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Abstract The illicit traffic of cultural goods remains a persistent global challenge, despite the proliferation of comprehensive legislative frameworks developed to address and prevent cultural property crimes. Online platforms, especially social media and e-commerce, have facilitated illegal trade and pose significant challenges for law enforcement agencies. To address this issue, the European project SIGNIFICANCE was born, with the aim of combating illicit traffic of Cultural Heritage (CH) goods. This paper presents the outcomes of the project, introducing a user-friendly platform that employs Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep learning (DL) to prevent and combat illicit activities. The platform enables authorities to identify, track, and block illegal activities in the online domain, thereby aiding successful prosecutions of criminal networks. Moreover, it incorporates an ontology-based approach, providing comprehensive information on the cultural significance, provenance, and legal status of identified artefacts. This enables users to access valuable contextual information during the scraping and classification phases, facilitating informed decision-making and targeted actions. To accomplish these objectives, computationally intensive tasks are executed on the HPC CyClone infrastructure, optimizing computing resources, time, and cost efficiency. Notably, the infrastructure supports algorithm modelling and training, as well as web, dark web and social media scraping and data classification. Preliminary results indicate a 10–15% increase in the identification of illicit artifacts, demonstrating the platform’s effectiveness in enhancing law enforcement capabilities.

Abstract Objective New characterized carbohydrate-active enzymes are needed for use as tools to discriminate complex carbohydrate structural features. Fungal glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) β-xylosidases have been shown to be useful for the structural elucidation of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and arabinofuranose (Araf) substituted oligoxylosides. A homolog of these GH3 fungal enzymes from the bacterium Segatella baroniae (basonym Prevotella bryantii), Xyl3C, has been previously characterized, but those studies did not address important functional specificity features. In an interest to utilize this enzyme for laboratory methods intended to discriminate the structure of the non-reducing terminus of substituted xylooligosaccharides, we have further characterized this GH3 xylosidase. Results In addition to verification of basic functional characteristics of this xylosidase we have determined its mode of action as it relates to non-reducing end xylose release from GlcA and Araf substituted oligoxylosides. Xyl3C cleaves xylose from the non-reducing terminus of β-1,4-xylan until occurrence of a penultimate substituted xylose. If this substitution is O2 linked, then Xyl3C removes the non-reducing xylose to leave the substituted xylose as the new non-reducing terminus. However, if the substitution is O3 linked, Xyl3C does not hydrolyze, thus leaving the substitution one-xylose (penultimate) from the non-reducing terminus. Hence, Xyl3C enables discrimination between O2 and O3 linked substitutions on the xylose penultimate to the non-reducing end. These findings are contrasted using a homologous enzyme also from S. baroniae, Xyl3B, which is found to yield a penultimate substituted nonreducing terminus regardless of which GlcA or Araf substitution exists.

This note reports the nesting of M. semitorquatus inside a human construction, adding new data on its breeding behavior and diet at the southern limit of its distribution. The study area is located in southern Brazil, about 3 km from Turvo State Park, one of the most important protected areas in southern Brazil. The area is near the Uruguay River, in the municipality of Barra do Guarita, in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The nest was made inside a human building on an abandoned farm surrounded by a fragmented landscape of forest fragments and cultivated areas. The nest was being used by a female, still incubating the eggs. After the breeding period, and once the adult and young birds left the nest, five pellets and alimentary remains were collected. The alimentary remains found in the nest were composed of bird species, rodents, and a lizard species. Among the birds, we identified three new prey species for the Collared Forest-Falcon: Patagioenas picazuro, Furnarius rufus, and Turdus sp. Therefore, we show that anthropic constructions can be used as alternative nesting sites for this species, which likely foraged in open or agricultural landscapes. These observations demonstrate that the Collared Forest-Falcon has some tolerance to modified environments, an important aspect for its conservation.

Abstract When implementing optoelectronic devices through the stacking of heterogeneous materials, considering the bandgap offset is crucial for achieving efficient carrier dynamics. In this study, the bandgap offset characteristics are investigated when n‐type gallium nitride nanowires (n‐GaN NWs) are used as electron transport layers in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3)‐based optoelectronic devices. n‐GaN NWs are grown on indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐coated glass via the plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA‐MBE) process to form the “GaN NWs‐on‐glass” platform. A MAPbI3 thin film is then spin‐coated on the GaN NWs‐on‐glass. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the valence and conduction band offsets in the MAPbI3/n‐GaN heterostructure are 2.19 and 0.40 eV, respectively, indicating a type‐II band alignment ideal for optoelectronic applications. Prototype photovoltaic devices stacking perovskite on GaN NWs‐on‐glass show excellent interfacial charge‐transfer ability, photon recycling, and carrier extraction efficiency. As a pioneering step in exploiting the diverse potential of the GaN‐on‐glass, it is demonstrated that the junction characteristics of MAPbI3/n‐GaN NW heterostructures can lead to a variety of optoelectronic device applications.

Abstract Background Restoring hand functionality is critical for fostering independence in individuals with neurological disorders. Various therapeutic approaches have emerged to address motor function restoration, with music-based therapies demonstrating notable advantages in enhancing neuroplasticity, an integral component of neurorehabilitation. Despite the positive effects observed, there remains a gap in the literature regarding implementing music treatments in neurorehabilitation, such as Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT), especially in conjunction with emerging fields like wearable devices and game-based therapies. Methods A literature search was conducted in various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library. The search was performed using a literature search methodology based on keywords. Information collected from the studies pertained to the approach used in music therapy, the design of the video games, and the types of wearable devices utilized. Results A total of 158 articles were found, including 39 from PubMed, 34 from IEEE Xplore, 48 from Scopus, 37 from ACM Digital Library, and 35 from other sources. Duplicate entries, of which there were 41, were eliminated. In the first screening phase, 152 papers were screened for title and abstract. Subsequently, 89 articles were removed if they contained at least one exclusion criterion. Sixteen studies were considered after 63 papers had their full texts verified. Conclusions The convergence of NMT with emerging fields, such as gamification and wearable devices designed for hand functionality, not only expands therapeutic horizons but also lays the groundwork for innovative, personalized approaches to neurorehabilitation. However, challenges persist in effectively incorporating NMT into rehabilitation programs, potentially hindering its effectiveness.

