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This roundtable brought together a diverse group of participants from research and practice, representing perspectives on the digitalization of society, AI legalization, AI in education, children’s development, and children-technology relations. One focus of this roundtable was on how AI technologies impact children at an early age. In northern Europe, most children have grown up in a world that is intimately connected to technology. They have been exposed to various devices, from home computers and smart-phones to digital games and social media platforms. These technologies have provided children with pre-designed interaction possibilities that are limited to the parameters set by the designers. However, with the advent of AI-powered devices, children now have the opportunity to interact with a system that can learn by input and act as an artificial companion., This report is based on the discussions and conclusions from the CRM on the topic of AI, education and children. The event took place on 19 April, 2023., TAIGA - Transdiciplinary AI

Fishbowl Panel at Humlab/Zoom., TAIGA - Trasndiciplinary AI, Umeå university

The Nonhuman in American Literary Naturalism responds to a need to expand and refine the connections among nonhuman studies and American literary naturalism and to productively expand the scholarly discourse surrounding this vital movement in American literary history. This collection focuses on that which becomes visible when the human subject is skirted, or moved off-center: in other words, the representation of nonhuman animals and other vital or inert species, things, entities, cityscapes and seascapes, that play an important part in American literary naturalism. Informed by animal studies, ecocriticism, posthumanism, new materialism, and other recent theoretical perspectives, the essays in this collection discuss early naturalist texts as well as more recent naturalistic-oriented authors., CONTRIBUTIONS BY PAUL BAGGETT; PAUL CRUMBLEY; DANIEL DUFOURNAUD; INGEMAR HAAG; RYAN HEDIGER; CARA ERDHEIM KILGALLEN; MARKKU LEHTIMÄKI; PATTI LUEDECKE; FRANCESCA RAZZI; STEPHANIE STUDZINSKI; LISA TYLER; ROB WELCH; JENCY WILSON; KARIN M. DANIELSSON AND KENNETH K. BRANDT

Föreliggande studie handlar om hur bedömning synliggörs i teknikundervisningen. För att undersöka detta lyftes frågor om hur läroplanen används, vilken typ av undervisning som bedrivs och olika former av dokumentationsverktyg. Detta undersöktes genom en kvalitativ ansats i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem yrkesverksamma tekniklärare på mellanstadiet. Empirin analyserades först utifrån von Wrights (1983) handlingsteori vilken innehåller fyra determinanter (ung. faktorer); vilja, plikt, förmåga och möjligheter, som påverkar människors handlingar. Sedan analyserades återigen utifrån en tematisk analys vilket mynnade ut i tre huvudteman; läroplanens betydelse för bedömning, undervisningens påverkan på bedömning samt dokumentation för bedömning. Resultatet visar att alla von Wrights (1983) fyra determinanter påverkar i olika grad hur bedömning i teknikämnet synliggörs. Majoriteten av lärarna anser att kunskapskraven är svårtolkade, vilket stämmer överens med tidigare forskning. Det finns en förhoppning hos lärarna om en förtydning i kommande läroplan. Svårtolkade kunskapskrav leder till en svårighet att synliggöra bedömningen i teknikämnet. Ett annat perspektiv som påverkar synliggörandet är hur lärarna väljer att lägga upp sin teknikundervisning och dess innehåll. Det finns en samstämmighet bland lärarna i studien att varva ett teoretiskt och praktiskt arbetssätt. Däremot skiljer undervisningen sig åt gällande hur återkommande tekniklektionerna är. Även hur lärarna dokumenterar sina elevers kunskaper skiljer sig, anteckningar och e-portfolion framkom som olika dokumentationsverktyg för bedömning. Något som motsäger sig tidigare forskning är huruvida en utbildning i teknik bidrar till en positiv attityd till ämnet. Föreliggande studie visar att utbildning inte är det som påverkar attityden främst utan istället är exempelvis intresse för teknikämnet något som påverkar i större grad. Därmed behöver teknikutbildningen som både lärarstudenter och elever får att

