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Objective. To analyze factors related to nutrition disorders about undernutrition and overnutrition in older people with the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), follow-up survey in 2018. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional relationships between social determinants, health relative factors and stressful life events with models for undernutrition and overnutrition among older people. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and simple and multiple logistic regression models. Results. A total of 4 587 old people, undernutrition was 16% and relationship was found with =80 years, no partner, no schooling, overestimation of body mass index (BMI), motor difficulty, instrumental functional dependence, hospitalization in a previous year, and falls in the last two years, self-report prehensile strength of hand, report of a disaster affecting housing or an accident affecting health. The overnutrition was 43.6% and was related to women, aged 60 to 79, have =3 diseases, somatic symptoms, physical inactivity and underestimate their BMI. Conclusions. The factors related to nutrition disorders due to undernutrition or overnutrition are important interventions areas on aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The third wave of COVID-19 in Mexico produced a high demand for hospital care, which is why it was created a multidisciplinary group to optimize decision-making: the Interinstitutional Command for the Health Sector (COISS, according to its initials in Spanish). So far, there is no scientific evidence of the COISS processes or their effect on the behavior of epidemiological indicators and the hospital care needs of the population in the context of COVID-19 in the entities involved. Objectives: To analyze the trend on epidemic risk indicators throughout the COISS group's management in the third wave of COVID-19 in Mexico. Material and methods: Mixed study: 1) non-systematic review of information from technical documents issued by COISS, 2) secondary analysis of open-access institutional databases through the description of healthcare needs of cases notified with COVID-19 symptoms, and an ecological analysis by each Mexican state on the behavior of hospital occupancy, RT-PCR positivity, and COVID-19 mortality in two-time points. Results: The COISS activity in identifying states with epidemic risk generated actions aimed at a reduction in hospital occupancy of beds, positivity by RT-PCR, and mortality from COVID-19. Conclusions: The decisions of the COISS group reduced the indicators of epidemic risk. Continuing the work of the COISS group is an urgent need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The validity of a study depends on its proper planning, execution and analysis. If these are sufficiently correct, the decision to apply the recommendations issued depends on the expected clinical effect. This effect may have random variations, hence the need to use statistical inference. For years the p-value has been used to determine this statistical significance and the confidence intervals to measure the magnitude of the effect. In this review we present a proposal of how to interpret the 95 % confidence intervals (CI 95 %) as estimators of the expected effect variability based on considering the threshold or value of clinical significance and the null value of the difference or rejection of statistical significance. Thus, an association or effect where the CI 95 % includes the null value (no effect or difference) is interpreted as inconclusive; one between the null value and the clinical threshold (without including them) as possibly inconsequential; one that does not include the null value but the clinical threshold as yet not conclusive and one beyond the clinical threshold as conclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]