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Transmigração é a definição do movimento de caninos permanentes não irrompidos em direção à linha média dos maxilares, ultrapassando-a. Já a transposição dentária é uma anomalia ocasionada pela inversão na posição de dois dentes adjacentes. São duas raras anomalias de desenvolvimento. O prognóstico do tratamento destas anormalidades depende do diagnóstico precoce e do estágio de irrupção dos dentes envolvidos. O presente relato de caso descreve um caso incomum de transposição e transmigração de caninos mandibulares, no mesmo paciente, enfatizando aspectos relevantes para o manejo cirúrgico dessas alterações. A escolha de tratamento foi a exodontia dos caninos mandibulares, permitindo a correção ortodôntica das alterações oclusais e boa condição mastigatória. Após 12 meses de acompanhamento, paciente apresenta-se sem queixas e com adequado alinhamento e nivelamento das arcadas.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of 2 surgical treatment options: one for correction of class II malocclusion skeletal deformity and one for pre-existing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders requiring orthognathic surgery (OS) for correction of dentofacial deformity. Study Design This retrospective study evaluated patients who underwent OS with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) with or without concomitant TMJ surgery for articular disk repositioning (ADR). Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (MMA) was treated with OS only (18 patients); and group II (MMA-ADR) was treated with OS and concomitant ADR (19 patients). The sample consisted of 74 TMJs (mean patient age 29.86 years). Results In group I, 38.5% of the disks that were originally in normal position became displaced after OS, and 33.3% of displaced disks with reduction became nonreducing after OS. In group II, 78.9% of disks exhibited normal position in the final evaluation, and 97.3% of patients showed improved disk position after surgery. There was significant symptom improvement in all patients in group II, but no significant improvement in group I. Conclusions OS with ADR appears to produce stable and beneficial results in improving symptoms in patients with displaced disk and TMJ pain.

The conventional or multicystic solid ameloblastoma is the most common type with the majority of cases affecting the posterior region of the mandible and occurring between the third and fourth decades of life. The present study aims to report a case of multicystic ameloblastoma in which treatment by means of curettage was chosen and no evidence of recurrence was noted over 7 years of follow-up. Although the literature indicates aggressive surgical therapy as the best form of treatment for multicystic ameloblastoma, factors such as the clinical, radiographic and histopathological aspects of the lesion, patient age, postoperative morbidity, possibilities for aesthetic and functional changes must be evaluated together during treatment planning. In some cases, as in the report presented, conservative therapies such as aggressive curettage of the lesion can be effective in the long term, with no recurrence of the lesion and providing quality of life to the patient.

Introdução: As soluções anestésicas têm características próprias em relação a propriedades como latência, potência e tempo de ação. Muitos autores demonstraram a superioridade da difusão de soluções de articaína a 4%, embora haja controvérsias na literatura científica sobre essa questão. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a capacidade de induzir a anestesia da mucosa palatina e a eficácia anestésica após o bloqueio do nervo alveolar superior posterior de duas soluções anestésicas: articaína a 4% com epinefrina 1:100.000 e lidocaína a 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000. Mé- todos: Esse experimento original foi um estudo transversal, duplo-cego, randomizado, com dezoito voluntários saudáveis, com idades entre 14 e 26 anos, com indicação de extração de terceiro molar superior impactado. A capacidade de difusão e a eficácia das soluções anestésicas foram verificadas pela Escala de 11 Pontos em Caixa, e o grau de ansiedade foi avaliado pela Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, em pacientes saudáveis, ambas as soluções anestésicas tiveram a mesma difusão para a mucosa palatina e apresentaram comportamento clínico semelhante. Conclusão: ambas as soluções testadas apresentaram capacidade de difusão e eficácia anestésica semelhantes, mostrando-se igualmente adequadas para uso em cirurgias de extração de terceiros molares superiores impactados.

The minimum number of implants to support fixed complete dentures is still unclear.The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival rate of fixed complete dentures supported by 3 immediately loaded implants opposing maxillary complete dentures.A retrospective study of edentulous patients rehabilitated with complete dentures opposing mandibular metal-resin implant-supported fixed complete dentures supported by 3 immediately loaded implants was conducted in a 48-hour protocol. Fifty-one machined and 99 rough-surface implants were evaluated from 2.2 up to 8 years. Implant loss, peri-implant outcomes, and mechanical complications were assessed by considering the influence of age, sex, health status, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, educational level, and socioeconomic status. The presence of comorbidities in relation to the implant surface or the cantilever lengths was also evaluated.Four machined and 6 rough-surface implants failed, a 6.7% failure rate. The cantilever length varied from 3.3 to 22.9 mm. Mechanical complications were abutment screw loosening (3.0%), prosthetic screw loosening (17%), screw fracture (1%), superstructure detachment and fractures (16%), metal framework fracture (2%), maxillary denture fractures (6%), and mandibular prosthesis loss (4%). Peri-implant mucositis was found in 27% of participants. The cumulative implant and mandibular prosthesis survival rates were 93.3% and 96%, respectively. None of the variables evaluated, including demographic data and health status, were found to influence clinical failures and/or mechanical complications.Mandibular fixed complete dentures supported by 3 implants can be considered a successful treatment with reduced costs compared with those of other fixed options for application in public health.

