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Perilampus awbalus Yoo and Darling n. sp. Figures 2D‒F, 3C, 3D, Appendix 1 Material examined. Holotype. “ United Arab Emirates: Wadi Safad, 25°13'N, 56°19'E, 1-15 Apr 2006, A van Harten, Light trap ”, “Digital Image Voucher 2019, Royal Ontario Museum”. The holotype is point-mounted (Female: ROME174255, ROME). Paratype. United Arab Emirates: Wadi Safad, 25°13’N, 56°19'E: 2-26 Jan 2006, A van Harten, Light trap (1 female: ROME174241 - EAD). Additional material examined. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Garamba National Park [Congo Belge, P.N.G.], 9-VI-52, H. De Saeger (1 female: ROME158945 - RMCA). Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to 'awbal' (أوبال), Arabic for opal, a reference to the opal-like body coloration with cupreous, violaceous, and greenish iridescences. Description. Female. Length: approximately 2.5 mm (HT 2.5 mm). Color: cupreous, midlobe of mesoscutum and scutellum red and black, meso- and metapleura blue-violet, lateral lobes blue-green in dorsal view, raised smooth scale on mesoscutum same color as mesoscutum, dorsellum black with blue reflections. Legs: coxae, femora, and tibiae brown, lighter distad and on inner surfaces, with weak violet reflections, stronger on hind femora, tarsi brown. Antenna: scape brown with iridescence, pedicel brown, flagellum yellow. Head (Figs 2E, 2F, 3C): in frontal view quadrate, slightly wider than high, HW/HH approximately 1.2, sparsely setose to smooth; in dorsal view weakly transverse, width slightly wider than twice length, HW/HL 2.1–2.2; slightly wider than pronotum, HW/PW approximately 1.1–1.2. Frontal carina: absent. Scrobal cavity (Fig. 2E): shallow, with weak smooth ridge from between median and lateral ocelli towards eye margin. Ocelli: small; forming a wide triangle, POL about twice distance between posterior and anterior ocelli; POL at least twice OOL. Vertex: falling off abruptly behind; smooth, interocellar region weakly rugulose-foveate; occiput with median furrow delimited below vertex, with costulae. Outer orbits: smooth, strong costulae behind. Inner orbits: in lateral view, nearly parallel to inner eye margin; smooth. Malar space: long, greater than 0.25× eye height, MS/EH approximately 0.3; malar sulcus distinct; with very shallow piliferous punctures. Clypeus (Fig. 2F): weakly transverse, wider than high, CW/ CH approximately 1.7–1.8, trapezoidal, lateral sulci weak and straight, weakly divergent; epistomal sulcus concave, deeper and more distinct than lateral sulci, only slightly extended ventrad; lower margin convex. Supraclypeal area: subquadrate. Antenna: scape length approximately 0.6× EH; anellus subquadrate, length approximately 0.3× PL; F1 subquadrate, subequal in length to pedicel, F1L/PL approximately 0.9, F2 subquadrate, F3–F7 transverse; clava 4-segmented, with distinct terminal button. Mesosoma (Figs 2D, 3C, 3D): length approximately 1.3× maximum width. Pronotum in dorsal view: short, about 0.25× length of mesoscutum, PN/MSC 0.2‒0.3; shorter along midline, 0.5‒0.6× LPP; anterior margin sharp, all rows of punctures on same plane; with very weak flange on the lateral panel of pronotum at the level of mesothoracic spiracle. Lateral panel of pronotum (Fig. 3D): about as wide as prepectus, LPP/PPT approximately 0.8; flat, with 3 rows of punctures with narrow interspaces, ventrad with narrow coriarious patch; anterior margin sharp; posterior margin ventrad nearly flat, with row of alveolae. Prepectus: broad; differentiated from pronotum, with distinct suture; ventral strap short (Fig. 3D, arrow), without row of alveolae; central area weakly coriarious, with foveae along dorsal and posterior margins. Femoral depression: weakly rugose, with foveae. Midlobe of mesoscutum (Fig. 3C): with nearly flat scale-like tubercle (Fig. 3C, arrow); with round punctures and wide, weakly coriarious interspaces anterad, angulate punctures and narrow interspaces posterad. Lateral lobe of mesoscutum: strongly rugulose dorsad; rugulose-punctate laterad. Scutellum: about as long as mesoscutum, SC/MSC approximately 1.1; posterior margin smoothly rounded; with angulate punctures and narrow interspaces. Axilla: densely punctate dorsad, imbricate below. Axillula: wide triangular