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Las ciudades latinoamericanas se han desarrollado y densificado principalmente en zonas periféricas, algunas no aptas para ser urbanizadas, representando un riesgo para la integridad de sus moradores y creando un desequilibrio general en el territorio. La representación más clara de esta urbanización se da en los barrios autoconstruidos altamente densificados, sin infraestructura básica y carentes de espacio público de calidad, lo cual va en contravía del Derecho a la Ciudad de las comunidades vulnerables y vulneradas. El Parque La Bombonera, en el barrio Potosí, se ubica en una de las localidades más pobres y densas de Bogotá: Ciudad Bolívar. Allí se adelantan procesos de intervención urbana con la comunidad, mediante el Programa de Mejoramiento Integral de Barrios (MIB) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. No obstante, la experiencia de intervención en el territorio durante la pandemia ha generado retos e inquietudes sobre los métodos y estrategias para abordar el diseño participativo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente documento consiste en sistematizar e interpretar los procesos y avances que ha tenido este programa durante la pandemia de la Covid- 19, destacando la importancia del diseño participativo con la comunidad como columna vertebral de la intervención urbana en barrios autoconstruidos. Latin American cities have been developed and densified mainly in peripheral areas, some not suitable for urbanization, representing a risk to the integrity of their inhabitants and creating a general imbalance in the territory. The clearest representation of this urbanization occurs in highly densified self-built neighborhoods, without basic infrastructure and lacking quality public space, which goes against the Right to the City of vulnerable and vulnerated communities. La Bombonera Park, in the Potosí neighborhood, is in one of the poorest and densest counties in Bogotá: Ciudad Bolívar. Currently there, urban intervention processes are being carried out with the community, through the Comprehensive Neighborhood Improvement Program (CNIP) of the National University of Colombia. However, the experience of intervention in the territory during the pandemic has generated challenges and concerns about the methods and strategies to address participatory design. Therefore, the objective of this document is to systematize and interpret the processes and advances that the CNIP has had in La Bombonera Park during the Covid-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of participatory design with the community as the backbone of urban intervention in self-built neighborhoods.

Silvopastoral systems (SPS)—production systems integrating trees, forages, and livestock within the same land area—are recognized as critical for reducing tropical deforestation and improving livelihoods, ecosystem services, and carbon sinks. Yet, research on how scaling SPS influences forest cover changes at large geographical scales is scant. Our study delves deeper into the interlinkages between scaling SPS and deforestation. In two surveys conducted among 144 Colombian Amazon livestock producers with traditional or SPS farms, we assessed changes in herd composition between 2016 and 2020. Results showed a change in herd composition, with fewer males and more cows/heifers, suggesting a shift toward specializing in milk production, which, with the appropriate environmental incentives and safeguards, would unlikely broaden deforestation. However, interlinkages between the dairy and beef value chains suggest that extra male cattle from SPS intensification would be moved for fattening as a source of beef to new pastures at the forest border. If SPS scaling interventions in the Colombian Amazon are to be truly deforestation‐free, they need to be designed based on a clear understanding of the interlinkages between food and land systems. Therefore, policies advancing the livestock and land‐use agenda must create mechanisms that support deforestation‐free livestock intensification, based on biophysical and socioeconomic evaluations. While our research results support previous findings, indicating that silvopastoral systems offer ecological and economic benefits at farm level, they also urge that environmental safeguards be put in place to prevent possible deforestation leakage due to the aggregated effects of farm‐level changes in herd composition from broader adoption of sustainable livestock production systems.

The global community recognizes that silvopastoral systems (SPS), which are considered a form of sustainable land use, could reduce forest loss. Studies indicate that SPS can improve livelihoods, provide ecosystem services and act as carbon sinks. What has been missing from the literature, however, is how scaling SPS influences forest cover. Our research results from the Colombian Amazon point to possible unintended deforestation due to aggregated effects of farm-level changes in herd composition from broader SPS adoption with the absence of safeguards, appropriate incentives and government agencies devoted to implementing traceability of dairy and beef products to their deforestation-free origins. Our conclusions are drawn from surveying 144 livestock producers with traditional or SPS farms in Caquetá, one of the departments with the highest deforestation rates in Colombia. Land grabbing, in tandem with cattle pasture, is one of the major deforestation and conflict drivers in Colombia. We surveyed the farmers twice, both in 2016 and 2020, to determine the impact of SPS on herd composition. Our results show that surveyed SPS farmers reduced the number of male cattle and increased the number of lactating cows and calves in the herd. This suggests that these farmers specialize in producing milk, a move that constitutes a process of intensification that with the proper safeguards and incentives would unlikely broaden deforestation at the local scale. The availability of more calves and male cattle from SPS adoption, though, may exacerbate the drivers of deforestation because there is a risk that these extra calves and males would be moved to new pastures at the forest border, where they can be fattened as a source of beef. Our findings, as such, warrant a further investigation into the risk of unintended deforestation from scaling SPS and on how to mitigate that risk to make the process deforestation-free.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es estimar la oferta monetaria como variable dependiente. El estudio se llevará a cabo con más de 60 datos que han sido escogidos o extraídos de diferentes fuentes como el Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE). Para realizar dicho análisis se han implementado como principales variables explicativas: la masa económica y los depósitos a la vista.