Snakebite is an important public health problem because of its incidence, morbidity, and mortality. It may be related to climatic factors and rural habits. Snakes of the genus Bothrops are responsible for most snakebites in Brazil. The venom of these snakes has peculiar characteristics, with important proteolytic, coagulant, and hemorrhagic actions, leading to local and systemic alterations. Initial manifestations include local tissue injury, pain, swelling, bleeding, and bullous lesions that can progress to abscesses or tissue necrosis. Systemic manifestations should be carefully evaluated especially for the probability of hemorrhagic events such as epistaxis, gingivorrhagia, hematuria, and hemoptysis. Knowing the clinical manifestations of snakebites, as well as the adequate treatment, is essential. Efficient and rapid diagnosis can minimize victims’ injuries and the probability of death. The present study reports the clinical case of bleeding at a distant site from the initial site of venom inoculation after bite by a Bothrops snake, emphasizing the therapeutic approach and differential diagnosis in these cases. Los accidents de ofidios son un importante problema de salud pública, por su incidencia, morbilidad y mortalidad. Estos accidents pueden estar relacionados con factores climáticos y habitos rurales. La serpiente del género Bothrops es responsible de la maayoría de las mordeduras de serpientes que ocurrieon en Brasil. El veneno de esta serpiente tiene características peculiares, con importentes acciones proteolíticas, coagulantes y hemorrágicas, que provocam cambios locales y sistémicos. Las manifestaciones iniciales incluyen daño tisular local con dolor, edema, sangrado y lesiones ampollosas que pueden progresar a abscesos o necrosis tisular. Sin embargo, las manifestaciones sistémicas deben evaluarse cuidadosamente, especialmente por la probabilidad de eventos hemorrágicos como epistaxis, gingivorragia, hematia y hemoptysis. El conocimiento de las manifestaciones clínicas y un abordaje adecuado en la búsqueda de un diagnóstico rápido y eficiente es fundamental, minimizando así el daño a la víctima y la probabilidad de muerte. Elpresente artículo científico reporta el caso clínico de hemorragia a distancia del sitio de inoculacion inicial del veneno que ocurrío luego de un de un accidente tipo serpiente conla serpiente Bothrops, enfatizzando así el abordaje terapéutico para estos casos además del diagnóstico diferencial en este tipo de ocurrencia. O acidente ofídico é um importante problema de saúde pública, em virtude de sua incidência, morbidade e mortalidade. Tais acidentes podem estar relacionados à fatores climáticos e hábitos rurais. A serpente do gênero Bothrops é a responsável pela maioria dos acidentes ofídicos ocorridos no Brasil. O veneno desta serpente possui características peculiares, com importantes ações proteolítica, coagulante e hemorrágica, levando a alterações locais e sistêmicas. As manifestações iniciais incluem lesão tecidual local com dor, edema, sangramento e lesões bolhosas que podem evoluir para abscessos ou necrose tecidual. Porém, as manifestações sistêmicas devem ser cuidadosamente avaliadas em especial pela probabilidade de eventos hemorrágicos como epistaxe, gengivorragia, hematria e hemoptise. Torna-se imprescindível o conhecimento de manifestações clínicas e abordagem adequada na busca do diagnóstico eficiente e rápido, minimizando assim danos a vítima e a probabilidade de óbito. O presente artigo científico relata o caso clínico de hemorragia a distância do sítio inicial de inoculação da peçonha ocorrido após acidente ofídico com serpente do gênero Bothrops, enfatizando assim a abordagem terapêutica para esses casos além do diagnóstico diferencial neste tipo de ocorrência.

Introducao: As cirurgias ortognaticas sao procedimentos indicados para correcao de deformidades dento esqueleticas. Os sistemas de fixacao das osteotomias permitiram a obtencao de melhores resultados cirurgicos. As placas customizadas representam uma das tecnologias mais recente. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisao sistematica para avaliar a precisao da cirurgia ortognatica com placas de titânio customizadas em relacao ao planejamento virtual. Metodologia: Este trabalho apresentou protocolo registrado na base de dado PROSPERO, e seguiu o guideline PRISMA e recomendacoes Cochrane. Seis bases de dados (Embase, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science) foram utilizadas como fonte primaria de busca. E duas bases (OpenThesis e OpenGrey) para capturar parte da “literatura cinzenta”. Foram incluidos estudos clinicos descritivos que realizaram cirurgia ortognatica com o uso de placas de titânio customizadas, sem restricao de ano e idioma. Dos 11.916 estudos identificados, somente sete preencheram os criterios de elegibilidade e foram incluidos. Discussao: A amostra total incluiu 74 pacientes, com 63 cirurgias bimaxilares, e 11 cirurgias unimaxilares. que todos os estudos mostraram precisao aceitavel dentro de parâmetros clinicos previamente estabelecidos. Conclusao: A utilizacao de placas de titânio customizadas em cirurgia ortognatica apresenta alta precisao em relacao ao planejamento virtual.

A assimetria facial pode ser decorrente de inúmeros tipos de doenças, tais como: traumatismos (edema, enfisema, hematomas) e processos infecciosos graves que geram aumentos volumétricos em face de forma rápida e notória. Já o desenvolvimento de cistos e tumores, alterações de desenvolvimento/crescimento tanto de tecidos duros, quanto partes moles, são processos mais lentos e consequentemente percebidos quando há uma alteração significativa. O osteocondroma (OC), uma das lesões intraósseas pode ser definida como uma protusão de cartilagem óssea que surge a partir da superfície mais externa do osso afetado. O objetivo do trabalho é descrever uma metodologia de tratamento complexa, porém estável e satisfatória com boa estabilidade e resultados estéticos-funcionais satisfatórios. A discussão diretamente relacionada com modalidade terapêutica, custo-benefício do tratamento localizado comparado com o tratamento combinado, riscos, benefícios e afins. Os resultados evidenciam imagens que possibilitam a verificação da precisão e aplicabilidade do planejamento virtual na correção de deformidades associadas a expertise de cirurgiões com grande experiência em tratamentos cirúrgicos, finalizando em com um resultado satisfatório para a paciente e equipe.