lobe, as long as width at base, smooth. Propodeum: length along midline about 0.3×third width of propodeum; submedian area shagreened, with weak groove along median carina; alveolaterugose laterad; delimited laterad and ventrad by complete plicae, dorsad by transverse band of foveae; propodeal spiracle margin reticulate ventrad; nucha rugulose. Fore wing (Fig. 2D): postmarginal vein long, 0.8–0.9× length of marginal vein, approximately twice length of stigmal vein; stigmal vein rounded without uncus. Metasoma (Figs 2D, 3C): petiole short and straplike, smooth, without raised scale; Gt2 weakly wrinkled along midline, weakly imbricate laterad, posterior margin straight; Gt3 punctulate dorsad and laterad. Male. Unknown. Variation. The lateral lobe of the mesoscutum is striate in the holotype (Fig. 3C) and weakly rugulous in the paratype. Diagnosis. Perilampus awbalus can be distinguished from P. auratus and P. ardens by the contrasted blue coloration and striations on the lateral lobes of mesoscutum (Fig. 3C), nearly flat scale-like tubercle on the midlobe of mesoscutum (Fig. 3C, arrow), flat posterior vertex that falls off abruptly (Fig. 2E), wider lateral panel of pronotum (Fig. 3D), and punctuate Gt3 (Fig. 2D). Perilampus awbalus can further be differentiated from P. ardens by more quadrate clypeus (Fig. 2F) and slightly narrower prepectus (Fig. 3D). Perilampus awbalus is morphologically similar to P. seyrigi but can be distinguished by its smaller size (2.5 versus about 5 mm), rounded versus bilobed apex of scutellum, wider and shorter smooth scale on the midlobe of mesoscutum, and less densely punctuate Gt3. See also Appendix 1, P. auratus and P. seyrigi., Published as part of Darling, D. Christopher & Yoo, Jeong, 2021, The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on pages 109-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5223041

Perilampus Latreille, 1809 Type species: Cynips italica Fabricius, 1793, subsequent designation by Westwood, 1839., Published as part of Darling, D. Christopher & Yoo, Jeong, 2021, The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5223041

Perilampus yemenensis Yoo and Darling n. sp. Figures 10A‒F, 11A‒E, Appendix 1 Material examined. Holotype. “ Yemen: Abyan, Al Kowd, 13°5'0"N, 45°22'0"E, 1-5 Sep 2001, A van Harten; S Al Haruri, Light trap ”, “Digital Image Voucher 2019, Royal Ontario Museum”. The holotype is point-mounted (Female: ROME159199, ROME). Paratype. Yemen: Abyan, Al Kowd, 13°5'0"N, 45°22'0"E: Jul-Sep 2001, A van Harten; S Al Haruri, Malaise trap (1 female: ROME159195 - EAD); (1 male: DCD Slide #2251 ♂ genitalia, ROME159193 - ROME). Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to Yemen, the only country where specimens of this species have been collected. Description. Length: approximately 1.8‒2.3 mm (HT 2.1 mm). Color: black, scutellum with blue iridescent reflections, dorsellum black with blue reflections. Legs: coxae black, hind femora black or brown, pro and meso femora and tibiae brown, lighter distad and on inner surfaces, with weak blue reflections, tarsi brown. Antennae: scape brown, lighter distad, pedicel and flagellum brown. Head: (Figs 10B, 10C) in frontal view quadrate, slightly wider than high, HW/HH approximately 1.2, sparsely setose to smooth; in dorsal view weakly transverse (Fig. 10B), width same or slightly greater than twice length, HW/HL 2.0–2.1; wider than pronotum, HW/PW approximately 1.3. Frontal carina: absent. Scrobal cavity: shallow; weak round swelling originating from between median and lateral ocelli extend towards eye margin. Ocelli: large; forming a wide triangle, POL about twice distance between posterior and anterior ocelli; POL very long,>2.5× OOL. Vertex: rounded behind; smooth, interocellar region with long groove originating from occiput to anterior ocellus (Fig. 10B, arrow); occiput with median furrow delimited below vertex, with costulae. Outer orbits: smooth, strong costulae behind. Inner orbits: in lateral view, nearly parallel to inner eye margin; smooth. Malar space: short, about 0.2× eye height, MS/EH approximately 0.2; malar sulcus distinct; very weakly coriarious (Fig. 10C). Clypeus: weakly transverse, wider than high, CW/ CH approximately 1.7–1.8, trapezoidal, lateral sulci weak and