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Hematologic malignancies are risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. Identification of risk factors correlated with mortality in these groups of patients is important in the assessment strategy. We studied the characteristics of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19 and then analyzed the predictors of mortality.Eligible for the analysis were hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies and confirmed COVID-19 infection observed between January 2020 and March 2021. Patients were categorized based on the type of malignancy and phase of the treatment.A total of 194 COVID-19 infected patients with hematologic malignancies were included. The median age was 44 (15-81) years; 135 of them were males and 59 were females. Acute myeloid leukemia was the most frequent cancer type (43.8%). A total of 119 patients had severe COVID-19 and 61 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. A total of 92 deaths occurred in all cases for an overall case-fatality rate of 47%. Male gender, preinduction and induction phase of the treatment, intensive care admission, low levels of oxygen saturation, Rhesus (RH) factor positivity, and higher fibrinogen level correlated with mortality.This study focuses on the epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, and predictors of mortality of COVID-19 among patients with hematologic malignancies. Patients with hematologic malignancies are at high risk of mortality.

Maxillary sinus augmentation is a procedure commonly performed in patients in need of posterior maxillary implants with limited vertical ridge height and sinus pneumatization. However, minimal information has been presented to evaluate the complexity of the sinus elevation procedure via a lateral window approach based on patient examination, including extraoral findings, anatomical factors, and the possible influence from the surgeon's experience. Therefore, this article presents a new scheme of maxillary sinus floor elevation difficulty score based on comprehensive patient- and surgical-related factors. The proposed scoring tool aims to aid surgeons in performing a comprehensive presurgical evaluation prior to the lateral wall sinus augmentation surgery and also enhance communication between clinicians and patients regarding the complexity of the case.

Summary The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a 4-bracket system including Alexander, Roth, MBT (Maxillary Transverse Bioadaptation), and Gianelly on the upper anterior tooth movement in sliding mechanics with the help of a 3-Dimensional (3D) Finite Element Method. Methods Displacement, stress, strain, centre of rotation and resistance on the incise edge and apex of the maxillary central incisor were calculated when 100, 200, 300, 400 grams of retraction force were applied. Results The amount of incise edge displacement was 2.609 × 10−4 mm 2.682 × 10−4 mm 2.875 × 10−4 mm and 2.881 × 10−4 mm in Alexander, Gianelly, Roth and MBT respectively with 100gr of retraction force. The value of apex root movement was 3.485 × 10−4 mm 3.547 × 10−4 mm 3.852 × 10−4 mm and 3.864 × 10−4 mm in Alexander, Gianelly, Roth and MBT respectively with 400 g of retraction force. Conclusions The MBT system had the maximum apex root and incisal edge movement in all 100, 200, 300, 400 grams of retraction force. The Alexander system had the lowest apex and incisal edge movement in all retraction forces.

Endothelial injury by toxins, drugs, immune complexes leads to activation of coagulation cascade and thrombosis, which result in platelet consumption and red blood cell injury These thrombotic microangiopathies can potentially injure numerous organs and result in organ dysfunction In this case, we present the fourth reported patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with COVID-19 © 2021, Tehran University of Medical Sciences All rights reserved

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected more than 40 million people worldwide. Some patients had episodes of symptom recurrence after the first episode of infection with variable intervals. There are multiple issues and hypotheses about re-infection or re-activation of the virus, especially in immunocompromised patients. In this paper, we present details of an individual with a recent history of COVID-19 who proceeded to acute myeloid leukaemia M3 and immunosuppression by chemotherapy, then we review some recently published articles about possible re-infection or re-activation.

In oral surgery, there are two principles required for better performance: (1) adequate visibility that depends on three factors (sufficient access, light, and a surgical field free of excess fluid like blood) and (2) assistance. Surgical techniques can be divided into three main classifications like resective, minimally resective, and non-resective techniques. In periodontal non-resective technique, designing the flaps has an important role. We can achieve enough access by designing appropriate flap. Three major factors must be followed to prevent the complications of flap surgery: (1) prevention of flap dehiscence, (2) prevention of tearing, and (3) prevention of flap necrosis [1]. Regarding the benefits of each flap design and the aim of surgical procedures, the surgeon should have decided on flap design. In this chapter, we mentioned several important flap designs since 1974.