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin with slow, asymptomatic, rare growth and is associated with a high rate of recurrence, being responsible for 1% of mandibular tumors. There are several variations of these tumors, with solid / multicystic and unicystic types being the most recurrent. The signs are discrete and rarely noticed by the patient in the early stages. In the imaging examination, it presents itself as a well-delimited radiolucent image, which may be associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth, resorption of adjacent roots and vestibular-lingual medullary expansion. In the literature, the most appropriate treatment for the management of such pathology is still controversial, since there are conservative philosophies such as curettage, marsupialization (decompression) and defending currents of the radical surgical approach through resection with a safety margin. This study aims to report a case of curettage of follicular unicystic ameloblastoma with a single incidence of recurrence and treated again by means of a conservative surgical approach and continuing with a 19-year clinical preservation, without any clinical or imaging signs of recurrence. El ameloblastoma es un tumor odontogénico benigno de origen epitelial de crecimiento lento, asintomático, raro y se asocia a una alta tasa de recidiva, siendo responsable del 1% de los tumores mandibulares. Hay varias variaciones de estos tumores, siendo los tipos sólido / multiquístico y uniquístico los más recurrentes. Los signos son discretos y el paciente rara vez los nota en las primeras etapas. En el examen de imagen se presenta como una imagen radiolúcida bien delimitada, que puede estar asociada a la corona de un diente no erupcionado, reabsorción de raíces adyacentes y expansión medular vestibular-lingual. En la literatura, el tratamiento más adecuado para el manejo de dicha patología sigue siendo controvertido, ya que existen filosofías conservadoras como el curetaje, marsupialización (descompresión) y corrientes de defensa del abordaje quirúrgico radical mediante resección con margen de seguridad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo reportar un caso de legrado de ameloblastoma folicular uniquístico con una sola incidencia de recidiva y tratado nuevamente mediante abordaje quirúrgico conservador y continuando con una preservación clínica de 19 años, sin ningún signo clínico o imagenológico de recurrencia. O ameloblastoma é um tumor odontogênico benigno de origem epitelial com crescimento lento, assintomático, raro e está associado a alto índice de recorrência, sendo responsável por 1% dos tumores mandibulares. Existem várias variações desses tumores, sendo os tipos sólido / multicístico e unicístico os mais recorrentes. Os sinais são discretos e raramente percebidos pelo paciente nos estágios iniciais. No exame de imagem, apresenta-se como uma imagem radiolúcida bem delimitada, que pode estar associada à coroa de um dente não irrompido, reabsorção de raízes adjacentes e expansão medular vestíbulo-lingual. Na literatura, o tratamento mais adequado para o manejo dessa patologia ainda é controverso, visto que existem filosofias conservadoras como a curetagem, a marsupialização (descompressão) e as correntes de defesa da abordagem cirúrgica radical por ressecção com margem de segurança. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de curetagem de ameloblastoma folicular unicístico com incidência única de recidiva e tratado novamente por meio de abordagem cirúrgica conservadora e continuando com preservação clínica de 19 anos, sem quaisquer sinais clínicos ou de imagem de recidiva.

A ancoragem sempre foi uma das limitações da ortodontia e em quase toda terapia ortodôntica há necessidade de obtê-la. Com a descoberta da ósteo integração surgiu um novo modelo de ancoragem, a esquelética. Numa ancoragem esquelética extra alveolar o posicionamento mais oblíquo dos miniparafusos pode aumentar os riscos de deformação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, num estudo in vitro, o desempenho mecânico nos torques de inserção e remoção e observar se o tipo de liga e as angulações de inserção influenciam na utilização destes miniparafusos em posições extra alveolares. Foram utilizados 40 miniparafusos de diâmetro e comprimento semelhantes (2,0x12mm), porém de ligas diferentes (20 de aço e 20 de titânio), todos inseridos por um torquímetro digital em cortical óssea sintética de poliuretano (40PCF). As inserções foram feitas em duas angulações, uma a 30º e outra de 60º para 30º. Após obtenção dos dados, os mesmos foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância, Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas, com grau de confiança de 95% e nível de significância de 5%. Diferenças estatísticas foram observadas nos fatores analisados. Dentre os fatores analisados, tipo de liga e angulação de inserção, e com os dados obtidos podemos concluir que independente da liga, a angulação é um fator essencial no aumento dos torques.

The risk of fracture or strain in mini-screws is higher if diameter, length, type of alloy or insertion angle is selected inappropriately. The aims of this study were to test the structural resistance of two types of orthodontic mini-screws -one made of stainless steel and another of titanium- from an international brand and to evaluate the efficacy of two other titanium miniscrews of Brazilian origin, during an extra-alveolar anchorage procedure. The mini-screws analyzed were: Bomei stainless steel and Bomei titanium / Taiwan, Morelli titanium and Neodent titanium/ Brazil. Experiments were conducted on pig mandibles to simulate the process of extra-alveolar anchorage. Two insertion processes were used: Direct at 30º, and Indirect, starting at 60º and ending at 30º with gradual continuous movement. Strain was evaluated using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical analysis and post hoc Tamhane test. Significant statistical differences in strain were observed among the mini-screws used in the extra-alveolar insertions, both for the direct and indirect procedures. In the indirect insertion tests, both stainless steel and titanium mini-screws suffered deformation, showing that angling can be an important factor in mini-screw failure rates. The change in angle during the insertion movement increased deformation rates independently of alloy type, increasing the risk of failure. These results could help orthodontists in choosing mini-screws for extra-alveolar anchorage, which can be performed with direct or indirect insertion. In vivo studies should be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.O risco de fratura ou tensão nos mini-parafusos é maior se o diâmetro, comprimento, tipo de liga ou ângulo de inserção for selecionado de forma inadequada. Os objetivos deste estudo foram testar a resistência estrutural de dois tipos de miniaparafusos ortodônticos –um feito de aço inoxidável e outro de titânio– de uma marca internacional e avaliar a eficácia de dois outros mini-parafusos de titânio de origem brasileira, durante um procedimento de ancoragem extra-alveolar. Os miniaparafusos analisados foram: Bomei aço inoxidável e Bomei titânio / Taiwan, Morelli titânio e Neodent titânio / Brasil. Foram realizadas experiências em mandíbulas de porcos para simular o processo de ancoragem extra-alveolar. Foram utilizados dois processos de inserção (Direta a 30º, e Indireta, começando a 60º e terminando a 30º com movimento gradual contínuo). A deformação foi avaliada utilizando Microscopia Óptica e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Os dados foram avaliados utilizando análise estatística não paramétrica Kruskal-Wallis e teste post-hoc Tamhane. Diferenças estatísticas significativas na deformação foram observadas entre os miniparafusos utilizados nas inserções extra-alveolares, tanto para os procedimentos diretos como indiretos. Nos testes de inserção indireta, tanto os mini-parafusos de aço inoxidável como os de titânio sofreram deformação, mostrando que a angulação pode ser um fator importante nas taxas de falha dos mini-parafusos. A mudança no ângulo durante o movimento de inserção aumentou as taxas de deformação independentemente do tipo de liga, aumentando o risco de falha. Estes resultados podem ajudar os ortodontistas na escolha de mini-parafusos para ancoragem extra-alveolar, que pode ser realizada com inserção direta ou indireta. Estudos in vivo devem ser conduzidos para confirmar os resultados deste estudo.

