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20. Combustion of Two Imported Biomass Feedstocks for Co-firing in the UK

Author

Gudka, B., Baxter, X.C., Darvell, L.I., Jones, J.M., Saddawi, A., Williams, A., Malmgren, A., Kilgallon, P.J., and Simms, N.J.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Two commonly imported biomass feedstocks, Palm Kernel Expellers (PKE) and Distillers Dried Grains and Solubles (DDGS) have been examined for their combustion properties. The fuels were characterized and thermal decomposition tests were done using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Pyrolysis products were detected via Pyrolysis Gas Chromatograpy­Mass Spectrometry (Py GC­MS) and lastly chars from the fuels were prepared and combustion tests were performed to determine the conversion of nitrogen in the char to nitrogen – containing species. The main ash forming alkali metals were K, Si, Ca, Mg and Na which resulted in high alkali indices hence high fouling tendencies. Thermal decomposition begins at a relatively low temperature and it is suspected that there is some oil evaporation occurring and this results in low activation energies for pyrolysis calculated from the apparent first order kinetics. Furthermore the pyrolysis products from Py GC­MS include some fatty acids, as well as methoxy phenols and, in the case of DDGS, some nitrogen containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds. The high heating rate pyrolysis promoted depletion of nitrogen in the char; hence almost over 90% of it was released with volatiles. The main nitrogen containing compounds detected during char combustion were NOx and N2 and primary products include HCN, C2N2 and HCNO., Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 May 2010, Lyon, France, pp. 1107-1112

Published
2010
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21. Combustion characteristics of chars from raw and torrefied willow

Author

Fisher, E.M., Darvell, L.I., Saddawi, A., Jones, J.M., Dupont, Capucine, Commandre, Jean-Michel, Nocquet, Timothée, Salvador, Sylvain, Fisher, E.M., Darvell, L.I., Saddawi, A., Jones, J.M., Dupont, Capucine, Commandre, Jean-Michel, Nocquet, Timothée, and Salvador, Sylvain

Abstract

There is much interest in co-firing biomass with coal in power plants. Torrefaction is a mild thermal pretreatment (T < 300°C) that improves the milling and storage properties of biomass, making it more like coal, and thus more compatible with existing power plant equipment. We use non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis to investigate the differences in oxidative reactivities between chars prepared from torrefied and raw willow. Both high- and low-heating-rate chars are investigated. High-heating-rate chars were prepared in a drop tube furnace at a temperature of 900°C with a residence time of 2 s. Low-heating-rate chars were prepared in a crucible in a tube furnace, with a heating rate of 33°C/min, a maximum temperature of 1000 ?C, and a residence time of 1 hour at the maximum temperature. We find that torrefaction has a minimal impact on char reactivities for the low-heating-rate chars, while for the high-heating-rate case the chars prepared from raw willow are over twice as reactive as those prepared from torrefied willow.

Published
2011

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