Background: Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone disease caused by mutated osteoclasts that are either in scarce abundance or have reduced efficiency. This condition leads to less bone resorption, and thus, denser, more fragile bones. Osteopetrosis leads to complications that can be severe and even fatal. Aim: To summarize the current knowledge of (a) how Osteopetrosis affects the oral health, dentition, and facial skeleton of patients with different disease subtypes, and (b) which treatmentoptions are used worldwide to treat the different orofacial complications and provide symptomrelief in the oral cavity. Methods: This review was based on published studies on oral health among patients witho steopetrosis that focused on diagnosis and treatment. Two searches were performed in PubMed, based on seven search terms: Osteopetrosis, oral, jaw, dental, craniofacial, mandible, and maxilla. After screening based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria; 30 articles were selected .Results: All 30 articles were case studies, which have a low grade of evidence. Thus, the data studied were at high risk of bias. The 30 articles included 40 patients. The most common observed complication was osteomyelitis. Conclusion: The data highlighted the importance of good oral hygiene and tissue-conservative treatment in preventing complications from infection. Osteomyelitis should be treated with acombination of surgery, antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Follow up should continue throughout life to ensure successful treatment of this chronic disease.

The primary concern of this essay is the way Nevada Barr’s Blood Lure (2002), set in Glacier National Park, handles the animal as murderer motif and the ethics that are signalled and developed in the text. Textual ethics are signalled by the park setting, the representation of grizzly bears and human–non-human relations, as well as by several intertexts. The essay argues that the novel’s ethical stance is compromised by an incompatibility of its affiliations with, on the one hand, the conventions of the detective genre and of the Anna Pigeon series, and, on the other, three different and incompatible ethical schemas: ecological ethics, as defined and discussed by Donaldson and Kymlicka, capability ethics, described by Nussbaum, and Haraway’s companion species ethics. The novel’s unwillingness to engage in a discussion regarding wild animals in captivity, and grizzly bear welfare, is found to be especially problematic.

This paper reports a study of pilots of a robotic telepresence system, exploring the relationship between the pilots' experience of physical presence, overall user experience, and task parameters. The pilots (N=12) performed a set of tasks characterized by different Task Focus (Process vs. Outcome) and Navigation Difficulty (Low vs. High); their experience was assessed by using a set of subjective rating scales. It was found that the experience of being physically present in a remote location positively correlated with self-reported gaming skills, objective indicators of navigation efficiency, as well as feelings of being safe and relaxed. No significant effects of task focus and navigation difficulty were found.

This article explores the nonhuman and its resistance to meaning-making in two short stories by the Scottish author Eric Linklater (1899–1974). Two bird characters, a gander and plover, destructively affect the lives of the human narrators but resist any attempts at interpretation. This resistance prompts place-holder interpretation strategies, notably symbolic readings. The article argues that although these stories invite such readings, they ultimately discourage them, by signalling unreliability in their character narrators and by the very physical presence of the birds. The resulting ambiguity encourages acceptance of the nonhuman characters’ alterity, which is the stories’ final ethical stance.

This article explores the nonhuman and its resistance to meaning-making in two short stories by the Scottish author Eric Linklater (1899–1974). Two bird characters, a gander and plover, destructively affect the lives of the human narrators but resist any attempts at interpretation. This resistance prompts place-holder interpretation strategies, notably symbolic readings. The article argues that although these stories invite such readings, they ultimately discourage them, by signalling unreliability in their character narrators and by the very physical presence of the birds. The resulting ambiguity encourages acceptance of the nonhuman characters’ alterity, which is the stories’ final ethical stance.

The covid-19 pandemic has severely limited the possibility for people to meet physically, which forced many individuals and organizations to employ online meetings as their predominant mode of communication. A potential problem with the unprecedentedly central role of online meetings in a wide range of everyday activities is the disruption it may cause to intersubjective experiences, an intuitive mutual understanding of the participants and their thinking of themselves as a group, a "we". To address this problem, about half a year into the pandemic we conducted an exploratory study, in which the informants (N=36) completed a survey, comprising a set of Likert scales and open-ended questions focusing on "team spirit", moment-to-moment coordination, emotions, and the sense of presence in online and physical meetings. The results indicate that online meetings may present particular challenges regarding the experience of "we-ness", and different types of online meetings can be experienced differently. Implications of the results for further research are discussed.