Objective: This study analyzed the effect of ionizing radiation on bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in the bone tissue surrounding a dental implant. Methodology: Twenty rabbits received three dental morse taper junction implants: one in the left tibia and two in the right tibia. The animals were randomized into two groups: the nonirradiated group (control group) and the irradiated group, which received 30 Gy in a single dose 2 weeks after the implant procedure. Four weeks after the implant procedure, the animals were sacrificed, and the implant/bone specimens were used for each experiment. The specimens (n=10) of the right tibia were examined by microcomputed tomography to measure the cortical volume (CtV, mm3), cortical thickness (CtTh, mm) and porosity (CtPo, %). The other specimens (n=10) were examined by dynamic indentation to measure the elastic modulus (E, GPa) and Vickers hardness (VHN, N/mm2) in the bone. The specimens of the left tibia (n=10) were subjected to pull-out tests to calculate the failure load (N), displacement (mm) up to the failure point and interface stiffness (N/mm). In the irradiated group, two measurements were performed: close, at 1 mm surrounding the implant surface, and distant, at 2.5 mm from the external limit of the first measurement. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test and Student’s t-test (α=0.05). Results: The irradiated bone closer to the implant surface had lower elastic modulus (E), Vickers hardness (VHN), Ct.Th, and Ct.V values and a higher Ct.Po value than the bone distant to the implant (P

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy on biomechanical, histomorphometric, and microstructural characteristics of bone, in diverse periods, compared with intact bone tissue.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen adult male New Zealand rabbits were treated with a single radiation dose of 30 Gy. The animals were randomly divided into six groups: NoIr, control group, no radiation, and five irradiated groups sacrificed after 24 h (Ir24h), 7 (Ir7d), 14 (Ir14d), 21 (Ir21d), and 28 (Ir28d) days. After these periods, the animals were sacrificed and their tibias (n = 6) evaluated using three-point bending test to calculate the ultimate force, work to failure, and bone stiffness. Dynamic indentation test was used to quantify Vickers hardness and elasticity modulus of bone tissue. Micro-CT was used to analyze the cortical volume (CtV), cortical thickness (CtTh), and porosity (Ct.Po). Histomorphometric assessment was based on the lacunarity of bone tissue. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Tukey, Dunnet, and Dunn's post-tests (P RESULTS: The ultimate force, work to failure, stiffness, elastic modulus, and Vickers hardness values of irradiated bone were significantly lower that non-irradiated bone. Irradiated bone showed significantly lower CtTh and CtV values and higher CtPo than non-irradiated bone. No significant difference was found for lacunarity between non-irradiated bone and irradiated bone.CONCLUSIONS: Ionizing radiation decreases normal anisotropy on microarchitecture of cortical bone, and increases bone fragility compared with non-irradiated bone. Further, these changes were seen after longer periods (e.g., 14 and 21 days), and not immediately after radiation therapy.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The radiotherapy reduces bone mechanical properties and the normal structure of organic and inorganic bone matrix. For studying the protocols to protect the radiotherapy effect using rabbit model, the use of the sacrificing period between 14 and 21 days is recommended.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface functionalization with bioactive glass BSF18 on the osseointegration of sandblasted and dual acid-etched surface (AE) implants. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty Morse taper implants with an AE surface as controls (C) or with an AE surface functionalized with BSF18 (BF) were placed in the mandibles of 10 beagles. Implants were analyzed after 2 and 4 weeks of healing. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were registered immediately after installation and prior to sacrifice. Samples were analyzed for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD). The characterization of BF implants included surface roughness analysis with atomic force microscopy and contact angle (CA) analysis to evaluate wettability. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different storage media on angiogenesis and maintaining autogenous bone graft volume in rabbits.Two grafts were removed bilaterally from the calvaria of 18 rabbits. One graft was removed and immediately fixed in the right mandibular angle (control group). The other graft was stored for 30 minutes in 1 of the following storage media (n = 6): saline solution (saline group), air exposure (dry group), or platelet-poor plasma (PPP group) and then retained by a screw in the right mandibular angle in the same animal. Four weeks later the animals were euthanized, and the grafted areas were harvested, fixed in 10% phosphate buffered formaldehyde solution, and embedded in paraffin. The 5-μm semi-serial sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory trichrome.Histologic analysis of all groups showed the bone graft was vascularized and well incorporated into the recipient site. The number of blood vessels decreased in the saline and dry groups compared with the control group (P .03); in contrast, the number of blood vessels increased in the PPP group (P .05). There were fewer osteoclasts in the saline group compared with the control group (P .05). Furthermore, the saline group showed larger numbers of blood vessels than the dry group (P .01). The PPP group showed larger bone graft volumes compared with the dry and saline groups (P .01). In addition, the saline group showed larger bone graft volumes than the dry group (P .01).PPP improved angiogenesis, maintained the volume of the autogenous bone graft, and was a better storage medium during the trans-surgical period than the dry and saline media.