straight or weakly rounded, weakly divergent; epistomal sulcus straight or weakly concave, same strength as lateral sulci, only slightly extended ventrad; lower margin convex. Supraclypeal area: subquadrate, 0.7–0.8× CH. Antenna: scape length approximately 0.5× EH; anellus length approximately 0.1× PL; F1 subquadrate, shorter than pedicel, F1L/PL approximately 0.6–0.7, F2 subquadrate, F3–F7 transverse; clava 4-segmented, with distinct terminal button. Mesosoma (Figs 10A, 10D, 10E, 10F, 11A): length approximately 1.3× maximum width. Pronotum in dorsal view: short, about 0.25× length of mesoscutum, PN/MSC 0.2–0.3; shorter along midline, 0.5‒0.6× length laterad; anterior margin sharp, the first row of punctures slightly lower; without flange on lateral panel of pronotum at the level of mesothoracic spiracle. Lateral panel of pronotum: slightly wider than prepectus, LPP/PPT approximately 1.2–1.3; flat, with 3 rows of punctures and wide coriarious interspaces dorsad, ventrad with wide coriarious patch; anterior margin slightly rounded; posterior margin ventrad grooved, with row of alveolae. Prepectus (Fig. 10D): narrow; nearly indistinguishable from pronotum, without distinct suture; ventral strap long (Fig. 10D, arrow), with row of alveolae; central area smooth, with foveae along dorsal and posterior margins. Femoral depression: nearly smooth. Midlobe of mesoscutum (Fig. 11A): without transverse tubercle; punctures rounded to weakly angulate, with wide and coriarious interspaces. Lateral lobe of mesoscutum: smooth dorsad; coriarious-punctate laterad. Scutellum: about as long as mesoscutum, SC/MSC approximately 1.1; posterior margin smoothly rounded; punctures rounded to weakly angulate, with wide and coriarious interspaces. Axilla: punctate dorsad, imbricate below. Axillula: short triangular lobe, shorter than width at base, smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 10E): length along midline about 0.3× width of propodeum; submedian area imbricate, with weak groove along median carina; weakly imbricate laterad; plicae incomplete laterad, delimited ventrad by plicae, dorsad by transverse band of foveae; propodeal spiracle margin narrowly foveate ventrad; nucha rugulose. Fore wing (Fig. 10F): postmarginal vein long, 0.8‒0.9× length of marginal vein, 1.4‒1.6× length of stigmal vein; stigmal vein with weak uncus. Metasoma: petiole short with large smooth to weakly rugulose raised scale (10E, arrow); Gt2 smooth, posterior margin weakly concave at middle; Gt3 smooth. Male. Length: approximately 1.7mm. Color, structure, and sculptures similar to female except as follows: Head (Fig. 11B): in dorsal view quadrate. Ocelli: larger. Malar space: shorter, with stronger coriarious sculpture (Fig. 11C). Scape (Fig. 11D): about 0.5× EH; weakly stout, length about 4.7× width above radicle; strongly expanded distad, about 1.2× width above radicle; punctures covering about 0.4× scape length, with slightly wide interspaces. Mesosoma: more elongate, length approximately 1.4× maximum width. Gt3: weakly imbricate dorsad. Aedeagus: with paired lateral spines (Fig. 11K, arrow). Diagnosis. The following combination of characters will distinguish P. yemenensis from the other species of the P. tristis species group: postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein (Fig. 10F), indistinct suture between prepectus and pronotum (Fig. 10D), strongly imbricate submedian area of propodeum (Fig. 10E), mesonotum with coriarious interspaces (Fig. 11A), weakly bluish iridescence on scutellum, coriarious malar region, which is stronger in male (Figs 10C, 11C), and slightly stout male scape with large punctures covering slightly less than 0.5 scape length (Fig. 11D)., Published as part of Darling, D. Christopher & Yoo, Jeong, 2021, The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on pages 125-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5223041

Perilampus houbaraensis Yoo and Darling n. sp. Figures 10G‒L, 11F‒K, Appendix 1 Material examined. Holotype. “ United Arab Emirates: Al Houbara Protected Area, 24°00'36"N, 54°02'24"E, 1- 31 May 2016, A Saji; A van Harten, Malaise trap ”, “Digital Image Voucher 2019, Royal Ontario Museum”. The holotype is point-mounted (Female: ROME159089, ROME). Paratypes. 2 males. United Arab Emirates: Al Houbara Protected Area, 24°00'36"N, 54°02'24"E, 1-31 Mar 2016, A Saji; A van Harten, Malaise trap (ROME159086 - EAD, ROME159087 - ROME). Additional material examined. Yemen: 1 male. Abyan, Al Kowd, 13°5'0"N, 45°22'0"E: 1-5 Sep 2001, A van Harten; S Al Haruri, Light trap (1 male: ROME159198 - ROME). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Al Houbara Protected Area, where most specimens, including the holotype, were collected. Description. Female. Length: approximately 1.4 mm (HT 1.4 mm). Color: black, mesonotum with iridescent blue reflections, dorsellum black with blue reflections. Legs: coxae black, hind femora black or brown, pro and meso femora and tibiae brown, lighter distad and on inner surfaces, with weak blue reflections, tarsi brown. Antennae: scape brown, lighter distad, pedicel and flagellum brown. Head (Figs 10H, 10I): in frontal view quadrate, slightly wider than high, HW/HH approximately 1.2, sparsely setose to smooth; in dorsal view weakly transverse (Fig. 8H), width same or slightly greater than twice length, HW/HL 2.0‒2.1; wider than pronotum, HW/PW about 1.4. Frontal carina: absent. Scrobal cavity: shallow; with weak round swelling originating from between median and lateral ocelli extend towards eye margin. Ocelli: large; forming a wide triangle, POL about twice distance between posterior and anterior ocelli; POL very long,>2.5× OOL. Vertex: rounded behind; smooth, interocellar region with long groove originating from occiput to anterior ocellus (Fig. 10H, arrow); occiput with median furrow delimited below vertex, with costulae. Outer orbits: smooth, strong costulae behind. Inner orbits: in lateral view, nearly parallel to inner eye margin; smooth. Malar space: short, about 0.2× eye height, MS/EH approximately 0.2; smooth (Fig. 10I). Clypeus: weakly transverse, wider than high, CW/ CH approximately 1.7‒1.8, trapezoidal, lateral sulci weak and straight or weakly rounded, weakly divergent; epistomal sulcus straight or weakly concave, same strength as lateral sulci, only slightly extended ventrad; lower margin convex. Supraclypeal area: subquadrate. Antenna: scape length approximately 0.5× EH; anellus length approximately 0.1× PL; F1 subquadrate, shorter than pedicel, F1L/PL approximately 0.6‒0.7, F2–F7 transverse; clava 4-segmented, with distinct terminal button. Mesosoma (Figs 10G, 10J, 10K, 10L, 11F): length approximately 1.4× maximum width. Pronotum in dorsal view: short, about 0.25× length of mesoscutum, PN/MSC 0.2‒0.3; shorter along midline, 0.5‒0.6× length laterad; anterior margin sharp, the first row of punctures slightly lower; without flange on lateral panel of pronotum at the level of mesothoracic spiracle. Lateral panel of pronotum: nearly as wide as prepectus, LPP/PPT approximately 1.1‒1.2; flat, with 3 rows of punctures and wide coriarious interspaces dorsad, ventrad with wide coriarious patch; anterior margin slightly rounded; posterior margin ventrad grooved, with row of alveolae. Prepectus (Fig. 10J): narrow; nearly indistinguishable from pronotum, without distinct suture; ventral strap long (Fig. 10J, arrow), with row of alveolae. Femoral depression: nearly smooth. Midlobe of mesoscutum (Fig. 11F): without transverse tubercle; punctures rounded to weakly angulate, with wide and weakly coriarious to nearly smooth interspaces. Lateral lobe of mesoscutum: smooth dorsad; coriarious-punctate laterad. Scutellum: about as long as mesoscutum, SC/MSC approximately 1.1; posterior margin smoothly rounded; punctures rounded to weakly angulate, with wide and weakly coriarious to nearly smooth interspaces. Axilla: punctate dorsad, imbricate below. Axillula: short triangular lobe, shorter than width at base, smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 10K): length along midline about 0.3× width of propodeum; submedian area shagreened to smooth, with weak groove along median carina; smooth laterad; plicae incomplete laterad, delimited ventrad by plicae, dorsad by transverse band of foveae; propodeal spiracle margin narrowly foveate ventrad; nucha rugulose. Fore wing (Fig. 10L): postmarginal vein long, 0.8‒0.9× length of marginal vein, 1.4‒1.6× length of stigmal vein; stigmal vein with weak uncus. Metasoma: petiole short with large smooth to weakly rugulose raised scale (Fig. 10G, arrow); Gt2 smooth, posterior margin weakly concave at middle; Gt3 smooth. Male. Length: approximately 1.4‒1.6 mm. Color: mesonotum with blue or green-blue reflections. Structure and sculpture similar to female except as follows: Head (Fig. 11G): in dorsal view quadrate. Ocelli: larger. Malar space: shorter. Scape (Figs 11I, 11J): about 0.5× EH; elongate, length about 5× width above radicle; strongly expanded distad, about 1.4× width above radicle; punctures covering about 0.3 scape length, with slightly wide interspaces. Mesosoma: more elongate, length approximately 1.5× maximum width. Gt3: weakly imbricate dorsad. Aedeagus: with paired lateral spines (Fig. 11K, arrow). Variation. One male specimen (ROME159198) lacks iridescence on the mesonotum. Diagnosis. Perilampus houbaraensis is very similar to P.yemenensis with similar venation (i.e., long postmarginal vein) and prepectus (i.e. indistinct suture between prepectus and pronotum). However, P. houbaraensis and P. yemenensis can be distinguished by differences in sculpture: nearly smooth versus strongly imbricate propodeum (Fig. 10K cf. 10E), smooth versus coriarious malar space (Figs 10I, 11H cf. Figs 10C, 11C), and weakly coriarious to nearly smooth versus strongly coriarious interspaces on mesonotum (Fig. 11F cf. 11A). And the male scape of P. houbaraensis is more slender with punctures covering a smaller area than in P. yemenensis (Figs 11I, 11J cf. Fig. 11D)., Published as part of Darling, D. Christopher & Yoo, Jeong, 2021, The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on pages 122-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5223041

Perilampus microgastris Ferrière, 1930 Figure 6, 7, Appendix 1 Material Examined. Lectotype, female PRESENT DESIGNATION: India " Rahatgaon, Hoshangabad, C.P., S. N. Chatterjee, 23.IX.1926 ", "Parasite on Apanteles machaeralis Wilk. ", “Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. Brit. Mus 1931- 140.”, “123”, Perilampus microgastris species Ch. Ferriere det. ♀ ", “Digital Image Voucher 2019, Royal Ontario Museum”, “ LECTOTYPE ♀ Perilampus microgastris Ferrière design. J Yoo and DC Darling 2020 ROME174201 ” (NHMUK, Appendix 1). Paralectotype, male: India “Arcadia T. E. Dehra Dun, U.P., S.M. Chatterjee, 29. XI 1932 ”, “Parasite of Harpalia machaeralis larva”, “Hyperparasite”, ROME174202 (NHMUK). Additional material examined. United Arab Emirates: 11 females, 6 males. al-Wathba Wetland Reserve, 24°15'00"N, 54°36'36"E: 1-28 Feb 2015, A Saji; A van Harten, Malaise trap (1 male: ROME159081 - ROME). Barg al-Saqoor, 24°1’N, 52°35'E: 29 Mar 2018, A Saji; A van Harten, Malaise trap (1 female: ROME176778 - ROME). Wadi Bih dam, 25°48’N, 56°04'E: 22-26 Mar 2009, A van Harten, Pan traps (1 female: ROME174246 - ROME); 24 Apr-23 May 2007, A van Harten, Light trap (2 females: ROME174251 - ROME, ROME174252 - ROME); 30 Apr-4 Jun 2008, A van Harten, Light trap (1 male: ROME174245 - ROME); 30 May-5 Jun 2007, A van Harten, Light trap (2 females: ROME159207 - CNC, ROME159206 - ROME; 1 male: DCD Slide #2252 ♂ genitalia, ROME159208 - ROME); 6-13 May 2007, A van Harten, Light trap (2 females: ROME174233 - ROME, ROME174234 - ROME); 9-23 Jul 2008, A van Harten, Light trap (1 female: ROME174253 - ROME). Wadi Safad, 25°13’N, 56°19'E: 1-15 Apr 2006, A van Harten, Light trap (1 male: ROME174256 - ROME); 14-21 May 2006, A van Harten, Light trap (1 female: ROME174230 - ROME); 15-23 Apr 2006, A van Harten, Light trap (1 male: ROME174228 - EAD); 21 Feb-4 Mar 2006, A van Harten, Light trap (1 female: ROME174225 - NHMUK; 1 male: ROME174226 - ROME). Redescription. Length: approximately 2.1‒2.7 mm. Color: black, mesonotum black with or without weak bronze reflections, metasoma black or brown, dorsellum black with bronze reflections. Legs: coxae black, hind femora black or brown, pro and meso femora and tibiae brown, lighter distad and on inner surfaces, with weak blue reflections, tarsi brown. Antennae: scape black or brown, pedicel brown, flagellum yellow or brown, often darker dorsad. Head (Figs 6D, 6E): in frontal view quadrate (Fig. 6E), slightly wider than high, HW/HH approximately 1.2, densely setose; in dorsal view weakly transverse (Fig. 6D), width same or slightly greater than twice length, HW/HL 2.0‒2.1; wider than pronotum, HW/PW approximately 1.2‒1.3. Frontal carina: absent. Scrobal cavity: shallow; very weak round swelling originating from between median and lateral ocelli extend towards eye margin. Ocelli: large; forming a wide triangle, POL about twice distance between posterior and anterior ocelli; POL at least twice OOL. Vertex: rounded behind; smooth, interocellar region smooth; occiput flat, without median furrow (Fig. 6D, arrow), with costulae. Outer orbits: smooth, strong costulae behind. Inner orbits: in lateral view, nearly parallel to inner eye margin; smooth. Malar space: short, about 0.2× eye height, MS/EH approximately 0.2; malar sulcus distinct; smooth. Clypeus: weakly transverse, wider than high, CW/ CH approximately 1.7‒1.8, trapezoidal, lateral sulci weak and straight or weakly rounded, weakly divergent; epistomal sulcus straight or weakly concave, deeper and more distinct than lateral sulci, only slightly extended ventrad; lower margin convex. Supraclypeal area: subquadrate. Antenna: scape length approximately 0.5× EH; anellus length approximately 0.1× PL; F1 subquadrate, subequal in length to pedicel, F1L/PL approximately 0.9, F2 subquadrate, F3‒F7 transverse; clava 4-segmented, with distinct terminal button. Mesosoma (Figs 6B, 6C, 6F, 6G): length approximately 1.2‒1.3× maximum width. Pronotum in dorsal view: short, about 0.25× length of mesoscutum, PN/MSC 0.2‒0.3; shorter along midline, 0.5‒0.6× length laterad; anterior margin sharp, the first row of punctures slightly lower; with flange lateral panel of pronotum at the level of mesothoracic spiracle. Lateral panel of pronotum (Fig. 6F): nearly as wide as prepectus, LPP/PPT approximately 1.1‒1.2; flat, with 3 rows of punctures and wide coriarious interspaces dorsad, ventrad with wide coriarious patch; anterior margin slightly rounded; posterior margin ventrad nearly flat, with a row of alveolae. Prepectus: narrow; nearly indistinguishable from pronotum, without distinct suture; ventral strap short (Fig. 6F, arrow), without row of alevolae; central area smooth, with foveae along dorsal and posterior margins. Femoral depression: densely rugose, with foveae. Midlobe of mesoscutum (Fig. 6B): without transverse tubercle; with weakly angulate to round punctures and narrow coriarious interspaces. Lateral lobe of mesoscutum: smooth dorsad; coriarious-punctate laterad. Scutellum: about as long as mesoscutum, SC/MSC approximately 1.1; posterior margin smoothly rounded; with weakly angulate to round punctures and narrow coriarious interspaces. Axilla: punctate dorsad, imbricate below. Axillula: short triangular lobe, shorter than width at base, smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 6G): length along midline about 0.3× width of propodeum; submedian area shagreened to smooth, with weak groove along median carina; smooth laterad; delimited laterad and ventrad by complete plicae and dorsad by transverse band of foveae; propodeal spiracle margin widely foveate ventrad (Fig. 6G, arrow); nucha weakly rugulose. Fore wing (Fig. 6C): postmarginal vein short, 0.6‒0.7× length of marginal vein, 1.4‒1.6× length of stigmal vein; stigmal vein rounded without uncus. Metasoma: petiole short and straplike, smooth, without raised scale (Fig. 6G); Gt2 smooth, posterior margin weakly concave at middle; Gt3 smooth or weakly imbricate dorsad. Male. Length: approximately 1.8‒2.3 mm. Color, structure, and sculpture similar to female, except: Head (Fig. 7A): in dorsal quadrate. Ocelli: larger. Malar space: shorter. Scape (Fig. 7B, 7C): about 0.5× EH; stout or elongate, length 4‒5× width above radicle; punctures covering about 0.4 scape length, with wide interspaces. Aedeagus: without paired lateral spines. Variation. Two specimens are tentatively assigned to this species. One male has a slightly elongate scape (ROME159081) and a female has imbricate sculpture on Gt3 (ROME174252). Diagnosis. Perilampus microgastris can be distinguished from other UAE species by black color with or without weak cupreous iridescence on mesonotum (Fig. 6B), flat occiput without furrow (Figs 6D, 7A, arrows), mesonotum with narrow and coriarious interspaces (Fig. 6B), prepectus narrow (Fig. 6F) with short ventral lobe (Fig. 6F, arrow) and an indistinct suture along