This review article aims to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the latest trends in adult upper limb prostheses, specifically targeting various amputation levels such as transradial, transmetacarpal, transcarpal, and transhumeral. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including IEEE Xplore, MDPI, Scopus, Frontiers, and Espacenet, covering from 2018 to 2023. After applying exclusion criteria, 49 scientific articles (33 patents and 16 commercial prostheses) were meticulously selected for review. The article offers an in-depth analysis of several critical aspects of upper limb prostheses. It discusses the evolution and current state of input control mechanisms, the number of degrees of freedom, and the variety of grips available in prostheses, all tailored according to the level of amputation. Additionally, the review delves into the selection of materials used in developing these prostheses and examines the progression of technology readiness levels. A significant focus is also placed on the evolution of prosthesis weight over the years for different amputation levels. Moreover, the review identifies and explores critical technological challenges and prospects in upper limb prostheses. Finally, the article culminates with a conclusion that encapsulates the key findings and insights on the advancements and ongoing developments in this field.

Abstract Selective spectral discrimination of visible and near‐infrared light, which accurately distinguishes different light wavelengths, holds considerable promise in various fields, such as automobiles, defense, and environmental monitoring. However, conventional imaging technologies suffer from various issues, including insufficient spatial optimization, low definition, and optical loss. Herein, a groundbreaking advancement is demonstrated in the form of a dual‐band photodiode with distinct near‐infrared‐ and visible‐light discrimination obtained via simple voltage control. The approach involves the monolithic stacking integration of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and Si semiconductors, resulting in a p‐Si/n‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester/i‐MAPbI3/p‐spiro‐MeOTAD (PNIP) device. Remarkably, the PNIP configuration can independently detect the visible and near‐infrared regions without traditional optical filters under a voltage range of 3 to −3 V. In addition, an imaging system for a prototype autonomous vehicle confirms the capability of the device to separate visible and near‐infrared light via an electrical bias and practicality of this mechanism. Therefore, this study pushes the boundaries of image sensor development and sets the stage for fabricating compact and power‐efficient photonic devices with superior performance and diverse functionality.

Corruption and informality are issues which have attracted a great amount of empirical research, since they are variables that can affect economic development in various and complex ways, with direct and indirect effects on economic growth. In this context, the objective of this investigation is to assess the impacts of corruption and informality on economic growth and productivity in countries from Latin America and the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). To achieve this, a 3SLS-GMM estimation is proposed to manage the endogeneity of the variables in the system of equations. Subsequently, a simulation analysis is conducted to quantify the impacts of increases in corruption and informality on growth and productivity, as well as the influence of human capital in counteracting these impacts. The main findings of the research are as follows: (i) corruption decreases economic growth and productivity in both groups of countries; (ii) informality negatively affects economic growth and productivity; (iii) increases in corruption and informality reduce economic growth and productivity; and (iv) human capital has a positive impact on economic growth and reduces the negative impacts of corruption and informality.

La Sierra de Guadalupe es el último reducto forestal al norte de la Ciudad de México. Para restaurar su cubierta vegetal, o al menos manejarla, es necesario conocer su desarrollo. Es un sistema con unidad por donde transita la energía en formas diferentes según la vegetación, que es el resultado más evidente de condiciones litológicas, edafológicas, climáticas, geográficas e históricas con intervención humana de diferentes tipos. Se describe el comportamiento de cubierta vegetal en la Sierra de Guadalupe en las últimas décadas a partir de la comparación del área y el perímetro de los mosaicos. También se aplicaron cuatro índices paisajísticos: un enfoque matriz-parche-corredor (Puyravaud, 2003), que expresa el cambio de la cobertura vegetal a partir de la ecuación del interés compuesto (Mikels, 2003), la detección de la fragmentación por la cercanía entre los centros de los mosaicos de cada tipo de vegetación; la relación de la disección de un paisaje, a partir de la similitud de los mosaicos, con círculos de la misma área (Bowen y Burgess, 1981), expresada por la posibilidad de que un organismo se encuentre a otro de su especie estando en sitios aleatorios del paisaje (Jaeger, 2000). Con el análisis de la matriz de transición de Markov se observa la sucesión ecológica de algunos mosaicos y también el cambio de uso de suelo forestal a urbano en la mayor parte de la Sierra. El índice de autocorrelación de Moran permite evaluar qué tan agrupados están los parches, o, dicho de otra manera, qué tan constante es el flujo de energía a través del paisaje. Para determinar los mosaicos se compraron imágenes de 1994 y 2019 de la Sierra de Guadalupe, trazando a mano alzada el perímetro de cada mosaico. Se hicieron visitas de campo a la zona de estudio para relacionar la textura y posición de cada mosaico. Se definió la Sierra de Guadalupe como un conjunto de microcuencas con una extensión de 16 813 ha. En 1994, estaban urbanizadas 8698 ha, para 2019 el concreto había cubierto 1741 ha más. Se han establecido 540 ha de bosque y plantaciones, además de las que 1670 ha que ya existían. El bosque de encino se ha extendido por las cañadas sobre 74 ha. La comunidad vegetal más importante en cuanto a extensión hacia 1994 era el matorral xerófilo, cuando representaba 16.8% de la Sierra. En 2019, el matorral xerófilo con pastizal tenía una extensión de 12.7% del total. El encinar cerrado o abierto, ecosistema más conservado y de crecimiento maduro, cubría 334 ha en 1994 y para 2019 alcanzó 410 ha. En cuanto a las masas forestales artificiales, las plantaciones de eucalipto han sido las más extendidas, pues en 1994 representaban 3.7% y 5.2% en 2019. El índice de Puyvaraud (2003) reveló un incremento de la masa forestal de 1.05% por año. Por supuesto, el dosel de la masa forestal no aumenta realmente a ese ritmo, más bien dichas masas se establecieron hasta que fueron visibles en imagen satelital como un dosel establecido. El índice de cohesión de Jaeger (2000) indica nula probabilidad (tanto en 1994 como en 2019) del encuentro de dos organismos de la misma especie hipotéticamente dispuestos al azar en el paisaje. El índice de disección (Bowen y Burgess, 1981) arroja un valor de 5.84% en 1994 y de 8.42% en 2019, lo que indica que el paisaje se ha vuelto más disperso en 3.42% con respecto a la similitud de un círculo de la misma área que todos los parches, es decir, se ha vuelto de un grano más fino. La matriz de Márkov revela las transiciones más representativas (descartando las transiciones a urbanización). Los pastizales se volvieron matorral xerófilo; los matorrales se convirtieron en bosque heterogéneo y encinar; el matorral xerófilo en plantaciones de eucalipto, los matorrales y pastizales en masas de pirul, y los matorrales y pastizales en bosquetes artificiales de pino, casuarina y cedro blanco. Se encontró una correlación de 0.5 para 1994 y de 0.06 para 2019. En general, la cubierta vegetal se ha visto afectada casi en su totalidad por causas humanas, sea con impacto ambiental negativo, como la construcción de colonias, o impacto positivo, como las reforestaciones. Los índices paisajísticos indican que, salvo las plantaciones de eucalipto, la mayoría de las comunidades forestales se han vuelto mosaicos pequeños, dispersos, y con poca área núcleo, configurando un paisaje de grano fino; asimismo, la retracción de la frontera forestal ha promovido mayor fragmentación.