Introduction: The main pathogenesis of COVID-19, especially in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia, is through cytokine release syndrome. This cytokine release causes tissue edema, chemotaxis of immune cells, and also vascular endothelial disruption. Thalidomide is an old drug with several effects on inflammation and also on immune cells physiology. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, were included in this study in the Thalidomide group and control group. We administered Thalidomide 100 mg daily for 14 days + Dexamethasone + Remdesivir in the Thalidomide group and Dexamethasone + Remdesivir as the standard of care in our center in the control group. We evaluated oxygen saturation improvement to more than 94% and also the duration of hospital admission and mortality in our study. Results: We did not find any difference between these two groups in terms of duration of hospital stay (8.9 days in the Thalidomide group versus 9.6 in the control group), improvement of oxygen saturation at the first week and second week (Pvalue: 0.70 and 0.826 respectively). There was no mortality in both groups. At the end of second week of treatment, the levels of inflammatory markers were not statistically different between these two groups (ESR, CRP, ferritin, LDH, fibrinogen with Pvalue: 0.509, 0.440, 0.121, 0.005, 0.114 respectively). Only LDH in the Thalidomide group was significantly lower at the end of the second week than the control group. Conclusion: In our study, we did not find any relation between Thalidomide administration and effects on oxygen saturation improvement and also the duration of hospital admission and mortality.

Highlights • COVID-19 associated microangiopathies. • TTP as an unusual microangiopathy and its complication. • Standard of treatment in COVID-19 and TTP., Introduction Thrombotic microangiopathies are a group of disorders that are mainly related to endothelial dysfunction. This category of endothelial dysfunction results of several imbalances between platelets, endothelium and immune system, also cytokine production. Aim of this study To report cases with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and COVID-19 and review COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction literature. Methods Primary laboratory data, peripheral blood smear, ADAMTS13 antigen activity level, and antibody ordered for each of these four patients. Treatments for COVID-19 administered for all patients. Traditional treatments for TTP also were administered. Results There were numerous schistocytes (more than 5%) in peripheral blood smears for each patient. ADAMTS13 antigen activity level was below 10%, and ADAMTS13 antibody was elevated for each patient. COVID-19 PCR was positive for all patients, and CT-Scans were indicative of the involvement of COVID-19. Conclusion In this case series, we reported four COVID-19 patients who presented with signs and symptoms of anemia and thrombocytopenia, resulting in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Introduction: Deferasirox is a new oral iron chelating agent which has been administered in β-thalassemia major patients in last few years. There is some reports regarding nephrotoxicity of this agent; however, no comparative study has been conducted yet. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of kidney dysfunction in β-thalassemia major patients receiving either desferal or deferasirox as iron chelating agents. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, adult patients with β-thalassemia major who received 25 mg/kg/d of desferal or 25 mg/kg/d of deferasirox were studied. We compared them for serum calcium (Ca), creatinine (Cr) levels and 24 hours urine collection for proportion of Ca and protein. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula. Results: Twenty-seven patients receiving desferal and 23 patients receiving deferasirox were evaluated. There was no significant difference of calciuria (P=0.19), glycosuria (P=0.508), mean 24-hour urine proteinuria (P=0.44), mean serum Cr (P=0.47), serum Ca level (P = 0.067) and mean eGFR (P=0.42) between two groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference of hypercalciuria, glycosuria, mean eGFR, proteinuria, and also serum Cr between β-thalassemia major patients who received desferal or deferasirox.

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the cephalometric changes in Class II Division I mandibular deficient patients treated with the Fränkel 2 and Farmand appliances as a new functional appliance. Methodology: Fifty-five subjects treated for Class II Division I malocclusion and mandibular deficiency were selected for the study. Twenty-seven of the subjects (17 girls, 10 boys) with the mean age of 11.1 (SD 1.4) years were treated with the Farmand appliance and twenty-eight of them (15 girls, 13 boys) with the mean age of 11 (SD 1.5) years were treated with the FR-2 appliance. T-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test were used to evaluate the data. Results: A skeletal Class I relationship and a marked reduction in overjet were achieved in both treatment groups. ANB decreased significantly by 3.2 (SD 1.7) degrees in the Farmand appliance group and it decreased significantly by 3.5 (SD 1.6) degrees in the Fränkel group. Conclusion: Both Farmand and Fränkel appliances were successful in the correction of mandibular deficiency in Class II Division 1 patients.