Statement of problem Consensus is lacking regarding the influence of the maxillary dentition on the survival rate of a mandibular metal-resin implant-supported fixed complete denture (MRISFCD) with distal cantilevers. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to identify whether an opposing natural dentition influences the survival rate of mandibular MRISFCDs. Material and methods A literature search was performed up to February 2018 from MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, BBO/LILACS databases and also in the non–peer-reviewed literature through Open Grey. Clinical studies regarding natural (ND), removable prostheses (RP), and complete fixed maxillary implant dentitions (ID) with at least a year of follow-up were included. The quality of the included studies was analyzed, and the risk of bias was reported. A meta-analysis comparing the survival rate of ND with RP and ND with ID was performed with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, and heterogeneity was tested by an I2 index. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to determine the certainty of the evidence. Results From a total of 112 ND, 69 ID, and 204 RP in the maxillary dentition, the overall prevalence of failures was 5.4% (6/112; 95% CI [2.3 to 10.76]) for ND, 13.99% (20/69; 95% CI [0.77 to 39.41]) for ID, and 4.9% (10/204; 95% CI [0.69 to 12.18]) for RP. No statistical differences were detected in the success rates between ND and RP (risk difference = 0.00 [−0.06, 0.06]; P=.93; I2=27%) or between ND and ID (risk difference=0.00 [−0.06, 0.07]; P=.97; I2=0%), both with moderate evidence. Conclusion With a moderate certainty of evidence, it is suggested that natural maxillary dentitions do not affect the survival rate of mandibular MRISFCDs differently from other prosthetic designs.

The deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on the growth plate continue to be cause for concern. This study evaluated the ionizing radiation effects on bone development and growth plate in the tibia of rats. All animals were submitted to ionizing radiation on the left leg. The animals were divided into two groups and euthanized 30 and 60 days after radiation. The tibiae were removed and separated into groups: control 30 days, irradiated 30 days, control 60 days and irradiated 60 days. Animals in each group (n = 7) were used for macroscopic and histological analysis. The irradiated tibiae showed arrested growth, angular deformity and limb length discrepancy when compared with nonirradiated tibiae. There was statistical difference between control and radiation groups in all the parameters analyzed, except in the lateral-medial thickness of the distal epiphysis. Histological analysis showed evident changes in the growth plate, which was thicker in the Groups irradiated for 30 days, and irradiated for 60 days, compared with their respective controls. The growth plate showed wide areas with disorganized zones of chondrocytes and severely reduced calcification zone. It was concluded that ionizing radiation damaged the growth plate, compromised the endochondral ossification process, and resulted in complete arrest of bone development.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da HBO no reparo ósseo após radiação ionizante, por meio da histomorfometria, tomografia computadorizada e microscopia de polarização. Vinte ratos Wistar machos foram usados. Uma dose de radiação (30 Gy) foi administrada na perna esquerda em todos os animais, e após 30 dias, defeitos ósseos foram criados em ambos os fêmures. Em seguida, 10 animais receberam sessões diárias de HBO (2,5 ATA por 90 minutos), e todos os animais foram sacrificados 5 ou 7 dias após a cirurgia. Os fêmures foram separados em 4 grupos (n = 5) para cada intervalo de tempo de eutanásia: Controle (fêmur direito: não irradiado e não HBO), RXT (fêmur esquerdo: irradiado e não HBO), HBO (fêmur direito: não-irradiado com HBO), RXT + HBO (fémur esquerdo: irradiado com HBO). A cortical óssea e os defeitos foram avaliados. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, teste t não pareado e ANOVA com correção de Bonferroni. Valores maiores de HU e neoformação óssea foram observados nos grupos Controle e HBO, com melhora do reparo. O grupo HBO apresentou birrefringência de colágeno predominantemente amarela/laranja/vermelha na área do defeito. A HBO melhorou a reparação óssea em condições fisiológicas, com aumento dos vasos sanguíneos e formação óssea. No entanto, não foi eficiente em melhorar o reparo e a orientação do colágeno no osso após altas doses de radiação ionizante.

The monostotic fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of bone development, usually asymptomatic, which affects only 1 bone and is characterized by the substitution of the normal bone by an excessive proliferation of the fibrous connective tissue. In almost all cases there are deformities that cause aesthetic and functional disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics. The facial asymmetry is the main clinical change, which is radiographically observed as a radiopaque appearance with frosted glass appearance, and histologically it is verified by the excessive proliferation of bone-forming mesenchymal cells. The objective of the present study is to report a case of a monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the middle third of the face, causing facial asymmetry and treated by a conservative surgery with good aesthetic results.

The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) is a benign neoplasm that originates from the remnant of the odontogenic epithelium. It is usually of central occurrence, but it may also occur peripherally. The defects resulting from surgical treatments of these tumors cause significant sequels in patients, so restoration of mandibular defects is a challenge for the surgeon. The association between the autogenous graft and the oxygen therapy seems to be a good option in cases of restoration of mandibular defects. This work describes an immediate mandibular restoration of a CCOT associated to a hyperbaric oxygenation of a 63-year-old patient submitted to a segmental resection of the mandible and primary restoration with autogenous, nonvascularized iliac crest excision. Knowing the characteristics of the lesion is fundamental for choosing the best treatment and prognosis.

Oral surgery to remove pyogenic granuloma in a high-risk patient is reported. A 47-year-old man with gastroesophageal reflux disease, diabetes mellitus II, dyslipidemia, and chronic coronary insufficiency (myocardial infarction within 2 years) with episodes of unstable angina was submitted to an excisional biopsy of hemorrhagic lesion in the lingual right mandibular gingiva. During dental treatment, the arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and electrocardiogram were monitored. Local anesthesia was performed with 0.45 ml of 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/ml felypressin. The anticoagulant therapy was not interrupted. No local or systemic complications were noticed during or after the surgery.