Los sistemas productivos, en el contexto rural, adquieren una importancia desde la perspectiva social y económica; su abordaje como un fenómeno de estudio permite observar e identificar debilidades y oportunidades en el accionar de la actividad productiva local. Así, el sistema productivo del cantón Guano en Ecuador es un conjunto estructurado de actividades agrícolas, pecuarias y, en menor proporción, industrial. La investigación pretende determinar las estrategias de generación de unidades de negocios en la actividad productiva rural del cantón Guano, se apoya en un método de investigación no experimental, de tipo descriptivo, y asume un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. La muestra fue de 244 productores de una población de 21 851. Para la obtención de datos, se aplicó una encuesta con preguntas de tipo dicotómica, estructurada y de escala de Likert. Los resultados reflejan que la organización familiar, la inversión y los incentivos al sector productivo rural son las estrategias que contribuyen de forma significativa en el establecimiento de unidades productivas. En consecuencia, es relevante la importancia de las unidades productivas en el desarrollo rural del cantón Guano.

Despite recent advancements in prosthetic technology, lower-limb amputees often remain limited to passive prostheses, which leads to an asymmetric gait and increased energy expenditure. Developing active prostheses with effective control systems is important to improve mobility for these individuals. This study presents a machine-learning-based approach to classify five distinct locomotion tasks: ground-level walking (GWL), ramp ascent (RPA), ramp descent (RPD), stairs ascent (SSA), and stairs descent (SSD). The dataset comprises fused electromyographic (EMG) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals from twenty non-amputated and five transtibial amputated participants. EMG sensors were strategically positioned on the thigh muscles, while IMU sensors were placed on various leg segments. The performance of two classification algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) and long short-term memory (LSTM), were evaluated on segmented data. The results indicate that SVM models outperform LSTM models in accuracy, precision, and F1 score in the individual evaluation of amputee and non-amputee datasets for 80–20 and 50–50 data distributions. In the 80–20 distribution, an accuracy of 95.46% and 95.35% was obtained with SVM for non-amputees and amputees, respectively. An accuracy of 93.33% and 93.30% was obtained for non-amputees and amputees by using LSTM, respectively. LSTM models show more robustness and inter-population generalizability than SVM models when applying domain-adaptation techniques. Furthermore, the average classification latency for SVM and LSTM models was 19.84 ms and 37.07 ms, respectively, within acceptable limits for real-time applications. This study contributes to the field by comprehensively comparing SVM and LSTM classifiers for locomotion tasks, laying the foundation for the future development of real-time control systems for active transtibial prostheses.

Esta investigación analizó la forma en que se representó la discapacidad en los tres medios digitales periodísticos más leídos en el Perú (El Comercio, La República y Trome) entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2022. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque mixto. Se revisó una muestra de noticias en línea (n = 300) cuantitativamente, a través del análisis de contenido, y cualitativamente, organizando los discursos sobre la discapacidad en cuatro tipos: peligrosidad, caridad, integración y carga social. Al analizar las secciones temáticas, se evidenció que la discapacidad no se suele abordar desde un punto de vista político ni se genera mucho debate al respecto. La niñez con discapacidad apareció (26,67 %) en las noticias con función informativa. Además, de los cuatro tipos de discurso identificados, el de integración estuvo presente en más del 50 % de la muestra. El análisis bivariado mostró varios cruces estadísticamente significativos. Por ejemplo, a las personas con discapacidad psicosocial y a los hombres se les suele representar como peligrosos, mientras que el modelo de caridad prevalece al presentar personas con discapacidad física y en el diario Trome. Los resultados demuestran que se requiere incluir los descriptores demográficos de las personas para evaluar adecuadamente las representaciones de la discapacidad.

