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2. Modelling photothermal induced resonance microscopy: the role of interface thermal resistances

Author

Rusconi, Francesco, Finazzi, Marco, Stormonth-Darling, John M., Mills, Gordon, Badioli, Michela, Baldassarre, Leonetta, Ortolani, Michele, Biagioni, Paolo, and Giliberti, Valeria

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Infrared (IR) nanospectroscopy by photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) is a novel experimental technique that combines the nanoscale resolution granted by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the chemical labelling made possible by IR absorption spectroscopy. While the technique has developed enormously over the last decade from an experimental point of view, the theoretical modelling of the signal still varies significantly throughout the literature and misses a solid benchmark. Here, we report an analysis focused on the electromagnetic and thermal simulations of a PTIR experiment. Thanks to a control experiment where the signal is acquired as a function of the thickness of a polymer film and for different tip geometries, we find clear evidence that the interface thermal resistances play a key role in the determination of the measured signal and should therefore always be accounted for by any quantitative modelling.

Published
2021

8. Trends in the detection of aquatic non-indigenous species across global marine, estuarine and freshwater ecosystems : A 50-year perspective

Author

Bailey, Sarah A., Brown, Lyndsay, Campbell, Marnie L., Canning-Clode, João, Carlton, James T., Castro, Nuno, Chainho, Paula, Chan, Farrah T., Creed, Joel C., Curd, Amelia, Darling, John, Fofonoff, Paul, Galil, Bella S., Hewitt, Chad L., Inglis, Graeme J., Keith, Inti, Mandrak, Nicholas E., Marchini, Agnese, McKenzie, Cynthia H., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, Anna, Ojaveer, Henn, Pires-Teixeira, Larissa M., Robinson, Tamara B., Ruiz, Gregory M., Seaward, Kimberley, Schwindt, Evangelina, Son, Mikhail O., Therriault, Thomas W., and Zhan, Aibin

Published
2020

12. Enhancement of Entrepreneurial Leadership: A Case Focusing on a Model of Successful Conflict Management Skills

Author

Leffel, Anita, Hallam, Cory, and Darling, John

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present a case study focusing on a new technology start-up firm, founded by two graduate students, an engineer and a business major, who met during their university studies. The case is timely, in that only ten percent of new product introductions result in a profitable business. The causes of failure are numerous and include the following: the market may create failure; inadequate funding and capitalization; and competition from established enterprises. Several research studies also point to rising indications of interfunctional conflict in high technology companies. One reason may be that, today, management teams in such companies are typically comprised of greater levels of diversity in age, gender, ethnicity, education, and life experiences, all of which exacerbate conflicts. New venture teams, especially in a technology start-up, may be united because of the product innovation, but they may easily become disconnected and unrealistic when it comes to the management of the enterprise. The presentation and analysis of a conflict management process herein indicates that the way a start-up team manages its conflicts may have a permanent affect on the success of its entrepreneurial venture. Conflict management does not imply terminating conflict, but involves understanding strategies to minimize dysfunction and enhancing constructive effectiveness as a result of conflict. This case exposed the problems that arise due to the differences in the founders' education, background, experience and understanding of the necessary entrepreneurial mindset for success. By using a model of conflict management that encompasses four negotiation skill sets, including assessment, intervention, resolution and maintenance, their conflicts were resolved quickly and their partnership re-engineered, increasing the chance of their firm's long-term success.

Published
2012

13. Critical considerations for communicating environmental DNA science

Author

Stein, Eric D., primary, Jerde, Christopher L., additional, Allan, Elizabeth Andruszkiewicz, additional, Sepulveda, Adam J., additional, Abbott, Cathryn L., additional, Baerwald, Melinda R., additional, Darling, John, additional, Goodwin, Kelly D., additional, Meyer, Rachel S., additional, Timmers, Molly A., additional, and Thielen, Peter M., additional

Published
2023
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15. Fabrication of difficult nanostructures by injection moulding

Author

Stormonth-Darling, John Moir

Subjects
668.4, Q Science (General), TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TS Manufactures
Abstract

