current situation., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2022
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39. Global prevalence of congenital anencephaly: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Fatahi B, Fatahian R, Mohammadi P, Rahmani A, Darvishi N, Keivan M, Shohaimi S, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Australia, Humans, Prevalence, Anencephaly epidemiology, Neural Tube Defects
Abstract: Background: Anencephaly is a fatal congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of brain hemispheres and cranial arch. Timely preventive measures can be taken by knowing the exact prevalence of this common neural tube defect; thus, carried out through systematic review and meta-analysis, the present study was conducted to determine the worldwide prevalence, incidence and mortality of anencephaly., Methods: Cochran's seven-step instructions were used as the guideline. Having determined the research question and inclusion and exclusion criteria, we studied MagIran, SID, Science Direct, WoS, Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Moreover, the search strategy in each database included using all possible keyword combinations with the help of "AND" and "OR" operators with no time limit to 2021. The I 2 test was used to calculate study heterogeneity, and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation tests were employed to assess the publication bias. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2)., Results: In this study, the statements of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) were used. In the first stage, 1141 articles were found, of which 330 duplicate studies were omitted. 371 articles were deleted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria by reviewing the title and abstract of the study. 58 articles were removed by reviewing the full text of the article because it was not relevant to the research. 360 studies with a sample size of 207,639,132 people were considered for the meta-analysis. Overall estimate of the prevalence, incidence and attenuation of anencephaly worldwide were 5.1 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.5 per ten thousand births), 8.3 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 5.5-9.9 per ten thousand births), 5.5 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 1.8-15 per ten thousand births) respectively the highest of which according to the subgroup analysis, belonged to the Australian continent with 8.6 per ten thousand births (95% confidence interval 7.7-9.5 per ten thousand births)., Conclusion: The overall prevalence of anencephaly in the world is significant, indicating the urgent need for preventive and treating measures., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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40. Global prevalence of polypharmacy among the COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Author: Ghasemi H, Darvishi N, Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Akbari H, and Mohammadi M
Abstract: Background: Polypharmacy has traditionally been defined in various texts as the use of 5 or more chronic drugs, the use of inappropriate drugs, or drugs that are not clinically authorized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy among the COVID-19 patients, and the side effects, by systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: This study was performed by systematic review method and in accordance with PRISMA 2020 criteria. The protocol in this work is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021281552). Particular databases and repositories have been searched to identify and select relevant studies. The quality of articles was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist. Heterogeneity of the studies was measured using the I 2 test., Results: The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of polypharmacy in 14 studies with a sample size of 189,870 patients with COVID-19 is 34.6% (95% CI: 29.6-40). Studies have shown that polypharmacy is associated with side effects, increased morbidity and mortality among patients with COVID-19. The results of meta-regression analysis reported that with increasing age of COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of polypharmacy increases (p < 0.05)., Discussion: The most important strength of this study is the updated search to June 2022 and the use of all databases to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of the study. The most important limitation of this study is the lack of proper definition of polypharmacy in some studies and not mentioning the number of drugs used for patients in these studies., Conclusion: Polypharmacy is seen in many patients with COVID-19. Since there is no definitive cure for COVID-19, the multiplicity of drugs used to treat this disease can affect the severity of the disease and its side effects as a result of drug interactions. This highlights the importance of controlling and managing prescription drugs for patients with COVID-19., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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41. Relation between the circular and linear form of the Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex Subunit 3 in the progression of triple-negative breast cancer.