En el presente artículo se piensa la relación entre el golpe, los problemas de la re-presentación y la militarización neoliberal a través de varias imágenes, entre las que la del tanque de guerra será primordial para reflexionar acerca del origen violento del nuevo régimen económico y vital que se desplegó con el golpe. Lo anterior se enmarca desde el imaginario político de México en los años setenta, particularmente a través del régimen del presidente Luis Echeverría y su singular relación con el elemento militar. La multiplicidad de miradas mexicanas sobre el golpe chileno está mediada por las imágenes. En esa miríada de elementos, existe un resto incontable, anónimo y excesivo: lo plebeyo.

In this study, we tested the insectistatic and insecticidal effects of the ethanolic extract of stems and bark of Ficus petiolaris Kunth (Moraceae) in laboratory bioassays with an artificial diet against newly hatched larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The extract was evaluated at five different concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 ppm). The 2500 ppm extract had the strongest inhibitory effects on larval (89%) and pupal (20%) weight as well as the highest mortality (80%). The positive control, methyl parathion (Methyl Parathion®) at 1%, eliminated 100% of the fall armyworm, and the negative control (artificial diet) had a mortality of only 5%. Chemical fractionation of F. petiolaris stem and bark extract produced five fractions of FpR1-5, each of which was evaluated at 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 ppm. FpR4 presented the strongest inhibitory effect, reducing the weight of the larva and pupa by 35% and 18%, while FpR2 had the strongest insecticidal effect, with 90% mortality at 1250 ppm. The pure 8-Methoxypsoralen compound extracted from this fraction was even more effective, with 100% S. frugiperda mortality at 100 ppm. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 8-Methoxypsoralen was 67.68 ppm. Our results indicate that the F. petiolaris extract showed toxic activity against the fall armyworm, and its compound 8-Methoxypsoralen showed strong insecticidal activity at low concentrations.

Fire is one of the most significant agents of disturbance in forest ecosystems, with implications for their structure and composition. An understanding of its dynamics is essential for the delineation of forest management policies in the context of predicted climate scenarios. Based on the monthly monitoring of greenness index (NDVI) values recorded over one year at the individual crown level, this study aimed to analyze the dynamics of NDVI values for four different genera, growing in a Mexican mixed forest and subjected to a prescribed burn, relative to those of a control (unburned) treatment. The results demonstrated the general effect of burning over time on NDVI values among the genera, with Pinus showing the most significant effect, while the effect on Quercus was not significant. Tree height was related to NDVI values for Pinus and Juniperus in the burned area, where low-growing individuals responded negatively in terms of greenness index values. Further studies are still required, but we can conclude that fire plays a differential role in the dynamics of canopy activity and that tree size is an important variable. The results also contribute to our understanding of forest responses to fire disturbance, providing indicators with which to assess ecosystem stability under the threat of extreme climatic variations.

Conifer forests in Michoacán are facing climate change. Pinus devoniana Lindley, with natural distribution in the state, has shown certain adaptability, and knowing the influence of anatomy in the flow system is essential to delimit how it contributes to safety margins and water efficiency. For this, the pressure gradients in the cell lumens and their ramifications were analyzed by numerical simulations of flow throughout the real microstructure. Xylem were evaluated in radial, tangential and longitudinal directions. With the skeletonization of lumens and their constrictions, a branching system of interconnection between tracheids, ray cells, intercellular chambers, extensions, and blind pits were identified. In the simulation, the branched system bypasses the longitudinal fluid passage through the pores in membranes of pairs of pits to redirect it through the direct path branching, contributing to safety margins and water efficiency. Thus, resilience at low pressures because of the lower pressure drop in the extensions. The interface between the branching system and the cell lumens are sites of higher pressure gradient, more conducive to water-vapor formation or air leakage in the face of the lowest pressure system. The flow lines move along easy paths, regardless of the simulated flow direction. Deposits in the cell extensions were shown to be attached to the S3 layer of the cell wall, leaving the center of the duct free to flow. It is concluded that the spatial architecture of the xylem anatomy of Pinus dvoniana is a factor in the resilience at low pressures due to high water stress of the species.

To assist an individual with an amputation in regaining daily quality of life, a 2SPU-RU type parallel mechanism was developed based on ankle biomechanics. The inverse kinematic analysis of this mechanism was performed using the vector method. Subsequently, the Jacobian matrices were analyzed. The dynamic model of the mechanism was then created based on the principle of virtual work, and its theoretical solution was compared with numerical results obtained in a simulation environment. Additionally, the validity of the dynamic model and the inverse kinematics was verified by comparing theoretical and simulation results for the movements of plantarflexion–dorsiflexion, eversion–inversion, and abduction–adduction during the gait cycle.

La cachemira es una fibra de las más finas y suaves para la industria textil. Su obtención por peinado es cruenta, con hasta tres repeticiones, no acorde al bienestar animal. La esquila implica riesgo de mortandad por alta sensibilidad de las cabras a temperaturas bajas, porque debe realizarse antes de la muda primaveral. Es necesario explorar métodos de cosecha sincronizada, uniforme y con bienestar animal. Para esto se requieren investigaciones del ciclo de los folículos pilosos de cabras en Patagonia Norte, Argentina. El objetivo fue contribuir al estudio de la biología del crecimiento y desprendimiento de la fibra de cabras criollas portadoras de cachemira de Patagonia Norte y determinar los momentos óptimos para implementar métodos de cosecha. Se utilizaron cabras criollas adultas a 35° latitud sur, en sistema semi-extensivo en La Pampa. Periódicamente se tomaron muestras individuales de fibra por peinado y tricotomía en cuello, espalda, flanco y pierna. Poblacionalmente el desprendimiento de fibra fina al peinado es significativo (p < 0,05) en junio-septiembre, máximo en agosto, en coincidencia con las mayores cantidades de fibra fina y largo de mecha, mientras el diámetro medio no varía significativamente durante el año (p < 0,05). Los caprinos presentaron muda visible a partir de septiembre, completándola en octubre-enero, la mayoría comenzando por regiones de cuello y espalda. Dadas propuestas como la de Australia de esquila en julio, con este trabajo se infiere que la recolección de cachemira sin pérdidas significativas, se puede postergar de acuerdo a la variación climática hasta el mes de agosto