Objective The present study aimed to compare dentoskeletal changes in mandibular-deficient patients treated with Bionator and Farmand appliances. Methods This study included 54 subjects treated for class II division I malocclusion. All subjects fulfilled the following criteria: ANB>5°, SNB 5 mm. The Bionator group consisted of 27 patients (15 girls, 12 boys) with the mean age of 11 (SD 1) years and the Farmand group consisted of 27 patients (17 girls, 10 boys) with the mean age of 11.1 (SD 1.4) years. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney test. Results In the Farmand group, SNB significantly increased from 74.3° (SD 1.7) to 77.6° (SD 2.3) and ANB decreased by 3.2° (SD 1.7) (p

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cephalometric changes in Class II division 1 mandibular deficient patients treated with Farmand functional appliance. Methods and Materials: Twenty-seven subjects (17 girls and 10 boys) with the mean age of 11.1±1.4 years were involved in the present study. All the subjects were treated with Farmand functional appliance. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to evaluate the data. The significance level was set at P

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypodontia, hyperdontia, and impacted teeth in children with various types of clefts. Methods This study sample consisted of 201 cleft patients including 131 male subjects with a mean age of 12.3 ± 4 years and 70 female subjects with a mean age of 12.6 ± 3.9 years. Charts, models, radiographs, and intraoral photographs were used for the study. t tests, chi-square tests, and binomial tests were used for assessment of the data. Results and Conclusions Hypodontia was found in 129 subjects (64.1%). The chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference between the type of cleft and hypodontia (P

Objective Improvement in appearance is an important motivation for orthodontic treatment; nevertheless, not all patients with malocclusion seek treatment; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the psychological state of patients with moderate to severe malocclusion who seek orthodontic treatment with patients who suffer from similar malocclusion but do not seek treatment. Materials and Methods Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2 questionnaire which assesses psychological states of people were given to 100 subject with moderate to severe malocclusion who were undergoing orthodontic treatment and 100 subjects with similar malocclusion who did not request orthodontic treatment. All subjects had similar demographic variables. Clinical scales measured by the test included: Hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and hypomania. The questionnaire consisted of 71 questions, and the subjects had to mark “True” or “False” in response. The scores were transformed into T-scores by a trained psychologist. The results were evaluated by independent t-test. Results and Conclusion The results of the test showed that both treated and untreated subjects were in similar psychological state and were psychologically normal; therefore, it is likely that other factors affect patients’ willingness for seeking orthodontic treatment rather than their psychological state.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cleft sidedness, and the number of congenitally missing teeth in regard to cleft type and gender. Methods: The charts, models, radiographs, and intraoral photographs of 201 cleft patients including 131 males with the mean age of 12.3 ± 4 years and 70 females with the mean age of 12.6 ± 3.9 years were used for the study. T test, Chi-square, and binomial tests were used for assessment of the data. Results and conclusions: One hundred forty-eight of the subjects suffered from cleft lip and palate followed by 41 subjects who suffered from cleft lip and alveolus. Chi-square test did not show any significant difference between the genders. Binomial test showed that left-sided cleft was more predominant in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (P < 0.001). This study also showed that the upper lateral incisors were the most commonly missing teeth in the cleft area.

Return to work (RTW) is an important outcome following disc herniation surgery. The present study aimed at determining factors that may affect early RTW after disc herniation surgery. Data were collected from 603 patients who underwent disc herniation surgery in an educational hospital via phone interviews during a 4-year period (2005-2009). Delayed RTW and failed RTW were associated with female gender, lower educational levels, longer hospitalization periods, greater BMI, biological age exceeding 40 years, employment in manual labor, lack of encouragement by the physician to RTW, being in pain at the time of the phone interview, having negative expectations about the outcome of surgery preoperatively, and low job satisfaction ( P < .05). Psychological and occupational factors have direct effects on RTW. Important factors include positive expectations about the outcome of surgery, encouragement by the physician to RTW, job characteristics, and job satisfaction. RTW can be accelerated by appropriate strategies and team work.