There is an increasing demand for nanostructured polymeric surfaces for many scientific and commercial applications including the fields of cell and tissue engineering, where the study of the ways that cells interact with their environment holds great potential for the future of regenerative medicine. Current replication based fabrication techniques, such as hot embossing, which are used to produce nanostructured surfaces for this type of research are not fast enough to keep up with the growing demand for them. Injection moulding offers a high throughput alternative to these processes and can upscale the production of nanopatterned samples by several orders of magnitude. However, the nickel moulds traditionally used to injection mould micro- and nanostructures are limited to producing recessed features due to the rate at which the injected polymer cools upon contact with it. In order to replicate raised features (e.g. pillars) the polymer needs enough time to fill the nanoscale cavities of the mould before freezing. A solution to this limitation of nickel tooling is devised and implemented, using a thermally insulating tooling material that facilitates the formation of nanopillars by injection moulding. This tooling material can be patterned by a range of fabrication techniques including photolithography and nanoimprint lithography. The tooling can be used to replicate nanopatterns over underlying micron and millimetre scale topographies. This flexible solution enables the large volume production of samples containing raised poly(carbonate) nanopillars without significantly compromising cycle time. Following this, the technique is adapted in an attempt to replicate high aspect ratio nanostructures. In this section a range of non-adhesive surface coatings are tested for their abilities to enhance the replication process through the systematic analysis of their durability and the replication fidelity that they enable. Nanopillars with aspect ratios of greater than 10:1 are successfully produced and are used to fabricate surfaces for cell engineering research. This success is also demonstrative of the technique’s potential to mass produce nanostructures for other applications such as non-reflective and dry adhesive surfaces. Finally, a study is undertaken to replicate microstructures with an elastomeric polymer. The tooling solution is used to assess the minimum feature size that can be replicated with this polymer and how processing parameters and non-adhesive coatings can improve this. This thesis documents the development of a range of enabling techniques which add to the existing toolbox of nanofabrication technologies. They address a growing demand for nanostructured polymeric surfaces in cell and tissue engineering research, whilst remaining open and adaptable to any application that requires the high throughput production of nanopatterned polymeric samples.

Published
2013

16. Early detection monitoring for aquatic non-indigenous species: Optimizing surveillance, incorporating advanced technologies, and identifying research needs

Author

Trebitz, Anett S., Hoffman, Joel C., Darling, John A., Pilgrim, Erik M., Kelly, John R., Brown, Emily A., Chadderton, W. Lindsay, Egan, Scott P., Grey, Erin K., Hashsham, Syed A., Klymus, Katy E., Mahon, Andrew R., Ram, Jeffrey L., Schultz, Martin T., Stepien, Carol A., and Schardt, James C.

Published
2017
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31. Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO)

Author

McKenzie, Cynthia, Behrens, Jane, Blakeslee, April, Canning-Clode, Joao, Chainho, Paula, Copp, Gordon, Curd, Amelia, Darling, John, Davison, Phil, Galil, Bella, Gislason, Sindri, Gollasch, Stephan, Hegele-Drywa, Joanna, Heibeck, Nicole, Howland, Kimberly, Jaspers, Cornelia, Jelmert, Anders, Jensen, Kathe, Kakkonen, Jenni, Kerckhof, Francis, Lehtiniemi, Maiju, Marchini, Agnese, Naddafi, Rahmat, Normant-Saremba, Monika, Occhipinti-Ambrogi, Anna, Olenin, Sergej, Celmente, Macarena Ros, Simard, Nathalie, Smolders, Sander, Viard, Frederique, Zabrocki, Mariusz, Zenetos, Argyro, McKenzie, Cynthia, Behrens, Jane, Blakeslee, April, Canning-Clode, Joao, Chainho, Paula, Copp, Gordon, Curd, Amelia, Darling, John, Davison, Phil, Galil, Bella, Gislason, Sindri, Gollasch, Stephan, Hegele-Drywa, Joanna, Heibeck, Nicole, Howland, Kimberly, Jaspers, Cornelia, Jelmert, Anders, Jensen, Kathe, Kakkonen, Jenni, Kerckhof, Francis, Lehtiniemi, Maiju, Marchini, Agnese, Naddafi, Rahmat, Normant-Saremba, Monika, Occhipinti-Ambrogi, Anna, Olenin, Sergej, Celmente, Macarena Ros, Simard, Nathalie, Smolders, Sander, Viard, Frederique, Zabrocki, Mariusz, and Zenetos, Argyro

Abstract

The goal of the ICES Working Group on the Introduction and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) is to contribute to the ICES vision and mission by addressing specific science objectives related to the introduction, spread and impacts of non-indigenous marine species (NIS). The expert working group provides information and advice on the impacts of human activities (e.g. pressures caused by invasive species, litter, aquaculture, biofouling) on marine ecosystems including the Arctic. The Terms of Reference include annual national reporting on NIS detections and research, climate change impact on the spread of NIS, the risk and impacts of NIS, vectors of spread of NIS including biofouling, marine debris and aquaculture. This report summarizes the key findings and outcomes from the 2020–2022 term. A joint meeting in (2020) with WGBOSV [Ballast Water and Other Ship Vectors] and WGHABD [Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics] was held to discuss scientific issues of joint interest including climate change in the Arctic environment, and early detection of and response to species through the use of innovative molecular tools. The discussion on molecular tools was used by the groups to develop the framework for a targeted Molecular Tools workshop in conjunction with at the International Conference for Marine Bioinvasions (ICMB) in May 2023. National activities were presented and discussed from over 20 countries each year. Common themes included, new species introduction and monitoring, recent activities on traditional and innovative methods for detection and surveillance (including molecular tools). Science highlights include the submission of the ICES biofouling viewpoint to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regarding biofouling guidelines, development and publication of a global scale NIS screening tool, and publication of a global review of NIS trends over 50 years. The Information system on aquatic non-indigenous and cryptogenic species AquaNIS continu