Author: Barznegar M, Rahimi K, Mahdavi P, Menbari MN, Darvishi N, Vahabzadeh Z, Hakhamaneshi MS, Andalibi P, and Abdi M
Subjects: Acetyltransferases genetics, Acetyltransferases metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Histone Acetyltransferases genetics, Humans, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, RNA, Circular genetics, Breast Neoplasms pathology, MicroRNAs metabolism, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms genetics, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms pathology
Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer (BC) that hardly responds to common treatment. Recent studies show that circ-ELP3 (Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex Subunit 3 or hsa-circ-0001785) is involved in the pathogenesis of several malignancies. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible role of this circRNA in the progression of TNBC cells and the possible relation between the circular and linear forms of the ELP3. We evaluated the circ-ELP3 and its host gene expression level in clinical samples and breast cancer cell lines. Using an expression vector, hsa-circ-0001785 was upregulated to investigate its role on cancer cell progression. After a transient transfection, we evaluated possible alterations in the cell cycle progression, cell viability, and cell proliferation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses verified that circ-ELP3 and its host gene were significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues and breast cancer cells. Overexpression of circ-ELP3 markedly increases the cell viability and proliferation and also the formation of colonies in transfected cells compared to the controls. Briefly, our results showed that Circ-ELP3 and its host gene were significantly upregulated in TNBC. Circ-ELP3 is involved in TNBC progression and may exert its effects by indirectly regulating of ELP3 expression., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2022
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42. Body dysmorphic disorder in individuals requesting cosmetic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Kazeminia M, Heydari M, Darvishi N, Ghasemi H, Shohaimi S, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Body Image, Humans, Mass Screening, Prevalence, Body Dysmorphic Disorders epidemiology, Body Dysmorphic Disorders surgery, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Surgery, Plastic methods
Abstract: Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is known as a mental disorder in which a person suffers from concern and distress with the perceived defects in their appearance and subsequently can experience significant impairment in social, occupational, and interpersonal functioning. Various studies have reported different BDD prevalence rates in patients with cosmetic surgery. However, there has been no comprehensive study that has examined the results of these studies. Therefore, this study aims to determine BDD prevalence in individuals requesting cosmetic surgery in a systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: In this review study, a search was conducted in national and international databases of Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) between 1878 and January 2020. A random-effects model was used to analyze the data, and heterogeneity of studies was examined with the I 2 index. Data analysis was done using comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 2)., Results: BDD prevalence in individuals requesting cosmetic surgery in 48 articles with a sample size of 14,913 was 19.2% (95% CI: 15.8-23%). Regarding heterogeneity based on meta-regression, a significant difference between the sample size (p<0.001) and BDD prevalence in patients with cosmetic surgery was observed., Conclusion: The results of this study showed that BDD prevalence in individuals requesting cosmetic surgery is high. Therefore, with the provision of feedback at hospitals, appropriate interventions, such as pre-screening for body image disturbance, should be mandated., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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43. Global prevalence of falls in the older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Darvishi N, Ahmadipanah M, Shohaimi S, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Aged, Databases, Factual, Humans, Prevalence, Activities of Daily Living
Abstract: Background: With increasing life expectancy, declining mortality, and birth rates, the world's geriatric population is increasing. Falls in the older people are one of the most common and serious problems. Injuries from falls can be fatal or non-fatal and physical or psychological, leading to a reduction in the ability to perform activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of falls in the older people through systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the data from studies on the prevalence of falls in the older people in the world were extracted in the databases of Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and Science Direct, and Google Scholar, Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID) without any time limit until August 2020. To analyze the eligible studies, the stochastic effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of the studies with the I 2 index was investigated. Data analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2)., Results: In the review of 104 studies with a total sample size of 36,740,590, the prevalence of falls in the older people of the world was 26.5% (95% CI 23.4-29.8%). The highest rate of prevalence of falls in the older people was related to Oceania with 34.4% (95% CI 29.2-40%) and America with 27.9% (95% CI 22.4-34.2%). The results of meta-regression indicated a decreasing trend in the prevalence of falls in the older people of the world by increasing the sample size and increasing the research year (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The problem of falls, as a common problem with harmful consequences, needs to be seriously considered by policymakers and health care providers to make appropriate plans for preventive interventions to reduce the rate of falls in the older people., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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44. Correction to: The best drug supplement for obesity treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Jafari S, Darvishi N, Valipour E, Mohammadi M, Mansouri K, and Shohaimi S
Published: 2022
