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Women with a previous venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at risk of recurrence during pregnancy. We aimed to assess the incidence rate of recurrent VTE during pregnancy, according to the period of pregnancy, and the clinical parameters associated with recurrence, in a prospective cohort of women of childbearing age after a first VTE. A total of 189 women aged 15–49 years with a first documented VTE were followed until a subsequent pregnancy of at least 20 weeks’ gestation between 2000 and 2020. VTE recurrences during pregnancy were recorded, as were potential clinical risk factors for recurrence. Recurrent VTE occurred in six women during antepartum: five during the first trimester (incidence rate 106.4 per 1000 women‐years) (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.3–226.0); none during the second trimester; and one during the third trimester (incidence rate 27.0 per 1000 women‐years [95% CI 4.8–138.2]). During postpartum, recurrences occurred in 11 women (incidence rate 212.8 per 1000 women‐years [95% CI 119.9–349.1]). These 17 recurrent VTEs presented as pulmonary embolism ± deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in five patients and isolated DVT in 12. Failure of thromboprophylaxis occurred in two cases (33.3%) antepartum and in 10 cases (90.9%) postpartum. In multivariable analysis, only obesity (defined on prepregnancy body mass index) was associated with recurrent VTE (odds ratio 3.34 [95% CI 1.11–10.05, p= .03]). This study confirms a high risk of recurrent VTE postpartum, despite thromboprophylaxis, in women with a previous VTE. Only obesity was associated with VTE recurrence during pregnancy, suggesting that low‐dose anticoagulation might not be appropriate in obese pregnant women.

Women with a previous venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at risk of recurrence during pregnancy.

During endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), complex iliac anatomy is a source of complications such as unintentional coverage of the hypogastric artery. The aim of our study was to evaluate ability to predict coverage of the hypogastric artery using a biomechanical model simulating arterial deformations caused by the delivery system.

Fusion imaging is a technique that facilitates endovascular navigation but is only available in hybrid rooms. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fusion imaging with a mobile C-arm in a conventional operating room through the use of an angionavigation station.

To report the prevalence of silent brain infarcts (SBI) at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after surgery for asymptomatic high grade carotid stenosis.

The risk of long-term complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is still higher than open surgery and is a critical issue. This study aims to make available reliable statistical predictive models of complications after EVAR.

The stent grafts used for endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR) profited from many technological changes since their appearance. The objective of this study was to compare the medium-term results of the second- and third-generation stent grafts.

Spatio-temporal configurations of distributed activity in the brain is thought to contribute to the coding of neuronal information and synaptic contacts between nerve cells could play a central role in the formation of privileged pathways of activity. Synaptic plasticity is not the exclusive mode of regulation of information processing in the brain, and persistent regulations of ionic conductances in some specialized neuronal areas such as the dendrites, the cell body, and the axon could also modulate, in the long-term, the propagation of neuronal information. Persistent changes in intrinsic excitability have been reported in several brain areas in which activity is elevated during a classical conditioning. The role of synaptic activity seems to be a determinant in the induction, but the learning rules and the underlying mechanisms remain to be defined. We discuss here the role of synaptic activity in the induction of intrinsic plasticity in cortical, hippocampal, and cerebellar neurons. Activation of glutamate receptors initiates a long-term modification in neuronal excitability that may represent a parallel, synergistic substrate for learning and memory. Similar to synaptic plasticity, long-lasting intrinsic plasticity appears to be bidirectional and to express a certain level of input or cell specificity. These nonsynaptic forms of plasticity affect the signal propagation in the axon, the dendrites, and the soma. They not only share common learning rules and induction pathways with the better-known synaptic plasticity such as NMDA receptor dependent LTP and LTD, but also contribute in synergy with these synaptic changes to the formation of a coherent engram.

Mouse vas deferens protein (MVDP) is an aldose reductase-like protein that is highly expressed in the vas deferens and adrenal glands and whose physiological functions were unknown. We hereby describe the enzymatic characteristics of MVDP and its role in murine adrenocortical Y1 cells. The murine aldose reductase (AR) and MVDP cDNAs were expressed in bacteria to obtain recombinant proteins and to compare their enzymatic activities. Recombinant MVDP was functional and displayed kinetic properties distinct from those of murine AR toward various substrates, a preference for NADH, and insensitivity to AR inhibitors. For MVDP, isocaproaldehyde, a product of side-chain cleavage of cholesterol generated during steroidogenesis, is the best natural substrate identified so far. In Y1 cells, we found that NADH-linked isocaproaldehyde reductase (ICR) activity was much higher than NADPH-linked ICR activity and was not abolished by AR inhibitors. We demonstrate that in Y1 cells, forskolin-induced MVDP expression enhanced NADH-linked ICR activity by 5–6-fold, whereas no variation in ICR-linked NADPH activity was observed in the same experiment. In cells stably transfected with MVDP antisense cDNA, NADH-linked ICR activity was abolished even in the presence of forskolin, and the isocaproaldehyde toxicity was increased compared with that of intact Y1 cells, as measured by isocaproaldehyde LD50. In Y1 cells transfected with MVDP antisense cDNA, forskolin-induced toxicity was abolished by aminoglutethimide. These results indicate that in adrenocortical cells, MVDP is responsible for detoxifying isocaproaldehyde generated by steroidogenesis.

Three different colloidal calcium carbonate additives were each functionalized with dithiodiglycolic acid in order to convert 10 percent of the calcium carbonate content into the appropriate calcium carboxylate salt. The generated sulfurized calcium salts are located inside the micellar cores.Investigation of colloidal size distribution using small-angle-X-ray scattering has shown that the reaction takes place inside each micelle without modification of the general shape, and without any aggregation phenomena.Evaluation of the antiwear properties of each modified or unmodified product in a four-ball test shows that a minimum particle size is required to obtain a significant antiwear effect.

Colloidal calcium carbonate conventionally used as detergent in lubricant, i.e., overbased calcium sulfonate, was functionalized by the product of the reaction of calcium hydroxide and tetraphosphorus decasulfide with water to yield a mineral calcium thiophosphate, or with isopropanol to yield an organic calcium dialkyl dithiophosphate. These two species are respectively comicelized with the initial calcium carbonate colloidal core. The colloidal nature of these products was confirmed and they were evaluated in a four-ball test and compared to the original nonfunctionalized colloidal additive. Both modified products exhibit improved extreme-pressure performances, while their antiwear properties compared to those of the original overbased substrate remain at least at the same level.

Aldose reductase (AR; EC 1.1.1.21) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of glucose to sorbitol, the first step of the polyol pathway. AR is of great interest due to its implication in the etiology of diabetic complications. In renal medullary cells, AR also plays an osmoregulatory role by accumulating sorbitol to maintain the intracellular osmotic balance during antidiuresis. We have previously cloned the AR cDNA from mouse kidney, and we report here the isolation of the mouse AR gene promoter. Transient transfection of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter constructs containing various 5'-flanking regions of the mouse AR gene in CV1 cells led to the identification of a sequence spanning base pairs -1053 to -1040, required for an enhancer activity in hypertonic compared with isotonic cell culture conditions. This sequence is similar to the tonicity-responsive element first characterized in the betaine-gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter promoter.