Background The high survival clinical success rates of osseointegration are requisites for establishing a long-term biomechanical fixation and load-bearing potential of endosseous oral implants. The objective of this preclinical animal study was to evaluate the effect of surface microtopography and chemistry on the early stages of biomechanical rigidity with a sandblasted, dual acid-etched surface, with or without an additional chemical modification (SAE-HD and SAE, respectively), in the tibia of Beagle dogs. Methods Two pairs of implants, with the same macrogeometry but different surface technology ((a) dual acid-etched surface treatment with hydrochloric and sulfuric acid followed by microwave treatment and insertion in isotonic saline solution to increase hydrophilicity (SAE-HD) (test, n = 12) and (b) dual acid-etched surface (SAE) (control, n = 12)), were installed bilaterally in the proximal tibia of six Beagle dogs. In order to determine the effect of surface modification on biomechanical fixation, a test protocol was established to assess the torque and a complete set of intrinsic properties. Maximum removal torque (in N cm) was the primary outcome measure, while connection stiffness (N cm/rad) and removal energy (× 10−2J) were the secondary outcome measures and were assessed after 2 and 4 weeks in vivo. A general linear statistical model was used and performed for significant differences with the one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test (P

Our aim was to assess the influence of internal fixation in skeletal stability on patients who had had counterclockwise rotation of the maxillomandibular complex and mandibular advancement procedures. We studied 60 records of 20 patients (14 female, 6 male), mean (range) age at operation 29 (16-50) years. The mean (range) postoperative follow-up was 15 (8-24) months. Sixty standard lateral cephalometric radiographs were randomly traced and digitised by one senior radiologist to estimate surgical and postoperative changes. Patients were divided into two groups, the first group (n=10) of which had fixation with only 2.0 system plates (2 plates with monocortical screws alone) and the second (n=10) of which had hybrid fixation (1 plate with monocortical screws and 2 or 3 bicortical bone screws). During operation the change in the mean occlusal plane with counterclockwise rotation was 9.4° (range -17.3 to -2.5mm). The maxilla moved forward and upward. All the anterior mandibular measurements had advanced horizontally, the mean (range) being 17 (6.4 to 9.9) mm for the pogonion, and 17.6 (6.0 to 30.7) mm for the menton. At the longest follow-up period, there were significant long-term changes, but these were clinically acceptable (

ObjectiveEvaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.Material and methodImmortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.ResultThe values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01A; Exp1– 0.34±0.08A; Exp2– 0.29±0.03A. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02A; Exp1– 0.39±0.01A; Exp2– 0.37±0.03A. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10A; Exp1- 35±5B; Exp2– 20±2B. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2B; Exp1– 120±10A; Exp2– 130±20A. 7d: C– 38±2B; Exp1– 75±4A; Exp2– 70±6A. 14 d: C– 100±3A; Exp1– 130±5A; Exp2– 137±9A. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1C; Exp1– 5.1±0.8B; Exp2– 9.8±2.0A. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01C; Exp1– 5.3±0.5A; Exp2– 3.0±0.3B. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3A; Exp1– 4.4±0.8A; Exp2– 2.2±0.2B. Different letters related to statistical differences.ConclusionThe surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.

Background: This study histologically evaluated two implant designs: a classic thread design versus another specifically designed for healing chamber formation placed with two drilling protocols. Material and Methods: Forty dental implants (4.1 mm diameter) with two different macrogeometries were inserted in the tibia of 10 Beagle dogs, and maximum insertion torque was recorded. Drilling techniques were: until 3.75 mm (regular-group); and until 4.0 mm diameter (overdrilling-group) for both implant designs. At 2 and 4 weeks, samples were retrieved and processed for histomorphometric analysis. For torque and BIC (bone-to-implant contact) and BAFO (bone area fraction occupied), a general-linear model was employed including instrumentation technique and time in vivo as independent. Results: The insertion torque recorded for each implant design and drilling group significantly decreased as a function of increasing drilling diameter for both implant designs ( p 0.18). A significant increase in BIC was observed from 2 to 4 weeks for both implants placed with the overdrilling technique ( p 0.32). Conclusions: Despite the differences between implant designs and drilling technique an intramembranous-like healing mode with newly formed woven bone prevailed

The clinical performance of dental implants is strongly defined by biomechanical principles. The aim of this study was to quantify the Vicker's hardness (VHN) and elastic modulus (E) surround bone to dental implant in different regions, and to discuss the parameters of dynamic microindantion test. Ten cylindrical implants with morse taper interface (Titamax CM, Neodent; 3.5 mm diameter and 7 mm a height) were inserted in rabbit tibia. The mechanical properties were analyzed using microhardness dynamic indenter with 200 mN load and 15 s penetration time. Seven continuous indentations were made distancing 0.08 mm between each other perpendicularly to the implant-bone interface towards the external surface, at the limit of low (Lp) and high implant profile (Hp). Data were analyzed by Student's t-test (a=0.05) to compare the E and VHN values obtained on both regions. Mean and standard deviation of E (GPa) were: Lp. 16.6 ± 1.7, Hp. 17.0 ± 2.5 and VHN (N/mm2): Lp. 12.6 ± 40.8, Hp. 120.1 ± 43.7. No statistical difference was found between bone mechanical properties of high and low profile of the surround bone to implant, demonstrating that the bone characterization homogeneously is pertinent. Dynamic microindantion method proved to be highly useful in the characterization of the individual peri-implant bone tissue. O desempenho clínico de implantes dentais é fortemente definido por princípios biomecânicos. Este trabalho objetivou quantificar a Dureza Vickers (VHN) e módulo de elasticidade (E) do osso periimplantar e discutir parâmetros metodológicos de ensaio dinâmico de indentação. Foram utilizados 10 implantes de corpo cilíndrico com interface cone morse, (Titamax CM; Neodent, Curitiba, PR, Brasil), diâmetro de 3.5 mm e altura de 7 mm inseridos em tíbia de coelho recém obtidas após abate dos animais. As propriedades mecânicas foram analisadas usando penetrador dinâmico de microdureza Vickers (CSM Micro-Hardness Tester; CSM Instruments, Peseux, Switzerland) com carga de 200 mN e tempo de penetração de 15s. Foram feitas 7 indentações no osso cortical na base da rosca (Br) e na ponta da rosca (Pr) na direção perpendicular ao implante, com distância entre elas de 0,08 mm perpendicular a interface osso implante em direção a superfície esterna. Os dados foram analisados por meio de teste t-Student (P