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45. Global prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate and lip: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Darvishi N, Heydari M, Bokaee S, Darvishi F, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Child, Humans, Prevalence, Cleft Lip epidemiology, Cleft Palate epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Birth defect is widely used as a term for congenital anomalies. Children with cleft lip and palate may have serious speech, hearing, nutrition, and mental and social development disorders; therefore, this study was designed to determine the overall prevalence of cleft palate, lip, and cleft palate through systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: In this study, systematic review and meta-analysis of data from studies on the prevalence of cleft lip and palate in Scopus, Embase, Magiran, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and Science Direct databases were extracted between January 2000 and June 2020. In order to perform the analysis of qualified studies, the model of random effects was used and the inconsistency of studies with I 2 index was investigated. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2)., Results: According to the results of the present study on cleft palate, the total number of samples entered in the study in 59 studies were 21,088,517 individuals, the prevalence of cleft palate based on the meta-analysis of the reviewed studies in every 1000 live births was obtained 0.33 (95% CI: 0.28-0.38). In the case of cleft lip, the total number of samples entered in the 57 reviewed studies were 17,907,569 individuals. The prevalence of cleft lip obtained based on the meta-analysis of the reviewed studies was 0.3 in every 1000 live births (95% CI: 0.26-0.34), and in the case of cleft lip and palate, the total number of samples entered in the 55 reviewed studies was 17,894,673. The prevalence of cleft lip and palate based on the meta-analysis of the studies reviewed in each 1000 live births was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.38-0.52)., Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of oral clefts such as cleft palate, cleft lip, and cleft lip and palate; health system policymakers need to take precautionary measures to reduce the number of patients, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic measures to reduce the effects of this disorder in children., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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46. Global prevalence of hepatitis C in prisoners: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Salari N, Darvishi N, Hemmati M, Shohaimi S, Ghyasi Y, Hossaini F, Bazrafshan MR, Akbari H, and Mohammadi M
Subjects: Hepacivirus, Humans, Iran epidemiology, Prevalence, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Prisoners
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), one of the most significant causes of liver inflammation, has a high annual mortality rate. The unfavorable hygiene conditions and inadequate health monitoring in many prisons increase the risk of blood-borne infections such as hepatitis C. The growing incidence of this disease among prisoners results in overspill transmission to the general population from undiagnosed prisoners that have been released. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C among the world's prison population. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of hepatitis C was carried out using the keywords "Prevalence", "Hepatitis C", and "Prisoner" in the Iranian and international databases SID, MagIran, Iran Doc, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) from January 1990 to September 2020. After transferring the articles to the information management software EndNote and eliminating duplicate studies, the remaining studies were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, three stages of primary and secondary evaluation, and qualitative evaluation. Comprehensive meta-analysis software and Begg and Mazumdar and I 2 tests were used for data analysis and assessment of dissemination bias, and heterogeneity, respectively. Out of 93 studies (22 from Asia, 26 from Europe, seven from Africa, 29 from America, and nine from Australia) with a total sample size of 145,823 subjects, the prevalence of hepatitis C in prisoners worldwide was estimated to be 17.7% (95% confidence interval, 15-20.7%). The highest prevalence of hepatitis C on the continents included in this study was reported in prisoners incarcerated in Australia and Oceania, with 28.4% (95% CI: 21.6-36.4) in nine studies, and Europe, with 25.1% (95% CI: 19.4-31.8) in 26 studies. All studies used an ELISA test for the detection of HCV antibodies. The results showed a prevalence of HCV of 17.7% in prisoners worldwide, ranging between 10 and 30% over five continents (Asia, Europe, America, Africa, and Australia and Oceania). The highest prevalence was reported in Australia and Oceania (28.4%), indicating the need to pay more attention to this issue on the continent. It is necessary to reduce the incidence of the disease in prisons by appropriate policy-making and the development of accurate and practical programs, including the distribution of free syringes and examination, testing, and screening of prisoners., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2022
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47. Relationship of religion with suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide death: a meta-analysis.

Author: Poorolajal J, Goudarzi M, Gohari-Ensaf F, and Darvishi N
Subjects: Humans, Religion, Odds Ratio, Suicide Prevention, Suicide, Attempted, Suicidal Ideation
Abstract: Background: Suicide is a significant public health problem and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The effect of religion on suicidal behaviors (i.e., ideation, plan, attempt, and death) is an important issue worthy of consideration., Methods: Major electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched for the articles published until 26 April 2021. Reference lists were also screened. Observational studies addressing the associations between religion and suicidal behaviors were also examined. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated using the χ2, τ2, and I2 statistics. The probability of publication bias was explored using the Begg and Egger tests, as well as trim-and-fill analysis. The effect size was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model., Results: Out of 11 389 identified studies, 63 articles were eligible, involving 8,053,697 participants. There was an inverse association between religion and suicidal ideation OR = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.88; P < 0.001), suicidal plan OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.04; P = 0.200), suicide attempt OR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.89; P < 0.001), and completed suicide OR = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.72; P = 0.006). There was a no evidence of publication bias., Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis support the notion that religion can play a protective role against suicidal behaviors. Nonetheless, the effect of religion on suicidal behaviors varies across countries with different religions and cultures. Although this association does not necessarily imply causation, an awareness of the relationship between religion and suicide risk can be of great help in suicide prevention policies and programs.
