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Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Background: The utilization of smartphone-assisted evaluation is emerging in the field of histopathology. This technique improves the adequacy of samples at the bedside, avoids procedure-related complications, reduces unnecessary repeat biopsies, and saves the cost of the procedure. This study aims to compare the number of glomeruli in a renal biopsy specimen obtained by an ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle biopsy, counted at the bedside using a smartphone fitted with a 16-megapixel macro lens (Bedside method) with that observed under a light microscope after the processing of the biopsy specimen (LM method)., Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 24 consecutive adult patients (48 kidney biopsy samples) who underwent kidney biopsies were enrolled. All specimens were extracted by an ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy from the lower pole of the left kidney. Patients' demographics and clinical data were prospectively collected. The number of glomeruli in all the biopsy specimens was counted using a smartphone fitted with a 16-megapixel macro lens at the bedside (Bedside method) and subsequently under a light microscope by a pathologist after processing the biopsy specimen (LM method). Seven or more glomeruli in the specimen were considered adequate in our study., Results: The mean age of patients at biopsy was 46.9 ± 16 years with slightly male predominance (54.2%). A total of 47 specimens were obtained from 24 patients. Of the 24 patients, 22 had native kidney biopsy and 2 had renal allograft biopsy. The average number of cores obtained per patient was 1.96. The length of core specimens ranged from 1.5 to 2 cm. A good agreement was found between bedside adequacy and slide adequacy, κ =0.684, P = 0.000. The positive agreement rate and negative agreement rate were 91.4% and 23.1%, respectively., Conclusion: In the modern era of technology, the smartphone is a good tool to evaluate the adequacy of biopsy specimens at the bedside., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 Indian Journal of Nephrology | Published by Scientific Scholar.)

Background: Keloids are less responsive to any single treatment modality; hence, there is a need for combination therapy that can yield satisfactory outcomes., Objective: The present study assessed efficacy and safety of combination therapy-surgical excision or cryotherapy and intralesional corticosteroids along with 5-fluorouracil [IL (S + 5-FU)] injection, followed by silicone gel sheet (SGS) under compression therapy in the treatment of keloids., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study comprising 21 clinically diagnosed keloid patients. All patients were treated with the stated combination therapy. Data about demographic, lesions, procedural characteristics, and treatment outcomes were reported., Results: Of 21, 11 (52.4%) patients were treated with liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) cryotherapy, and 10 (47.6%) patients were treated with surgical excision. Mean age was 30.8 ± 7.6 (range: 14-44) years with slight male (52.4%) predominance. A mean surface area of keloid lesion was 96.8 ± 170.5 cm 3 . The most frequently involved site was auricle (8 [38.1%] patients). Patients received the following types of treatments: intralesional LN 2 cryotherapy (6 [28.6%]), intralesional excisional surgery (6 [28.6%]), surface LN 2 cryotherapy (5 [23.8%]), and extralesional excisional surgery (4 [19.0%]). Complications of recurrence (2 [9.5%]), secondary infections (2 [9.5%]), persistent postinflammatory hypopigmentation (1 [4.8%]), and atrophic scarring with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (1 [4.8%]) were reported. After a study period of 2.5 years, 100% cure rate was achieved., Conclusion: Combination therapy of surgical excision or cryotherapy and IL (S + 5-FU), followed by SGS under compression, was safe and effective in treating keloids., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery.)

