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1. Combined Role of Troponin and Natriuretic Peptides Measurements in Patients With Covid-19 (from the Cardio-COVID-Italy Multicenter Study)

Author

Iorio, A, Lombardi, C, Specchia, C, Merlo, M, Nuzzi, V, Ferraro, I, Peveri, G, Oriecuia, C, Pozzi, A, Inciardi, R, Carubelli, V, Bellasi, A, Canale, C, Camporotondo, R, Catagnano, F, Dalla Vecchia, L, Giovinazzo, S, Maccagni, G, Mapelli, M, Margonato, D, Monzo, L, Provenzale, G, Sarullo, F, Tomasoni, D, Ameri, P, Gnecchi, M, Leonardi, S, Agostoni, P, Carugo, S, Danzi, G, Guazzi, M, La Rovere, M, Mortara, A, Piepoli, M, Porto, I, Volterrani, M, Sinagra, G, Senni, M, Metra, M, Iorio A., Lombardi C. M., Specchia C., Merlo M., Nuzzi V., Ferraro I., Peveri G., Oriecuia C., Pozzi A., Inciardi R. M., Carubelli V., Bellasi A., Canale C., Camporotondo R., Catagnano F., Dalla Vecchia L., Giovinazzo S., Maccagni G., Mapelli M., Margonato D., Monzo L., Provenzale G., Sarullo F., Tomasoni D., Ameri P., Gnecchi M., Leonardi S., Agostoni P., Carugo S., Danzi G. B., Guazzi M., La Rovere M. T., Mortara A., Piepoli M., Porto I., Volterrani M., Sinagra G., Senni M., Metra M., Iorio, A, Lombardi, C, Specchia, C, Merlo, M, Nuzzi, V, Ferraro, I, Peveri, G, Oriecuia, C, Pozzi, A, Inciardi, R, Carubelli, V, Bellasi, A, Canale, C, Camporotondo, R, Catagnano, F, Dalla Vecchia, L, Giovinazzo, S, Maccagni, G, Mapelli, M, Margonato, D, Monzo, L, Provenzale, G, Sarullo, F, Tomasoni, D, Ameri, P, Gnecchi, M, Leonardi, S, Agostoni, P, Carugo, S, Danzi, G, Guazzi, M, La Rovere, M, Mortara, A, Piepoli, M, Porto, I, Volterrani, M, Sinagra, G, Senni, M, Metra, M, Iorio A., Lombardi C. M., Specchia C., Merlo M., Nuzzi V., Ferraro I., Peveri G., Oriecuia C., Pozzi A., Inciardi R. M., Carubelli V., Bellasi A., Canale C., Camporotondo R., Catagnano F., Dalla Vecchia L., Giovinazzo S., Maccagni G., Mapelli M., Margonato D., Monzo L., Provenzale G., Sarullo F., Tomasoni D., Ameri P., Gnecchi M., Leonardi S., Agostoni P., Carugo S., Danzi G. B., Guazzi M., La Rovere M. T., Mortara A., Piepoli M., Porto I., Volterrani M., Sinagra G., Senni M., and Metra M.

Abstract

Data concerning the combined prognostic role of natriuretic peptide (NP) and troponin in patients with COVID-19 are lacking. The aim of the study is to evaluate the combined prognostic value of NPs and troponin in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. From March 1, 2020 to April 9, 2020, consecutive patients with COVID-19 and available data on cardiac biomarkers at admission were recruited. Patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome were excluded. Troponin levels were defined as elevated when greater than the 99th percentile of normal values. NPs were considered elevated if above the limit for ruling in acute heart failure (HF). A total of 341 patients were included in this study, mean age 68 ± 13 years, 72% were men. During a median follow-up period of 14 days, 81 patients (24%) died. In the Cox regression analysis, patients with elevated both NPs and troponin levels had higher risk of death compared with those with normal levels of both (hazard ratio 2.94; 95% confidence interval 1.31 to 6.64; p = 0.009), and this remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, oxygen saturation, HF history, and chronic kidney disease. Interestingly, NPs provided risk stratification also in patients with normal troponin values (hazard ratio 2.86; 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 6.72; p = 0.016 with high NPs levels). These data show the combined prognostic role of troponin and NPs in COVID-19 patients. NPs value may be helpful in identifying patients with a worse prognosis among those with normal troponin values. Further, NPs’ cut-point used for diagnosis of acute HF has a predictive role in patients with COVID-19.

Published
2022

2. Sex-related differences in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Results of the Cardio-COVID-Italy multicentre study

Author

Lombardi, C, Specchia, C, Conforti, F, Rovere, M, Carubelli, V, Agostoni, P, Carugo, S, Danzi, G, Guazzi, M, Mortara, A, Piepoli, M, Porto, I, Sinagra, G, Volterrani, M, Ameri, P, Gnecchi, M, Leonardi, S, Merlo, M, Iorio, A, Bellasi, A, Canale, C, Camporotondo, R, Catagnano, F, Dalla Vecchia, L, Di Pasquale, M, Giovinazzo, S, Maccagni, G, Mapelli, M, Margonato, D, Monzo, L, Nuzzi, V, Oriecuia, C, Pala, L, Peveri, G, Pozzi, A, Provenzale, G, Sarullo, F, Adamo, M, Tomasoni, D, Inciardi, R, Senni, M, Metra, M, Lombardi C. M., Specchia C., Conforti F., Rovere M. T. L., Carubelli V., Agostoni P., Carugo S., Danzi G. B., Guazzi M., Mortara A., Piepoli M., Porto I., Sinagra G., Volterrani M., Ameri P., Gnecchi M., Leonardi S., Merlo M., Iorio A., Bellasi A., Canale C., Camporotondo R., Catagnano F., Dalla Vecchia L. A., Di Pasquale M., Giovinazzo S., Maccagni G., Mapelli M., Margonato D., Monzo L., Nuzzi V., Oriecuia C., Pala L., Peveri G., Pozzi A., Provenzale G., Sarullo F., Adamo M., Tomasoni D., Inciardi R. M., Senni M., Metra M., Lombardi, C, Specchia, C, Conforti, F, Rovere, M, Carubelli, V, Agostoni, P, Carugo, S, Danzi, G, Guazzi, M, Mortara, A, Piepoli, M, Porto, I, Sinagra, G, Volterrani, M, Ameri, P, Gnecchi, M, Leonardi, S, Merlo, M, Iorio, A, Bellasi, A, Canale, C, Camporotondo, R, Catagnano, F, Dalla Vecchia, L, Di Pasquale, M, Giovinazzo, S, Maccagni, G, Mapelli, M, Margonato, D, Monzo, L, Nuzzi, V, Oriecuia, C, Pala, L, Peveri, G, Pozzi, A, Provenzale, G, Sarullo, F, Adamo, M, Tomasoni, D, Inciardi, R, Senni, M, Metra, M, Lombardi C. M., Specchia C., Conforti F., Rovere M. T. L., Carubelli V., Agostoni P., Carugo S., Danzi G. B., Guazzi M., Mortara A., Piepoli M., Porto I., Sinagra G., Volterrani M., Ameri P., Gnecchi M., Leonardi S., Merlo M., Iorio A., Bellasi A., Canale C., Camporotondo R., Catagnano F., Dalla Vecchia L. A., Di Pasquale M., Giovinazzo S., Maccagni G., Mapelli M., Margonato D., Monzo L., Nuzzi V., Oriecuia C., Pala L., Peveri G., Pozzi A., Provenzale G., Sarullo F., Adamo M., Tomasoni D., Inciardi R. M., Senni M., and Metra M.

Abstract

IntroductionThe role of sex compared to comorbidities and other prognostic variables in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unclear.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study on patients with COVID-19 infection, referred to 13 cardiology units. The primary objective was to assess the difference in risk of death between the sexes. The secondary objective was to explore sex-based heterogeneity in the association between demographic, clinical and laboratory variables, and patients' risk of death.ResultsSeven hundred and one patients were included: 214 (30.5%) women and 487 (69.5%) men. During a median follow-up of 15-days, deaths occurred in 39 (18.2%) women and 126 (25.9%) men. In a multivariable Cox regression model, men had a nonsignificantly higher risk of death vs. women (P = 0.07).The risk of death was more than double in men with a low lymphocytes count as compared with men with a high lymphocytes count [overall survival hazard ratio (OS-HR) 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72-3.81]. In contrast, lymphocytes count was not related to death in women (P=0.03).Platelets count was associated with better outcome in men (OS-HR for increase of 50-×-103units: 0.88 95% CI 0.78-1.00) but not in women. The strength of association between higher PaO2/FiO2ratio and lower risk of death was larger in women (OS-HR for increase of 50-mmHg/%: 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.89) vs. men (OS-HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.98; P-=-0.05).ConclusionsPatients' sex is a relevant variable that should be taken into account when evaluating risk of death from COVID-19. There is a sex-based heterogeneity in the association between baseline variables and patients' risk of death.

Published
2022

3. ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With COVID-19

Author

Stefanini, G. G., Montorfano, M., Trabattoni, D., Andreini, D., Ferrante, G., Ancona, M., Metra, M., Curello, S., Maffeo, D., Pero, G., Cacucci, M., Assanelli, E., Bellini, B., Russo, F., Ielasi, A., Tespili, M., Danzi, G. B., Vandoni, P., Bollati, M., Barbieri, L., Oreglia, J., Lettieri, C., Cremonesi, A., Carugo, S., Reimers, B., Condorelli, G., and Chieffo, A.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, coronavirus, Coronary Angiography, medicine.disease_cause, Betacoronavirus, Risk Factors, St elevation myocardial infarction, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Correspondence, Pandemic, Research Letter, 80 and over, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Viral, Pandemics, Aged, Coronavirus, Aged, 80 and over, biology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Pneumonia, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, ST elevation myocardial infarction, Echocardiography, Cardiology, Female, Coronavirus Infections, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published
2020

4. Determinants of the protective effect of glucocorticoids on mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Insights from the Cardio-COVID-Italy multicenter study

Author

Pagnesi, M., Inciardi, R. M., Lombardi, C. M., Agostoni, P., Ameri, P., Barbieri, L., Bellasi, A., Camporotondo, R., Canale, C., Carubelli, V., Carugo, S., Catagnano, F., Dalla Vecchia, L. A., Danzi, G. B., Di Pasquale, M., Gaudenzi, M., Giovinazzo, S., Gnecchi, M., Guazzi, M., Iorio, A., La Rovere, M. T., Leonardi, S., Maccagni, G., Mapelli, M., Margonato, D., Merlo, M., Monzo, L., Mortara, A., Nuzzi, V., Piepoli, M., Porto, I., Pozzi, A., Sarullo, F., Sinagra, G., Tedino, C., Tomasoni, D., Volterrani, M., Zaccone, G., Senni, M., Metra, M., Pagnesi, M, Inciardi, R, Lombardi, C, Agostoni, P, Ameri, P, Barbieri, L, Bellasi, A, Camporotondo, R, Canale, C, Carubelli, V, Carugo, S, Catagnano, F, Dalla Vecchia, L, Danzi, G, Di Pasquale, M, Gaudenzi, M, Giovinazzo, S, Gnecchi, M, Guazzi, M, Iorio, A, La Rovere, M, Leonardi, S, Maccagni, G, Mapelli, M, Margonato, D, Merlo, M, Monzo, L, Mortara, A, Nuzzi, V, Piepoli, M, Porto, I, Pozzi, A, Sarullo, F, Sinagra, G, Tedino, C, Tomasoni, D, Volterrani, M, Zaccone, G, Senni, M, Metra, M, Pagnesi, M., Inciardi, R. M., Lombardi, C. M., Agostoni, P., Ameri, P., Barbieri, L., Bellasi, A., Camporotondo, R., Canale, C., Carubelli, V., Carugo, S., Catagnano, F., Dalla Vecchia, L. A., Danzi, G. B., Di Pasquale, M., Gaudenzi, M., Giovinazzo, S., Gnecchi, M., Guazzi, M., Iorio, A., La Rovere, M. T., Leonardi, S., Maccagni, G., Mapelli, M., Margonato, D., Merlo, M., Monzo, L., Mortara, A., Nuzzi, V., Piepoli, M., Porto, I., Pozzi, A., Sarullo, F., Sinagra, G., Tedino, C., Tomasoni, D., Volterrani, M., Zaccone, G., Senni, M., and Metra, M.

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Short Communication, COVID-19, corticosteroid, glucocorticoid, steroid, Glucocorticoid, Italy, Corticosteroid, Steroid, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Glucocorticoids
Abstract

Background: Glucocorticoid therapy has emerged as an effective therapeutic option in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to focus on the impact of relevant clinical and laboratory factors on the protective effect of glucocorticoids on mortality. Methods: A sub-analysis was performed of the multicenter Cardio-COVID-Italy registry, enrolling consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 13 Italian cardiology units between 01 March 2020 and 09 April 2020. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 706 COVID-19 patients were included (349 treated with glucocorticoids, 357 not treated with glucocorticoids). After adjustment for relevant covariates, use of glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.26–0.72; p = 0.001). A significant interaction was observed between the protective effect of glucocorticoids on mortality and PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission (p = 0.042), oxygen saturation on admission (p = 0.017), and peak CRP (0.023). Such protective effects of glucocorticoids were mainly observed in patients with lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio (100 mg/L). Conclusions: The protective effects of glucocorticoids on mortality in COVID-19 were more evident among patients with worse respiratory parameters and higher systemic inflammation.

Published
2021

5. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and ambient air pollution: A dose-effect relationship and an association with OHCA incidence

Author

Gentile, F. R., Primi, R., Baldi, E., Compagnoni, S., Mare, C., Contri, E., Reali, F., Bussi, D., Facchin, F., Currao, A., Bendotti, S., Savastano, S., Cuzzoli, A., Pagliosa, A., Matiz, G., Russo, A., Vecchi, A. L., Fantoni, C., Parogni, P., Fava, C., Franzosi, C., Vimercati, C., Franchi, D., Storti, E., Rizzi, U., Ruggeri, S., Taravelli, E., Giovenzana, F., Buetto, G., Villa, G. F., Botteri, M., Caico, S. I., Bergamini, G., Cominesi, I. R., Carnevale, L., Caresani, M., Luppi, M., Migliori, M., Centineo, P., Genoni, P., Bertona, R., De Ponti, R., Buratti, S., Danzi, G. B., Marioni, A., Palo, A., De Pirro, A., Molinari, S., Sgromo, V., Musella, V., Paglino, M., Mojoli, F., Lusona, B., Pagani, M., Curti, M., Klersy, C., Campi, S., Castiglioni, B., Piccolo, U., Cazzaniga, M., Passarelli, I., Perone, G., Panni, G., Ghiraldin, D., Bettari, L., Moschini, L., and Zanotti, L.

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Meteorological Concepts, Epidemiology, Air pollution, Cardiovascular Medicine, Logistic regression, medicine.disease_cause, Geographical locations, chemistry.chemical_compound, Medical Conditions, Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiac Arrest, Emergency medical services, Medicine, media_common, Air Pollutants, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Organic Compounds, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Pollution, Europe, Chemistry, Italy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Physical Sciences, Research Article, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Cardiology, Meteorology, Air Pollution, Environmental health, Humans, Nitrogen dioxide, European Union, Air quality index, Pollutant, business.industry, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Compounds, Humidity, Benzene, Environmental Exposure, Logistic Models, chemistry, Medical Risk Factors, Earth Sciences, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, People and places, business
Abstract

Background Pollution has been suggested as a precipitating factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, data about the link between air pollution and the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are limited and controversial. Methods By collecting data both in the OHCA registry and in the database of the regional agency for environmental protection (ARPA) of the Lombardy region, all medical OHCAs and the mean daily concentration of pollutants including fine particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), benzene (C6H6), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) were considered from January 1st to December 31st, 2019 in the southern part of the Lombardy region (provinces of Pavia, Lodi, Cremona and Mantua; 7863 km2; about 1550000 inhabitants). Days were divided into high or low incidence of OHCA according to the median value. A Probit dose-response analysis and both uni- and multivariable logistic regression models were provided for each pollutant. Results The concentrations of all the pollutants were significantly higher in days with high incidence of OHCA except for O3, which showed a significant countertrend. After correcting for temperature, a significant dose-response relationship was demonstrated for all the pollutants examined. All the pollutants were also strongly associated with high incidence of OHCA in multivariable analysis with correction for temperature, humidity, and day-to-day concentration changes. Conclusions Our results clarify the link between pollutants and the acute risk of cardiac arrest suggesting the need of both improving the air quality and integrating pollution data in future models for the organization of emergency medical services.

Published
2021

6. Impact of clinical and subclinical coronary artery disease as assessed by coronary artery calcium in COVID-19

Author

Scoccia, A, Gallone, G, Cereda, A, Palmisano, A, Vignale, D, Leone, R, Nicoletti, V, Gnasso, C, Monello, A, Khokhar, A, Sticchi, A, Biagi, A, Tacchetti, C, Campo, G, Rapezzi, C, Ponticelli, F, Danzi, G, Loffi, M, Pontone, G, Andreini, D, Casella, G, Iannopollo, G, Ippolito, D, Bellani, G, Patelli, G, Besana, F, Costa, C, Vignali, L, Benatti, G, Iannaccone, M, Vaudano, P, Pacielli, A, De Carlini, C, Maggiolini, S, Bonaffini, P, Senni, M, Scarnecchia, E, Anastasio, F, Colombo, A, Ferrari, R, Esposito, A, Giannini, F, Toselli, M, Scoccia A., Gallone G., Cereda A., Palmisano A., Vignale D., Leone R., Nicoletti V., Gnasso C., Monello A., Khokhar A., Sticchi A., Biagi A., Tacchetti C., Campo G., Rapezzi C., Ponticelli F., Danzi G. B., Loffi M., Pontone G., Andreini D., Casella G., Iannopollo G., Ippolito D., Bellani G., Patelli G., Besana F., Costa C., Vignali L., Benatti G., Iannaccone M., Vaudano P. G., Pacielli A., De Carlini C. C., Maggiolini S., Bonaffini P. A., Senni M., Scarnecchia E., Anastasio F., Colombo A., Ferrari R., Esposito A., Giannini F., Toselli M., Scoccia, A, Gallone, G, Cereda, A, Palmisano, A, Vignale, D, Leone, R, Nicoletti, V, Gnasso, C, Monello, A, Khokhar, A, Sticchi, A, Biagi, A, Tacchetti, C, Campo, G, Rapezzi, C, Ponticelli, F, Danzi, G, Loffi, M, Pontone, G, Andreini, D, Casella, G, Iannopollo, G, Ippolito, D, Bellani, G, Patelli, G, Besana, F, Costa, C, Vignali, L, Benatti, G, Iannaccone, M, Vaudano, P, Pacielli, A, De Carlini, C, Maggiolini, S, Bonaffini, P, Senni, M, Scarnecchia, E, Anastasio, F, Colombo, A, Ferrari, R, Esposito, A, Giannini, F, Toselli, M, Scoccia A., Gallone G., Cereda A., Palmisano A., Vignale D., Leone R., Nicoletti V., Gnasso C., Monello A., Khokhar A., Sticchi A., Biagi A., Tacchetti C., Campo G., Rapezzi C., Ponticelli F., Danzi G. B., Loffi M., Pontone G., Andreini D., Casella G., Iannopollo G., Ippolito D., Bellani G., Patelli G., Besana F., Costa C., Vignali L., Benatti G., Iannaccone M., Vaudano P. G., Pacielli A., De Carlini C. C., Maggiolini S., Bonaffini P. A., Senni M., Scarnecchia E., Anastasio F., Colombo A., Ferrari R., Esposito A., Giannini F., and Toselli M.