Objectives The objective of this histologic study was to determine the effect of three drilling protocols (oversized, intermediate, and undersized) on biologic responses to a single implant type at early healing periods (2 weeks in vivo) in a beagle dog model. Materials and methods Ten beagle dogs were acquired and subjected to surgeries in the tibia 2 weeks before euthanasia. During surgery, each dog received three Unitite implants, 4 mm in diameter by 10 mm in length, in bone sites drilled to 3.5, 3.75, and 4.0 mm in final diameter. The insertion torque was recorded during surgery, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and bone area fraction occupied (BAFO) measured from the histology. Each outcome measure was compared between treatment conditions with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance was set to 95%. Results Insertion torque increased as an inverse function of drilling diameter, as indicated by significant differences in torque levels between each pair of conditions (P = 0.005). BIC and BAFO levels were highest and statistically similar in the recommended and undersized conditions and significantly reduced in the oversized condition (P

Fibrous dysplasia is characterized by excessive proliferation of bone-forming mesenchymal cells. The maxilla is the most commonly affected facial bone, with facial asymmetry being the usual complaint. Surgery is the treatment of choice with two available options: conservative bone shaving or radical excision and reconstruction. We describe two cases of monofocal fibrous dysplasia of the midface causing facial asymmetry and treated by conservative surgery with good esthetic results.

Radiotherapy (RDT) is commonly used for cancer treatment, but high doses of ionizing radiation can directly affect healthy tissues. Positive biological effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone repair have been demonstrated; however, this effect on surgical defects of bone previously compromised by radiotherapy has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of LLLT (λ = 830 nm) in femur repair after ionizing radiation. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (GC, n = 5) creation of bone defects (BDs) only; laser group (GL), with BD and LLLT (n = 5); radiotherapy group (GR), submitted to RDT and BD (n = 5); and radiotherapy and laser group (GRL), submitted to RDT, BD, and LLLT (n = 5). GL and GRL received punctual laser application (DE = 210 J/cm(2), P = 50 mW, t = 120 s, and beam diameter of 0.04 cm(2)) immediately after surgery, with 48-h interval during 7 days. Animals were euthanized at 7 days after surgery, and bone sections were evaluated morphometrically with conventional microscopy. Bone repair was only observed in nonirradiated bone, with significant improvement in GL in comparison to GC. GR and GRL did not present any bone neoformation. The result demonstrated a positive local biostimulative effect of LLLT in normal bone. However, LLLT was not able to revert the bone metabolic damage due to ionizing radiation.

Due to the critical role of monocytes/macrophages (Mϕ) in bone healing, this study evaluated the effects of bio-anodized, acid-etched, and machined titanium surfaces (Ti) on Mϕ behavior. Cells were separated from whole human blood from 10 patients, plated on Ti or polystyrene (control) surfaces, and cultured for 72 h. At 24, 48 and 72 h, cell viability, levels of IL1β, IL10, TNFα, TGFβ1 inflammatory mediators, and nitric oxide (NO) release were analyzed by mitochondrial colorimetric assay (MTT assay) and immunoenzymatic assays, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to verify the expression of TNFα and IL10 at 72 h. The data were subjected to a Kruskal-Wallis analysis. IL1β, TNFα and TGFβ1 release were not significantly different between the Ti surfaces (p>0.05). The presence of NO and IL10 was not detected in the samples. Cell viability did not differ between the samples cultivated on Ti and those cultivated on control surfaces, except at 24 h (p=0.0033). With respect to the mediators evaluated, the surface characteristics did not induce a typical Th1 or Th2 cytokine profile, although the cell morphology and topography were influenced by the Ti surface during the initial period. Devido ao papel crítico dos monócitos / macrófagos (Mϕ) na cicatrização óssea, este estudo avaliou os efeitos de superficies de titânio (Ti) bio-anodizada, ataque ácido e usinada sobre o comportamento Mϕ. As células foram separadas a partir de sangue humano de 10 pacientes, plaqueadas em Ti ou superfícies de poliestireno (controle), e cultivadas durante 72 h. Às 24, 48 e 72 h, a viabilidade celular e IL1β, IL10, TNFα, TGFβ1 e liberação de óxido nítrico foram analisados por ensaio colorimétrico mitocondrial (MTT) e ensaios imunoenzimáticos, respectivamente. PCR em tempo real foi utilizado para verificar a expressão de TNFα e IL-10 às 72 h. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de Kruskal-Wallis. IL1β autorização, TNFα e TGFβ1, não foram significativamente diferentes entre as superfícies de Ti (p>0,05). A presença de NO e de IL-10 não foi detectada nas amostras. A viabilidade celular não diferiu entre as amostras cultivadas em Ti e aquelas cultivadas em superfícies de controle, exceto às 24 h (p=0,0033). No que diz respeito aos mediadores avaliados, as características da superfície, não induziu resposta típica de citocinas Th1 ou Th2, embora a morfologia da célula e a topografia foram influenciadas pela superfície de Ti, durante o período inicial.

In this study we investigated whether anodization with calcium phosphate (CaP) incorporation (Vulcano®) enhances growth factors secretion, osteoblast-specific gene expression, and cell viability, when compared to acid etched surfaces (Porous®) and machined surfaces (Screw®) after 3 and 7 days. Results showed significant cell viability for Porous and Vulcano at day 7, when compared with Screw (p=0.005). At the same time point, significant differences regarding runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression were found for all surfaces (p0.05). Although no significant correlation was found for growth factors secretion and Runx2 expression, a significant positive correlation between this gene and ALP/BSP expression showed that their strong association is independent on the type of surface. The incorporation of CaP affected the biological parameters evaluated similar to surfaces just acid etched. The results presented here support the observations that roughness also may play an important role in determining cell response.

Aim There is no consensus regarding the ability of coconut water and soy milk to maintain long-term cell viability. This study investigated the ability of pH-adjusted coconut water and soy milk to maintain the viability of periodontal ligament cells over a short and a longer period and compared these abilities with those of other solutions. Methods Dog premolar teeth were extracted, dried for 30 min, and stored in the following media for 50 min or 24 h: long shelf-life whole milk (SWM), long shelf-life skim milk (SSM), Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), soy milk (SM), and pH-adjusted coconut water (CW). The positive and two negative control groups corresponded to 0-min, 30-min (short-term), and 24-h (long-term) dry times, respectively. Cell viability was analyzed by trypan blue exclusion. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with post-analysis using the Dunn method. Results In the short-term experiment, the SSM resulted in significantly lower cell viability than SM and CW. At 24 h, SM and CW resulted in higher viability than HBSS and SSM and in comparable performance with the positive control group. Cell viability decreased over time, except in SM and CW. Conclusions Soy milk and pH-adjusted coconut water showed promising results as storage solutions for avulsed teeth, preserving the viability for up to 24 h.