Published: 2022
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48. Telemedicine and insomnia: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Sharafkhaneh A, Salari N, Khazaie S, Ghasemi H, Darvishi N, Hosseinian-Far A, Mohammadi M, and Khazaie H
Subjects: Humans, Sleep, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy methods, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders diagnosis, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders therapy, Telemedicine methods
Abstract: Background: Telemedicine has been introduced as a new and effective method in dealing with public health challenges, improving access to health care, and reducing healthcare costs in today's world. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder that can be managed with cognitive behavioural therapy, however, access to skilled therapists is an issue. Telemedicine improves access to care and thus, it may facilitate management of insomnia. The aim of this study was to assess whether telemedicine can be as effective as traditional in person sleep medicine service for the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of insomnia., Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies related to telemedicine and insomnia were identified and selected, using the keywords of telemedicine, insomnia, sleep disorder, treatment, non-pharmacological treatment. The international databases of Embase, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar were searched without a lower time limit, and until July 12, 2021. Data were analysed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2) software, and the significance level of the test was considered P ˂ 0.05., Results: A systematic review of 16 selected studies showed that telemedicine interventions have a positive effect on improving insomnia in different groups. The meta-analysis was performed on 2 studies. Based on the results, CBTI interventions based on telemedicine have a greater effect on improving chronic insomnia than face to face CBTI with an average difference of 2.05 ± 0.66 based on the random effects model. Moreover, the difference between the mean in the telemedicine intervention group and the non-intervention group was 0.65 ± 0.19, which shows the positive effect of the telemedicine intervention., Conclusion: The use of telemedicine in treatment of insomnia not only accelerates access to sleep services, but can also improve the efficiency of health services in terms of time and cost, as well as therapeutic effects., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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49. Oral Propolis, Nutritional Status and Quality of Life with Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Author: Davoodi SH, Yousefinejad V, Ghaderi B, Akbari ME, Darvishi S, Mehrabi Y, and Darvishi N
Subjects: Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Nutritional Status, Quality of Life, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Breast Neoplasms chemically induced, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Propolis therapeutic use
Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced side effects include an impaired nutritional status and reduced quality of life in patients. The contribution of propolis, as a co-adjuvant nutritional supplement in cancer treatment, is suggested due to its functional characteristics and biological activities such as antitumoral activity, DNA protection, free radicals scavenging, and immune stimulation; however, clinical trials to support these effects in cancer patients are necessary. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of propolis vs. placebo on the nutritional status and quality of life in patients diagnosed with breast cancer who are receiving chemotherapy (No. IRCT2016062828679N1). A total of 60 patients from the Oncology Clinic at Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran were randomized to receive propolis (250 mg/ two times per day for three months) or a placebo. After three months of intervention, energy intake of patients who received propolis increased significantly compared to placebo group ( p = 0.000). The quality of life also showed significant improvements in patients receiving propolis, particularly with regards to emotional functioning ( p = 0.03), global QoL functioning ( p = 0.04), and financial difficulties ( p = 0.01) compared to the control group. Propolis is suggested an adequate and safe therapeutic option to improve the nutritional status and quality of life in patients diagnosed with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. However, more trials are needed in order to draw robust conclusions with regard to its efficacy in chemotherapy-induced side effects.
Published: 2022
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50. The global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Abdoli N, Salari N, Darvishi N, Jafarpour S, Solaymani M, Mohammadi M, and Shohaimi S
Subjects: Aged, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Quality of Life, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Major depressive disorder is characterized by a depressed mood or feeling of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Depressed individuals have a cognitive impairment, low self-esteem, difficulty making decisions, feeling helpless and hopeless. The factors that have been associated with depression include the lack of social support, living in rural areas, suffering from chronic diseases, smoking, and alcohol abuse. This study aimed to investigate the global prevalence of major depressive disorder in the elderly., Method: The electronic database such as Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, Mag Iran, and IranDoc were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of major depressive disorderin the elderly published up to March 2021. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated using the I 2 index. Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test was used to assess publication bias., Result: A total of 20 studies involving 18953 participants were included in this study. The global prevalence of major depression in the elderly was 13.3 % (95 % CI: 8.4-20.3 %). In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of major depression in elderly women was 11.9 % (95 % CI: 7.6-18.6) and men 9.7 % (95 % CI: 5.2-17.3). No comparison was made between the two sexes, but based on the confidence intervals and large overlap, the two groups are not statistically different. Among continents, Australia had the highest prevalence of major depression in the elderly at 20.1 % (CI: 14.5-27.2 %). This was followed by Europe at 12.9 % (95 % CI: 5.1-28.9 %)., Conclusion: Major depressive disorder has a growing trend in the elderly population of the world. The prevalence of major depression in the elderly depends on various clinical and demographic factors such as age and gender. Therefore, mental health and the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly are important. The present study emphasizes the importance of social support in mental health that can reduce depression in the elderly., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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