Abstract

Background and aims: The potential impact of coronary atherosclerosis, as detected by coronary artery calcium, on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients remains unsettled. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of clinical and subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD), as assessed by coronary artery calcium score (CAC), in a large, unselected population of hospitalized COVID-19 patients undergoing non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) for clinical practice. Methods: SARS-CoV 2 positive patients from the multicenter (16 Italian hospitals), retrospective observational SCORE COVID-19 (calcium score for COVID-19 Risk Evaluation) registry were stratified in three groups: (a) “clinical CAD” (prior revascularization history), (b) “subclinical CAD” (CAC >0), (c) “No CAD” (CAC = 0). Primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality and the secondary endpoint was a composite of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident (MI/CVA). Results: Amongst 1625 patients (male 67.2%, median age 69 [interquartile range 58–77] years), 31%, 57.8% and 11.1% had no, subclinical and clinical CAD, respectively. Increasing rates of in-hospital mortality (11.3% vs. 27.3% vs. 39.8%, p < 0.001) and MI/CVA events (2.3% vs. 3.8% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001) were observed for patients with no CAD vs. subclinical CAD vs clinical CAD, respectively. The association with in-hospital mortality was independent of in-study outcome predictors (age, peripheral artery disease, active cancer, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, LDH, aerated lung volume): subclinical CAD vs. No CAD: adjusted hazard ratio (adj-HR) 2.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–7.17, p=0.025); clinical CAD vs. No CAD: adj-HR 3.74 (95% CI 1.21–11.60, p=0.022). Among patients with subclinical CAD, increasing CAC burden was associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality (20.5% vs. 27.9% vs. 38.7% for patients with CAC score thresholds≤100, 101–400 and > 400, respectively, p < 0.001). The adj-HR per 50 points increase in C

Published
2021

7. Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study

Author

Castelnuovo, A, Costanzo, S, Antinori, A, Berselli, N, Blandi, L, Bruno, R, Cauda, R, Guaraldi, G, Menicanti, L, My, I, Parruti, G, Patti, G, Perlini, S, Santilli, F, Signorelli, C, Spinoni, E, Stefanini, G, Vergori, A, Ageno, W, Agodi, A, Aiello, L, Agostoni, P, Moghazi, S, Astuto, M, Aucella, F, Barbieri, G, Bartoloni, A, Bonaccio, M, Bonfanti, P, Cacciatore, F, Caiano, L, Cannata, F, Carrozzi, L, Cascio, A, Ciccullo, A, Cingolani, A, Cipollone, F, Colomba, C, Crosta, F, Pra, C, Danzi, G, D'Ardes, D, Donati, K, Giacomo, P, Gennaro, F, Tano, G, D'Offizi, G, Filippini, T, Fusco, F, Gentile, I, Gialluisi, A, Gini, G, Grandone, E, Grisafi, L, Guarnieri, G, Lamonica, S, Landi, F, Leone, A, Maccagni, G, Maccarella, S, Madaro, A, Mapelli, M, Maragna, R, Marra, L, Maresca, G, Marotta, C, Mastroianni, F, Mazzitelli, M, Mengozzi, A, Menichetti, F, Meschiari, M, Minutolo, F, Montineri, A, Mussinelli, R, Mussini, C, Musso, M, Odone, A, Olivieri, M, Pasi, E, Petri, F, Pinchera, B, Pivato, C, Poletti, V, Ravaglia, C, Rinaldi, M, Rognoni, A, Rossato, M, Rossi, I, Rossi, M, Sabena, A, Salinaro, F, Sangiovanni, V, Sanrocco, C, Scorzolini, L, Sgariglia, R, Simeone, P, Spinicci, M, Trecarichi, E, Venezia, A, Veronesi, G, Vettor, R, Vianello, A, Vinceti, M, Vocciante, L, De Caterina, R, Iacoviello, L, Castelnuovo A. D., Costanzo S., Antinori A., Berselli N., Blandi L., Bruno R., Cauda R., Guaraldi G., Menicanti L., My I., Parruti G., Patti G., Perlini S., Santilli F., Signorelli C., Spinoni E., Stefanini G. G., Vergori A., Ageno W., Agodi A., Aiello L., Agostoni P., Moghazi S. A., Astuto M., Aucella F., Barbieri G., Bartoloni A., Bonaccio M., Bonfanti P., Cacciatore F., Caiano L., Cannata F., Carrozzi L., Cascio A., Ciccullo A., Cingolani A., Cipollone F., Colomba C., Crosta F., Pra C. D., Danzi G. B., D'Ardes D., Donati K. D. G., Giacomo P. D., Gennaro F. D., Tano G. D., D'Offizi G., Filippini T., Fusco F. M., Gentile I., Gialluisi A., Gini G., Grandone E., Grisafi L., Guarnieri G., Lamonica S., Landi F., Leone A., Maccagni G., Maccarella S., Madaro A., Mapelli M., Maragna R., Marra L., Maresca G., Marotta C., Mastroianni F., Mazzitelli M., Mengozzi A., Menichetti F., Meschiari M., Minutolo F., Montineri A., Mussinelli R., Mussini C., Musso M., Odone A., Olivieri M., Pasi E., Petri F., Pinchera B., Pivato C. A., Poletti V., Ravaglia C., Rinaldi M., Rognoni A., Rossato M., Rossi I., Rossi M., Sabena A., Salinaro F., Sangiovanni V., Sanrocco C., Scorzolini L., Sgariglia R., Simeone P. G., Spinicci M., Trecarichi E. M., Venezia A., Veronesi G., Vettor R., Vianello A., Vinceti M., Vocciante L., De Caterina R., Iacoviello L., Castelnuovo, A, Costanzo, S, Antinori, A, Berselli, N, Blandi, L, Bruno, R, Cauda, R, Guaraldi, G, Menicanti, L, My, I, Parruti, G, Patti, G, Perlini, S, Santilli, F, Signorelli, C, Spinoni, E, Stefanini, G, Vergori, A, Ageno, W, Agodi, A, Aiello, L, Agostoni, P, Moghazi, S, Astuto, M, Aucella, F, Barbieri, G, Bartoloni, A, Bonaccio, M, Bonfanti, P, Cacciatore, F, Caiano, L, Cannata, F, Carrozzi, L, Cascio, A, Ciccullo, A, Cingolani, A, Cipollone, F, Colomba, C, Crosta, F, Pra, C, Danzi, G, D'Ardes, D, Donati, K, Giacomo, P, Gennaro, F, Tano, G, D'Offizi, G, Filippini, T, Fusco, F, Gentile, I, Gialluisi, A, Gini, G, Grandone, E, Grisafi, L, Guarnieri, G, Lamonica, S, Landi, F, Leone, A, Maccagni, G, Maccarella, S, Madaro, A, Mapelli, M, Maragna, R, Marra, L, Maresca, G, Marotta, C, Mastroianni, F, Mazzitelli, M, Mengozzi, A, Menichetti, F, Meschiari, M, Minutolo, F, Montineri, A, Mussinelli, R, Mussini, C, Musso, M, Odone, A, Olivieri, M, Pasi, E, Petri, F, Pinchera, B, Pivato, C, Poletti, V, Ravaglia, C, Rinaldi, M, Rognoni, A, Rossato, M, Rossi, I, Rossi, M, Sabena, A, Salinaro, F, Sangiovanni, V, Sanrocco, C, Scorzolini, L, Sgariglia, R, Simeone, P, Spinicci, M, Trecarichi, E, Venezia, A, Veronesi, G, Vettor, R, Vianello, A, Vinceti, M, Vocciante, L, De Caterina, R, Iacoviello, L, Castelnuovo A. D., Costanzo S., Antinori A., Berselli N., Blandi L., Bruno R., Cauda R., Guaraldi G., Menicanti L., My I., Parruti G., Patti G., Perlini S., Santilli F., Signorelli C., Spinoni E., Stefanini G. G., Vergori A., Ageno W., Agodi A., Aiello L., Agostoni P., Moghazi S. A., Astuto M., Aucella F., Barbieri G., Bartoloni A., Bonaccio M., Bonfanti P., Cacciatore F., Caiano L., Cannata F., Carrozzi L., Cascio A., Ciccullo A., Cingolani A., Cipollone F., Colomba C., Crosta F., Pra C. D., Danzi G. B., D'Ardes D., Donati K. D. G., Giacomo P. D., Gennaro F. D., Tano G. D., D'Offizi G., Filippini T., Fusco F. M., Gentile I., Gialluisi A., Gini G., Grandone E., Grisafi L., Guarnieri G., Lamonica S., Landi F., Leone A., Maccagni G., Maccarella S., Madaro A., Mapelli M., Maragna R., Marra L., Maresca G., Marotta C., Mastroianni F., Mazzitelli M., Mengozzi A., Menichetti F., Meschiari M., Minutolo F., Montineri A., Mussinelli R., Mussini C., Musso M., Odone A., Olivieri M., Pasi E., Petri F., Pinchera B., Pivato C. A., Poletti V., Ravaglia C., Rinaldi M., Rognoni A., Rossato M., Rossi I., Rossi M., Sabena A., Salinaro F., Sangiovanni V., Sanrocco C., Scorzolini L., Sgariglia R., Simeone P. G., Spinicci M., Trecarichi E. M., Venezia A., Veronesi G., Vettor R., Vianello A., Vinceti M., Vocciante L., De Caterina R., and Iacoviello L.

Abstract

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was proposed as potential treatment for COVID-19. Objective: We set-up a multicenter Italian collaboration to investigate the relationship between HCQ therapy and COVID-19 in-hospital mortality. Methods: In a retrospective observational study, 3,451 unselected patients hospitalized in 33 clinical centers in Italy, from February 19, 2020 to May 23, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, were analyzed. The primary end-point in a time-to event analysis was in-hospital death, comparing patients who received HCQ with patients who did not. We used multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models with inverse probability for treatment weighting by propensity scores, with the addition of subgroup analyses. Results: Out of 3,451 COVID-19 patients, 76.3% received HCQ. Death rates (per 1,000 person-days) for patients receiving or not HCQ were 8.9 and 15.7, respectively. After adjustment for propensity scores, we found 30% lower risk of death in patients receiving HCQ (HR=0.70; 95%CI: 0.59 to 0.84; E-value=1.67). Secondary analyses yielded similar results. The inverse association of HCQ with inpatient mortality was particularly evident in patients having elevated C-reactive protein at entry. Conclusions: HCQ use was associated with a 30% lower risk of death in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Within the limits of an observational study and awaiting results from randomized controlled trials, these data do not discourage the use of HCQ in inpatients with COVID-19.

Published
2020

8. Common cardiovascular risk factors and in-hospital mortality in 3,894 patients with COVID-19: survival analysis and machine learning-based findings from the multicentre Italian CORIST Study

Author

Di Castelnuovo, A., Bonaccio, M., Costanzo, S., Gialluisi, A., Antinori, A., Berselli, N., Blandi, L., Bruno, Rosa Anna, Cauda, Roberto, Guaraldi, G., My, I., Menicanti, L., Parruti, G., Patti, G., Perlini, S., Santilli, F., Signorelli, C., Stefanini, G. G., Vergori, A., Abdeddaim, A., Ageno, W., Agodi, A., Agostoni, P., Aiello, L., Al Moghazi, S., Aucella, F., Barbieri, G., Bartoloni, A., Bologna, C., Bonfanti, P., Brancati, S., Cacciatore, F., Caiano, L., Cannata, F., Carrozzi, L., Cascio, A., Cingolani, Antonella, Cipollone, F., Colomba, C., Crisetti, A., Crosta, F., Danzi, G. B., D'Ardes, D., De Gaetano Donati, Katleen, Di Gennaro, F., Di Palma, G., Di Tano, G., Fantoni, Massimo, Filippini, T., Fioretto, P., Fusco, F. M., Gentile, I., Grisafi, L., Guarnieri, G., Landi, Francesco, Larizza, G., Leone, A., Maccagni, G., Maccarella, S., Mapelli, M., Maragna, R., Marcucci, R., Maresca, G., Marotta, C., Marra, L., Mastroianni, F., Mengozzi, A., Menichetti, F., Milic, J., Murri, Rita, Montineri, A., Mussinelli, R., Mussini, C., Musso, M., Odone, A., Olivieri, M., Pasi, E., Petri, F., Pinchera, B., Pivato, C. A., Pizzi, R., Poletti, V., Raffaelli, Francesca, Ravaglia, C., Righetti, G., Rognoni, A., Rossato, M., Rossi, M., Sabena, A., Salinaro, F., Sangiovanni, V., Sanrocco, C., Scarafino, A., Scorzolini, L., Sgariglia, R., Simeone, P. G., Spinoni, E., Torti, C., Trecarichi, Enrico Maria, Vezzani, F., Veronesi, G., Vettor, R., Vianello, A., Vinceti, M., De Caterina, R., Iacoviello, L., Bruno R., Cauda R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Cingolani A. (ORCID:0000-0002-3793-2755), de Gaetano Donati K., Fantoni M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6913-8460), Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Murri R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Raffaelli F., Trecarichi E. M., Di Castelnuovo, A., Bonaccio, M., Costanzo, S., Gialluisi, A., Antinori, A., Berselli, N., Blandi, L., Bruno, Rosa Anna, Cauda, Roberto, Guaraldi, G., My, I., Menicanti, L., Parruti, G., Patti, G., Perlini, S., Santilli, F., Signorelli, C., Stefanini, G. G., Vergori, A., Abdeddaim, A., Ageno, W., Agodi, A., Agostoni, P., Aiello, L., Al Moghazi, S., Aucella, F., Barbieri, G., Bartoloni, A., Bologna, C., Bonfanti, P., Brancati, S., Cacciatore, F., Caiano, L., Cannata, F., Carrozzi, L., Cascio, A., Cingolani, Antonella, Cipollone, F., Colomba, C., Crisetti, A., Crosta, F., Danzi, G. B., D'Ardes, D., De Gaetano Donati, Katleen, Di Gennaro, F., Di Palma, G., Di Tano, G., Fantoni, Massimo, Filippini, T., Fioretto, P., Fusco, F. M., Gentile, I., Grisafi, L., Guarnieri, G., Landi, Francesco, Larizza, G., Leone, A., Maccagni, G., Maccarella, S., Mapelli, M., Maragna, R., Marcucci, R., Maresca, G., Marotta, C., Marra, L., Mastroianni, F., Mengozzi, A., Menichetti, F., Milic, J., Murri, Rita, Montineri, A., Mussinelli, R., Mussini, C., Musso, M., Odone, A., Olivieri, M., Pasi, E., Petri, F., Pinchera, B., Pivato, C. A., Pizzi, R., Poletti, V., Raffaelli, Francesca, Ravaglia, C., Righetti, G., Rognoni, A., Rossato, M., Rossi, M., Sabena, A., Salinaro, F., Sangiovanni, V., Sanrocco, C., Scarafino, A., Scorzolini, L., Sgariglia, R., Simeone, P. G., Spinoni, E., Torti, C., Trecarichi, Enrico Maria, Vezzani, F., Veronesi, G., Vettor, R., Vianello, A., Vinceti, M., De Caterina, R., Iacoviello, L., Bruno R., Cauda R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Cingolani A. (ORCID:0000-0002-3793-2755), de Gaetano Donati K., Fantoni M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6913-8460), Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Murri R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Raffaelli F., and Trecarichi E. M.

Abstract

Background and aims: There is poor knowledge on characteristics, comorbidities and laboratory measures associated with risk for adverse outcomes and in-hospital mortality in European Countries. We aimed at identifying baseline characteristics predisposing COVID-19 patients to in-hospital death. Methods and results: Retrospective observational study on 3894 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized from February 19th to May 23rd, 2020 and recruited in 30 clinical centres distributed throughout Italy. Machine learning (random forest)-based and Cox survival analysis. 61.7% of participants were men (median age 67 years), followed up for a median of 13 days. In-hospital mortality exhibited a geographical gradient, Northern Italian regions featuring more than twofold higher death rates as compared to Central/Southern areas (15.6% vs 6.4%, respectively). Machine learning analysis revealed that the most important features in death classification were impaired renal function, elevated C reactive protein and advanced age. These findings were confirmed by multivariable Cox survival analysis (hazard ratio (HR): 8.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–14.7 for age ≥85 vs 18–44 y); HR = 4.7; 2.9–7.7 for estimated glomerular filtration rate levels <15 vs ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2; HR = 2.3; 1.5–3.6 for C-reactive protein levels ≥10 vs ≤ 3 mg/L). No relation was found with obesity, tobacco use, cardiovascular disease and related-comorbidities. The associations between these variables and mortality were substantially homogenous across all sub-groups analyses. Conclusions: Impaired renal function, elevated C-reactive protein and advanced age were major predictors of in-hospital death in a large cohort of unselected patients with COVID-19, admitted to 30 different clinical centres all over Italy.

Published
2020

11. The nobori clinicla experience

Author

Danzi, G. B., Sozzi, F. B., Campanile, A., Pomidossi, G., Piccolo, R., and Piscione, Federico

Published
2012

12. Outcomes in patients with acute and stable coronary syndromes; insights from the prospective NOBORI-2 study

Author

Fath-Ordoubadi, F. A, Spaepen, E. B, El-Omar, M. A, Fraser, D. G. A, Khan, M. A. A, Neyses, Ludwig, Danzi, G. B. C, Roguin, A. D, Paunovic, D. E, Mamas, M. A. A F, Fath-Ordoubadi, F. A, Spaepen, E. B, El-Omar, M. A, Fraser, D. G. A, Khan, M. A. A, Neyses, Ludwig, Danzi, G. B. C, Roguin, A. D, Paunovic, D. E, and Mamas, M. A. A F

Abstract

Background: Contemporary data remains limited regarding mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) outcomes in patients undergoing PCI for different manifestations of coronary artery disease. Objectives: We evaluated mortality and MACE outcomes in patients treated with PCI for STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction), NSTEMI (non ST-elevation myocardial infarction) and stable angina through analysis of data derived from the Nobori-2 study. Methods: Clinical endpoints were cardiac mortality and MACE (a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization). Results: 1909 patients who underwent PCI were studied; 1332 with stable angina, 248 with STEMI and 329 with NSTEMI. Age-adjusted Charlson co-morbidity index was greatest in the NSTEMI cohort (3.78±1.91) and lowest in the stable angina cohort (3.00±1.69); P<0.0001. Following Cox multivariate analysis cardiac mortality was independently worse in the NSTEMI vs the stable angina cohort (HR 2.31 (1.10-4.87), p = 0.028) but not significantly different for STEMI vs stable angina cohort (HR 0.72 (0.16-3.19), p = 0.67). Similar observations were recorded for MACE (<180 days) (NSTEMI vs stable angina: HR 2.34 (1.21-4.55), p = 0.012; STEMI vs stable angina: HR 2.19 (0.97-4.98), p = 0.061. Conclusions: The longer-term Cardiac mortality and MACE were significantly worse for patients following PCI for NSTEMI even after adjustment of clinical demographics and Charlson co-morbidity index whilst the longer-term prognosis of patients following PCI STEMI was favorable, with similar outcomes as those patients with stable angina following PCI. © 2014 Fath-Ordoubadi et al.

Published
2014

22. Tirofiban as adjunctive therapy for acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomized trials

Author

Valgimigli, M., primary, Biondi-Zoccai, G., additional, Tebaldi, M., additional, van 't Hof, A. W.J., additional, Campo, G., additional, Hamm, C., additional, ten Berg, J., additional, Bolognese, L., additional, Saia, F., additional, Danzi, G. B., additional, Briguori, C., additional, Okmen, E., additional, King, S. B., additional, Moliterno, D. J., additional, and Topol, E. J., additional

Published
2009
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29. Using new technologies in coronary interventional cardiology: Results of the first SICI-GISE inter-regional survey in four regions of Northern Italy ('GISE TOLOVE' area: Tuscany, Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna),Utilizzo di nuove tecnologie in cardiologia interventistica coronarica: Risultati della prima survey inter-regionale SICI-GISE in quattro Regioni del Nord Italia (area 'GISE TOLOVE': Toscana, Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna)

Author

Mojoli, M., Musumeci, G., Tarantini, G., ugo limbruno, Tarantino, F., Lettieri, C., Napodano, M., Fineschi, M., Menozzi, A., Pavei, A., Parodi, G., Santarelli, A., Trabattoni, D., Marchese, A., Piccaluga, E., Danzi, G. B., Varbella, F., Bedogni, F., Sardella, G., and Berti, S.

33. Primary PCI for the treatment of ectatic infarct-related coronary artery

Author

Campanile, A., Sozzi, F. B., Consonni, D., Piscione, F., Sganzerla, P., Indolfi, C., Stabile, A., Migliorini, A., Antoniucci, D., Ferraresi, R., giacomo boccuzzi, and Danzi, G. B.