Abstract Background Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by dysregulation of the signaling pathway, phenotypic alteration due to fetal macrosomia or growth retardation, facial abnormalities, loose skin, cardiovascular abnormalities, and a variable degree of intellectual disability. Case presentation We describe the case of a 20-month-old male patient with fetal macrosomia and polyhydramnios, presenting psychomotor development delay and growth limitation during the first months of life. CS was diagnosed at four months of age after detecting a variant of the HRAS gene c.35G > C (p.G12A). A clinical description of his condition was recorded throughout his life, including cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders, and recurrent infections. At 20 months of age, after presenting events of marked hypotonia and generalized seizures, brain magnetic resonance revealed symmetrical lesions of the infra- and supratentorial white matter in both cerebral hemispheres, which resulted in the diagnosis of cerebral leukodystrophy. The patient had a rapid and progressive deterioration that eventually led to death. Conclusions This is the first report of a case of CS in Peru. In addition, this is a case that presented with multisystemic conditions culminating in leukodystrophy, which is a rare event according to the literature.

The loss of archaeological heritage continues today, because of both natural disasters and human-made actions. Alarmingly, a significant amount of the destruction is perpetrated by looters and illegal excavations. This problem is not a new one. However, it has increased exponentially in recent years, especially in countries which witnessed internal turmoil (i.e., the Arab Spring) but also throughout Europe. Local authorities struggle to provide adequate controls because of a lack of human resources, budget constraints or technological know-how. This paper describes a multimodal documentation and monitoring workflow applied to an archaeological site for which, due to the sensitivity of the topic, no specific details can be publicly disclosed. The techniques used include UAV aerial surveys, image-based modelling, change detection, relief visualization and GIS mapping. Thanks to the analysis of the multitemporal datasets, it was possible to assess the extension and spatial progression of illegal excavation over a two-year period.

Abstract Knowledge graphs have gained increasing popularity in the last decade in science and technology. However, knowledge graphs are currently relatively simple to moderate semantic structures that are mainly a collection of factual statements. Question answering (QA) benchmarks and systems were so far mainly geared towards encyclopedic knowledge graphs such as DBpedia and Wikidata. We present SciQA a scientific QA benchmark for scholarly knowledge. The benchmark leverages the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) which includes almost 170,000 resources describing research contributions of almost 15,000 scholarly articles from 709 research fields. Following a bottom-up methodology, we first manually developed a set of 100 complex questions that can be answered using this knowledge graph. Furthermore, we devised eight question templates with which we automatically generated further 2465 questions, that can also be answered with the ORKG. The questions cover a range of research fields and question types and are translated into corresponding SPARQL queries over the ORKG. Based on two preliminary evaluations, we show that the resulting SciQA benchmark represents a challenging task for next-generation QA systems. This task is part of the open competitions at the 22nd International Semantic Web Conference 2023 as the Scholarly Question Answering over Linked Data (QALD) Challenge.

This work has been carried out to use clove leaf oil as a composite coating component having anti-fungal properties. The mushroom growth testing was carried out with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing with variations in concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, up to 1% and obtained MIC values of clove oil found at a concentration of 0.4% in inhibiting the growth of white-rot fungi. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom is used as a weathering fungus applied in composites. The results of SSD testing showed that the growth of Ganoderma lucidum fungus began to be inhibited in composites coated with clove oil with a concentration of 0.6%.FTIR testing showed the presence of hydroxyl group (O-H), methylene group (C-H), alkenyl (C=C), and aromatic ring (C=C-C), GC-MS test results showed clove oil containing 67.40% eugenol, 17.42% beta-caryophyllene, 2.91% isopropenyl acetate, 1.56% caryophyllene oxide and 0.91% alpha-copaene. Based on research data, it shows that clove leaf oil can be used as an anti-fungal coating component in composites.

Stuttering, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, is a complex speech disorder significantly impacting individuals’ quality of life. Prior studies using electromyography (EMG) to examine orofacial muscle activity in stuttering have presented mixed results, highlighting the variability in neuromuscular responses during stuttering episodes. Fifty-five participants with stuttering and 30 individuals without stuttering, aged between 18 and 40, participated in the study. EMG signals from five facial and cervical muscles were recorded during speech tasks and analyzed for mean amplitude and frequency activity in the 5–15 Hz range to identify significant differences. Upon analysis of the 5–15 Hz frequency range, a higher average amplitude was observed in the zygomaticus major muscle for participants while stuttering (p < 0.05). Additionally, when assessing the overall EMG signal amplitude, a higher average amplitude was observed in samples obtained from disfluencies in participants who did not stutter, particularly in the depressor anguli oris muscle (p < 0.05). Significant differences in muscle activity were observed between the two groups, particularly in the depressor anguli oris and zygomaticus major muscles. These results suggest that the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms of stuttering might involve subtle aspects of timing and coordination in muscle activation. Therefore, these findings may contribute to the field of biosensors by providing valuable perspectives on neuromuscular mechanisms and the relevance of electromyography in stuttering research. Further research in this area has the potential to advance the development of biosensor technology for language-related applications and therapeutic interventions in stuttering.

