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Maxillary sinus augmentation is a procedure commonly performed in patients in need of posterior maxillary implants with limited vertical ridge height and sinus pneumatization. However, minimal information has been presented to evaluate the complexity of the sinus elevation procedure via a lateral window approach based on patient examination, including extraoral findings, anatomical factors, and the possible influence from the surgeon’s experience. Therefore, this article presents a new scheme of maxillary sinus floor elevation difficulty score based on comprehensive patient- and surgical-related factors. The proposed scoring tool aims to aid surgeons in performing a comprehensive presurgical evaluation prior to the lateral wall sinus augmentation surgery and also enhance communication between clinicians and patients regarding the complexity of the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction To assess the effects of cleft lip and palate (CLP) on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) components using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology This historical cohort study evaluated 20 CBCT scans of the TMJ area of patients with unilateral CLP as the test group and 20 CBCT scans of the TMJ area of non-CLP controls with class I occlusion. The morphological properties and dimensions of the condyle, the thickness of the glenoid fossa and articular eminence, and the articular eminence angle were measured and recorded. The two groups were compared regarding the above-mentioned variables by the Chi-square or t test (alpha=0.05). Results The left and right axial condylar angles in CLP patients were significantly lower than the corresponding values in the control group by 1.8 degrees in the left and 2 degrees in the right side (p=0.005). The mediolateral condylar dimension at both sides was significantly lower in CLP patients than in the controls (p=0.001). The differences between the two groups were not significant in the anteroposterior condylar dimension, glenoid fossa thickness, and articular eminence thickness (p>0.05). The CLP patients had significantly lower articular eminence angle in the right side (p=0.016) but not in the left side (p>0.05), compared with the controls. Conclusion Unilateral CLP patients have lower axial condylar angle and mediolateral condylar dimension at both sides, and lower articular eminence angle in the right side than the controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Failure in the fusion of medial nasal processes and maxillary prominences would result in the development of a cleft lip while failure in merging the palatal shelves would result in the development of a cleft palate (CP). At present, patients with a cleft palate (CP) have often undergone corrective surgery before 1 year of age. However, an oronasal fistula (ONF) often remains in the palate after surgery. Methodology In this historical cohort, 40 patients with CP, 6-10 years old, who had undergone corrective surgery at 1 year of age were selected by targeted sampling and assigned to two groups with ONF (N=20) and without ONF (n=20). The two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. All patients had an intraoral photograph of the maxilla and a lateral cephalogram. Twenty-three cephalometric parameters were measured prior to the orthodontic treatment and compared between the two groups using a t-test. Results CP patients with ONF had significantly higher Y-axis, gonial angle, Go1, Go2, GoGn-SN, U1-SN, and lower lip to E line compared with those without ONF (P<0.05). The Jarabak index was significantly lower in the CP patients with ONF compared with those without it (P<0.05). The difference in other cephalometric parameters was not significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Patients with ONF had significantly greater growth in the vertical dimension compared with those without ONF. Yet, the difference in the anteroposterior dimension was not significant between the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relapse is one of the major concerns in the correction of skeletal class III malocclusion. Objective: The purpose of this systemic review was to evaluate the degree of relapse on skeletal class III patients who received bimaxillary surgery or mandibular setback with orthodontic treatment. Data Sources: A search of the literature was performed in the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar Beta, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Study Selection: Out of the 165 articles identified, 73 studies were obtained, once duplicated articles were excluded. Then, 40 other records were excluded due to titles and abstracts, and 20 were removed for not fulfilling exclusion/ inclusion criteria. 11 studies met the final inclusion criteria. Some cephalometric data during T1-T2-T3 were measured. Data Extraction: SNA did not have any significant changes within less than 2 years but it increased significantly after 2 years. SNB did not have any significant changes in more than 2 years' follow-up, while it rose significantly in less than 2 years. Overjet decreased significantly after 2 years but not earlier than this duration. Overbite intensified significantly in more than 2 years and not earlier. Data Synthesis: SNA and overbite increased significantly after 2 years. SNB increased significantly before 2 years and did not have any changes after it. Overjet was significantly reduced after 2 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When facial photographs are analyzed for the purpose of identifying esthetics norms, differences in dentofacial relationships among ethnic and racial groups must be taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to establish standards for various populations. The purpose of this study was to establish norms of photogrammetric soft tissue profile analysis for Persian adults. Pretreatment lateral photographs of 147 subjects (66 men and 81 women aged 18-35 years) with a Class I skeletal pattern were collected. Twelve angular parameters were evaluated in the subjects. Values for men and women were compared with a t test. Statistically significant sexual dimorphism was found for nasofrontal (P < 0.059), nasal (P < 0.059), nasal dorsum (P < 0.001), cervicomental (P < 0.001), facial convexity (P < 0.004), and total facial convexity (P < 0.002) angles. The mean values obtained from this study can assist in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for Persian adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Widespread use of the IOTN along with detailed study of occlusal traits is suitable for planning community dental health resources. Objectives. The aim of current study was to assess the need for orthodontic treatment among school children of Tehran by means of the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and also to evaluate the occlusal traits of the subjects. Methods. 684 (343 boys and 341 girls) school children, 15 to 17 years of age, were selected at random from 12 schools to represent the four main areas of Tehran. The final sample who met the inclusion criteria comprised 643 subjects (322males and 321 females).Malocclusion was determined with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The IOTN grades were statistically compared in the two genders using chi-square test. Results. Orthodontic treatment need, using the DHC, was found in only 9.0 per cent of the children. The prevalence of Angle Class I malocclusion in this study was higher than other malocclusions (65.2 per cent), followed by crowding in 62.7 per cent of the subjects. Conclusion. Orthodontic treatment need for Tehran high school students was relatively lower than that reported in most recent studies in Europe [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]