Subjects
Male, Databases, Factual, Myocardial Infarction, Thrombosis, Coronary Artery Disease, Middle Aged, Coronary Vessels, Severity of Illness Index, Hospitalization, Treatment Outcome, Recurrence, Humans, Female, Stents, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

There is lack of information on the outcome of patients treated with primary angioplasty for lesions located in an ectatic coronary artery segment in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to analyse the 2-year follow-up of this specific patient population.By means of a systematic review of the databases and cine-films of 5912 primary angioplasties performed in eight Italian cardiac centers we identified 101 patients with infarct-related coronary artery ectasia. Ectasia was defined as a dilatation exceeding the 1.5-fold of normal adjacent segment and was classified according to its severity. The primary end point was the composite rate of cardiac death, recurrence of acute myocardial infarction and a new revascularisation at 2-year.The procedure was successful in 70.3% of cases, unsuccessful or complicated in 29.7%. The primary endpoint was met in 6.9% of cases during hospitalization (95% CI: 2.0-11.8), in 17.8% (95% CI: 10.3-25.3) at 1 year, and in 38.5% (95% CI: 29.0-48.0) at 2 years. Nine patients had a stent thrombosis: 3 acute and 6 sub-acute. A statistically significant correlation between the dimensions of the stent and stent thrombosis was observed (P=0.005).In subjects undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction the rate of patients treated on lesions located in an ectatic coronary artery segment is very small (1.7%). The procedural success was low, whereas the rate of events at follow-up was quit high reflecting the complexity of this disease.

36. QT Interval, Total Calcium Blood Levels, and SIDS.

Author

AUSTONI, P., primary, MISSAGLIA, R., additional, INNOCENTI, M. V., additional, DANZI, G. B., additional, CONSOLE, V., additional, MONTEMERLO, M., additional, SEGANTINI, A., additional, VARISCO, T., additional, and SCHWARTZ, P. J., additional

Published
1988
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37. Stent implantation without predilation in patients with a single, noncalcified coronary artery lesion.

Author

Danzi, Gian Battista, Capuano, Cinzia, Danzi, G B, Capuano, C, Fiocca, L, Dallavalle, F, Pirelli, S, Mauri, L, and Quaini, E

Subjects
*SURGICAL stents, *CORONARY heart disease treatment, *MYOCARDIAL revascularization
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of stent implantation without predilation in patients with a single, noncalcified coronary artery lesion. A total of 122 patients were randomized to receive a stent with or without predilation; direct stent placement was possible in 59 of the 61 patients (97%) with an immediate and long-term clinical follow-up similar to that observed in the group of patients treated conventionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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38. Sex-related differences in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Results of the Cardio-COVID-Italy multicentre study

Author

Carlo Mario Lombardi, Claudia Specchia, Fabio Conforti, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Valentina Carubelli, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Stefano Carugo, Gian Battista Danzi, Marco Guazzi, Andrea Mortara, Massimo Piepoli, Italo Porto, Gianfranco Sinagra, Maurizio Volterrani, Pietro Ameri, Massimiliano Gnecchi, Sergio Leonardi, Marco Merlo, Annamaria Iorio, Antonio Bellasi, Claudia Canale, Rita Camporotondo, Francesco Catagnano, Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia, Mattia Di Pasquale, Stefano Giovinazzo, Gloria Maccagni, Massimo Mapelli, Davide Margonato, Luca Monzo, Vincenzo Nuzzi, Chiara Oriecuia, Laura Pala, Giulia Peveri, Andrea Pozzi, Giovanni Provenzale, Filippo Sarullo, Marianna Adamo, Daniela Tomasoni, Riccardo Maria Inciardi, Michele Senni, Marco Metra, Lombardi, C, Specchia, C, Conforti, F, Rovere, M, Carubelli, V, Agostoni, P, Carugo, S, Danzi, G, Guazzi, M, Mortara, A, Piepoli, M, Porto, I, Sinagra, G, Volterrani, M, Ameri, P, Gnecchi, M, Leonardi, S, Merlo, M, Iorio, A, Bellasi, A, Canale, C, Camporotondo, R, Catagnano, F, Dalla Vecchia, L, Di Pasquale, M, Giovinazzo, S, Maccagni, G, Mapelli, M, Margonato, D, Monzo, L, Nuzzi, V, Oriecuia, C, Pala, L, Peveri, G, Pozzi, A, Provenzale, G, Sarullo, F, Adamo, M, Tomasoni, D, Inciardi, R, Senni, M, Metra, M, Lombardi, C. M., Specchia, C., Conforti, F., Rovere, M. T., Carubelli, V., Agostoni, P., Carugo, S., Danzi, G. B., Guazzi, M., Mortara, A., Piepoli, M., Porto, I., Sinagra, G., Volterrani, M., Ameri, P., Gnecchi, M., Leonardi, S., Merlo, M., Iorio, A., Bellasi, A., Canale, C., Camporotondo, R., Catagnano, F., Dalla Vecchia, L. A., Di Pasquale, M., Giovinazzo, S., Maccagni, G., Mapelli, M., Margonato, D., Monzo, L., Nuzzi, V., Oriecuia, C., Pala, L., Peveri, G., Pozzi, A., Provenzale, G., Sarullo, F., Adamo, M., Tomasoni, D., Inciardi, R. M., Senni, M., and Metra, M.

Subjects
Male, sex differences, coronavirus study, inflammation, outcome, SARS-CoV-2, Risk Factor, sex difference, COVID-19, General Medicine, Comorbidity, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studie, Humans, Female, Hospital Mortality, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Retrospective Studies, Human
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The role of sex compared to comorbidities and other prognostic variables in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unclear. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study on patients with COVID-19 infection, referred to 13 cardiology units. The primary objective was to assess the difference in risk of death between the sexes. The secondary objective was to explore sex-based heterogeneity in the association between demographic, clinical and laboratory variables, and patients' risk of death. RESULTS: Seven hundred and one patients were included: 214 (30.5%) women and 487 (69.5%) men. During a median follow-up of 15 days, deaths occurred in 39 (18.2%) women and 126 (25.9%) men. In a multivariable Cox regression model, men had a nonsignificantly higher risk of death vs. women (P = 0.07).The risk of death was more than double in men with a low lymphocytes count as compared with men with a high lymphocytes count [overall survival hazard ratio (OS-HR) 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72-3.81]. In contrast, lymphocytes count was not related to death in women (P = 0.03).Platelets count was associated with better outcome in men (OS-HR for increase of 50 × 103 units: 0.88 95% CI 0.78-1.00) but not in women. The strength of association between higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio and lower risk of death was larger in women (OS-HR for increase of 50 mmHg/%: 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.89) vs. men (OS-HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.98; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients' sex is a relevant variable that should be taken into account when evaluating risk of death from COVID-19. There is a sex-based heterogeneity in the association between baseline variables and patients' risk of death.

Published
2022

39. Heparin in COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced in-hospital mortality: the multicentre Italian CORIST Study

Author

Walter Ageno, Raffaele Pesavento, Marinella Astuto, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Francesca Santilli, Filippo Aucella, Eleonora Taddei, Marianna Meschiari, Laura Scorzolini, Biagio Pinchera, Giustino Parruti, Licia Iacoviello, Andrea Vianello, Gabriella Guarnieri, Arturo Montineri, Crizia Colombo, Carlo Signorelli, Lorenzo Blandi, Raffaele De Caterina, Maria Musso, Francesco Petri, Stefano Maitan, Anna Odone, Lucia Caiano, Francesca Crosta, Lorenzo Marra, Giuseppe Patti, Emanuela Pasi, Jovana Milic, Marco Olivieri, Claudia Colomba, Francesco Maria Fusco, Claudia Ravaglia, Alexandra Virano, Carlo Torti, Samir Al Moghazi, Venerino Poletti, Riccardo Maragna, Carlo Sanrocco, Sandro Mancarella, Greta Barbieri, Arturo Ciccullo, Leonardo Grisafi, Paola Simeone, Lorenzo Menicanti, Antonella Palimodde, Gloria Maccagni, Alessandra Vergori, Daniela Niola, Marco G. Mennuni, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Claudia Marotta, Damiano D'Ardes, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Paolo Bonfanti, Giovanni Larizza, Francesco Di Gennaro, Alessandro Mengozzi, Massimo Mapelli, Giuseppe Di Tano, Laura Carrozzi, Antonella Agodi, Francesco Menichetti, Marialaura Bonaccio, Andrea Antinori, Marco Vinceti, Armando Leone, Franco Mastroianni, Silvia Marongiu, Filippo Minutolo, Giulio Maresca, Beatrice Molena, Nausicaa Berselli, Francesco Cipollone, Massimo Fantoni, Antonella Cingolani, Giovanni Guaraldi, Raffaella Sgariglia, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Antonio Cascio, Maria Mazzitelli, Roberta Parisi, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Gian Battista Danzi, Luca Aiello, Roberto Vettor, Elvira Grandone, Laura Vocciante, Emauele Graziani, Cristina Mussini, Marianna Rossi, Marco Rossato, Roberto Cauda, Rosa Arboretti, Alessandro Bartoloni, Simona Costanzo, Francesco Gianfagna, Andrea Rognoni, Ferruccio Madaro, Rossella Marcucci, Pasquale Abete, Francesco Cacciatore, Ivan Gentile, Di Castelnuovo, A, Costanzo, S, Antinori, A, Berselli, N, Blandi, L, Bonaccio, M, Cauda, R, Guaraldi, G, Menicanti, L, Mennuni, M, Parruti, G, Patti, G, Santilli, F, Signorelli, C, Vergori, A, Abete, P, Ageno, W, Agodi, A, Agostoni, P, Aiello, L, Al Moghazi, S, Arboretti, R, Astuto, M, Aucella, F, Barbieri, G, Bartoloni, A, Bonfanti, P, Cacciatore, F, Caiano, L, Carrozzi, L, Cascio, A, Ciccullo, A, Cingolani, A, Cipollone, F, Colomba, C, Colombo, C, Crosta, F, Danzi, G, D'Ardes, D, de Gaetano Donati, K, Di Gennaro, F, Di Tano, G, D'Offizi, G, Fantoni, M, Fusco, F, Gentile, I, Gianfagna, F, Grandone, E, Graziani, E, Grisafi, L, Guarnieri, G, Larizza, G, Leone, A, Maccagni, G, Madaro, F, Maitan, S, Mancarella, S, Mapelli, M, Maragna, R, Marcucci, R, Maresca, G, Marongiu, S, Marotta, C, Marra, L, Mastroianni, F, Mazzitelli, M, Mengozzi, A, Menichetti, F, Meschiari, M, Milic, J, Minutolo, F, Molena, B, Montineri, A, Mussini, C, Musso, M, Niola, D, Odone, A, Olivieri, M, Palimodde, A, Parisi, R, Pasi, E, Pesavento, R, Petri, F, Pinchera, B, Poletti, V, Ravaglia, C, Rognoni, A, Rossato, M, Rossi, M, Sangiovanni, V, Sanrocco, C, Scorzolini, L, Sgariglia, R, Simeone, P, Taddei, E, Torti, C, Vettor, R, Vianello, A, Vinceti, M, Virano, A, Vocciante, L, De Caterina, R, Iacoviello, L, Danzi, G. B, De Gaetano Donati, K, Fusco, F. M, Simeone, P. G, Iacoviello, L., Di Castelnuovo, Augusto, Costanzo, Simona, Antinori, Andrea, Berselli, Nausicaa, Blandi, Lorenzo, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Cauda, Roberto, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Menicanti, Lorenzo, Mennuni, Marco, Parruti, Giustino, Patti, Giuseppe, Santilli, Francesca, Signorelli, Carlo, Vergori, Alessandra, Abete, Pasquale, Ageno, Walter, Agodi, Antonella, Agostoni, Piergiuseppe, Aiello, Luca, Al Moghazi, Samir, Arboretti, Rosa, Astuto, Marinella, Aucella, Filippo, Barbieri, Greta, Bartoloni, Alessandro, Bonfanti, Paolo, Cacciatore, Francesco, Caiano, Lucia, Carrozzi, Laura, Cascio, Antonio, Ciccullo, Arturo, Cingolani, Antonella, Cipollone, Francesco, Colomba, Claudia, Colombo, Crizia, Crosta, Francesca, Danzi, Gian Battista, D'Ardes, Damiano, de Gaetano Donati, Katleen, Di Gennaro, Francesco, Di Tano, Giuseppe, D'Offizi, Gianpiero, Fantoni, Massimo, Fusco, Francesco Maria, Gentile, Ivan, Gianfagna, Francesco, Grandone, Elvira, Graziani, Emauele, Grisafi, Leonardo, Guarnieri, Gabriella, Larizza, Giovanni, Leone, Armando, Maccagni, Gloria, Madaro, Ferruccio, Maitan, Stefano, Mancarella, Sandro, Mapelli, Massimo, Maragna, Riccardo, Marcucci, Rossella, Maresca, Giulio, Marongiu, Silvia, Marotta, Claudia, Marra, Lorenzo, Mastroianni, Franco, Mazzitelli, Maria, Mengozzi, Alessandro, Menichetti, Francesco, Meschiari, Marianna, Milic, Jovana, Minutolo, Filippo, Molena, Beatrice, Montineri, Arturo, Mussini, Cristina, Musso, Maria, Niola, Daniela, Odone, Anna, Olivieri, Marco, Palimodde, Antonella, Parisi, Roberta, Pasi, Emanuela, Pesavento, Raffaele, Petri, Francesco, Pinchera, Biagio, Poletti, Venerino, Ravaglia, Claudia, Rognoni, Andrea, Rossato, Marco, Rossi, Marianna, Sangiovanni, Vincenzo, Sanrocco, Carlo, Scorzolini, Laura, Sgariglia, Raffaella, Simeone, Paola Giustina, Taddei, Eleonora, Torti, Carlo, Vettor, Roberto, Vianello, Andrea, Vinceti, Marco, Virano, Alexandra, Vocciante, Laura, De Caterina, Raffaele, Iacoviello, Licia, Di Castelnuovo A., Costanzo S., Antinori A., Berselli N., Blandi L., Bonaccio M., Cauda R., Guaraldi G., Menicanti L., Mennuni M., Parruti G., Patti G., Santilli F., Signorelli C., Vergori A., Abete P., Ageno W., Agodi A., Agostoni P., Aiello L., Al Moghazi S., Arboretti R., Astuto M., Aucella F., Barbieri G., Bartoloni A., Bonfanti P., Cacciatore F., Caiano L., Carrozzi L., Cascio A., Ciccullo A., Cingolani A., Cipollone F., Colomba C., Colombo C., Crosta F., Danzi G.B., D'Ardes D., De Gaetano Donati K., Di Gennaro F., Di Tano G., D'Offizi G., Fantoni M., Fusco F.M., Gentile I., Gianfagna F., Grandone E., Graziani E., Grisafi L., Guarnieri G., Larizza G., Leone A., MacCagni G., Madaro F., Maitan S., Mancarella S., Mapelli M., Maragna R., Marcucci R., Maresca G., Marongiu S., Marotta C., Marra L., Mastroianni F., Mazzitelli M., Mengozzi A., Menichetti F., Meschiari M., Milic J., Minutolo F., Molena B., Montineri A., Mussini C., Musso M., Niola D., Odone A., Olivieri M., Palimodde A., Parisi R., Pasi E., Pesavento R., Petri F., Pinchera B., Poletti V., Ravaglia C., Rognoni A., Rossato M., Rossi M., Sangiovanni V., Sanrocco C., Scorzolini L., Sgariglia R., Simeone P.G., Taddei E., Torti C., Vettor R., Vianello A., Vinceti M., Virano A., Vocciante L., De Caterina R., and Iacoviello L.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, coronavirus, heparin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lower risk, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Clinical endpoint, medicine, Humans, Thrombophilia, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Blood Coagulation, Survival analysis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, treatment, business.industry, Heparin, Mortality rate, COVID-19,mortality, Low-Molecular-Weight, Anticoagulants, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Hematology, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight, Middle Aged, mortality, Survival Analysis, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, coagulation activation, coronaviru, Italy, treatments, Propensity score matching, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Introduction A hypercoagulable condition was described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and proposed as a possible pathogenic mechanism contributing to disease progression and lethality. Aim We evaluated if in-hospital administration of heparin improved survival in a large cohort of Italian COVID-19 patients. Methods In a retrospective observational study, 2,574 unselected patients hospitalized in 30 clinical centers in Italy from February 19, 2020 to June 5, 2020 with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection were analyzed. The primary endpoint in a time-to event analysis was in-hospital death, comparing patients who received heparin (low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH] or unfractionated heparin [UFH]) with patients who did not. We used multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models with inverse probability for treatment weighting by propensity scores. Results Out of 2,574 COVID-19 patients, 70.1% received heparin. LMWH was largely the most used formulation (99.5%). Death rates for patients receiving heparin or not were 7.4 and 14.0 per 1,000 person-days, respectively. After adjustment for propensity scores, we found a 40% lower risk of death in patients receiving heparin (hazard ratio = 0.60; 95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.74; E-value = 2.04). This association was particularly evident in patients with a higher severity of disease or strong coagulation activation. Conclusion In-hospital heparin treatment was associated with a lower mortality, particularly in severely ill COVID-19 patients and in those with strong coagulation activation. The results from randomized clinical trials are eagerly awaited to provide clear-cut recommendations.

Published
2021

40. The prognostic value of serial troponin measurements in patients admitted for COVID-19

Author

Giulia Peveri, Stefano Carugo, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Michele Senni, Annamaria Iorio, Andrea Pozzi, Stefano Giovinazzo, Davide Margonato, Massimiliano Gnecchi, Gianfranco Sinagra, Massimo F Piepoli, Claudia Canale, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Marco Metra, Antonio Bellasi, Vincenzo Nuzzi, Gloria Maccagni, Sergio Leonardi, Francesco Catagnano, Maurizio Volterrani, Marco Guazzi, Valentina Carubelli, Massimo Mapelli, Claudia Specchia, Giovanni Provenzale, Chiara Oriecuia, Andrea Mortara, Carlo Lombardi, Filippo M. Sarullo, Rita Camporotondo, Daniela Tomasoni, Riccardo M. Inciardi, Gian Battista Danzi, Italo Porto, Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia, Pietro Ameri, Luca Monzo, Marco Merlo, Nuzzi, V, Merlo, M, Specchia, C, Lombardi, C, Carubelli, V, Iorio, A, Inciardi, R, Bellasi, A, Canale, C, Camporotondo, R, Catagnano, F, Dalla Vecchia, L, Giovinazzo, S, Maccagni, G, Mapelli, M, Margonato, D, Monzo, L, Oriecuia, C, Peveri, G, Pozzi, A, Provenzale, G, Sarullo, F, Tomasoni, D, Ameri, P, Gnecchi, M, Leonardi, S, Agostoni, P, Carugo, S, Danzi, G, Guazzi, M, La Rovere, M, Mortara, A, Piepoli, M, Porto, I, Volterrani, M, Senni, M, Metra, M, Sinagra, G, Nuzzi, V., Merlo, M., Specchia, C., Lombardi, C. M., Carubelli, V., Iorio, A., Inciardi, R. M., Bellasi, A., Canale, C., Camporotondo, R., Catagnano, F., Dalla Vecchia, L. A., Giovinazzo, S., Maccagni, G., Mapelli, M., Margonato, D., Monzo, L., Oriecuia, C., Peveri, G., Pozzi, A., Provenzale, G., Sarullo, F., Tomasoni, D., Ameri, P., Gnecchi, M., Leonardi, S., Agostoni, P., Carugo, S., Danzi, G. B., Guazzi, M., La Rovere, M. T., Mortara, A., Piepoli, M., Porto, I., Volterrani, M., Senni, M., Metra, M., and Sinagra, G.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Troponin trajectories, COVID-19, COVID-19 outcome, myocardial injury, troponin trajectories, COVID‐19, Original Research Articles, Internal medicine, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Humans, In patient, Original Research Article, Hospital Mortality, biology, business.industry, Hazard ratio, COVID‐19 outcome, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Troponin, Confidence interval, Hospitalization, Myocardial injury, Italy, Heart failure, RC666-701, biology.protein, Cardiology, Population study, Risk of death, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Troponin trajectorie
Abstract