Nitric oxide has an important effect on host immune response. However, little has been studied in relation to its potential as a possible diagnostic tool in peri-implant disease. The present study analyzed nitrite levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) of implants with mucositis and the correlation of these nitrite levels with clinical parameters using a simplified fluid collection methodology. Twenty-five partially edentulous patients showing peri-implant mucositis were evaluated, and the peri-implant status was determined based on current clinical parameters: probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). The sulcular fluid (SF) around teeth (control) and implants were collected, and the nitrite levels were evaluated using the Griess method. The mean probing depth (mm) was significantly higher (P < .0001) in implants (2.852 ± 0.6484) than in control teeth (1.585 ± 0.3636). The mean total nitrite level (μM) was statistically higher (P = .0069) in implants with mucositis (14.34 ± 11.83) than in control teeth (9.316 ± 5.534). No correlation was observed between the total nitrite levels and the PD mean in the control group (P = .2558, r = −0.2361) or in the implant group (P = .1160, r = −0.3224), as well as the number of faces showing bleeding on probing (P = .8747, r = 0.0332). These results demonstrated that the nitrite levels were higher in inflamed areas. According to the methodology applied and results obtained, the higher nitrite levels in inflamed areas suggest that, in the future, nitrite could be used as a marker of peri-implant mucositis associated with clinical data to monitor the cure or evolution of the disease.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:28:24Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:42:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84873357563.pdf: 2215055 bytes, checksum: 23b981cc6aa7a826944bb815a34471e8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-11 The surface energy of the implant surface has an impact on osseointegration. In this study, 2 surfaces: nonwashed resorbable blasting media (NWRBM; control) and Ar-based nonthermal plasma 30 days (Plasma 30 days; experimental), were investigated with a focus on the surface energy. The surface energy was characterized by the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method and the chemistry by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Five adult beagle dogs received 8 implants (n = 2 per surface, per tibia). After 2 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and half of the implants (n = 20) were removal torqued and the other half were histologically processed (n = 20). The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were evaluated on the histologic sections. The XPS analysis showed peaks of C, Ca, O, and P for the control and experimental surfaces. While no significant difference was observed for BIC parameter (P > 0.75), a higher level for torque (P < 0.02) and BAFO parameter (P < 0.01) was observed for the experimental group. The surface elemental chemistry was modified by the plasma and lasted for 30 days after treatment resulting in improved biomechanical fixation and bone formation at 2 weeks compared to the control group. © 2013 Fernando P. S. Guastaldi et al. Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics College of Dentistry New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010 Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic São Paulo State University, 16015 Araçatuba, SP Department of Postgraduate Dentistry UNIGRANRIO, 25071 Duque de Caxias, RJ Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Odontology Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology University of Uberlândia, 38408 Uberlândia, MG Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic São Paulo State University, 16015 Araçatuba, SP

The aim of this preclinical in vivo study was to compare histologically and histomorphometrically osseointegration of dual acid-etched vs. hydrophilic implants.Two pairs of implants (Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil), with same macrogeometry but different surface technology (i) dual acid-etched surface (SAE) treatment with hydrochloric and sulfuric acid followed by microwave treatment and insertion in isotonic saline solution to increase hydrophilicity (SAE-HD) (test, n = 12); (ii) dual SAE (control, n = 12) were installed bilaterally in the proximal tibia of six beagle dogs. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation was performed after 2 and 4 weeks in vivo, on non-decalcified sections. Percentages of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD) were estimated and tested for significant differences with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples (P 0.05).In general, new bone formation along and in contact with the implant surface could be observed irrespective of the experimental group and observation period. Most of the bone was woven but small quantities of lamellar bone, mainly in close proximity to the cortex could also be observed. BIC at 2 weeks was 19.57 ± 13.57 and 20.33 ± 7.99 (P = 0.75), and at 4 weeks was 42.80 ± 14.48 and 40.25 ± 9.45 (P = 0.65) for SAE-HD and SAE implants respectively. BD at 2 weeks was 24.85 ± 16.31 and 25.66 ± 8.59 (P = 0.35) and at 4 weeks 44.13 ± 6.46 and 40.13 ± 6.46 (P = 0.25) for SAE-HD and SAE implants respectively.Bone-to-implant contact and BD increased with time in both SAE-HD and SAE implants. No significant differences were observed between the two different implant surfaces for any of the evaluated parameters and at any observation time-point.

Autogenous bone tissue has regeneration potential; however, this capacity may not be sufficient in larger bone defects. The aim of this study is to histologically evaluate anorganic bovine bone grafts (GenOx Inorg) with or without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Two bone lesions were created in calvaria of 12 rabbits. The 24 surgical lesions were separated into 3 groups: coagulous, anorganic, and anorganic with PRP. At the 4-week time point, the animals were euthanized and the grafted area removed, fixed in formalin 10% with phosphate buffered saline, 0.1 M, and embedded in paraffin. The histologic parameters analyzed were new bone filling the defect area, presence of giant cells and particles of the graft, and new bone formation associated with the particles. In the coagulous group, defects were filled with fibrous tissue that attached the periosteum and little bone neoformation in the periphery. In anorganic groups with or without PRP, little new bone formation in the periphery of the defect was observed; however, in the center of some defects there was new bone. Moderate presence of giant cells and little new bone formation was associated with the innumerous graft particles. Histologic results revealed no statistically significant differences among the defects new bone fill between the studied groups (P = .64). There was no significant difference in the number of giant cells (P = .60), graft particles (P = .46), and new bone formation around graft particles (P = .26), whether PRP was added or not. Anorganic bone, isolated or mixed with PRP, was biocompatible and osteoconductive, while maintaining bone volume.