En el año 2022, en la Argentina, el consumo energético del parque edilicio construido de los Sectores Residencial y Comercial-Público superó el 34 % y una parte significativa de este consumo se debe a los requerimientos para climatización. A su vez, las demandas de climatización se ven afectadas por la eficiencia energética de la envolvente edilicia, ya que a través de esta se produce el intercambio de calor entre el interior del edificio y su entorno. Este trabajo presenta la aplicación de un método de minería de datos, las reglas de asociación, para descubrir las soluciones tecnológico-constructivas más representativas presentes en la envolvente edilicia, en este caso, correspondientes a edificios destinados a la salud (Sector Comercial-Público). Para ello, es necesario identificar las distintas soluciones tecnológico-constructivas presentes en la envolvente (muros, carpinterías y techos) en los distintos edificios. Con tales datos como entrada, el algoritmo produce como resultados conjuntos de combinaciones de elementos de la envolvente que aparecen asociadas frecuentemente. A partir de estos resultados, se espera mejorar la eficiencia energética de las envolventes más representativas a partir de sugerir medidas específicas para cada terna encontrada facilitando, así, su implementación a escala masiva.

The implementation of strategies for solar energy use (SSEU) such as photovoltaic (PVS) and solar thermal systems (STS) in hospitals are alternatives for reducing conventional fuels consumption and CO2 emissions of energy-intensive buildings. However, there are barriers to the deployment of renewable energies in such buildings, which focus on technology costs and economic inventiveness. Thus, there is a need for tools that address the particularities of hospitals and that can provide new information to management authorities for the development of sustainable policies. The objective of this paper is to introduce a model for SSEU implementation in a healthcare network. For this purpose, a workflow is presented that allows the analysis of 3 levels in the health sector (healthcare network, hospital, and pavilion), where the aim is to: i. Identify hospitals with solar potential in a healthcare network, ii. Sectorize suitable surfaces in potential hospitals for SSEU implementation and iii. Determine the architectural, environmental, and economic feasibility of technologies. In this case, a healthcare network located in Micro-Región del Gran La Plata (Argentina) is selected as a case study. Based on the indexes developed, it was observed that potential hospitals are those located in peripheral areas. Then, linking critical fuel consumption values with solar radiation in the building envelope made it possible to detect suitable sectors for the installation of PVS on roofs and STS on north façades. Finally, state-subsidized energy and technology costs present an economic barrier to project implementation for hospital managers. However, by shifting the subsidy to the purchase of technologies, viable results could be achieved.

Las competencias emprendedoras están relacionadas con capacidades, destrezas, habilidades y aptitudes que posee un emprendedor, o puede adquirir, a través de procesos formativos y de capacitación. Así, el objetivo de la investigación es identificar las competencias emprendedoras en los estudiantes de la carrera de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Técnica de Oruro, Bolivia, adquiridas en los procesos de formación profesional. El tipo de investigación es descriptivo-correlacional, con diseño de campo, transeccional. Se realizó una encuesta a 290 estudiantes de pregrado, seleccionados de forma intencional. Los principales resultados establecen que el coeficiente de correlación (R) alcanza un valor de 0.153, lo que indica la existencia de una asociación entre las variables; sin embargo, el coeficiente de determinación (R2) tiene un valor de 0.024, lo que permite sostener que la relación de las variables es muy baja, siendo nada significativa la misma. Se concluye que los tipos de competencias que deben desarrollar los estudiantes para generar una cultura emprendedora son las actitudinales, como la motivación, creatividad, liderazgo, toma de decisiones y pensamiento crítico; además, de las conceptuales, como el conocimiento operativo de un negocio, comprensión de la gestión del talento humano, conocimiento de finanzas y el de marketing.

Granular information on material deprivation including financial and economic well-being among people with diabetes can better inform policy, practice and interventions to support diabetes management. The purpose of this study was to describe in-depth the state of economic burden, financial stress, and coping among people with high A1c. Data came from the 2019–2021 baseline assessment in an ongoing U.S. trial that addresses social determinants of health among people with diabetes and high A1c who report at least one financial burden or cost-related non-adherence (CRN) (n = 600). Mean age of participants was 53 years. Planning behaviors were the most common financial well-being behavior, while savings was least frequently endorsed. Nearly a quarter of participants report spending more than $300 per month out-of-pocket to manage all of their health conditions. Participants reported spending the most out-of-pocket on medications (52%), special foods (40%), doctor’s visits (27%), and blood glucose supplies (22%). Along with health insurance, these were also the most cited as sources of financial stress and where assistance. Seventy-two percent reported high levels of financial stress. Maladaptive coping was evident through CRN, and less than half engaged in adaptive coping such as talking to a doctor about cost or using a resource to address their needs. Economic burden, financial stress, and cost-related coping are highly relevant constructs among people with diabetes and high A1cs. More evidence-generation is needed for diabetes self-management programs to address sources of financial stress, facilitate behaviors to enhance financial well-being, and address unmet social needs to alleviate economic burdens.

In this research, we evaluated the aphicidal effect of the ethanolic extract of stems and bark of Ficus petiolaris Kunth (Moraceae), in laboratory bioassays in an artificial diet against apterous adult females of Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The extract was evaluated at different concentrations (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500 ppm), and the highest percentage of mortality (82%) was found at 2,500 ppm after 72 h. The positive control imidacloprid (Confial®) at 1% eliminated 100% of the aphids, and the negative control (artificial diet) only presented mortality of 4%. The chemical fractionation of the stem and bark extract of F. petiolaris yielded five fractions of FpR1-5, which were each evaluated at 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 ppm. FpR2 had the strongest aphicidal effect, with 89% mortality at 72 h at 1,000 ppm. The pure xanthotoxin compound extracted from this fraction was even more effective, with 91% aphid mortality after 72 h at 100 ppm. The lethal concentration (LC50) of xanthotoxin was 58.7 ppm (72 h). Our results indicate that the extract of F. petiolaris showed toxic activity against this aphid, and its xanthotoxin compound showed strong aphicidal activity at low concentrations.