Aims Myocardial injury (MI) in coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is quite prevalent at admission and affects prognosis. Little is known about troponin trajectories and their prognostic role. We aimed to describe the early in‐hospital evolution of MI and its prognostic impact. Methods and results We performed an analysis from an Italian multicentre study enrolling COVID‐19 patients, hospitalized from 1 March to 9 April 2020. MI was defined as increased troponin level. The first troponin was tested within 24 h from admission, the second one between 24 and 48 h. Elevated troponin was defined as values above the 99th percentile of normal values. Patients were divided in four groups: normal, normal then elevated, elevated then normal, and elevated. The outcome was in‐hospital death. The study population included 197 patients; 41% had normal troponin at both evaluations, 44% had elevated troponin at both assessments, 8% had normal then elevated troponin, and 7% had elevated then normal troponin. During hospitalization, 49 (25%) patients died. Patients with incident MI, with persistent MI, and with MI only at admission had a higher risk of death compared with those with normal troponin at both evaluations (P

Published
2021

41. Coronary and total thoracic calcium scores predict mortality and provides pathophysiologic insights in COVID-19 patients

Author

Giovanni Landoni, Andrea Biagi, Nicola Sverzellati, Roberto Ferrari, Fabio Anastasio, Gianluigi Patelli, Claudia Costa, Piergiorgio Turchio, Arif A. Khokhar, Alessandra Scoccia, Pietro Andrea Bonaffini, Cristiano Spreafico, Camillo Talei Franzesi, Gianni Casella, Edda Boccia, Antonio Esposito, Marco Toselli, Aldo P. Maggioni, Elisabetta Mancini, Chiara Gnasso, Luigi Vignali, Alessandro Sticchi, Elisa Scarnecchia, Antonio Colombo, Giacomo Bellani, Gianluca Pontone, Alberto Cereda, Caterina Chiara De Carlini, Marco Manfrini, Francesco Ponticelli, Stefano Maggiolini, Anna Palmisano, Claudio Rapezzi, Marco Loffi, Alberto Pacielli, Francesca Besana, Michele Senni, Lucio Baffoni, Sandro Sironi, Evgeny Fominskiy, Gianmarco Iannopollo, Francesco De Cobelli, Daniele Andreini, Giorgio Benatti, Paolo Giacomo Vaudano, Francesco Giannini, Gian Battista Danzi, Chiara Micossi, Alberto Monello, Tommaso Nannini, Massimiliano Sperandio, Carlo Tacchetti, Mario Iannaccone, Davide Vignale, Attilio Iacovoni, Riccardo Leone, Davide Ippolito, Gianluca Campo, Francesco Paolo Lombardo, Elisabetta Cesini, Valeria Nicoletti, Margherita Muri, Iljia Gardi, Giannini, F., Toselli, M., Palmisano, A., Cereda, A., Vignale, D., Leone, R., Nicoletti, V., Gnasso, C., Monello, A., Manfrini, M., Khokhar, A., Sticchi, A., Biagi, A., Turchio, P., Tacchetti, C., Landoni, G., Boccia, E., Campo, G., Scoccia, A., Ponticelli, F., Danzi, G. B., Loffi, M., Muri, M., Pontone, G., Andreini, D., Mancini, E. M., Casella, G., Iannopollo, G., Nannini, T., Ippolito, D., Bellani, G., Franzesi, C. T., Patelli, G., Besana, F., Costa, C., Vignali, L., Benatti, G., Sverzellati, N., Scarnecchia, E., Lombardo, F. P., Anastasio, F., Iannaccone, M., Vaudano, P. G., Pacielli, A., Baffoni, L., Gardi, I., Cesini, E., Sperandio, M., Micossi, C., De Carlini, C. C., Spreafico, C., Maggiolini, S., Bonaffini, P. A., Iacovoni, A., Sironi, S., Senni, M., Fominskiy, E., De Cobelli, F., Maggioni, A. P., Rapezzi, C., Ferrari, R., Colombo, A., Esposito, A., Giannini, F, Toselli, M, Palmisano, A, Cereda, A, Vignale, D, Leone, R, Nicoletti, V, Gnasso, C, Monello, A, Manfrini, M, Khokhar, A, Sticchi, A, Biagi, A, Turchio, P, Tacchetti, C, Landoni, G, Boccia, E, Campo, G, Scoccia, A, Ponticelli, F, Danzi, G, Loffi, M, Muri, M, Pontone, G, Andreini, D, Mancini, E, Casella, G, Iannopollo, G, Nannini, T, Ippolito, D, Bellani, G, Franzesi, C, Patelli, G, Besana, F, Costa, C, Vignali, L, Benatti, G, Sverzellati, N, Scarnecchia, E, Lombardo, F, Anastasio, F, Iannaccone, M, Vaudano, P, Pacielli, A, Baffoni, L, Gardi, I, Cesini, E, Sperandio, M, Micossi, C, De Carlini, C, Spreafico, C, Maggiolini, S, Bonaffini, P, Iacovoni, A, Sironi, S, Senni, M, Fominskiy, E, De Cobelli, F, Maggioni, A, Rapezzi, C, Ferrari, R, Colombo, A, and Esposito, A

Subjects
Aortic valve, Male, Computed Tomography Angiography, Aorta, Thoracic, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Thoracic aorta, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Coronary Vessels, Pathophysiology, Calcium score, In-hospital mortality, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Aortic Valve, Cardiology, Aortic valve, Calcification, Calcium score, Coronary artery, COVID-19, Thoracic aorta, In-hospital mortality, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Artery, Research Paper, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, Aortic Diseases, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Coronary artery, NO, Calcification, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Vascular Calcification, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, chemistry, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide determining dramatic impacts on healthcare systems. Early identification of high-risk parameters is required in order to provide the best therapeutic approach. Coronary, thoracic aorta and aortic valve calcium can be measured from a non-gated chest computer tomography (CT) and are validated predictors of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, their prognostic role in acute systemic inflammatory diseases, such as COVID-19, has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the association of coronary artery calcium and total thoracic calcium on in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: 1093 consecutive patients from 16 Italian hospitals with a positive swab for COVID-19 and an admission chest CT for pneumonia severity assessment were included. At CT, coronary, aortic valve and thoracic aorta calcium were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated separately and combined together (total thoracic calcium) by a central Core-lab blinded to patients' outcomes. RESULTS: Non-survivors compared to survivors had higher coronary artery [Agatston (467.76 ​± ​570.92 vs 206.80 ​± ​424.13 ​mm2, p ​

Published
2021

42. Disentangling the Association of Hydroxychloroquine Treatment with Mortality in Covid-19 Hospitalized Patients through Hierarchical Clustering

Author

Anna Sabena, Gabriele Giuliano, Raffaele Bruno, Francesco Cacciatore, Carlo Torti, Silvia Marongiu, Gloria Maccagni, Claudia Marotta, Giovanni Larizza, Francesco Petri, Massimo Mapelli, Giulio Maresca, Giulia Righetti, Alessandra Vergori, Ilaria Rossi, Damiano D'Ardes, Nicola Schiano Moriello, Ivan Gentile, Enrica Tamburrini, Luca Aiello, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Antonio Cascio, Jovana Milic, Carlo Andrea Pivato, Agostino Virdis, Stefano Maitan, Francesco Cannata, Simona Costanzo, Carlo Signorelli, Franco Mastroianni, Federica Magni, Crizia Colombo, Giulio G. Stefanini, Lucia Caiano, Francesca Crosta, Lorenzo Marra, Giuseppe Patti, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Valerio Langella, Annalisa Crisetti, Filippo Aucella, Antonella Cingolani, Francesco Salinaro, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Giacomo Castiglione, Alessandro Gialluisi, Anna Odone, Cristina Mussini, Samir Al Moghazi, Lorenzo Blandi, Maria Musso, Marialaura Bonaccio, Raffaele De Caterina, Marco Olivieri, Roberto Cauda, Emanuela Pasi, Arturo Ciccullo, Stefano Perlini, Claudia Colomba, Antonella Palimodde, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Marco G. Mennuni, Walter Ageno, Raffaele Pesavento, Rosa Manuele, Roberta Mussinelli, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Paolo Bonfanti, Andrea Antinori, Francesco Gianfagna, Andrea Rognoni, Laura Scorzolini, Riccardo Maragna, Rossella Marcucci, Filippo Minutolo, Armando Leone, Giustino Parruti, Licia Iacoviello, Lorenzo Menicanti, Sandro Mancarella, Rosa Arboretti, Greta Barbieri, Carlo Gaudiosi, Marco Rossato, Claudia Ravaglia, Andrea Vianello, Marianna Rossi, Emauele Graziani, Martina Barchitta, Giovanni Guaraldi, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Gian Battista Danzi, Francesco Cipollone, Carlo Sanrocco, Marco Vinceti, Francesca Santilli, Marianna Meschiari, Gabriella Guarnieri, Antonella Agodi, Roberto Vettor, Raffaella Sgariglia, Ilaria My, Francesco Di Gennaro, Alessandro Mengozzi, Giuseppe Di Tano, Laura Carrozzi, Michele Spinicci, Venerino Poletti, Paola Simeone, Nausicaa Berselli, Francesco Maria Fusco, Di Castelnuovo A., Gialluisi A., Antinori A., Berselli N., Blandi L., Bonaccio M., Bruno R., Cauda R., Costanzo S., Guaraldi G., Menicanti L., Mennuni M., My I., Parruti G., Patti G., Perlini S., Santilli F., Signorelli C., Stefanini G., Vergori A., Ageno W., Agodi A., Agostoni P., Aiello L., Moghazi S.A., Arboretti R., Aucella F., Barbieri G., Barchitta M., Bonfanti P., Cacciatore F., Caiano L., Cannata F., Carrozzi L., Cascio A., Castiglione G., Cicullo A., Cingolani A., Cipollone F., Colomba C., Colombo C., Crisetti A., Crosta F., Danzi G.B., D'Ardes D., de Gaetano Donati K., Di Gennaro F., Di Tano G., D'Offizi G., Fusco F.M., Gaudiosi C., Gentile I., Gianfagna F., Giuliano G., Graziani E., Guarnieri G., Langella V., Larizza G., Leone A., Maccagni G., Magni F., Maitan S., Mancarella S., Manuele R., Mapelli M., Maragna R., Marcucci R., Maresca G., Marongiu S., Marotta C., Marra L., Mastroianni F., Mengozzi A., Meschiari M., Milic J., Minutolo F., Mussinelli R., Mussini C., Musso M., Odone A., Olivieri M., Palimodde A., Pasi E., Pesavento R., Petri F., Pivato C.A., Poletti V., Ravaglia C., Righetti G., Rognoni A., Rossato M., Rossi I., Rossi M., Sabena A., Salinaro F., Sangiovanni V., Sanrocco C., Moriello N.S., Scorzolini L., Sgariglia R., Simeone P.G., Spinicci M., Tamburrini E., Torti C., Trecarichi E.M., Vettor R., Vianello A., Vinceti M., Virdis A., de Caterina R., Iacoviello L., Di Castelnuovo, A, Gialluisi, A, Antinori, A, Berselli, N, Blandi, L, Bonaccio, M, Bruno, R, Cauda, R, Costanzo, S, Guaraldi, G, Menicanti, L, Mennuni, M, My, I, Parruti, G, Patti, G, Perlini, S, Santilli, F, Signorelli, C, Stefanini, G, Vergori, A, Ageno, W, Agodi, A, Agostoni, P, Aiello, L, Al Moghazi, S, Arboretti, R, Aucella, F, Barbieri, G, Barchitta, M, Bonfanti, P, Cacciatore, F, Caiano, L, Cannata, F, Carrozzi, L, Cascio, A, Castiglione, G, Cicullo, A, Cingolani, A, Cipollone, F, Colomba, C, Colombo, C, Crisetti, A, Crosta, F, Danzi, G, D'Ardes, D, de Gaetano Donati, K, Di Gennaro, F, Di Tano, G, D'Offizi, G, Fusco, F, Gaudiosi, C, Gentile, I, Gianfagna1, F, Giuliano, G, Graziani, E, Guarnieri, G, Langella, V, Larizza, G, Leone, A, Maccagni, G, Magni, F, Maitan, S, Mancarella, S, Manuele, R, Mapelli, M, Maragna, R, Marcucci, R, Maresca, G, Marongiu, S, Marotta, C, Marra, L, Mastroianni, F, Mengozzi, A, Meschiari, M, Milic, J, Minutolo, F, Mussinelli, R, Mussini, C, Musso, M, Odone, A, Olivieri, M, Palimodde, A, Pasi, E, Pesavento, R, Petri, F, Pivato, C, Poletti, V, Ravaglia, C, Righetti, G, Rognoni, A, Rossato, M, Rossi, I, Rossi, M, Sabena, A, Salinaro, F, Sangiovanni, V, Sanrocco, C, Schiano Moriello, N, Scorzolini, L, Sgariglia, R, Simeone, P, Spinicci, M, Tamburrini, E, Torti, C, Trecarichi, E, Vettor, R, Vianello, A, Vinceti, M, Virdis, A, De Caterina, R, Iacoviello, L, Di Castelnuovo, A., Gialluisi, A., Antinori, A., Berselli, N., Blandi, L., Bonaccio, M., Bruno, R., Cauda, R., Costanzo, S., Guaraldi, G., Menicanti, L., Mennuni, M., My, I., Parruti, G., Patti, G., Perlini, S., Santilli, F., Signorelli, C., Stefanini, G., Vergori, A., Ageno, W., Agodi, A., Agostoni, P., Aiello, L., Moghazi, S. A., Arboretti, R., Aucella, F., Barbieri, G., Barchitta, M., Bonfanti, P., Cacciatore, F., Caiano, L., Cannata, F., Carrozzi, L., Cascio, A., Castiglione, G., Cicullo, A., Cingolani, A., Cipollone, F., Colomba, C., Colombo, C., Crisetti, A., Crosta, F., Danzi, G. B., D’Ardes, D., de Gaetano Donati, K., Di Gennaro, F., Di Tano, G., D’Offizi, G., Fusco, F. M., Gaudiosi, C., Gentile, I., Gianfagna, F., Giuliano, G., Graziani, E., Guarnieri, G., Langella, V., Larizza, G., Leone, A., Maccagni, G., Magni, F., Maitan, S., Mancarella, S., Manuele, R., Mapelli, M., Maragna, R., Marcucci, R., Maresca, G., Marongiu, S., Marotta, C., Marra, L., Mastroianni, F., Mengozzi, A., Meschiari, M., Milic, J., Minutolo, F., Mussinelli, R., Mussini, C., Musso, M., Odone, A., Olivieri, M., Palimodde, A., Pasi, E., Pesavento, R., Petri, F., Pivato, C. A., Poletti, V., Ravaglia, C., Righetti, G., Rognoni, A., Rossato, M., Rossi, I., Rossi, M., Sabena, A., Salinaro, F., Sangiovanni, V., Sanrocco, C., Moriello, N. S., Scorzolini, L., Sgariglia, R., Simeone, P. G., Spinicci, M., Tamburrini, E., Torti, C., Trecarichi, E. M., Vettor, R., Vianello, A., Vinceti, M., Virdis, A., de Caterina, R., and Iacoviello, L.

Subjects
Male, Medicine (General), Antimalarial, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, Hospital Mortality, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, 80 and over, Cluster Analysis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antimalarials, COVID-19, Female, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine, Italy, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Treatment Outcome, Biotechnology, medicine.drug, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, Biomedical Engineering, Renal function, Health Informatics, 03 medical and health sciences, R5-920, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Severity of illness, medicine, Medical technology, R855-855.5, Cluster Analysi, business.industry, Cancer, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Obesity, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Surgery, Observational study, business
Abstract

The efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection is harshly debated, with observational and experimental studies reporting contrasting results. To clarify the role of HCQ in Covid-19 patients, we carried out a retrospective observational study of 4,396 unselected patients hospitalized for Covid-19 in Italy (February–May 2020). Patients’ characteristics were collected at entry, including age, sex, obesity, smoking status, blood parameters, history of diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and chronic pulmonary diseases, and medications in use. These were used to identify subtypes of patients with similar characteristics through hierarchical clustering based on Gower distance. Using multivariable Cox regressions, these clusters were then tested for association with mortality and modification of effect by treatment with HCQ. We identified two clusters, one of 3,913 younger patients with lower circulating inflammation levels and better renal function, and one of 483 generally older and more comorbid subjects, more prevalently men and smokers. The latter group was at increased death risk adjusted by HCQ (HR[CI95%] = 3.80[3.08-4.67]), while HCQ showed an independent inverse association (0.51[0.43-0.61]), as well as a significant influence of cluster∗HCQ interaction ( p < 0.001 ). This was driven by a differential association of HCQ with mortality between the high (0.89[0.65-1.22]) and the low risk cluster (0.46[0.39-0.54]). These effects survived adjustments for additional medications in use and were concordant with associations with disease severity and outcome. These findings suggest a particularly beneficial effect of HCQ within low risk Covid-19 patients and may contribute to clarifying the current controversy on HCQ efficacy in Covid-19 treatment.

Published
2021
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43. Impact of clinical and subclinical coronary artery disease as assessed by coronary artery calcium in COVID-19

Author

Arif A. Khokhar, Alberto Pacielli, Francesco Ponticelli, Marco Toselli, Gianmarco Iannopollo, Alberto Monello, Davide Ippolito, Antonio Colombo, Alessandro Sticchi, Antonio Esposito, Anna Palmisano, Luigi Vignali, Gianluca Campo, Pietro Andrea Bonaffini, Valeria Nicoletti, Caterina Chiara De Carlini, Daniele Andreini, Claudia Costa, Riccardo Leone, Giorgio Benatti, Giacomo Bellani, Marco Loffi, Andrea Biagi, Carlo Tacchetti, Fabio Anastasio, Elisa Scarnecchia, Chiara Gnasso, Alessandra Scoccia, Stefano Maggiolini, Gian Battista Danzi, Roberto Ferrari, Francesca Besana, Gianluigi Patelli, Claudio Rapezzi, Mario Iannaccone, Davide Vignale, Michele Senni, Gianluca Pontone, Guglielmo Gallone, Francesco Giannini, Gianni Casella, Alberto Cereda, Paolo Giacomo Vaudano, Scoccia, A, Gallone, G, Cereda, A, Palmisano, A, Vignale, D, Leone, R, Nicoletti, V, Gnasso, C, Monello, A, Khokhar, A, Sticchi, A, Biagi, A, Tacchetti, C, Campo, G, Rapezzi, C, Ponticelli, F, Danzi, G, Loffi, M, Pontone, G, Andreini, D, Casella, G, Iannopollo, G, Ippolito, D, Bellani, G, Patelli, G, Besana, F, Costa, C, Vignali, L, Benatti, G, Iannaccone, M, Vaudano, P, Pacielli, A, De Carlini, C, Maggiolini, S, Bonaffini, P, Senni, M, Scarnecchia, E, Anastasio, F, Colombo, A, Ferrari, R, Esposito, A, Giannini, F, Toselli, M, Scoccia, A., Gallone, G., Cereda, A., Palmisano, A., Vignale, D., Leone, R., Nicoletti, V., Gnasso, C., Monello, A., Khokhar, A., Sticchi, A., Biagi, A., Tacchetti, C., Campo, G., Rapezzi, C., Ponticelli, F., Danzi, G. B., Loffi, M., Pontone, G., Andreini, D., Casella, G., Iannopollo, G., Ippolito, D., Bellani, G., Patelli, G., Besana, F., Costa, C., Vignali, L., Benatti, G., Iannaccone, M., Vaudano, P. G., Pacielli, A., De Carlini, C. C., Maggiolini, S., Bonaffini, P. A., Senni, M., Scarnecchia, E., Anastasio, F., Colombo, A., Ferrari, R., Esposito, A., Giannini, F., and Toselli, M.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, coronary artery calcifications, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary artery calcification, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, Agatston score, Coronary artery disease, Article, NO, COVID-19, Coronary artery disease, Atherosclerosis, Agatston score, Coronary artery calcifications, Calcium score, In-hospital mortality, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Coronary artery calcifications, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, Coronary atherosclerosis, Subclinical infection, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Hazard ratio, COVID-19, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Atherosclerosis, Coronary Vessels, Calcium score, In-hospital mortality, 030104 developmental biology, Atherosclerosi, Cardiology, Calcium, atherosclerosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background and aims The potential impact of coronary atherosclerosis, as detected by coronary artery calcium, on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients remains unsettled. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of clinical and subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD), as assessed by coronary artery calcium score (CAC), in a large, unselected population of hospitalized COVID-19 patients undergoing non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) for clinical practice. Methods SARS-CoV 2 positive patients from the multicenter (16 Italian hospitals), retrospective observational SCORE COVID-19 (calcium score for COVID-19 Risk Evaluation) registry were stratified in three groups: (a) “clinical CAD” (prior revascularization history), (b) “subclinical CAD” (CAC >0), (c) “No CAD” (CAC=0). Primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality and the secondary endpoint was a composite of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident (MI/CVA). Results Amongst 1625 patients (male 67.2%, median age 69 [interquartile range 58-77] years), 31%, 57.8% and 11.1% had no, subclinical and clinical CAD, respectively. Increasing rates of in-hospital mortality (11.3% vs. 27.3% vs. 39.8%, p400, respectively, p, Graphical abstract Image 1