This co-creation study aimed to develop a smartphone self-test application for balance and leg strength in collaboration between older adults and the research team. The paper describes older participants' preferences for, and their contribution to, the application design. Technology to assess movements is available in smartphones with built-in sensors, and one of the challenges is to develop a valuable self-test for older adults. The participants contributed to the design of the application's instructions and user interface. Multiple data collection methods were used: user-test with Think aloud method, mock-ups, homework assignment as co-researcher, audio and video recordings. Qualitative content analysis with a deductive-inductive approach was used, guided by the Optimized Honeycomb model for user experience (UX) as a categorization matrix. The analysis resulted in 17 subcategories within the seven facets of the UX Honeycomb model (findable, accessible, usable, desirable, credible, useful, and valuable), and describes the older participants' preferences and experiences. The main results were participants' desire to know why, to get clear and appropriate information, and expectations of the self-test to be useful. It was feasible and valuable to develop the self-test application in co-creation with the intended user-group, in order to get direct feedback and suggestions for the development.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oromucosal disease. The N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), are a family of endogenous biologically active lipid mediators, with palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) being of particular interest here due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In this study using oral mucosa biopsies from OLP patients and healthy controls, we investigated whether NAE synthesis was mobilized in response to the inflammation associated with OLP. PTGS2 levels, coding for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were increased approximately 4-fold in OLP compared to controls and a significant increase in the ratio of PTGS2 to NAPEPLD, the latter coding for a key enzyme in NAE synthesis, was seen. This was matched by an increased ratio of COX-2-derived prostaglandins to PEA in a second patient cohort. We conclude that there is an imbalance between prostaglandins and PEA in OLP, opening up the possibility that PEA might be a useful treatment for this disorder.

Denna empiriska studie redogör för hur matematiklärare och elever vid vård- och omsorgsprogrammet beskriver synliggörandet av matematikens betydelse i elevernas kommande yrkesliv. Studien bygger på litteraturstudien ”Varför ska man kunna det här?” – en litteraturstudie om undervisningsmetoder i matematik på yrkesprogram. Studien baseras dels på tre matematiklärares beskrivningar av bedriven matematikundervisning, dels på 45 elevers beskrivningar av hur de uppfattar den givna matematikundervisningen. Beskrivningarna erhölls genom kvalitativa intervjuer med matematiklärarna samt genom en enkätundersökning vilken besvarades av eleverna. Intervjusvaren transkriberades och analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys medan enkätsvaren sammanställdes i bland annat stapeldiagram och jämfördes med matematiklärarnas beskrivningar. Ur den tematiska analysen lokaliserades både beskrivningar av karaktärsövergripande och icke karaktärsövergripande undervisning. Samtliga lärare beskriver att icke karaktärsövergripande undervisning används i större utsträckning och då främst i form av lärarledd genomgång följt av individuell räkning i matematikbok. När lärarna redogör för vad som påverkar val av undervisningsmetod ges beskrivningar av exempelvis tids- och materialbrist, ej etablerade lärarsamarbeten, skolledningens ansvar samt elevers inställning till matematik. I elevenkäten framgår att 40 % av eleverna beskriver matematik som nödvändigt i någon utsträckning i kommande yrkesliv. Cirka 46 % av eleverna beskriver att de inte får kunskap om detta på matematiklektionerna., This empirical study describes how mathematic teachers and students in the health and social care vocational program describe the visibility of the importance of mathematics in the students’ future careers. The study is based on the literature study “Why do we have to know this?” – a literature review of teaching methods in mathematics in vocational education. The study is based partly on descriptions from three mathematic teachers regarding their teaching, and partly on descriptions from 45 students of how they perceive their teaching. The descriptions were obtained through qualitative interviews with the teachers and through a survey which was answered by the students. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis, while the questionnaire was compiled in, for example, bar graphs and compared with the descriptions of the mathematics teachers. From the thematic analysis, descriptions of subject integrated methods and non-subject integrated methods were identified. All teachers describe that non-subject integrated methods were used mainly in the form of teacher-led lessons followed by individual work in the book. When the teachers report on what influences the choice of teaching method, descriptions of, for example, lack of time and material, un-established teacher collaborations, the responsibility of the school management and students' attitude to mathematics are given. The student survey shows that 40 % of the students describe mathematics as necessary to some extent in their future career. Approximately 46 % of the students describe that they are not taught this in the mathematic classroom.

