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231 results on '"Darby, S. C."'

8. A Bayesian approach to parallel line bioassay

Author

Darby, S. C. and Armitage, P.

Subjects
519
Abstract

This thesis considers parallel line bioassay from a Bayesian point of view along the lines laid about Lindley (1972) and de Finetti (1975). The mathematical model used for the analysis is a non-linear one in which the log potency appears explicitly as a parameter. This enables prior knowledge about the log potency ratio to be incorporated straightforwardly in the analysis. The method of analysis follows closely the ideas of Lindley and Smith (1972) for the linear model. Extended models in which experimental design features such as randomized blocks and Latin squares are accounted for are also considered, and a method for the use of prior information to design an assay is given. In addition to the analysis of a single essay the problem of combining information from several assays is considered and two different models which combine such information are discussed.

Published
1976
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25. A summary of mortality and incidence of cancer in men from the United Kingdom who participated in the United Kingdom's atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and experimental programmes

Author

Darby, S C, Kendall, G M, Fell, T P, O'Hagan, J A, Muirhead, C R, Ennis, J R, Ball, A M, Dennis, J A, and Doll, R

Subjects
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced, Male, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Smoking, General Engineering, Environmental Exposure, General Medicine, Radiation Dosage, United Kingdom, Risk Factors, Papers and Short Reports, Humans, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Multiple Myeloma, Nuclear Warfare, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Altogether 22,347 men who participated in the United Kingdom's atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and experimental programmes in Australia and the Pacific Ocean between 1952 and 1967 were identified from the archives of the Ministry of Defence and followed up. Their mortality and incidence of cancer were compared with those in 22,326 matched controls selected from the same archives. The risk of mortality in the participants relative to that in the controls was 1.01 for all causes and 0.96 for all neoplasms. Thirty eight causes of death were examined separately. Significant differences in mortality were found for leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and other injury and poisoning, with higher rates in the participants, and for cancers of the prostate and kidney and chronic bronchitis, with higher rates in the controls. The mortality from leukaemia and multiple myeloma in the participants was slightly greater than would have been expected from national values (standardised mortality ratios of 113 and 111, respectively), but in the controls it was substantially lower (standardised mortality ratios of 32 and 0, respectively). Examination of the rates of leukaemia and multiple myeloma in groups of participants showed very little difference between groups characterised by recorded doses of external radiation or type of test participation and failed to indicate any specific hazard. Evidence obtained from participants who reported themselves voluntarily (or were reported by relatives or friends) suggested that 17% of participants may have been omitted from the main study group but that any resulting bias was small. Most of the differences observed between the participants and controls were interpreted as due to chance, but some may be due to differences in smoking habits. Participation in the test programme did not seem, in itself, to have caused any detectable effect on the participants' expectation of life, apart from possibly causing small risks of developing leukaemia and multiple myeloma.

Published
2016

27. Cancer risk in 680 000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: data linkage study of 11 million Australians

Author

Mathews, J. D., primary, Forsythe, A. V., additional, Brady, Z., additional, Butler, M. W., additional, Goergen, S. K., additional, Byrnes, G. B., additional, Giles, G. G., additional, Wallace, A. B., additional, Anderson, P. R., additional, Guiver, T. A., additional, McGale, P., additional, Cain, T. M., additional, Dowty, J. G., additional, Bickerstaffe, A. C., additional, and Darby, S. C., additional

Published
2013
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44. Radon and Cancers Other Than Lung Cancer in Underground Miners: a Collaborative Analysis of 11 Studies

Author

Darby, S. C., primary, Whitely, E., additional, Howe, G. R., additional, Hutchings, S. J., additional, Kusiak, R. A., additional, Lubin, J. H., additional, Morrison, H. I., additional, Tirmarche, M., additional, Tomasek, L., additional, Radford, E. P., additional, Roscoe, R. J., additional, Samet, J. M., additional, and Yao, S. X., additional

Published
1995
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49. Radiation-related mortality from heart disease and lung cancer more than 20 years after radiotherapy for breast cancer.

Author

Henson, K E, McGale, P, Taylor, C, and Darby, S C

Subjects
HEART disease related mortality, LUNG cancer, BREAST cancer, CANCER radiotherapy, EPIDEMIOLOGY, MEDICAL registries
Abstract

Background:Radiation-related heart disease and lung cancer can occur following radiotherapy for breast cancer but the duration of any mortality risk is uncertain.Methods:Mortality ratios, by laterality of breast cancer, were estimated using Poisson regression for 558 871 women recorded with breast cancer during 1973-2008 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registries and followed until 01 January 2009.Results:For women diagnosed with breast cancer during 1973-1982 and given radiotherapy shortly afterwards, the cardiac mortality ratios, left-sided vs right-sided, were 1.19 (1.03-1.38), 1.35 (1.05-1.73), 1.64 (1.26-2.14) and 1.90 (1.52-2.37) at <10, 10-14, 15-19 and 20+ years since diagnosis (2p for trend: <0.001). The lung cancer mortality ratios, ipsilateral vs contralateral, in these women were 1.05 (0.57-1.94), 2.04 (1.28-3.23) and 3.87 (2.19-6.82) at <10, 10-19 and 20+ years, respectively, (2p for trend: 0.002). For women irradiated during 1983-92 there was evidence of radiation-related mortality for lung cancer, but not for heart disease. For women irradiated since 1993 there is, as yet, little evidence of any radiation-related mortality.Conclusion:In this population, the radiation-related risks were larger in the third decade after exposure than during the first two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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