Background and Objective: Few dating back, the role of visual evoked potentials changes and reduced level of intracellular magnesium have appeared in migraine patients both throughout the attacks and in the interictal periods. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence regarding the correlation between magnesium levels and visual evoked potentials. To assess the changes in the levels of magnesium in migraineurs compared to a healthy control group is our prime intention. Also, to correlate serum magnesium levels with visual evoked potentials changes within the migraineurs is a secondary part of the study., Materials and Methods: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria as per the study protocol, in total, 80 subjects were enrolled in the study. Of which 40 were migraineurs diagnosed as per the International Headache Society criteria for severe migraine headache. Rest of 40 was nonmigraineurs served as a control group of the study. All included patient was submitted to demographic profile, previous history of the disease and drug intake, thorough clinical investigation and baseline laboratory parameters. Apart from this, the measurement of visual evoked potentials changes (4 th block) and magnesium levels were done as per our standard operating procedures., Results: In migraineurs, serum total Mg level was considerably lower compared to the control group (1.79 ± 0.14 mg/dl versus 2.10 ± 0.17 mg/dl, P < 0.0001) and amplitude of P100 (P < 0.0001) was negatively correlated to reduced serum Mg level (P < 0.0001)., Conclusions: As expected, both elevated visual evoked potential amplitude and reduced level of brain magnesium can be a demonstration of neuronal hyperexcitability of the optic pathways associated with a dropped threshold for migraine attacks., Competing Interests: None

Since introduced in 1961, intralesional (IL) agent has become an essential part of the dermatological practice. The term IL referred to the direct delivery of agent percutaneously into skin lesions. This therapeutic approach is relatively safe, easy to perform and applicable for a broad range of dermatological conditions. On the other hand, immediate side effects, including pain during administration, bleeding, high risk of infection and allergic reaction, and subsequent side effects involving skin changes such as atrophy, telangiectasia, pigmentary changes, and striae are usually associated with this modality. This review paper highlights the pros and cons of IL agents in modern dermatology practice., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery.)

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo-affected individuals, especially patients with darker skin tones, can suffer from negative psychosocial impacts due to unpredictable development of the condition and perceived cosmetic concerns. However, given that spontaneous repigmentation can be gained in vitiligo, many patients ask for treatment due to these cosmetic concerns. In the literature, only a few studies have been documented focusing on the outcome of various treatment modalities for vitiligo. OBJECTIVE: This article highlights the retrospective response of various treatment modalities in Indian patients with vitiligo. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed from July 2017 to August 2018 at our private dermatology clinic. A total of 3,000 patients were enrolled in this observational study. Patient characteristics and details of phototherapy (psoralen and ultraviolet A, narrow-band ultraviolet B, excimer laser) were noted as per a predefined format. The clinical response was evaluated as a marked response, defined as repigmentation in more than 75% of the initial lesional area. RESULTS: Of those included in this retrospective analysis, 1,996 patients received phototherapy and 1,004 patients were treated with topical monotherapy. Patients treated with phototherapy only and those treated with a combination of phototherapy and topical agents showed significantly higher clinical response rates relative to patients treated with topical monotherapy only (marked response rate: 47.8% vs. 8.7%; P <0.001 and 23.4% vs. 8.7%; P <0.001). Disease subtype predominately affected the treatment response. CONCLUSION: In Indian patients with vitiligo, phototherapy appears to be an effective treatment option for both focal and vitiligo vulgaris. Due to its reliability and minimal side effects, it can be considered a preferable treatment modality for vitiligo., Competing Interests: FUNDING:No funding was provided for this article. DISCLOSURES:The authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article., (Copyright © 2021. Matrix Medical Communications. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: FUNDING:No funding was provided. DISCLOSURES:The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser ablation treatment generating 10,600nm of infrared radiation has shown promising results in patients with small-sized congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN). In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy (Investigator's Global Assessment [IGA] score) and patient satisfaction for CO 2 laser ablation for the treatment of small CMN in 17 adults. Of those treated with CO 2 laser ablation, our findings indicate the average IGA and patient satisfaction scores were 6.41 and 3.76, respectively. Apart from these, 47.1 percent of cases obtained an IGA score of 7 and 76.5 percent of cases achieved a patient satisfaction score of 4. These results support the efficacy of CO 2 laser ablation treatment and might help the clinician to guide treatment selection in patients who wish to avoid more invasive surgical options., Competing Interests: FUNDING:No funding was received for this study. DISCLOSURES:The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.