Introducción: El síndrome de fragilidad en pacientes en diálisis puede deteriorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el síndrome de fragilidad y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en la Ciudad de México. La muestra por conveniencia incluyó a 106 pacientes del programa de diálisis peritoneal, de los cuales 62% eran hombres. Se registraron edad, estado civil, ocupación, escolaridad, índice de masa corporal, creatinina y albumina. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se evaluó con KDQOL SF-36 y la fragilidad mediante la Batería Corta de Rendimiento Físico (BCRF). Resultados: Las puntuaciones de la BCRF mostraron correlación significativa con ciertas categorías de KDQOL SF-36, como efectos de la enfermedad renal, carga de la enfermedad renal y componente físico. Las puntuaciones de la prueba de velocidad de marcha no se asociaron a ninguna categoría de KDQOL SF-36. Tampoco hubo asociaciones entre las puntuaciones obtenidos en el componente mental de KDQOL SF-36 y los de las pruebas de la BCRF. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud fue menor en los pacientes con fragilidad, edad avanzada o hipoalbuminemia. Conclusiones: Los pacientes en diálisis peritoneal tienen una alta prevalencia del síndrome de fragilidad y disminución de la calidad de vida. Además, la alta tasa de fragilidad está asociada a peor calidad de vida, especialmente en el rendimiento físico.

Globally, 2.5% of upper limb amputations are transhumeral, and both mechanical and electronic prosthetics are being developed for individuals with this condition. Mechanics often require compensatory movements that can lead to awkward gestures. Electronic types are mainly controlled by superficial electromyography (sEMG). However, in proximal amputations, the residual limb is utilized less frequently in daily activities. Muscle shortening increases with time and results in weakened sEMG readings. Therefore, sEMG-controlled models exhibit a low success rate in executing gestures. The LIBRA NeuroLimb prosthesis is introduced to address this problem. It features three active and four passive degrees of freedom (DOF), offers up to 8 h of operation, and employs a hybrid control system that combines sEMG and electroencephalography (EEG) signal classification. The sEMG and EEG classification models achieve up to 99% and 76% accuracy, respectively, enabling precise real-time control. The prosthesis can perform a grip within as little as 0.3 s, exerting up to 21.26 N of pinch force. Training and validation sessions were conducted with two volunteers. Assessed with the “AM-ULA” test, scores of 222 and 144 demonstrated the prosthesis’s potential to improve the user’s ability to perform daily activities. Future work will prioritize enhancing the mechanical strength, increasing active DOF, and refining real-world usability.

Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un modelo sistémico, construido utilizando la metodología de dinámica de sistemas, para el análisis de escenarios de consumo energético por climatización en el sector residencial. El modelo permite analizar el consumo de energía total de las viviendas y desagregado por equipamiento, aplicando medidas de eficiencia. Para la modelización del consumo para refrigeración y calefacción se tuvieron en cuenta diferentes equipos considerando para cada uno la cantidad, potencias nominales, niveles de etiquetado acordes con normas vigentes y las horas de uso promedio. Asimismo, se incluyó en el modelo la posibilidad de analizar diferentes medidas de eficiencia energética. El modelo desarrollado permite analizar la evolución temporal de la demanda energética desagregada y total del equipamiento edilicio y posibilita comparar, mediante análisis de sensibilidad, distintos escenarios, a partir de la adopción de diversas medidas tecnológicas y de eficiencia energética.

Abstract Rural enterprises are considered important for the local development of communities. The objective of the research is to identify the degree of importance of rural enterprises and the role of financial cooperatives in their financing. The deductive, descriptive method of documentary type based on Scopus and WOS data is used to identify the studies carried out in this regard. The results show that there is a restriction on credits directed to rural areas, which probably harms rural enterprises, so that financial cooperatives as part of popular and solidarity economy financial institutions can play an important role in obtaining sources. of financing for enterprises in rural environments, motivating the local development of their communities.

Los gastos de cumplimiento del vector fiscal son aquellos costos y tiempo que asume un contribuyente para cumplir con las obligaciones tributarias, el estándar del sistema tributario ecuatoriano ha implementado estrategias que motivan al cumplimiento voluntario, así como a la simplificación de procesos para disminuirlos, sin embargo, aún se presenta un elevado costo lo que afecta esencialmente a las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresa (PyMEs). La presente investigación responde a la pregunta ¿Cómo inciden los gastos del cumplimiento del vector fiscal en las utilidades de las empresas jurídicas indicadas del cantón Piñas, período 2021? El objetivo fue determinar la incidencia de los gastos del cumplimiento del vector fiscal en las utilidades de las PyMEs jurídicas del cantón Piñas, período 2021. Se utilizó el método hipotético-deductivo, de tipo descriptivo y desde un enfoque cuantitativo – cualitativo. Consideró una población de 169 Pequeñas y Medianas del cantón Piñas, y se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra de 67 negocios. Los resultados detallan que la sumatoria entre el costo interno y externo incide en la utilidad, en donde el más alto es el costo interno.

With the growing search for qualified professionals in the exact area, teaching in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) areas is gaining importance. In parallel, it appears that drones are an increasingly present reality in the civil area; however, there are few scientific studies of their application in the pedagogical environment, and their insertion is still practically nil in the school environment. Thus, this work aims to analyze the feasibility of using a set of technologies based on drones, designed based on the theory of significant learning through the use of active methodologies. The study was carried out with 30 high school students and followed a line of quali-quantitative analysis, in which the quantitative data were collected from the results obtained in a pre and post-test and the qualitative ones through recordings during the interventions, observations of the researcher, and a semi-structured press interview. Finally, a triangulation between the methodologies was carried out, looking for congruent aspects between the different techniques used. As a result, it was found that the workshops with the platform based on drones helped in the understanding, construction, and interpretation of the content covered, and it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the use of the technological set proposed in the pedagogical process and the possibility of significant learning in the STEM areas by the students.