Most robotic telepresence systems are severely limited in their ability to physically interact with surrounding objects. The solution we propose, "double remote control", or DRC, is to make it possible for the user controlling the telepresence robot ("the pilot"), to also remotely control objects in the robot's physical environment. This paper reports a user experience study, comparing a Wizard of Oz-style prototype of a DRC-enabled environment with a control condition, in which DRC was not enabled. The participants, who acted as either remote pilots (NP=16) or local people in the robot's proximity (NLP=16), were asked to carry out joint activities in each of these conditions. It was found that DRC had a generally positive effect on how participants, and especially pilots, performed their tasks, but the impact of DRC on the social context of interaction was mixed.

Background: Self-management is a substantial part of treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Modern digital technology, being small, available, and ubiquitous, might work well in supporting self-management. This study follows the process of developing a pilot implementation of an electronic health (eHealth) service for T2D self-management support in primary health care. The use of digital health, or eHealth, solutions for supporting self-management for patients with T2D is increasing. There are good examples of successful implementations that can serve as guides in the development of new solutions. However, when adding person-centered principles as a requirement, the examples are scarce. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore challenges that could impact the design of a person-centered eHealth service for T2D self-management support. The study included data collection from multiple sources, that is, interviews, observations, focus groups, and a Mentimeter (interactive presentation with polling) survey among stakeholders, representing various perspectives of T2D. Methods: A user-centered design approach was used to exploratively collect data from different sources. Data were collected from a workshop, interviews, and observations. The different data sources enabled a triangulation of data. Results: Results show that user needs related to an eHealth service for person-centered T2D self-management support are multifaceted and situated in a complex context. The two main user groups, patients and diabetes specialist nurses, express needs that both diverge and converge, which indicates that critical design decisions have to be made. There is also a discrepancy between the needs expressed by the potential users and the current work practice, suggesting more attention toward changing the organization of work to fully support a new eHealth service. Conclusions: A total of three overarching challenges—flexible access, reducing administrative tasks, a

Denna litteraturstudie redogör för undervisningsmetoder i matematik på yrkesförberedande program. Undervisningsmetoderna diskuteras dels utifrån hinder i relation till metoderna och dels utifrån grad av generaliserbarhet och således möjlighet att direkt tillämpa dem på olika yrkesförberedande program. De undervisningsmetoder vilka lokaliseras ur forskningslitteratur utgörs av icke-ämnesintegrerade metoder och ämnesintegrerade metoder. De icke-ämnesintegrerade metoderna utgörs bland annat av individuellt arbete i matematikbok med generella uppgifter samt undervisning via digitala läromedel där integrering mellan matematik och yrkesämnen har liten eller ingen roll. De ämnesintegrerade undervisningsmetoderna utgörs av matematikuppgifter med yrkeskontext, yrkeslektioner med matematiska inslag, arbete med matematikuppgifter vid praktik, undervisning av matematik i karaktärsinriktad miljö, yrkesautentiska uppgifter samt ämnesövergripande undervisning. I relation till dessa undervisningsmetoder återges fyra större hinder. Dessa hinder är motivationshämmande val av undervisningsmetod, kompetensbrist hos yrkes- eller matematiklärare i matematik- respektive yrkesämnet, bristande lärarsamarbete samt resursbegränsningar, This literature study describes teaching methods in mathematics in vocational education. The teaching methods are discussed partly based on obstacles in relation to the methods, and partly on the degree of generalizability and thus the possibility of directly applying them onto different vocational education programs. The teaching methods which can be found in research literature consist of non-subject integrated methods and subject integrated methods. The non-subject integrated methods are for example individual work in a mathematics book with general tasks and teaching via digital teaching materials where integration between mathematics and vocational subjects has little or no role. The subject integrated methods are mathematical tasks with vocational context, vocational lessons with mathematical elements, work on mathematical tasks in internship, teaching of mathematics in vocational-oriented environment, vocational authentic tasks and interdisciplinary teaching. In relation to these teaching methods, four major obstacles are presented. These obstacles are motivation-inhibiting choice of teaching method, vocational or mathematics teachers lack competence in either mathematics or vocational subjects, lack of teacher collaboration and resource limitations.