the pronotum, propodeum with large foveae surrounding spiracles (Fig. 6G, arrow); and males with a stout scape with large punctures covering about 0.4 scape length (Figs 7B, 7C), and the aedeagus without spines. Remarks. Ferrière (1930) described this species from what we regard as a mixed syntype series and a lectotype is designated from India to stabilize the nomenclature. There are at least two species in the syntype series from India, and minimally some of the syntypes from Java are not regarded by us as conspecific with the lectotype (e.g., ROME174203-NHMUK). The clypeus of the lectotype (Fig. 7D) agrees with the UAE specimens (Fig. 6E) whereas the clypeus is more quadrate in specimens from Java (Fig. 7H). In addition, the OOL of both males and females from Java (Fig. 7E) is longer than in the lectotype of P. microgastris and in females (Fig. 6D) and males from UAE (Fig. 7A). The male scape is stouter with slightly larger pores in P. microgastris (Figs 7B, 7C, 7F), compared with the males from Java (Fig. 7G)., Published as part of Darling, D. Christopher & Yoo, Jeong, 2021, The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on pages 114-117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5223041, {"references":["Ferriere, C. (1930) Notes on Asiatic Chalcidoidea. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 21, 353 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530002188 X"]}

Darling, D. Christopher, Yoo, Jeong (2021): The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa 5020 (1): 101-129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.5

Krombeinius Bouček, 1978 Type species: Krombeinius eumendarum Bouček, 1978, by original designation., Published as part of Darling, D. Christopher & Yoo, Jeong, 2021, The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5223041

Krombeinius almokha Darling n. sp. Figure 1, Appendix 1 Material examined. Holotype. “ Yemen: Abyan, Al Kowd, 13°5'0"N, 45°22'0"E, June 2002, light trap, A. van Harten, S. Al Haruri ”, “DNA voucher D#5235 UCR, JM Heraty”, “Anchored Enrichment # I24018 “, “Digital Image Voucher 2019, Royal Ontario Museum”. The holotype is point-mounted and one hind leg was removed for DNA analysis (Female: ROME176884, ROME). Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to the Yemeni port of Al Mokha, which was responsible for bringing coffee to the world. Noun in apposition. Description. Female: length 3.8 mm. Black, except: mandible reddish-brown, femora and tibiae brown, tarsi yellow; with long white setae throughout. Wings hyaline, veins darkened. Head (Figs 1A, D, E, F): wider than pronotum, in dorsal view transverse, width about twice length; in frontal view rounded, width:height = 1.2; scrobes narrow, maximum width 0.4× head width; posterior ocelli equidistant from anterior ocellus and eye margin, POL long, about twice OOL; inner orbits smooth and shining, with long dense setae, developed as low scrobal walls, with 2 strong costae (Fig. 1F); outer orbits smooth; ocular-ocellar region without costae radiating from ocelli, shagreened inside ocellar triangle; vertex with weak costae at posterior margin; scrobal cavity deep and broad, delimited by short frontal carina; frontal carina not reaching level of toruli, smoothly curved; malar region short and smooth, without sulcus or costae convergent on clypeus, length of malar space only 0.2× eye height; clypeus transverse, width:height = 1.5, almost completely covered with long setae, smooth only along supraclypeus; clypeus delimited laterad by weak sutures, smooth and shining with sparse setae on weak raised median callus, upper margin not indicated by distinct epistomal suture, tentorial pits indistinct, lower margin with denser setae, apex weakly emarginate; supraclypeus smooth, height 0.6× clypeus height, strongly convex along midline, without distinct channels for reception of antenna; antennal torulus situated above lower ocular line. Mandibles 3:2 dentate, left mandible with bifurcate tooth. Antenna (Fig. 1F): scape narrowly linear, length about 7× maximum width; pedicel length about 1.5× width, and subequal in length funicular segments F2‒F7; anellus 0.43× length of Fl; F1shorter, subquadrate, width about 1.5× length, F2‒7 transverse, wider than long, transverse, length 