Published
2021

44. Lopinavir/ritonavir and darunavir/cobicistat in hospitalized covid-19 patients: Findings from the multicenter italian corist study

Author

Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Simona Costanzo, Andrea Antinori, Nausicaa Berselli, Lorenzo Blandi, Marialaura Bonaccio, Raffaele Bruno, Roberto Cauda, Alessandro Gialluisi, Giovanni Guaraldi, Lorenzo Menicanti, Marco Mennuni, Ilaria My, Agostino Parruti, Giuseppe Patti, Stefano Perlini, Francesca Santilli, Carlo Signorelli, Giulio G. Stefanini, Alessandra Vergori, Walter Ageno, Luca Aiello, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Samir Al Moghazi, Rosa Arboretti, Filippo Aucella, Greta Barbieri, Martina Barchitta, Alessandro Bartoloni, Carolina Bologna, Paolo Bonfanti, Lucia Caiano, Laura Carrozzi, Antonio Cascio, Giacomo Castiglione, Mauro Chiarito, Arturo Ciccullo, Antonella Cingolani, Francesco Cipollone, Claudia Colomba, Crizia Colombo, Francesco Crosta, Giovanni Dalena, Chiara Dal Pra, Gian Battista Danzi, Damiano D'Ardes, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Francesco Di Gennaro, Giuseppe Di Tano, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Tommaso Filippini, Francesco Maria Fusco, Carlo Gaudiosi, Ivan Gentile, Giancarlo Gini, Elvira Grandone, Gabriella Guarnieri, Gennaro L. F. Lamanna, Giovanni Larizza, Armando Leone, Veronica Lio, Angela Raffaella Losito, Gloria Maccagni, Stefano Maitan, Sandro Mancarella, Rosa Manuele, Massimo Mapelli, Riccardo Maragna, Lorenzo Marra, Giulio Maresca, Claudia Marotta, Franco Mastroianni, Maria Mazzitelli, Alessandro Mengozzi, Francesco Menichetti, Jovana Milic, Filippo Minutolo, Beatrice Molena, R. Mussinelli, Cristina Mussini, Maria Musso, Anna Odone, Marco Olivieri, Emanuela Pasi, Annalisa Perroni, Francesco Petri, Biagio Pinchera, Carlo A. Pivato, Venerino Poletti, Claudia Ravaglia, Marco Rossato, Marianna Rossi, Anna Sabena, Francesco Salinaro, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Carlo Sanrocco, Laura Scorzolini, Raffaella Sgariglia, Paola Giustina Simeone, Michele Spinicci, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Giovanni Veronesi, Roberto Vettor, Andrea Vianello, Marco Vinceti, Elena Visconti, Laura Vocciante, Raffaele De Caterina, Licia Iacoviello, The COVID-19 RISK and Treatments (CORIST) Collaboration, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto, Costanzo, Simona, Antinori, Andrea, Berselli, Nausicaa, Blandi, Lorenzo, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bruno, Raffaele, Cauda, Roberto, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Menicanti, Lorenzo, Mennuni, Marco, My, Ilaria, Parruti, Agostino, Patti, Giuseppe, Perlini, Stefano, Santilli, Francesca, Signorelli, Carlo, Stefanini, Giulio G, Vergori, Alessandra, Ageno, Walter, Aiello, Luca, Agostoni, Piergiuseppe, Al Moghazi, Samir, Arboretti, Rosa, Aucella, Filippo, Barbieri, Greta, Barchitta, Martina, Bartoloni, Alessandro, Bologna, Carolina, Bonfanti, Paolo, Caiano, Lucia, Carrozzi, Laura, Cascio, Antonio, Castiglione, Giacomo, Chiarito, Mauro, Ciccullo, Arturo, Cingolani, Antonella, Cipollone, Francesco, Colomba, Claudia, Colombo, Crizia, Crosta, Francesco, Dalena, Giovanni, Dal Pra, Chiara, Danzi, Gian Battista, D'Ardes, Damiano, de Gaetano Donati, Katleen, Di Gennaro, Francesco, Di Tano, Giuseppe, D'Offizi, Gianpiero, Filippini, Tommaso, Maria Fusco, Francesco, Gaudiosi, Carlo, Gentile, Ivan, Gini, Giancarlo, Grandone, Elvira, Guarnieri, Gabriella, Lamanna, Gennaro L F, Larizza, Giovanni, Leone, Armando, Lio, Veronica, Losito, Angela Raffaella, Maccagni, Gloria, Maitan, Stefano, Mancarella, Sandro, Manuele, Rosa, Mapelli, Massimo, Maragna, Riccardo, Marra, Lorenzo, Maresca, Giulio, Marotta, Claudia, Mastroianni, Franco, Mazzitelli, Maria, Mengozzi, Alessandro, Menichetti, Francesco, Milic, Jovana, Minutolo, Filippo, Molena, Beatrice, Mussinelli, R, Mussini, Cristina, Musso, Maria, Odone, Anna, Olivieri, Marco, Pasi, Emanuela, Perroni, Annalisa, Petri, Francesco, Pinchera, Biagio, Pivato, Carlo A, Poletti, Venerino, Ravaglia, Claudia, Rossato, Marco, Rossi, Marianna, Sabena, Anna, Salinaro, Francesco, Sangiovanni, Vincenzo, Sanrocco, Carlo, Scorzolini, Laura, Sgariglia, Raffaella, Simeone, Paola Giustina, Spinicci, Michele, Trecarichi, Enrico Maria, Veronesi, Giovanni, Vettor, Roberto, Vianello, Andrea, Vinceti, Marco, Visconti, Elena, Vocciante, Laura, De Caterina, Raffaele, Iacoviello, Licia, Di Castelnuovo, A, Costanzo, S, Antinori, A, Berselli, N, Blandi, L, Bonaccio, M, Bruno, R, Cauda, R, Gialluisi, A, Guaraldi, G, Menicanti, L, Mennuni, M, My, I, Parruti, A, Patti, G, Perlini, S, Santilli, F, Signorelli, C, Stefanini, G, Vergori, A, Ageno, W, Aiello, L, Agostoni, P, Al Moghazi, S, Arboretti, R, Aucella, F, Barbieri, G, Barchitta, M, Bartoloni, A, Bologna, C, Bonfanti, P, Caiano, L, Carrozzi, L, Cascio, A, Castiglione, G, Chiarito, M, Ciccullo, A, Cingolani, A, Cipollone, F, Colomba, C, Colombo, C, Crosta, F, Dalena, G, Dal Pra, C, Danzi, G, D'Ardes, D, de Gaetano Donati, K, Di Gennaro, F, Di Tano, G, D'Offizi, G, Filippini, T, Maria Fusco, F, Gaudiosi, C, Gentile, I, Gini, G, Grandone, E, Guarnieri, G, Lamanna, G, Larizza, G, Leone, A, Lio, V, Losito, A, Maccagni, G, Maitan, S, Mancarella, S, Manuele, R, Mapelli, M, Maragna, R, Marra, L, Maresca, G, Marotta, C, Mastroianni, F, Mazzitelli, M, Mengozzi, A, Menichetti, F, Milic, J, Minutolo, F, Molena, B, Mussini, C, Musso, M, Odone, A, Olivieri, M, Pasi, E, Perroni, A, Petri, F, Pinchera, B, Pivato, C, Poletti, V, Ravaglia, C, Rossato, M, Rossi, M, Sabena, A, Salinaro, F, Sangiovanni, V, Sanrocco, C, Scorzolini, L, Sgariglia, R, Simeone, P, Spinicci, M, Trecarichi, E, Veronesi, G, Vettor, R, Vianello, A, Vinceti, M, Visconti, E, Vocciante, L, De Caterina, R, Iacoviello, L, Di Castelnuovo, A., Costanzo, S., Antinori, A., Berselli, N., Blandi, L., Bonaccio, M., Bruno, R., Cauda, R., Gialluisi, A., Guaraldi, G., Menicanti, L., Mennuni, M., My, I., Parruti, A., Patti, G., Perlini, S., Santilli, F., Signorelli, C., Stefanini, G. G., Vergori, A., Ageno, W., Aiello, L., Agostoni, P., Moghazi, S. A., Arboretti, R., Aucella, F., Barbieri, G., Barchitta, M., Bartoloni, A., Bologna, C., Bonfanti, P., Caiano, L., Carrozzi, L., Cascio, A., Castiglione, G., Chiarito, M., Ciccullo, A., Cingolani, A., Cipollone, F., Colomba, C., Colombo, C., Crosta, F., Dalena, G., Dal Pra, C., Danzi, G. B., D'Ardes, D., Donati, K. G., Di Gennaro, F., Di Tano, G., D'Offizi, G., Filippini, T., Fusco, F. M., Gaudiosi, C., Gentile, I., Gini, G., Grandone, E., Guarnieri, G., Lamanna, G. L. F., Larizza, G., Leone, A., Lio, V., Losito, A. R., Maccagni, G., Maitan, S., Mancarella, S., Manuele, R., Mapelli, M., Maragna, R., Marra, L., Maresca, G., Marotta, C., Mastroianni, F., Mazzitelli, M., Mengozzi, A., Menichetti, F., Milic, J., Minutolo, F., Molena, B., Mussinelli, R., Mussini, C., Musso, M., Odone, A., Olivieri, M., Pasi, E., Perroni, A., Petri, F., Pinchera, B., Pivato, C. A., Poletti, V., Ravaglia, C., Rossato, M., Rossi, M., Sabena, A., Salinaro, F., Sangiovanni, V., Sanrocco, C., Scorzolini, L., Sgariglia, R., Simeone, P. G., Spinicci, M., Trecarichi, E. M., Veronesi, G., Vettor, R., Vianello, A., Vinceti, M., Visconti, E., Vocciante, L., Caterina, R. D., Iacoviello, L., Di Castelnuovo A., Costanzo S., Antinori A., Berselli N., Blandi L., Bonaccio M., Bruno R., Cauda R., Gialluisi A., Guaraldi G., Menicanti L., Mennuni M., My I., Parruti A., Patti G., Perlini S., Santilli F., Signorelli C., Stefanini G.G., Vergori A., Ageno W., Aiello L., Agostoni P., Moghazi S.A., Arboretti R., Aucella F., Barbieri G., Barchitta M., Bartoloni A., Bologna C., Bonfanti P., Caiano L., Carrozzi L., Cascio A., Castiglione G., Chiarito M., Ciccullo A., Cingolani A., Cipollone F., Colomba C., Colombo C., Crosta F., Dalena G., Dal Pra C., Danzi G.B., D'ardes D., Donati K.G., Di Gennaro F., Di Tano G., D'offizi G., Filippini T., Fusco F.M., Gaudiosi C., Gentile I., Gini G., Grandone E., Guarnieri G., Lamanna G.L.F., Larizza G., Leone A., Lio V., Losito A.R., Maccagni G., Maitan S., Mancarella S., Manuele R., Mapelli M., Maragna R., Marra L., Maresca G., Marotta C., Mastroianni F., Mazzitelli M., Mengozzi A., Menichetti F., Milic J., Minutolo F., Molena B., Mussinelli R., Mussini C., Musso M., Odone A., Olivieri M., Pasi E., Perroni A., Petri F., Pinchera B., Pivato C.A., Poletti V., Ravaglia C., Rossato M., Rossi M., Sabena A., Salinaro F., Sangiovanni V., Sanrocco C., Scorzolini L., Sgariglia R., Simeone P.G., Spinicci M., Trecarichi E.M., Veronesi G., Vettor R., Vianello A., Vinceti M., Visconti E., Vocciante L., Caterina R.D., and Iacoviello L.

Subjects
Medicine (General), medicine.medical_specialty, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Lopinavir, R5-920, Internal medicine, medicine, Darunavir, Original Research, COVID-19, In-hospital mortality, SARS-CoV-2, darunavir, in-hospital mortality, lopinavir, business.industry, Cobicistat, Mortality rate, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Propensity score matching, Medicine, Ritonavir, business, medicine.drug, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background: Protease inhibitors have been considered as possible therapeutic agents for COVID-19 patients.Objectives: To describe the association between lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) use and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.Study Design: Multicenter observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted in 33 Italian hospitals. Medications, preexisting conditions, clinical measures, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients were retrospectively divided in three groups, according to use of LPV/r, DRV/c or none of them. Primary outcome in a time-to event analysis was death. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting by multinomial propensity scores.Results: Out of 3,451 patients, 33.3% LPV/r and 13.9% received DRV/c. Patients receiving LPV/r or DRV/c were more likely younger, men, had higher C-reactive protein levels while less likely had hypertension, cardiovascular, pulmonary or kidney disease. After adjustment for propensity scores, LPV/r use was not associated with mortality (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13), whereas treatment with DRV/c was associated with a higher death risk (HR = 1.89, 1.53 to 2.34, E-value = 2.43). This increased risk was more marked in women, in elderly, in patients with higher severity of COVID-19 and in patients receiving other COVID-19 drugs.Conclusions: In a large cohort of Italian patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a real-life setting, the use of LPV/r treatment did not change death rate, while DRV/c was associated with increased mortality. Within the limits of an observational study, these data do not support the use of LPV/r or DRV/c in COVID-19 patients.

Published
2021

45. Common cardiovascular risk factors and in-hospital mortality in 3,894 patients with COVID-19: survival analysis and machine learning-based findings from the multicentre Italian CORIST Study

Author

Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Marialaura Bonaccio, Simona Costanzo, Alessandro Gialluisi, Andrea Antinori, Nausicaa Berselli, Lorenzo Blandi, Raffaele Bruno, Roberto Cauda, Giovanni Guaraldi, Ilaria My, Lorenzo Menicanti, Giustino Parruti, Giuseppe Patti, Stefano Perlini, Francesca Santilli, Carlo Signorelli, Giulio G. Stefanini, Alessandra Vergori, Amina Abdeddaim, Walter Ageno, Antonella Agodi, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Luca Aiello, Samir Al Moghazi, Filippo Aucella, Greta Barbieri, Alessandro Bartoloni, Carolina Bologna, Paolo Bonfanti, Serena Brancati, Francesco Cacciatore, Lucia Caiano, Francesco Cannata, Laura Carrozzi, Antonio Cascio, Antonella Cingolani, Francesco Cipollone, Claudia Colomba, Annalisa Crisetti, Francesca Crosta, Gian B. Danzi, Damiano D'Ardes, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Francesco Di Gennaro, Gisella Di Palma, Giuseppe Di Tano, Massimo Fantoni, Tommaso Filippini, Paola Fioretto, Francesco M. Fusco, Ivan Gentile, Leonardo Grisafi, Gabriella Guarnieri, Francesco Landi, Giovanni Larizza, Armando Leone, Gloria Maccagni, Sandro Maccarella, Massimo Mapelli, Riccardo Maragna, Rossella Marcucci, Giulio Maresca, Claudia Marotta, Lorenzo Marra, Franco Mastroianni, Alessandro Mengozzi, Francesco Menichetti, Jovana Milic, Rita Murri, Arturo Montineri, Roberta Mussinelli, Cristina Mussini, Maria Musso, Anna Odone, Marco Olivieri, Emanuela Pasi, Francesco Petri, Biagio Pinchera, Carlo A. Pivato, Roberto Pizzi, Venerino Poletti, Francesca Raffaelli, Claudia Ravaglia, Giulia Righetti, Andrea Rognoni, Marco Rossato, Marianna Rossi, Anna Sabena, Francesco Salinaro, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Carlo Sanrocco, Antonio Scarafino, Laura Scorzolini, Raffaella Sgariglia, Paola G. Simeone, Enrico Spinoni, Carlo Torti, Enrico M. Trecarichi, Francesca Vezzani, Giovanni Veronesi, Roberto Vettor, Andrea Vianello, Marco Vinceti, Raffaele De Caterina, Licia Iacoviello, Di Castelnuovo, A., Bonaccio, M., Costanzo, S., Gialluisi, A., Antinori, A., Berselli, N., Blandi, L., Bruno, R., Cauda, R., Guaraldi, G., My, I., Menicanti, L., Parruti, G., Patti, G., Perlini, S., Santilli, F., Signorelli, C., Stefanini, G. G., Vergori, A., Abdeddaim, A., Ageno, W., Agodi, A., Agostoni, P., Aiello, L., Al Moghazi, S., Aucella, F., Barbieri, G., Bartoloni, A., Bologna, C., Bonfanti, P., Brancati, S., Cacciatore, F., Caiano, L., Cannata, F., Carrozzi, L., Cascio, A., Cingolani, A., Cipollone, F., Colomba, C., Crisetti, A., Crosta, F., Danzi, G. B., D'Ardes, D., de Gaetano Donati, K., Di Gennaro, F., Di Palma, G., Di Tano, G., Fantoni, M., Filippini, T., Fioretto, P., Fusco, F. M., Gentile, I., Grisafi, L., Guarnieri, G., Landi, F., Larizza, G., Leone, A., Maccagni, G., Maccarella, S., Mapelli, M., Maragna, R., Marcucci, R., Maresca, G., Marotta, C., Marra, L., Mastroianni, F., Mengozzi, A., Menichetti, F., Milic, J., Murri, R., Montineri, A., Mussinelli, R., Mussini, C., Musso, M., Odone, A., Olivieri, M., Pasi, E., Petri, F., Pinchera, B., Pivato, C. A., Pizzi, R., Poletti, V., Raffaelli, F., Ravaglia, C., Righetti, G., Rognoni, A., Rossato, M., Rossi, M., Sabena, A., Salinaro, F., Sangiovanni, V., Sanrocco, C., Scarafino, A., Scorzolini, L., Sgariglia, R., Simeone, P. G., Spinoni, E., Torti, C., Trecarichi, E. M., Vezzani, F., Veronesi, G., Vettor, R., Vianello, A., Vinceti, M., De Caterina, R., Iacoviello, L., Di Castelnuovo, Augusto, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Costanzo, Simona, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Antinori, Andrea, Berselli, Nausicaa, Blandi, Lorenzo, Bruno, Raffaele, Cauda, Roberto, Guaraldi, Giovanni, My, Ilaria, Menicanti, Lorenzo, Parruti, Giustino, Patti, Giuseppe, Perlini, Stefano, Santilli, Francesca, Signorelli, Carlo, Stefanini, Giulio G, Vergori, Alessandra, Abdeddaim, Amina, Ageno, Walter, Agodi, Antonella, Agostoni, Piergiuseppe, Aiello, Luca, Al Moghazi, Samir, Aucella, Filippo, Barbieri, Greta, Bartoloni, Alessandro, Bologna, Carolina, Bonfanti, Paolo, Brancati, Serena, Cacciatore, Francesco, Caiano, Lucia, Cannata, Francesco, Carrozzi, Laura, Cascio, Antonio, Cingolani, Antonella, Cipollone, Francesco, Colomba, Claudia, Crisetti, Annalisa, Crosta, Francesca, Danzi, Gian B, D'Ardes, Damiano, de Gaetano Donati, Katleen, Di Gennaro, Francesco, Di Palma, Gisella, Di Tano, Giuseppe, Fantoni, Massimo, Filippini, Tommaso, Fioretto, Paola, Fusco, Francesco M, Gentile, Ivan, Grisafi, Leonardo, Guarnieri, Gabriella, Landi, Francesco, Larizza, Giovanni, Leone, Armando, Maccagni, Gloria, Maccarella, Sandro, Mapelli, Massimo, Maragna, Riccardo, Marcucci, Rossella, Maresca, Giulio, Marotta, Claudia, Marra, Lorenzo, Mastroianni, Franco, Mengozzi, Alessandro, Menichetti, Francesco, Milic, Jovana, Murri, Rita, Montineri, Arturo, Mussinelli, Roberta, Mussini, Cristina, Musso, Maria, Odone, Anna, Olivieri, Marco, Pasi, Emanuela, Petri, Francesco, Pinchera, Biagio, Pivato, Carlo A, Pizzi, Roberto, Poletti, Venerino, Raffaelli, Francesca, Ravaglia, Claudia, Righetti, Giulia, Rognoni, Andrea, Rossato, Marco, Rossi, Marianna, Sabena, Anna, Salinaro, Francesco, Sangiovanni, Vincenzo, Sanrocco, Carlo, Scarafino, Antonio, Scorzolini, Laura, Sgariglia, Raffaella, Simeone, Paola G, Spinoni, Enrico, Torti, Carlo, Trecarichi, Enrico M, Vezzani, Francesca, Veronesi, Giovanni, Vettor, Roberto, Vianello, Andrea, Vinceti, Marco, De Caterina, Raffaele, Iacoviello, Licia, Di Castelnuovo, A, Bonaccio, M, Costanzo, S, Gialluisi, A, Antinori, A, Berselli, N, Blandi, L, Bruno, R, Cauda, R, Guaraldi, G, My, I, Menicanti, L, Parruti, A, Patti, G, Perlini, S, Santilli, F, Signorelli, C, Stefanini, G, Vergori, A, Abdeddaim, A, Ageno, W, Agodi, A, Agostoni, P, Aiello, L, Al Moghazi, S, Aucella, F, Barbieri, G, Bartoloni, A, Bologna, C, Bonfanti, P, Brancati, S, Cacciatore, F, Caiano, L, Cannata, F, Carrozzi, L, Cascio, A, Cingolani, A, Cipollone, F, Colomba, C, Crisetti, A, Crosta, F, Danzi, G, D'Ardes, D, de Gaetano Donati, K, Di Gennaro, F, Di Palma, G, Di Tano, G, Fantoni, M, Filippini, T, Fioretto, P, Fusco, F, Gentile, I, Grisafi, L, Guarnieri, G, Landi, F, Larizza, G, Leone, A, Maccagni, G, Maccarella, S, Mapelli, M, Maragna, R, Marcucci, R, Maresca, G, Marotta, C, Marra, L, Mastroianni, F, Mengozzi, A, Menichetti, F, Milic, J, Miurri, R, Montineri, A, Mussinelli, R, Mussini, C, Musso, M, Odone, A, Olivieri, M, Pasi, E, Petri, F, Pinchera, B, Pivato, C, Pizzi, R, Poletti, V, Raffaelli, F, Ravaglia, C, Righetti, G, Rognoni, A, Rossato, M, Rossi, M, Sabena, A, Salinaro, F, Sangiovanni, V, Sanrocco, C, Scarafino, A, Scorzolini, L, Sgariglia, R, Simeone, P, Spinoni, E, Torti, C, Trecarichi, E, Vezzani, F, Veronesi, G, Vettor, R, Vianello, A, Vinceti, M, De Caterina, R, and Iacoviello, L