Mental and neurological disorders are conditions that affect thoughts, emotions, behavior, and relationships. Malpighia mexicana A. Juss. is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of such disorders. This work aimed to investigate the antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects of the acetonic extract (MmAE) of M. mexicana and its fractions (F3, F4-10, F14) using the forced swimming test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), pentobarbital-induced sleep test (PBTt), and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure test (PTZt). MmAE, F3, F4-10, F14, and vehicle were administrated orally 24, 18, and 1 h prior to the evaluations. Imipramine (15 mg/kg, p.o.) was administrated 1 h prior to the evaluations as a positive control for the FST, while diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) was administrated 1 h prior to the evaluations as a positive control for the EPM, OFT, PBTt, and PTZt. MmAE had an anxiolytic effect; MmAE and F3, F4-10, and F14 showed an antidepressant effect, sedative effect, hypnotic effect, and anticonvulsant effect. Using HPLC, we identified the compounds quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (2), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (3), quercetin (4), and kaempferol (5) in MmAE and compounds (1), (2), and (3) in F14. Using GC-MS, we identified α-tocopherol, phytol, and β-amyrin in F3; β-tocopherol, phytol, β-sitosterol, and β-amyrin in F4-10; and α- tocopherol, phytol, β-sitosterol, and β-amyrin in F4-10. The neuropharmacological effects found in this work may be due to the presence of vitamins, phytosterols, terpenes, and flavonoids. This research requires further study to clarify the mechanisms of action of the identified compounds.

This review article presents an in-depth examination of research and development in the fields of rehabilitation, assistive technologies, and humanoid robots. It focuses on parallel robots designed for human body joints with three degrees of freedom, specifically the neck, shoulder, wrist, hip, and ankle. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, the Directory of Open Access Journals, and the ASME Journal. This systematic review offers an updated overview of advancements in the field from 2012 to 2023. After applying exclusion criteria, 93 papers were selected for in-depth review. This cohort included 13 articles focusing on the neck joint, 19 on the shoulder joint, 22 on the wrist joint, 9 on the hip joint, and 30 on the ankle joint. The article discusses the timeline and advancements of parallel robots, covering technology readiness levels (TRLs), design, the number of degrees of freedom, kinematics structure, workspace assessment, functional capabilities, performance evaluation methods, and material selection for the development of parallel robotics. It also examines critical technological challenges and future prospects in rehabilitation, assistance, and humanoid robots.

The vision of the orphanage is to create a society that is physically and mentally prosperous through empowering underprivileged children, progressively and professionally to form a generation of Khaira Ummah. To support this, the community service team needs to equip the orphanage children with knowledge and skills that are expected to provide creative ideas in entrepreneurship through the application of appropriate technology for the production of hand sanitizer from citronella oil. The resulting hand sanitizer has two functions as a natural hand antiseptic and mosquito repellent. The stages of this community service activity had been carried out by the methods of lectures, discussions, demonstrations, and practices. After the activities were completed, assistance and evaluation of activities were carried out. Almost all participants had been a level of understanding of all community service activities ( 90%) which included knowledge, skills, perception, and motivation. The evaluation of the activities had been carried out by 95s of participants, satisfied with this community service activity. This community Service activity had been succeeded in equipping the orphanage children and supporting the vision of the orphanage of Khaira Ummah.

Los establecimientos energo-intensivos del sector salud representan un escenario con significativas potencialidades para la aplicación de medidas de eficiencia energética. Se plantea una metodología que permite identificar y cuantificar el consumo energético, reconocer la situación técnico-constructiva de base de la edilicia construida y analizar las variables de diseño que tienen mayor incidencia en el ahorro energético y la habitabilidad, tanto a nivel global (establecimiento) como diferencial (áreas). Dicha metodología constituye una herramienta para proponer alternativas específicas de mejoramiento por área, orientadas al reciclado de la envolvente edilicia, a partir de técnicas de “diseño pasivo”. Se presenta la aplicación de la metodología a un caso de estudio de la ciudad de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Asimismo, su instrumentación permite comparar escenarios entre establecimientos de similares características, y/o replicar la metodología a establecimientos de otras regiones a partir de considerar los lineamientos de las zonas bioclimáticas de la Norma IRAM 11603.

In the framework of the IH-AT (Invisible Heritage Analysis and Technology) project, a cluster of churches ranging from the 11th to the 16th centuries, located in the Troodos Mountain range of Cyprus, designated by UNESCO as World Heritage monuments, were investigated using Non-Destructive-Techniques (NDT) (geophysical and topographic survey), 3D modelling and visualisation methods, contextualised and interpreted by art-historical and archaeological research. A geophysical survey, performed using a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), specifically aimed to confirm the presence or absence of buried features of archaeological interest at each of these sites, in particular, evidence of monastic complexes and buildings that used to surround preserved churches. This paper describes the preliminary results of this survey and some initial interpretations concerning what new information can be discerned about the now lost monastery complexes, in advance of future excavation.

Introduction: Stafne's bone cavity is a rare, radiolucent, well-demarcated anatomic variant that usually occurs in the molar region near the mandibular angle and below the canal for the inferior dental nerve. It is frequently misdiagnosed with other pathological entities. Objective: To determine the frequency of Stafne's bone cavity in panoramic radiographs of the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Service of the Teaching Dental Care Center “Cayetano Heredia”, from 2015 to 2019. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was performed on a sample of 17875 panoramic radiographs. Demographic variables such as gender, age, location and shape were considered; subsequently tables of contents were performed for data analysis. Results: Among the 17875 patients, only 24 (0.13 %) had Stafne's bone cavity, including 16 males and 8 females. The eighth decade of life presented the highest number of cases with 6 (0.4 %). The right posterior location accounted for 13 (54.17 %), the left posterior with 7 (29.17 %) and the anterior with 4 (16.67 %). The oval shape with 23 (95.83 %) and round with only 1 (4.17 %). Conclusions: The frequency of Stafne's bone cavity was 0.13 % with male sex predilection, eighth decade of life, right posterior location and oval shape.