0.6‒0.7× width; clava 0.33× length of funicle, with distinct apical process. Mesosoma (Figs 1C, G): pronotum bicarinulate and narrowed along midline, PN:MSC = 0.23, weakly rugose, lateral pronotum with very weak callus; midlobe of mesoscutum and scutellum regularly punctate; sidelobes of mesoscutum smooth along notauli, with dense setae, reticulate laterad; scutellum acuminate, SC/MSC = 1.27, in lateral view convex, apex high, subvertical and only weakly produced over propodeum, underside with shallow crenulate grooves; propodeum about twice [approximately 1.7×] as long as metanotum along midline, with deep crenulate groove along anterior margin and double row of foveae along midline, submedian areas delimited by deep foveae dorsad and laterad, weakly imbricate, callus reticulate-rugose; metanotum with foveae along anterior and posterior margins; prepectus 0.5× width of adjacent pronotum (Fig. 1C), with about 8 rounded piliferous foveae, margins smooth, with a smooth posterior band, sculpture similar to but stronger than lateral pronotal panel; axilla punctate above, smooth below; axillula large, upper margin carinate, distinctly separated from scutellum, narrowly triangular and extended more than half way to apex of scutellum, smooth; petiole short and transverse, without a raised scale. Fore wing venation (Fig. 1B): marginal vein short, only slightly longer than postmarginal vein, submarginal vein 4× marginal vein, postmarginal vein 0.85× marginal vein, stigmal vein 0.4× marginal vein, and stigmal vein 0.5× postmarginal vein; stigmal vein thick, making almost a 90-degree angle with marginal vein, stigma gradually expanded, with 3 sensilla. Metasoma (Fig. 1H): T2 smoothly concave, weakly coriarious in concavity, with setae laterad, laterotergite smooth; border between T2 and T3 indicated by weak suture; T3 quadrate, length 0.98× width along T2, smooth and shining, covered with setae except along T2 border, smooth area wider along midline; T4‒8 exposed, not covered by T3, which is an artifact of preservation. Ovipositor not examined. Male: Unknown. Diagnosis. Krombeinius almokha is the only species of the genus with the body festooned with large and dense white setae (Fig. 1A). It is also the only species with a smooth malar region, without oblique costae (Fig. 1E). Most species have distinct costae (Darling 1998, figs 1, 2; Darling 1997, figs 1, 7, 12), with these much shorter only in K. srilanka (Darling 1988, figs 10, 11). In addition, K. almokha and K. srilanka have relatively shorter marginal veins than all other species except K. saunion, the postmarginal vein approximately 0.85× the length of the marginal vein in these three species versus 0.5‒0.7× in all other species (Darling 1995, figs 17‒22). The scutellum of K. srilanka is also much more strongly vaulted over the propodeum than in K. almokha (Darling 1988, fig. 13 cf. Fig. 1A). Krombeinius almokha differs from the only other Afrotropical species, K. lerouxi in many additional characters. Krombeinius lerouxi is larger and more robust, 6 mm in versus 4 mm in length; the inner orbits are smooth versus costate; and the scutellum is elongate and vaulted over propodeum (Rasplus 1987, figs 1‒3). Remarks. This is only species of Krombeinius known from a dry desert or steppe region; the other species are only known from tropical rainforests. It is interesting to speculate that the dense, white setae are an adaptation to the hot, potentially desiccating habitat where the holotype was collected., Published as part of Darling, D. Christopher & Yoo, Jeong, 2021, The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), pp. 101-129 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on pages 103-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5223041, {"references":["Darling, D. C. (1995) New species of Krombeinius (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae) from Indonesia, and the first description of first-instar larva in the genus. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 69, 209 - 229.","Rasplus, J. - Y. (1987) Description d'une nouvelle espece du genre Krombeinius Boucek, 1978 recoltee en Afrique de l'ouest (Hymenoptera, Perilampidae). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, Nouvelle Serie, 9, 9 - 12."]}