Subjects
Male, Epidemiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, computer.software_genre, Machine Learning, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Disease, 80 and over, Medicine, Age Factor, Viral, Hospital Mortality, Betacoronavirus Hospital Mortality, Young adult, Aged, 80 and over, Nutrition and Dietetics, COVID-19, In-hospital mortality, Risk factors, Mortality rate, Hazard ratio, Age Factors, Middle Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Survival Analysi, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Coronavirus Infections, Human, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Pneumonia, Viral, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, Machine learning, Aged, Humans, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Survival Analysis, Young Adult, Betacoronavirus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk factor, Survival analysis, Pandemic, Betacoronaviru, business.industry, Coronavirus Infection, Risk Factor, Retrospective cohort study, Pneumonia, Confidence interval, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract

Background and aims There is poor knowledge on characteristics, comorbidities and laboratory measures associated with risk for adverse outcomes and in-hospital mortality in European Countries. We aimed at identifying baseline characteristics predisposing COVID-19 patients to in-hospital death. Methods and results Retrospective observational study on 3894 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized from February 19th to May 23rd, 2020 and recruited in 30 clinical centres distributed throughout Italy. Machine learning (random forest)-based and Cox survival analysis. 61.7% of participants were men (median age 67 years), followed up for a median of 13 days. In-hospital mortality exhibited a geographical gradient, Northern Italian regions featuring more than twofold higher death rates as compared to Central/Southern areas (15.6% vs 6.4%, respectively). Machine learning analysis revealed that the most important features in death classification were impaired renal function, elevated C reactive protein and advanced age. These findings were confirmed by multivariable Cox survival analysis (hazard ratio (HR): 8.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–14.7 for age ≥85 vs 18–44 y); HR = 4.7; 2.9–7.7 for estimated glomerular filtration rate levels, Highlights • Impaired renal function, elevated C-reactive protein and advanced age were major indicators of death in COVID-19 patients. • These associations were substantially homogenous across all sub-groups analysed. • No relation was found with obesity, tobacco use, cardiovascular disease and related-comorbidities. • Death rates were higher in the Northern as opposed to Central-Southern Italian regions.

Published
2020

46. Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study

Author

Venerino Poletti, Damiano D'Ardes, Paola Simeone, Cristina Mussini, Giustino Parruti, Sandro Maccarella, Licia Iacoviello, Giulio G. Stefanini, Roberta Mussinelli, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Paolo Bonfanti, Roberto Vettor, Andrea Vianello, Arturo Montineri, Roberto Cauda, Elvira Grandone, Maria Mazzitelli, Claudia Ravaglia, Marialaura Bonaccio, Giulio Maresca, Francesco Di Gennaro, Alessandro Mengozzi, Anna Sabena, Gian Battista Danzi, Giuseppe Di Tano, Emanuela Pasi, Ilaria Rossi, Lucia Caiano, Laura Carrozzi, Francesco Landi, Francesca Crosta, Tommaso Filippini, Francesco Menichetti, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Andrea Madaro, Antonio Cascio, Carlo Signorelli, Michele Spinicci, Carlo Sanrocco, Enrico Guido Spinoni, Maria Musso, Alessandra Vergori, Lorenzo Marra, Giuseppe Patti, Laura Vocciante, Marco Olivieri, Francesca Santilli, Stefano Perlini, Claudia Colomba, Francesco Salinaro, Marianna Meschiari, Gabriella Guarnieri, Giampiero D'Offizi, Riccardo Maragna, Paola Del Giacomo, Giancarlo Gini, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Andrea Antinori, Filippo Aucella, Raffaele De Caterina, Lorenzo Menicanti, Gloria Maccagni, Amedeo Venezia, Chiara Dal Pra, Carlo Andrea Pivato, Walter Ageno, Antonella Agodi, Francesco Cannata, Francesco Petri, Luca Aiello, Biagio Pinchera, Marinella Astuto, Raffaella Sgariglia, Giovanni Guaraldi, Marco Vinceti, Laura Scorzolini, Samir Al Moghazi, Armando Leone, Giovanni Veronesi, Arturo Ciccullo, Leonardo Grisafi, Francesco Cipollone, Massimo Mapelli, Greta Barbieri, Silvia Lamonica, Raffaele Bruno, Filippo Minutolo, Antonella Cingolani, Alessandro Gialluisi, Marco Rossato, Andrea Rognoni, Marianna Rossi, Claudia Marotta, Franco Mastroianni, Ilaria My, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Anna Odone, Alessandro Bartoloni, Simona Costanzo, Francesco Cacciatore, Ivan Gentile, Massimo Rinaldi, Nausicaa Berselli, Francesco Maria Fusco, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Lorenzo Blandi, Castelnuovo A.D., Costanzo S., Antinori A., Berselli N., Blandi L., Bruno R., Cauda R., Guaraldi G., Menicanti L., My I., Parruti G., Patti G., Perlini S., Santilli F., Signorelli C., Spinoni E., Stefanini G.G., Vergori A., Ageno W., Agodi A., Aiello L., Agostoni P., Moghazi S.A., Astuto M., Aucella F., Barbieri G., Bartoloni A., Bonaccio M., Bonfanti P., Cacciatore F., Caiano L., Cannata F., Carrozzi L., Cascio A., Ciccullo A., Cingolani A., Cipollone F., Colomba C., Crosta F., Pra C.D., Danzi G.B., D'Ardes D., Donati K.D.G., Giacomo P.D., Gennaro F.D., Di Tano G., D'Offizi G., Filippini T., Fusco F.M., Gentile I., Gialluisi A., Gini G., Grandone E., Grisafi L., Guarnieri G., Lamonica S., Landi F., Leone A., Maccagni G., Maccarella S., Madaro A., Mapelli M., Maragna R., Marra L., Maresca G., Marotta C., Mastroianni F., Mazzitelli M., Mengozzi A., Menichetti F., Meschiari M., Minutolo F., Montineri A., Mussinelli R., Mussini C., Musso M., Odone A., Olivieri M., Pasi E., Petri F., Pinchera B., Pivato C.A., Poletti V., Ravaglia C., Rinaldi M., Rognoni A., Rossato M., Rossi I., Rossi M., Sabena A., Salinaro F., Sangiovanni V., Sanrocco C., Scorzolini L., Sgariglia R., Simeone P.G., Spinicci M., Trecarichi E.M., Venezia A., Veronesi G., Vettor R., Vianello A., Vinceti M., Vocciante L., De Caterina R., Iacoviello L., Castelnuovo, A. D., Costanzo, S., Antinori, A., Berselli, N., Blandi, L., Bruno, R., Cauda, R., Guaraldi, G., Menicanti, L., My, I., Parruti, G., Patti, G., Perlini, S., Santilli, F., Signorelli, C., Spinoni, E., Stefanini, G. G., Vergori, A., Ageno, W., Agodi, A., Aiello, L., Agostoni, P., Moghazi, S. A., Astuto, M., Aucella, F., Barbieri, G., Bartoloni, A., Bonaccio, M., Bonfanti, P., Cacciatore, F., Caiano, L., Cannata, F., Carrozzi, L., Cascio, A., Ciccullo, A., Cingolani, A., Cipollone, F., Colomba, C., Crosta, F., Pra, C. D., Danzi, G. B., D'Ardes, D., Donati, K. D. G., Giacomo, P. D., Gennaro, F. D., Di Tano, G., D'Offizi, G., Filippini, T., Fusco, F. M., Gentile, I., Gialluisi, A., Gini, G., Grandone, E., Grisafi, L., Guarnieri, G., Lamonica, S., Landi, F., Leone, A., Maccagni, G., Maccarella, S., Madaro, A., Mapelli, M., Maragna, R., Marra, L., Maresca, G., Marotta, C., Mastroianni, F., Mazzitelli, M., Mengozzi, A., Menichetti, F., Meschiari, M., Minutolo, F., Montineri, A., Mussinelli, R., Mussini, C., Musso, M., Odone, A., Olivieri, M., Pasi, E., Petri, F., Pinchera, B., Pivato, C. A., Poletti, V., Ravaglia, C., Rinaldi, M., Rognoni, A., Rossato, M., Rossi, I., Rossi, M., Sabena, A., Salinaro, F., Sangiovanni, V., Sanrocco, C., Scorzolini, L., Sgariglia, R., Simeone, P. G., Spinicci, M., Trecarichi, E. M., Venezia, A., Veronesi, G., Vettor, R., Vianello, A., Vinceti, M., Vocciante, L., De Caterina, R., Iacoviello, L., Castelnuovo, A, Costanzo, S, Antinori, A, Berselli, N, Blandi, L, Bruno, R, Cauda, R, Guaraldi, G, Menicanti, L, My, I, Parruti, G, Patti, G, Perlini, S, Santilli, F, Signorelli, C, Spinoni, E, Stefanini, G, Vergori, A, Ageno, W, Agodi, A, Aiello, L, Agostoni, P, Moghazi, S, Astuto, M, Aucella, F, Barbieri, G, Bartoloni, A, Bonaccio, M, Bonfanti, P, Cacciatore, F, Caiano, L, Cannata, F, Carrozzi, L, Cascio, A, Ciccullo, A, Cingolani, A, Cipollone, F, Colomba, C, Crosta, F, Pra, C, Danzi, G, D'Ardes, D, Donati, K, Giacomo, P, Gennaro, F, Tano, G, D'Offizi, G, Filippini, T, Fusco, F, Gentile, I, Gialluisi, A, Gini, G, Grandone, E, Grisafi, L, Guarnieri, G, Lamonica, S, Landi, F, Leone, A, Maccagni, G, Maccarella, S, Madaro, A, Mapelli, M, Maragna, R, Marra, L, Maresca, G, Marotta, C, Mastroianni, F, Mazzitelli, M, Mengozzi, A, Menichetti, F, Meschiari, M, Minutolo, F, Montineri, A, Mussinelli, R, Mussini, C, Musso, M, Odone, A, Olivieri, M, Pasi, E, Petri, F, Pinchera, B, Pivato, C, Poletti, V, Ravaglia, C, Rinaldi, M, Rognoni, A, Rossato, M, Rossi, I, Rossi, M, Sabena, A, Salinaro, F, Sangiovanni, V, Sanrocco, C, Scorzolini, L, Sgariglia, R, Simeone, P, Spinicci, M, Trecarichi, E, Venezia, A, Veronesi, G, Vettor, R, Vianello, A, Vinceti, M, Vocciante, L, De Caterina, R, and Iacoviello, L

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lower risk, law.invention, COVID-19, Disease severity, Hydroxychloroquine, Inflammation, Mortality, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Retrospective Studie, law, Internal medicine, 80 and over, Internal Medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, business.industry, Mortality rate, Retrospective cohort study, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Propensity score matching, Commentary, Observational study, business, Human, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was proposed as potential treatment for COVID-19. Objective We set-up a multicenter Italian collaboration to investigate the relationship between HCQ therapy and COVID-19 in-hospital mortality. Methods In a retrospective observational study, 3,451 unselected patients hospitalized in 33 clinical centers in Italy, from February 19, 2020 to May 23, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, were analyzed. The primary end-point in a time-to event analysis was in-hospital death, comparing patients who received HCQ with patients who did not. We used multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models with inverse probability for treatment weighting by propensity scores, with the addition of subgroup analyses. Results Out of 3,451 COVID-19 patients, 76.3% received HCQ. Death rates (per 1,000 person-days) for patients receiving or not HCQ were 8.9 and 15.7, respectively. After adjustment for propensity scores, we found 30% lower risk of death in patients receiving HCQ (HR=0.70; 95%CI: 0.59 to 0.84; E-value=1.67). Secondary analyses yielded similar results. The inverse association of HCQ with inpatient mortality was particularly evident in patients having elevated C-reactive protein at entry. Conclusions HCQ use was associated with a 30% lower risk of death in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Within the limits of an observational study and awaiting results from randomized controlled trials, these data do not discourage the use of HCQ in inpatients with COVID-19.

Published
2020

47. RAAS inhibitors are not associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients: Findings from an observational multicenter study in Italy and a meta-analysis of 19 studies

Author

Francesca Santilli, Marianna Meschiari, Gabriella Guarnieri, Francesco Petri, Anna Sabena, Gloria Maccagni, Giovanni Larizza, Massimo Mapelli, Maria Mazzitelli, Gian Battista Danzi, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Annalisa Crisetti, Jovana Milic, Raffaele Pesavento, Biagio Pinchera, Riccardo Maragna, Carlo Andrea Pivato, Lorenzo Menicanti, Francesco Maria Fusco, Luca Aiello, Sandro Mancarella, Carlo Sanrocco, Alessandra Vergori, Greta Barbieri, Filippo Aucella, Silvia Marongiu, Giulio Maresca, Marianna Rossi, Andrea Antinori, Venerino Poletti, Francesco Cacciatore, Giacomo Castiglione, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Lucia Caiano, Francesca Crosta, Roberto Vettor, Francesco Menichetti, Maria Musso, Francesco Salinaro, Marco Olivieri, Stefano Perlini, Claudia Colomba, Crizia Colombo, Ottavia Cozzi, Stefano Maitan, Marialaura Bonaccio, Ilaria My, Alexandra Virano, Paola Simeone, Marco Vinceti, Antonella Cingolani, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Damiano D'Ardes, Claudia Marotta, M. B. Lucia, Carlo Signorelli, Lorenzo Marra, Giuseppe Patti, Raffaele De Caterina, Armando Leone, Veronica Lio, Beatrice Molena, Giustino Parruti, Giulio G. Stefanini, Licia Iacoviello, Laura Vocciante, Franco Mastroianni, Raffaella Sgariglia, Cristina Mussini, Francesco Cipollone, Marco Rossato, Lorenzo Blandi, Emanuela Pasi, Samir Al Moghazi, Andrea Vianello, Filippo Minutolo, Ivan Gentile, Giovanni Guaraldi, Rosa Manuele, Pasquale Abete, Arturo Ciccullo, Antonella Palimodde, Giancarlo Scoppettuolo, Walter Ageno, Marco G. Mennuni, Roberta Mussinelli, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Roberto Cauda, Laura Scorzolini, Paolo Bonfanti, Alessandro Gialluisi, Stefania Cianfrone, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Antonio Cascio, Simona Costanzo, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Nausicaa Berselli, Rosa Arboretti, Emauele Graziani, Martina Barchitta, Anna Odone, Francesco Di Gennaro, Alessandro Mengozzi, Alessandro Bartoloni, Giuseppe Di Tano, Laura Carrozzi, Ferruccio Madaro, Rossella Marcucci, Claudia Ravaglia, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto, Costanzo, Simona, Antinori, Andrea, Berselli, Nausicaa, Blandi, Lorenzo, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Cauda, Roberto, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Menicanti, Lorenzo, Mennuni, Marco, Mussinelli, Roberta, My, Ilaria, Parruti, Giustino, Patti, Giuseppe, Perlini, Stefano, Santilli, Francesca, Signorelli, Carlo, Stefanini, Giulio G., Vergori, Alessandra, Abete, Pasquale, Ageno, Walter, Agostoni, Piergiuseppe, Aiello, Luca, Al Moghazi, Samir, Arboretti, Rosa, Aucella, Filippo, Barbieri, Greta, Barchitta, Martina, Bartoloni, Alessandro, Bonfanti, Paolo, Cacciatore, Francesco, Caiano, Lucia, Carrozzi, Laura, Cascio, Antonio, Castiglione, Giacomo, Cianfrone, Stefania, Ciccullo, Arturo, Cingolani, Antonella, Cipollone, Francesco, Colomba, Claudia, Colombo, Crizia, Cozzi, Ottavia, Crisetti, Annalisa, Crosta, Francesca, Danzi, Gian Battista, D'Ardes, Damiano, de Gaetano Donati, Katleen, Di Gennaro, Francesco, Di Tano, Giuseppe, D'Offizi, Gianpiero, Fusco, Francesco Maria, Gentile, Ivan, Graziani, Emauele, Guarnieri, Gabriella, Larizza, Giovanni, Leone, Armando, Lio, Veronica, Lucia, Mothanje Barbara, Maccagni, Gloria, Madaro, Ferruccio, Maitan, Stefano, Mancarella, Sandro, Manuele, Rosa, Mapelli, Massimo, Maragna, Riccardo, Marcucci, Rossella, Maresca, Giulio, Marongiu, Silvia, Marotta, Claudia, Marra, Lorenzo, Mastroianni, Franco, Mazzitelli, Maria, Mengozzi, Alessandro, Menichetti, Francesco, Meschiari, Marianna, Milic, Jovana, Minutolo, Filippo, Molena, Beatrice, Mussini, Cristina, Musso, Maria, Odone, Anna, Olivieri, Marco, Palimodde, Antonella, Pasi, Emanuela, Pesavento, Raffaele, Petri, Francesco, Pinchera, Biagio, Pivato, Carlo A., Poletti, Venerino, Ravaglia, Claudia, Rossato, Marco, Rossi, Marianna, Sabena, Anna, Salinaro, Francesco, Sangiovanni, Vincenzo, Sanrocco, Carlo, Scoppettuolo, Giancarlo, Scorzolini, Laura, Sgariglia, Raffaella, Simeone, Paola Giustina, Trecarichi, Enrico Maria, Vettor, Roberto, Vianello, Andrea, Vinceti, Marco, Virano, Alexandra, Vocciante, Laura, De Caterina, Raffaele, Iacoviello, Licia, Di Castelnuovo, A., Costanzo, S., Antinori, A., Berselli, N., Bl, I, L., Bonaccio, M., Cauda, R., Gialluisi, A., Guaraldi, G., Menicanti, L., Mennuni, M., Mussinelli, R., My, I., Parruti, G., Patti, G., Perlini, S., Santilli, F., Signorelli, C., Stefanini, G. G., Vergori, A., Abete, P., Ageno, W., Agostoni, P., Aiello, L., Al Moghazi, S., Arboretti, R., Aucella, F., Barbieri, G., Barchitta, M., Bartoloni, A., Bonfanti, P., Cacciatore, F., Caiano, L., Carrozzi, L., Cascio, A., Castiglione, G., Cianfrone, S., Ciccullo, A., Cingolani, A., Cipollone, F., Colomba, C., Colombo, C., Cozzi, O., Crisetti, A., Crosta, F., Danzi, G. B., D'Ardes, D., de Gaetano Donati, K., Di Gennaro, F., Di Tano, G., D'Offizi, G., Fusco, F. M., Gentile, I., Graziani, E., Guarnieri, G., Larizza, G., Leone, A., Lio, V., Lucia, M. B., Maccagni, G., Madaro, F., Maitan, S., Mancarella, S., Manuele, R., Mapelli, M., Maragna, R., Marcucci, R., Maresca, G., Marongiu, S., Marotta, C., Marra, L., Mastroianni, F., Mazzitelli, M., Mengozzi, A., Menichetti, F., Meschiari, M., Milic, J., Minutolo, F., Molena, B., Mussini, C., Musso, M., Odone, A., Olivieri, M., Palimodde, A., Pasi, E., Pesavento, R., Petri, F., Pinchera, B., Pivato, C. A., Poletti, V., Ravaglia, C., Rossato, M., Rossi, M., Sabena, A., Salinaro, F., Sangiovanni, V., Sanrocco, C., Scoppettuolo, G., Scorzolini, L., Sgariglia, R., Simeone, P. G., Trecarichi, E. M., Vettor, R., Vianello, A., Vinceti, M., Virano, A., Vocciante, L., De Caterina, R., Iacoviello, L., Blandi, L., Di Castelnuovo, A, Costanzo, S, Antinori, A, Berselli, N, Blandi, L, Bonaccio, M, Cauda, R, Gialluisi, A, Guaraldi, G, Menicanti, L, Mennuni, M, Mussinelli, R, My, I, Parruti, G, Patti, G, Perlini, S, Santilli, F, Signorelli, C, Stefanini, G, Vergori, A, Abete, P, Ageno, W, Agostoni, P, Aiello, L, Al Moghazi, S, Arboretti, R, Aucella, F, Barbieri, G, Barchitta, M, Bartoloni, A, Bonfanti, P, Cacciatore, F, Caiano, L, Carrozzi, L, Cascio, A, Castiglione, G, Cianfrone, S, Ciccullo, A, Cingolani, A, Cipollone, F, Colomba, C, Colombo, C, Cozzi, O, Crisetti, A, Crosta, F, Danzi, G, D'Ardes, D, de Gaetano Donati, K, Di Gennaro, F, Di Tano, G, D'Offizi, G, Fusco, F, Gentile, I, Graziani, E, Guarnieri, G, Larizza, G, Leone, A, Lio, V, Lucia, M, Maccagni, G, Madaro, F, Maitan, S, Mancarella, S, Manuele, R, Mapelli, M, Maragna, R, Marcucci, R, Maresca, G, Marongiu, S, Marotta, C, Marra, L, Mastroianni, F, Mazzitelli, M, Mengozzi, A, Menichetti, F, Meschiari, M, Milic, J, Minutolo, F, Molena, B, Mussini, C, Musso, M, Odone, A, Olivieri, M, Palimodde, A, Pasi, E, Pesavento, R, Petri, F, Pinchera, B, Pivato, C, Poletti, V, Ravaglia, C, Rossato, M, Rossi, M, Sabena, A, Salinaro, F, Sangiovanni, V, Sanrocco, C, Scoppettuolo, G, Scorzolini, L, Sgariglia, R, Simeone, P, Trecarichi, E, Vettor, R, Vianello, A, Vinceti, M, Virano, A, Vocciante, L, Iacoviello, L, and De Caterina, R

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Physiology, Middle Aged, Renin-Angiotensin System, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, ACE-I, ARB, COVID-19, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, mortality, sartans, Severity of Illness Index, Renin-Angiotensin System, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 80 and over, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, Sartan, Aged, 80 and over, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Hazard ratio, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist, Middle Aged, Hospitalization, Antihypertensive Agent, Italy, Meta-analysis, Hypertension, Sartans, Molecular Medicine, Female, Risk assessment, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Angiotensin receptor blockers, Mortality, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Risk Assessment, Article, COVID−19, 03 medical and health sciences, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, Humans, Angiotensin receptor blocker, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Pharmacology, business.industry, Risk Factor, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Confidence interval, 030104 developmental biology, COVID-19, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, mortality, sartans, Observational study, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, business
Abstract

Objective The hypothesis that been set forward that use of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) inhibitors is associated with COVID−19 severity. We set-up a multicenter Italian collaboration (CORIST Project, ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04318418 ) to retrospectively investigate the relationship between RAAS inhibitors and COVID−19 in-hospital mortality. We also carried out an updated meta-analysis on the relevant studies. Methods We analyzed 4069 unselected patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalized in 34 clinical centers in Italy from February 19, 2020 to May 23, 2020. The primary end-point in a time-to event analysis was in-hospital death, comparing patients who received angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors (ACE I) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) with patients who did not. Articles for the meta-analysis were retrieved until July 13th, 2020 by searching in web-based libraries, and data were combined using the general variance-based method. Results Out of 4069 COVID−19 patients, 13.5% and 13.3% received ACE-I or ARB, respectively. Use of neither ACE-I nor ARB was associated with mortality (multivariable hazard ratio (HR) adjusted also for COVID−19 treatments: 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.77–1.20 and HR = 0.89, 0.67–1.19 for ACE-I and ARB, respectively). Findings were similar restricting the analysis to hypertensive (N = 2057) patients (HR = 1.00, 0.78–1.26 and HR = 0.88, 0.65–1.20) or when ACE-I or ARB were considered as a single group. Results from the meta-analysis (19 studies, 29,057 COVID−19 adult patients, 9700 with hypertension) confirmed the absence of association. Conclusions In this observational study and meta-analysis of the literature, ACE-I or ARB use was not associated with severity or in-hospital mortality in COVID−19 patients.

Published
2020

48. Association of Troponin Levels with Mortality in Italian Patients Hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results of a Multicenter Study

Author

Davide Margonato, Gianfranco Sinagra, Giulia Peveri, Riccardo M. Inciardi, Carlo Lombardi, Maurizio Volterrani, Pietro Ameri, Marco Merlo, Annamaria Iorio, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Sergio Leonardi, Massimo F Piepoli, Gloria Maccagni, Francesco Catagnano, Gian Battista Danzi, Luca Monzo, Valentina Carubelli, Italo Porto, Vincenzo Nuzzi, Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Chiara Oriecuia, Claudia Canale, Daniela Tomasoni, Massimo Mapelli, Michele Senni, Antonio Bellasi, Rita Camporotondo, Andrea Pozzi, Massimiliano Gnecchi, Claudia Specchia, Giovanni Provenzale, Filippo M. Sarullo, Andrea Mortara, Stefano Carugo, Stefano Giovinazzo, Marco Metra, Marco Guazzi, Lombardi, C. M., Carubelli, V., Iorio, A., Inciardi, R. M., Bellasi, A., Canale, C., Camporotondo, R., Catagnano, F., Dalla Vecchia, L. A., Giovinazzo, S., Maccagni, G., Mapelli, M., Margonato, D., Monzo, L., Nuzzi, V., Oriecuia, C., Peveri, G., Pozzi, A., Provenzale, G., Sarullo, F., Tomasoni, D., Ameri, P., Gnecchi, M., Leonardi, S., Merlo, M., Agostoni, P., Carugo, S., Danzi, G. B., Guazzi, M., La Rovere, M. T., Mortara, A., Piepoli, M., Porto, I., Sinagra, G., Volterrani, M., Specchia, C., Metra, M., Senni, M., Lombardi, C, Carubelli, V, Iorio, A, Inciardi, R, Bellasi, A, Canale, C, Camporotondo, R, Catagnano, F, Dalla Vecchia, L, Giovinazzo, S, Maccagni, G, Mapelli, M, Margonato, D, Monzo, L, Nuzzi, V, Oriecuia, C, Peveri, G, Pozzi, A, Provenzale, G, Sarullo, F, Tomasoni, D, Ameri, P, Gnecchi, M, Leonardi, S, Merlo, M, Agostoni, P, Carugo, S, Danzi, G, Guazzi, M, La Rovere, M, Mortara, A, Piepoli, M, Porto, I, Sinagra, G, Volterrani, M, Specchia, C, Metra, M, and Senni, M

Subjects
Male, Cross-sectional study, coronavirus, Comorbidity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Disease, troponin, myocardial injury, Troponin I, 80 and over, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Aged, 80 and over, Troponin T, biology, Mortality rate, Brief Report, Middle Aged, Hospitalization, Italy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, aged, aged, 80 and over, COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases, comorbidity, cross-sectional studies, female, hospital mortality, hospitalization, humans, italy, male, middle aged, prevalence, risk factors, SARS-CoV-2, troponin i, troponin t, Humans, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studie, business.industry, Risk Factor, medicine.disease, Troponin, Cross-Sectional Studies, biology.protein, business
Abstract

Importance: Myocardial injury, detected by elevated plasma troponin levels, has been associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the initial data were reported from single-center or 2-center studies in Chinese populations. Compared with these patients, European and US patients are older, with more comorbidities and higher mortality rates. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and prognostic value of myocardial injury, detected by elevated plasma troponin levels, in a large population of White Italian patients with COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study enrolling consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized in 13 Italian cardiology units from March 1 to April 9, 2020. Patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome were excluded. Elevated troponin levels were defined as values greater than the 99th percentile of normal values. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinical characteristics and outcomes stratified as elevated or normal cardiac troponin levels at admission, defined as troponin T or troponin I at a level greater than the 99th percentile of normal values. Results: A total of 614 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study (mean age [SD], 67 [13] years; 70.8% male), of whom 148 patients (24.1%) died during the hospitalization. Elevated troponin levels were found in 278 patients (45.3%). These patients were older (mean [SD] age, 64.0 [13.6] years vs 71.3 [12.0] years; P

Published
2020

49. Coronary artery disease in patients hospitalised with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection

Author

Valentina Regazzoni, Luigi Moschini, Marco Loffi, Filippo Quinzani, Giovanni Esposito, Debora Robba, Giuseppe Di Tano, Gian Battista Danzi, Raffaele Piccolo, Anna Franzone, Loffi, M., Piccolo, R., Regazzoni, V., Di Tano, G., Moschini, L., Robba, D., Quinzani, F., Esposito, G., Franzone, A., and Danzi, G. B.

Subjects
Male, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, risk stratification, Comorbidity, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, atherosclerosi, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studie, Cause of Death, Risk of mortality, Prevalence, Age Factor, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Hospital Mortality, Aged, 80 and over, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Hospitalization, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Artery, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Time Factor, Prognosi, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Retrospective Studies, Aged, business.industry, Risk Factor, Percutaneous coronary intervention, COVID-19, medicine.disease, lcsh:RC666-701, Concomitant, Conventional PCI, atherosclerosis, business
Abstract

ObjectiveAmong patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), coronary artery disease (CAD) has been identified as a high-risk condition. We aimed to assess the clinical outcomes and mortality among patients with COVID-19 according to CAD status.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Cremona Hospital (Lombardy region, Italy) between February and March 2020. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. CAD was defined as a history of prior myocardial infarction (MI), prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or CAD that was being medically treated.ResultsOf 1252 consecutive patients with COVID-19, 124 (9.9%) had concomitant CAD. Patients with CAD were older and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities compared with those without CAD. Although patients with CAD had a higher risk of all-cause mortality than patients without CAD (HR 3.01, 95% CI 2.27 to 3.99), this difference was no longer significant in the adjusted model (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.63). Results were consistent among patients with prior MI (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.87, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.41), prior PCI (aHR 1.10, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.62), prior CABG (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.82), or CAD medically treated (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.44). Multivariable analysis showed that age (aHR per 5 year increase 1.62, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.72) and female sex (aHR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.82) were the only two independent correlates of mortality.ConclusionPatients with COVID-19 and CAD have an exceedingly higher risk of mortality, which is mainly attributable to the burden of comorbidities rather than to a direct effect of CAD per se.

Published
2020

50. Prognostic Impact of Diabetes and Prediabetes on Survival Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the GISSI-HF (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nella Insufficienza Cardiaca-Heart Failure) Trial