This volume gathers together papers presented at the conference “Ecocriticism in the Nordic Countries; Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow” held in Västerås, Sweden, in 2017, organized by the research group Ecocritical Forum at Mälardalen University. The conference, which was an attempt to survey local ecocritical activities, transcended Nordic boundaries, engaging scholars from Europe and the United States. This expansion from the local to the global mirrors the subject of the conference: ecocriticism, a cross-disciplinary field of research in the intersection of environmental issues and cultural expressions.The chapters here engage with topical issues such as the Anthropocene, sustainability in education, and civilizational critique, as well as schools of thought such as materialism, dark ecology and animal studies. The contributions discuss several types of cultural expressions, including film and other visual media, university course design and Nordic, and English language novels and poetry. This volume will attract the interest of readers from a number of different backgrounds, both in the Nordic countries and internationally., Ekokritiken i Norden -- igår, idag och imorgon.

The oral tongue is the most common site for tumours within the oral cavity. Despite intense research, there has been no improvement in the survival rate for patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) during the last decades. Differences between oral cancer patients based on ethno-geographical distribution have been reported. The present study used immunohistochemistry to evaluate commonly used markers of cancer cell phenotypes, E-cadherin, -catenin and cytokeratins 5 and 19, in 120 patients with OTSCC. To evaluate the impact of ethnicity, patients from Sweden and Italy were included. A higher proportion of Swedish patients exhibited high expression of E-cadherin in their tumours (P=0.039), and high levels of E-cadherin in Swedish OTSCC patients that had succumbed to their disease were associated with poor prognosis. These data demonstrated differences in the pathological characteristics of OTSCC between two different European populations. The findings emphasise the need to take ethnicity/geographical location of patients into account when comparing results from different studies of OTSCC.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, SCCHN, is a heterogeneous group of tumours not only concerning the site of origin but also regarding aetiology. The 5-year survival for the whole group of SCCHN tumours has not significantly improved over the last 20-25 years. Apart from tumour spread to lymph nodes, N status, gains and losses of specific chromosomes are the only factors shown to be independent prognostic markers for these tumours. Worldwide, an increasing number of people ≤ 40 years are seen being affected by tongue SCC, the most common tumour within the SCCHN group. Even without any clinical signs of metastasis, up to 30% of all tongue SCC have histologically detectable spread to lymph nodes. In this mini review, field cancerization, tumour microenvironment, the so called EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition) process and the role of viruses in development of SCCHN are discussed as well as potential new therapeutic targets. For the group of tongue SCC, with the increasing incidence seen in young patients and particularly women, new data with impact on prognosis and treatment are urgently needed. But as long as data from the analyses of several sub sites are presented as valid for the whole group of tumours, this vital point is missed.

BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory, immunological, mucocutaneous disease can affect skin, genital and oral mucosa. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is the most common noninfectious, chronic inflammatory oral disease affecting 1-2% of the general adult population. World Health Organization (WHO) classifies OLP as a potentially malignant disorder. Epstein Barr virus or human herpesvirus-4, is a member of the herpes virus family and one of the most ubiquitous viruses known to human, infecting approximately 90% of the world's adult population. The virus often infects B lymphocytes resulting in a wide spectrum of mucocutaneous and systemic diseases, ranging from mild lesions to aggressive malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of the EBV encoded RNAs EBER1 and EBER2 in oral and genital lichen planus and compare results with normal tissues in situ hybridization which is considered the golden standard for detection of EBER. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 68 biopsies, 25 oral LP, 26 genital LP, 10 oral controls and finally 7 genital controls were analysed using situ hybridization. RESULT: All samples had RNA as shown by the control slide, whereas no case contained neither EBER1 nor EBER2. CONCLUSIONS: Based on results from our study EBV is not involved in aetiology of lichen planus.