Published
2022

32. Invasion history shapes host transcriptomic response to a body‐snatching parasite

Author

Tobias, Zachary J. C., Fowler, Amy E., Blakeslee, April M. H., Darling, John A., Torchin, Mark E., Miller, A. Whitman, Ruiz, Gregory M., Tepolt, Carolyn K., Tobias, Zachary J. C., Fowler, Amy E., Blakeslee, April M. H., Darling, John A., Torchin, Mark E., Miller, A. Whitman, Ruiz, Gregory M., and Tepolt, Carolyn K.

Published
2022

40. Satellite Monitoring of Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Frequency in Recreational Waters and Drinking Water Sources

Author

Clark, John M, Schaeffer, Blake A, Darling, John A, Urquhart, Erin A, Johnston, John M, Ignatius, Amber R, Myer, Mark H, Loftin, Keith A, Werdell, P. Jeremy, and Stumpf, Richard P

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing, Oceanography
Abstract

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHAB) cause extensive problems in lakes worldwide, including human and ecological health risks, anoxia and sh kills, and taste and odor problems. CyanoHABs are a particular concern in both recreational waters and drinking water sources because of their dense biomass and the risk of exposure to toxins. Successful cyanoHAB assessment using satellites may provide an indicator for human and ecological health protection. In this study, methods were developed to assess the utility of satellite technology for detecting cyanoHAB frequency of occurrence at locations of potential management interest. The European Space Agency's MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) was evaluated to prepare for the equivalent series of Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Imagers (OLCI) launched in 2016 as part of the Copernicus program. Based on the 2012 National Lakes Assessment site evaluation guidelines and National Hydrography Dataset, the continental United States contains 275,897 lakes and reservoirs greater than 1 ha in area. Results from this study show that 5.6% of waterbodies were resolvable by satellites with 300 m single-pixel resolution and 0.7% of waterbodies were resolvable when a three by three pixel (3 x 3-pixel) array was applied based on minimum Euclidian distance from shore. Satellite data were spatially joined to U.S. public water surface intake (PWSI) locations, where single-pixel resolution resolved 57% of the PWSI locations and a 3 x 3-pixel array resolved 33% of the PWSI locations. Recreational and drinking water sources in Florida and Ohio were ranked from 2008 through 2011 by cyanoHAB frequency above the World Health Organizations (WHO) high threshold for risk of 100,000 cells m/L. The ranking identified waterbodies with values above the WHO high threshold, where Lake Apopka, FL (99.1%) and Grand Lake St. Marys, OH (83%) had the highest observed bloom frequencies per region. The method presented here may indicate locations with high exposure to cyanoHABs and therefore can be used to assist in prioritizing management resources and actions for recreational and drinking water sources.

Published
2017
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41. From Theory to Practice: Using New Science Concepts to Create Learning Organizations

Author

Shelton, Charlotte D. and Darling, John R.

Abstract

For the past ten years the management literature has increasingly discussed the concept of learning organizations. Yet, more that a decade later, few organizations have figured out how to create the structures and processes necessary to assure continuous learning. This article purports that this problem can be attributed to the mental models of those leading contemporary organizations. Learning organizations quite simply cannot be created by those who either consciously or unconsciously operate under the traditional, mechanistic organizational paradigm. If leaders are to create authentic learning organizations, they must adapt a new way of viewing reality--a new paradigm or mental model. The authors suggest that the new science theories of chaos, complexity, and quantum mechanics provide the foundation for a new way of thinking about organizations. They demonstrate the relevance of these theories for those who wish to create learning organizations and present a new-science-based skill set that enables twenty-first-century leaders to move beyond organizational adaptation to proactive change and continuous learning.

Published
2003
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50. Dewey in Britain.

Author

Darling, John and Nisbet, John

Abstract

Dewey's ideas were slower to be accepted in Britain than elsewhere, due to pedagogical, epistemological, social and political factors. Only the pedagogical ideas elicited even minor support in the first half of the century. Developments after 1960 led to widespread implementation of Dewey's principles mainly in the primary education sector.(PGS)

Published
2000

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