Author

Marco Dauriz, Giovanni Targher, Pier Luigi Temporelli, Donata Lucci, Lucio Gonzini, Gian Luigi Nicolosi, Roberto Marchioli, Gianni Tognoni, Roberto Latini, Franco Cosmi, Luigi Tavazzi, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Simona Barlera, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Aldo P. Maggioni, Maurizio Porcu, Salim Yusuf, Fulvio Camerini, Jay N. Cohn, Adriano Decarli, Bertram Pitt, Peter Sleight, Philip A. Poole‐Wilson, Enrico Geraci, Marino Scherillo, Gianna Fabbri, Barbara Bartolomei, Daniele Bertoli, Franco Cobelli, Claudio Fresco, Antonietta Ledda, Giacomo Levantesi, Cristina Opasich, Franco Rusconi, Gianfranco Sinagra, Fabio Turazza, Alberto Volpi, Martina Ceseri, Gianluca Alongi, Antonio Atzori, Filippo Bambi, Desiree Bastarolo, Francesca Bianchini, Iacopo Cangioli, Vittoriana Canu, Concetta Caporusso, Gabriele Cenni, Laura Cintelli, Michele Cocchio, Alessia Confente, Eva Fenicia, Giorgio Friso, Marco Gianfriddo, Gianluca Grilli, Beatrice Lazzaro, Giuseppe Lonardo, Alessia Luise, Rachele Nota, Mariaelena Orlando, Rosaria Petrolo, Chiara Pierattini, Valeria Pierota, Alessandro Provenzani, Velia Quartuccio, Anna Ragno, Chiara Serio, Alvise Spolaor, Arianna Tafi, Elisa Tellaroli, Stefano Ghio, Elisa Ghizzardi, Serge Masson, Lella Crociati, Maria Teresa La Rovere, Ugo Corrà, Andrea Finzi, Marco Gorini, Valentina Milani, Giampietro Orsini, Elisa Bianchini, Silvia Cabiddu, Ilaria Cangioli, Laura Cipressa, Maria Lucia Cipressa, Giuseppina Di Bitetto, Barbara Ferri, Luisa Galbiati, Andrea Lorimer, Carla Pera, Paola Priami, Antonella Vasamì, T. Moccetti, M.G. Rossi, E. Pasotti, F. Vaghi, P. Roncarolo, M.T. Zunino, F. Matta, E. Actis Perinetto, F. Gaita, G. Azzaro, M. Zanetta, A.M. Paino, U. Parravicini, D. Vegis, R. Conte, P. Ferraro, A. De Bernardi, S. Morelloni, M. Fagnani, P. Greco Lucchina, L. Montagna, E. Bellone, D. Sappè, F. Ferraro, M. Delucchi, S.G. Reynaud, M. Dore, A. La Brocca, N. Massobrio, L. Bo, R. Trinchero, M. Imazio, G. Brocchi, A. Nejrotti, L. Rissone, S. Gabasio, C. Zocchi, S. Randazzo, A. Crenna, P. Giannuzzi, E. Bonanomi, A. Mezzani, M. De Marchi, G. Begliuomini, C.A. Gianonatti, A. Gavazzi, A. Grosu, L. Dei Cas, S. Nodari, P. Garyfallidis, A. Bertoletti, C. Bonifazi, S. Arisi, F. Mascaro, M. Fraccarollo, S. Dell'Orto, M. Sfolcini, F. Bortolini, D. Raccagni, A. Turelli, M. Santarone, E. Miglierina, L. Sormani, R. Jemoli, F. Tettamanti, S. Pirelli, C. Bianchi, S. Verde, M. Mariani, V. Ziacchi, A. Ferrazza, A. Russo, M. Bortolotti, G.F. Pasini, A. Volpi, K.N. Jones, D. Cuzzucrea, G. Gullace, C. Carbone, A. Granata, S. De Servi, G. Del Rosso, C. Inserra, E. Renaldini, C. Zappa, M. Moretti, R. Zanini, M. Ferrari, E. Moroni, A. Cei, C. Lissi, E. Dovico, C. Fiorentini, P. Palermo, B. Brusoni, M. Negrini, J. Heyman, G.B. Danzi, A. Finzi, M. Frigerio, F. Turazza, L. Beretta, A. Sachero, F. Casazza, L. Squadroni, F. Lombardi, L. Marano, A. Margonato, G. Fragasso, O.C. Febo, E. Aiolfi, F. Olmetti, A. Grieco, V. Antonazzo, G. Specchia, A. Mortara, F. Robustelli, M.G. Songini, C. Schweiger, A. Frisinghelli, M. Palvarini, C. Campana, L. Scelsi, N. Ajmone Marsan, F. Cobelli, A. Gualco, C. Opasich, S. De Feo, R. Mazzucco, M.A. Iannone, T. Diaco, D. Zaniboni, G. Milanesi, D. Nassiacos, S. Meloni, P. Giani, T. Nicoli, C. Malinverni, A. Gusmini, L. Pozzoni, G. Bisiani, P. Margaroli, A. Schizzarotto, A. Daverio, G. Occhi, N. Partesana, P. Bandini, M.G. Rosella, S. Giustiniani, G. Cucchi, R. Pedretti, R. Raimondo, R. Vaninetti, A. Fedele, I. Ghezzi, E. Rezzonico, J.A. Salerno Uriarte, F. Morandi, F. Salvucci, C. Valenti, G. Graziano, M. Romanò, C. Cimminiello, I. Mangone, M. Lombardo, P. Quorso, G. Marinoni, M. Breghi, M. Erckert, A. Dienstl, G. Mirante Marini, C. Stefenelli, G. Cioffi, E. Buczkowska, A. Bonanome, F. Bazzanini, L. Parissenti, C. Serafini, G. Catania, L. Tarantini, G. Rigatelli, S. Boni, A. Pasini, E. Masini, A.A. Zampiero, M. Zanchetta, L. Franceschetto, P. Delise, C. Marcon, A. Sacchetta, L. Borgese, L. Artusi, P. Casolino, F. Corbara, A. Banzato, M. Barbiero, M.P. Aldegheri, R. Bazzucco, G. Crivellenti, A. Raviele, C. Zanella, P. Pascotto, P. Sarto, S. Milan, E. Barbieri, P. Girardi, W. Dalla Villa, J. Dalle Mule, M.L. Di Sipio, R. Cazzin, D. Milan, P. Zonzin, M. Carraro, R. Rossi, E. Carbonieri, I. Rossi, P. Stritoni, P. Meneghetti, G. Risica, P.L. Tenderini, C. Vassanelli, L. Zanolla, G. Perini, G. Brighetti, R. Chiozza, G. Giuliano, R. Gortan, R. Cesanelli, G.L. Nicolosi, R. Piazza, L. Mos, O. Vriz, D. Pavan, G. Pascottini, E. Alberti, M. Werren, L. Solinas, G. Sinagra, F. Longaro, P. Fioretti, M.C. Albanese, D. Miani, R. Gianrossi, A. Pende, P. Rubartelli, O. Magaia, S. Domenicucci, D. Caruso, A.S. Faraguti, L. Magliani, F. Miccoli, G. Guglielmino, D. Bertoli, A. Cantarelli, S. Orlandi, A. Vallebona, A. Pozzati, G. Brega, L.G. Pancaldi, R. Vandelli, S. Urbinati, M.G. Poci, M. Zoli, G.M. Costa, U. Guiducci, G. Zobbi, F. Tartagni, A. Tisselli, A. Gentili, P. Pieri, E. Cagnetta, S. Bendinelli, A. Barbieri, R. Conti, R. Ferrari, F. Merlini, A. Fucili, P. Moruzzi, E. Buia, M. Galvani, D. Ferrini, G. Baggioni, P. Yiannacopulu, G. Canè, A. Bonfiglioli, R. Zandomeneghi, L. Brugioni, A. Giannini, R. Di Ruvo, M. Giuliani, L. Rusconi, P. Del Corso, G. Piovaccari, F. Bologna, P. Venturi, F. Melandri, E. Bagni, L. Bolognese, R. Perticucci, A. Zuppiroli, M. Nannini, N. Consoli, P. Petrone, C. Pipitò, L. Colombi, D. Bernardi, P.R. Mariani, R. Testa, F. Mazzinghi, F. Cosmi, D. Cosmi, A. Zipoli, A. Cecchi, G. Castelli, M. Ciaccheri, F. Mori, F. Pieri, P. Valoti, D. Chiarantini, G.M. Santoro, C. Minneci, F. Marchi, M. Milli, G. Zambaldi, A.A. Brandinelli Geri, M. Cipriani, M. Alessandri, S. Severi, S. Stefanelli, A. Comella, R. Poddighe, A. Digiorgio, M. Carluccio, S. Berti, A. Rizza, V. Bonatti, V. Molendi, A. Brancato, N. D'Aprile, G. Giappichini, S. Del Vecchio, G. Mantini, F. De Tommasi, G. Meucci, M. Cordoni, S. Bechi, L. Barsotti, P. Baldini, M. Romei, G. Scopelliti, G. Lauri, F. Pestelli, F. Furiozzi, M. Cocchieri, D. Severini, F. Patriarchi, P. Chiocchi, M. Buccolieri, S. Martinelli, A. Wee, F. Angelici, M. Bernardinangeli, G. Proietti, B. Biscottini, R. Panciarola, L. Marinacci, G.P. Perna, D. Gabrielli, A. Moraca, L. Moretti, L. Partemi, G. Gregori, R. Amici, G. Patteri, P. Capone, E. Savini, G.L. Morgagni, L. Paccaloni, F. Pezzuoli, S. Carincola, S. Papi, S. De Crescentini, P. Gerardi, P. Midi, E. Gallenzi, G. Pajes, C. Mancone, V. Di Spirito, M. Di Gennaro, S. Calcagno, S. Toscano, S. Antonicoli, F. Carta, G. Giorgi, F. Comito, E. Daniele, O. Ciarla, P.G. Gelfo, A. Acquaviva, D. Testa, G. Testa, F.A. Pagliaro, F. Russo, F. Vetta, I. Marchese, G. Di Sciascio, A. D'Ambrosio, F. Leggio, D. Del Sindaco, A. Lacchè, A. Avallone, M.P. Risa, P. Azzolini, E. Baldo, E. Giovannini, G. Pulignano, C. Tondo, E. Picchio, E. ani, P. Tanzi, F. Pozzar, F. Farnetti, M. Azzarito, M. Santini, A. Varveri, G. Ferraiuolo, C. Valtorta, A. Gaspardone, G. Barbato, V. Ceci, N. Aspromonte, F. Bellocci, C. Colizzi, F. Fedele, F.I. Perez, A. Galati, A. Rossetti, A. Mainella, D. etta, C. Matteucci, G. Busi, A. De Angelis, G. Farina, A. Granatelli, F. Leone, F. Frasca, R. Di Giovambattista, G. Castellani, G. Massaro, G. Mastrogiuseppe, A. Vacri, F. De Sanctis, M. Cioli, S. Di Luzio, C. Napoletano, L.L. Piccioni, G. De Simone, A. Ottaviano, V. Mazza, C. Spedaliere, D. Staniscia, E. Calgione, G. De Marco, T. Chiacchio, T. Di Napoli, S. Romanzi, G. Salvatore, P. Golino, A. Palermo, F. Mascia, A. Vetrano, A. Vinciguerra, L. Caliendo, R. Longobardi, G. De Caro, R. Di Nola, F. Piemonte, D. Prinzi, P. De Rosa, V. De Rosa, F. Riello, V. Capuano, G. Vecchio, M. Landi, S. Amato, M. Garofalo, M. D'Avino, P. Sensale, O. Maiolica, R. Santoro, P. Caso, D. Miceli, N. Maurea, U. Bianchi, C. Crispo, M. Chiariello, P. Perrone Filardi, L. Russo, N. Capuano, G. Ungaro, G. Vergara, F. Scafuro, G. D'Angelo, C. Campaniello, P. Bottiglieri, A. Volpe, R. Battista, L. De Risi, G. Cardillo, G. Sibilio, A.P. Marino, F. Silvestri, P. Predotti, A. Iervoglini, C. De Matteis, P. Sarnicola, M.M. Matarazzo, S. Baldi, V. Iuliano, C. Astarita, P. Cuccaro, A. Liguori, G. Liguori, G. Gregorio, L. Petraglia, G. Antonelli, G. Amodio, I. De Luca, D. Traversa, G. Franchini, M.L. Lenti, D. Cavallari, C. D'Agostino, G. Scalera, C.M. Altamura, M. Russo, A.R. Mascolo, G. Pettinati, S.A. Ciricugno, D. Scrutinio, A. Passantino, D. Mastrangelo, A. Di Masi, R. De Carne, M. Cannone, F. Dibiase, M. Pensato, F. Loliva, F. Trapani, I. Panettieri, L. Leone, M. Di Biase, M. Carrone, V. Gallone, F. Cocco, M. Costantini, C. Tritto, F. Cavalieri, L. Stella, F. Magliari, M. Callerame, A. De Giorgi, L. Pellegrino, M. Correra, V. Portulano, G.L. Nisi, G. Grassi, E. Cristallo, D. De Laura, C. Salerno, R. Fanelli, M. Villella, S. Pede, A. Renna, E. De Lorenzi, L. Urso, V. Lenti, A. Peluso, N. Baldi, G. Polimeni, P. Palma, R. Lauletta, E. Tagliamonte, T. Cirillo, B. Silvestri, G. Centonze, B. D'Alessandro, L. Truncellito, D. Mecca, M.A. Petruzzi, R.O.M. Coviello, A. Lopizzo, M. telli, S. Barbuzzi, S. Gubelli, G. Germinario, N. Cosentino, A. Mingrone, R. Vico, G. Borrello, M.L. Mazza, R. Cimino, D. Galasso, F. Cassadonte, U. Talarico, F. Perticone, S. Cassano, F. Catapano, S. Calemme, E. Feraco, C. Cloro, G. Misuraca, R. Caporale, L. Vigna, V. Spagnuolo, F. De Rosa, G. Spadafora, G. Zampaglione, R. Russo, F.A. Schipani, A.F. Ferragina, D. Stranieri, G. Musca, C. Carpino, P. Bencardino, F. Raimondo, D. Musacchio, G. Pulitanò, A. Ruggeri, A. Provenzano, S. Salituri, M. Musolino, S. Calandruccio, A. Marrari, E. Tripodi, R. Scali, L. Anastasio, A. Arone, P. Aragona, L. Donnangelo, M.G.A. Comito, F. Bilotta, I. Vaccaro, R. Rametta, V. Ventura, A. Bonvegna, A. Alì, C. Cinnirella, M. Raineri, F. Pompeo, N. Cascio Ingurgio, V. Carini, R. Coco, G. Giunta, G. Leonardi, V. Randazzo, V. Di Blasi, C. Tamburino, G. Russo, S. Mangiameli, R. Cardillo, D. Castelli, V. Inserra, A. Arena, M.M. Gulizia, S. Raciti, G. Rapisarda, R. Romano, P. Prestifilippo, G.B. Braschi, G. Ledda, R. Terrazzino, M. De Caro, G. Scilabra, B. agnino, R. Grassi, G. Di Tano, G.F. Scimone, L. Vasquez, C. Coppolino, A. Casale, M. Castelli, G. D'Urso, E. D'Antonio, L. Lo Presti, E. Badalamenti, P. Conti, N. Sanfilippo, V. Cirrincione, M.T. Cinà, G. Cusimano, A. Taormina, P. Giuliano, A. Bajardi, V. Mandalà, A. Canonico, G. Geraci, F.P. Sabella, F. Enia, A.M. Floresta, I. Lo Cascio, D. Gumina, A. Cavallaro, G. Piccione, R. Ferrante, M. Blandino, M.S. Iudicello, E. Mossuti, G. Romano, L. Lombardo, P. Monastra, D. Di Vincenzo, M. Porcu, P. Orrù, F. Muscas, G. Giardina, M. Corda, G. Locci, A. Podda, M. Ledda, P. Siddi, C. Lai, G. Pili, G. Mercuro, G. Mureddu, A. Ganau, G. Meloni, G. Poddighe, G. Sanna, Dauriz, Marco, Targher, Giovanni, Temporelli, Pier Luigi, Lucci, Donata, Gonzini, Lucio, Nicolosi, Gian Luigi, Marchioli, Roberto, Tognoni, Gianni, Latini, Roberto, Cosmi, Franco, Tavazzi, Luigi, Maggioni, Aldo Pietro, on behalf of the GISSI-HF, Investigator, Margonato, Alberto, Moccetti, T., Rossi, M. G., Pasotti, E., Vaghi, F., Roncarolo, P., Zunino, M. T., Matta, F., Actis Perinetto, E., Gaita, F., Azzaro, G., Zanetta, M., Paino, A. M., Parravicini, U., Vegis, D., Conte, R., Ferraro, P., De Bernardi, A., Morelloni, S., Fagnani, M., Greco Lucchina, P., Montagna, L., Bellone, E., Sappè, D., Ferraro, F., Delucchi, M., Reynaud, S. G., Dore, M., La Brocca, A., Massobrio, N., Bo, L., Trinchero, R., Imazio, M., Brocchi, G., Nejrotti, A., Rissone, L., Gabasio, S., Zocchi, C., Randazzo, S., Crenna, A., Giannuzzi, P., Bonanomi, E., Mezzani, A., De Marchi, M., Begliuomini, G., Gianonatti, C. A., Gavazzi, A., Grosu, A., Dei Cas, L., Nodari, S., Garyfallidis, P., Bertoletti, A., Bonifazi, C., Arisi, S., Mascaro, F., Fraccarollo, M., Dell'Orto, S., Sfolcini, M., Bortolini, F., Raccagni, D., Turelli, A., Santarone, M., Miglierina, E., Sormani, L., Jemoli, R., Tettamanti, F., Pirelli, S., Bianchi, C., Verde, S., Mariani, M., Ziacchi, V., Ferrazza, A., Russo, A., Bortolotti, M., Pasini, G. F., Volpi, A., Jones, K. N., Cuzzucrea, D., Gullace, G., Carbone, C., Granata, A., De Servi, S., Del Rosso, G., Inserra, C., Renaldini, E., Zappa, C., Moretti, M., Zanini, R., Ferrari, M., Moroni, E., Cei, A., Lissi, C., Dovico, E., Fiorentini, C., Palermo, P., Brusoni, B., Negrini, M., Heyman, J., Danzi, G. 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L., Paccaloni, L., Pezzuoli, F., Carincola, S., Papi, S., De Crescentini, S., Gerardi, P., Midi, P., Gallenzi, E., Pajes, G., Mancone, C., Di Spirito, V., Di Gennaro, M., Calcagno, S., Toscano, S., Antonicoli, S., Carta, F., Giorgi, G., Comito, F., Daniele, E., Ciarla, O., Gelfo, P. G., Acquaviva, A., Testa, D., Testa, G., Pagliaro, F. A., Russo, F., Vetta, F., Marchese, I., Di Sciascio, G., D'Ambrosio, A., Leggio, F., Del Sindaco, D., Lacchè, A., Avallone, A., Risa, M. P., Azzolini, P., Baldo, E., Giovannini, E., Pulignano, G., Tondo, C., Picchio, E., Biffani, E., Tanzi, P., Pozzar, F., Farnetti, F., Azzarito, M., Santini, M., Varveri, A., Ferraiuolo, G., Valtorta, C., Gaspardone, A., Barbato, G., Ceci, V., Aspromonte, N., Bellocci, F., Colizzi, C., Fedele, F., Perez, F. I., Galati, A., Rossetti, A., Mainella, A., Ciuffetta, D., Matteucci, C., Busi, G., De Angelis, A., Farina, G., Granatelli, A., Leone, F., Frasca, F., Di Giovambattista, R., Castellani, G., Massaro, G., Mastrogiuseppe, G., Vacri, A., De Sanctis, F., Cioli, M., Di Luzio, S., Napoletano, C., Piccioni, L. L., De Simone, G., Ottaviano, A., Mazza, V., Spedaliere, C., Staniscia, D., Calgione, E., De Marco, G., Chiacchio, T., Di Napoli, T., Romanzi, S., Salvatore, G., Golino, P., Palermo, A., Mascia, F., Vetrano, A., Vinciguerra, A., Caliendo, L., Longobardi, R., De Caro, G., Di Nola, R., Piemonte, F., Prinzi, D., De Rosa, P., De Rosa, V., Riello, F., Capuano, V., Vecchio, G., Landi, M., Amato, S., Garofalo, M., D'Avino, M., Sensale, P., Maiolica, O., Santoro, R., Caso, P., Miceli, D., Maurea, N., Bianchi, U., Crispo, C., Chiariello, M., Perrone Filardi, P., Russo, L., Capuano, N., Ungaro, G., Vergara, G., Scafuro, F., D'Angelo, G., Campaniello, C., Bottiglieri, P., Volpe, A., Battista, R., De Risi, L., Cardillo, G., Sibilio, G., Marino, A. P., Silvestri, F., Predotti, P., Iervoglini, A., De Matteis, C., Sarnicola, P., Matarazzo, M. 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F., Stranieri, D., Musca, G., Carpino, C., Bencardino, P., Raimondo, F., Musacchio, D., Pulitanò, G., Ruggeri, A., Provenzano, A., Salituri, S., Musolino, M., Calandruccio, S., Marrari, A., Tripodi, E., Scali, R., Anastasio, L., Arone, A., Aragona, P., Donnangelo, L., Comito, M. G. A., Bilotta, F., Vaccaro, I., Rametta, R., Ventura, V., Bonvegna, A., Alì, A., Cinnirella, C., Raineri, M., Pompeo, F., Cascio Ingurgio, N., Carini, V., Coco, R., Giunta, G., Leonardi, G., Randazzo, V., Di Blasi, V., Tamburino, C., Russo, G., Mangiameli, S., Cardillo, R., Castelli, D., Inserra, V., Arena, A., Gulizia, M. M., Raciti, S., Rapisarda, G., Romano, R., Prestifilippo, P., Braschi, G. B., Ledda, G., Terrazzino, R., De Caro, M., Scilabra, G., Graffagnino, B., Grassi, R., Di Tano, G., Scimone, G. F., Vasquez, L., Coppolino, C., Casale, A., Castelli, M., D'Urso, G., D'Antonio, E., Lo Presti, L., Badalamenti, E., Conti, P., Sanfilippo, N., Cirrincione, V., Cinà, M. T., Cusimano, G., Taormina, A., Giuliano, P., Bajardi, A., Mandalà, V., Canonico, A., Geraci, G., Sabella, F. P., Enia, F., Floresta, A. M., Lo Cascio, I., Gumina, D., Cavallaro, A., Piccione, G., Ferrante, R., Blandino, M., Iudicello, M. S., Mossuti, E., Romano, G., Lombardo, L., Monastra, P., Di Vincenzo, D., Porcu, M., Orrù, P., Muscas, F., Giardina, G., Corda, M., Locci, G., Podda, A., Ledda, M., Siddi, P., Lai, C., Pili, G., Mercuro, G., Mureddu, G., Ganau, A., Meloni, G., Poddighe, G., Sanna, G., Barlera, Simona, Franzosi, Maria Grazia, Porcu, Maurizio, Yusuf, Salim, Camerini, Fulvio, Cohn, Jay N., Decarli, Adriano, Pitt, Bertram, Sleight, Peter, Poole-Wilson, Philip A., Geraci, Enrico, Scherillo, Marino, Fabbri, Gianna, Bartolomei, Barbara, Bertoli, Daniele, Cobelli, Franco, Fresco, Claudio, Ledda, Antonietta, Levantesi, Giacomo, Opasich, Cristina, Rusconi, Franco, Sinagra, Gianfranco, Turazza, Fabio, Volpi, Alberto, Ceseri, Martina, Alongi, Gianluca, Atzori, Antonio, Bambi, Filippo, Bastarolo, Desiree, Bianchini, Francesca, Cangioli, Iacopo, Canu, Vittoriana, Caporusso, Concetta, Cenni, Gabriele, Cintelli, Laura, Cocchio, Michele, Confente, Alessia, Fenicia, Eva, Friso, Giorgio, Gianfriddo, Marco, Grilli, Gianluca, Lazzaro, Beatrice, Lonardo, Giuseppe, Luise, Alessia, Nota, Rachele, Orlando, Mariaelena, Petrolo, Rosaria, Pierattini, Chiara, Pierota, Valeria, Provenzani, Alessandro, Quartuccio, Velia, Ragno, Anna, Serio, Chiara, Spolaor, Alvise, Tafi, Arianna, Tellaroli, Elisa, Ghio, Stefano, Ghizzardi, Elisa, Masson, Serge, Crociati, Lella, La Rovere, Maria Teresa, Corrà, Ugo, Di Giulio, Paola, Finzi, Andrea, Gorini, Marco, Milani, Valentina, Orsini, Giampietro, Bianchini, Elisa, Cabiddu, Silvia, Cangioli, Ilaria, Cipressa, Laura, Cipressa, Maria Lucia, Di Bitetto, Giuseppina, Ferri, Barbara, Galbiati, Luisa, Lorimer, Andrea, Pera, Carla, Priami, Paola, and Vasamì, Antonella

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Glycated Hemoglobin A, heart failure, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, prediabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, time factors, Settore MED/11, cause of death, 0302 clinical medicine, Glycemic control, prediabetic state, Cause of Death, italy, middle aged, Prevalence, 80 and over, double-blind method, blood glucose, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prediabetes, Rosuvastatin Calcium, humans, rosuvastatin calcium, Cause of death, Original Research, Metabolic Syndrome, Aged, 80 and over, adult, Chronic heart failure, Diabetes mellitus, Heart failure, Mortality, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Hazard ratio, chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, mortality, Treatment Outcome, Adolescent, Biomarkers, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Double-Blind Method, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Hospitalization, Heart Failure, Italy, Prediabetic State, Risk Assessment, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Time Factors, risk assessment, Middle Aged, kaplan-meier estimate, aged, female, Prediabete, young adult, Female, omega-3, Human, hospitalization, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetes mellitu, proportional hazards models, Time Factor, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors, prevalence, fatty acids, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, male, Internal medicine, Post-hoc analysis, glycated hemoglobin a, medicine, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Risk Factor, biomarkers, Biomarker, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, adolescent, Proportional Hazards Model, treatment outcome, aged, 80 and over, chronic disease, fatty acids, omega-3, cardiology and cardiovascular medicine, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, business
Abstract

Background The independent prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus ( DM ) and prediabetes mellitus (pre‐ DM ) on survival outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure has been investigated in observational registries and randomized, clinical trials, but the results have been often inconclusive or conflicting. We examined the independent prognostic impact of DM and pre‐ DM on survival outcomes in the GISSI ‐HF (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nella Insufficienza Cardiaca‐Heart Failure) trial. Methods and Results We assessed the risk of all‐cause death and the composite of all‐cause death or cardiovascular hospitalization over a median follow‐up period of 3.9 years among the 6935 chronic heart failure participants of the GISSI ‐ HF trial, who were stratified by presence of DM (n=2852), pre‐ DM (n=2013), and non‐ DM (n=2070) at baseline. Compared with non‐ DM patients, those with DM had remarkably higher incidence rates of all‐cause death (34.5% versus 24.6%) and the composite end point (63.6% versus 54.7%). Conversely, both event rates were similar between non‐ DM patients and those with pre‐ DM . Cox regression analysis showed that DM , but not pre‐ DM , was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI , 1.28–1.60) and of the composite end point (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI , 1.13–1.32), independently of established risk factors. In the DM subgroup, higher hemoglobin A1c was also independently associated with increased risk of both study outcomes (all‐cause death: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI , 1.02–1.43; and composite end point: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI , 1.01–1.29, respectively). Conclusions Presence of DM was independently associated with poor long‐term survival outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 00336336.

Published
2017

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