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We highlight the need for the development of comprehensive amplitude analysis methods to further our understanding of hadron spectroscopy. Reaction amplitudes constrained by first principles of $S$-matrix theory and by QCD phenomenology are needed to extract robust interpretations of the data from experiments and from lattice calculations., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. Contribution to Snowmass 2021

It appears that there are two resonances with $J^P= 1/2^-$ quantum numbers in the energy region near the $\Lambda(1405)$ hyperon. The nature of these states is a topic of current debate. To provide further insight we use Regge phenomenology to access how these two resonances fit the established hyperon spectrum. We find that only one of these resonances is compatible with a three-quark state.

We present an unitary dispersive model for the $\eta \to 3 \pi$ decay process based upon the Khuri-Treiman equations which are solved by means of the Pasquier inversion method. The description of the hadronic final-state interactions for the $\eta \to 3\pi$ decay is essential to reproduce the available data and to understand the existing discrepancies between Dalitz plot parameters from experiment and chiral perturbation theory. Our approach incorporates substraction constants that are fixed by fitting the recent high-statistics WASA-at-COSY data for $\eta \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$. Based on the parameters obtained we predict the slope parameter for the neutral channel to be $\alpha=-0.022\pm 0.004$. Through matching to next-to-leading order chiral perturbation theory we estimate the quark mass double ratio to be $Q=21.4 \pm 0.4$., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures