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We report the implementation of an animal sporotrichosis surveillance and control program that evaluates strategies to identify suspected and infected cats in a municipality in southeastern Brazil. All adopted measures reinforced the program, although strategies had different abilities to detect the presence of infection.

Due to their intimate relationship with human beings, animals can experience abuse, especially in the family environment. Research on the variables involved in this topic is scarce in Latin America. The objective of this study was to identify the main types of animal abuse in Brazilian municipalities and to characterize animals and perpetrators in addition to identifying the socioeconomic factors associated with the incidents. The occurrences of animal abuse were analyzed from the records of the Police Station Specialized in Fauna Crimes Investigation Department of the Civil Police of Minas Gerais operating in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from September 2016 to September 2018. Events involving cruelty to animals were categorized as active maltreatment, while acts of omission, which refer to neglected animals, were categorized as passive maltreatment, defined according to sets of nutritional, health, behavioral, and comfort indicators. Cruel crimes were the most frequently registered (45.7 %, 101/221), with intoxication and aggression being the most common types. Active maltreatment generated more deaths compared to passive maltreatment (OR: 3.900, 95 % CI: 1.873-8.588, p

An adult male puma (Puma concolor), hit by a car in an urban area, died three days later despite the therapeutic support provided. At necropsy, multiple firm nodules were identified in the gastric mucosa. The nodules were coated by an intact mucosa with a central opening from which reddish and cylindrical nematodes protruded into the lumen. Twenty-seven nematodes were retrieved for morphological and morphometric evaluations. During histopathological examination of the gastric tissue, the adult nematodes appear in longitudinal and transverse sections, surrounded by thick bands of collagen, interspersed with mixed inflammatory infiltrates. The nematodes had an eosinophilic cuticle with caudal serrated projections (bulbar type), coelomyarian musculature, pseudocoelom, and females with uterus containing numerous larvated eggs, characteristics consistent with the Cylicospirura genus. Morphologically, female nematodes had six large tricuspid teeth in the oral cavity and the vulva had an opening anterior to the esophagus–intestinal junction. Male nematodes had five pairs of small papillae near the tip of the tail. These findings were consistent with Cylicospirura felineus. This parasite should be included in the differential diagnosis of nodular gastric wall lesions in wild felids. Resumo Uma onça parda (Puma concolor) foi encontrada em uma área urbana após atropelamento e, apesar do suporte terapêutico fornecido, o animal morreu três dias depois. No exame post-mortem, múltiplos nódulos firmes foram identificados na mucosa gástrica. Os nódulos eram revestidos por mucosa intacta com um orifício central, do qual se insinuavam nematódeos cilíndricos e avermelhados. Vinte e sete nematódeos foram recuperados para avaliação morfológica e morfométrica. Na avaliação histopatológica do tecido gástrico, os nematódeos adultos apareceram em cortes longitudinais e transversais, circundados por bandas espessas de colágeno, intercaladas por infiltrado inflamatório misto. Os nematódeos eram constituídos por cutícula eosinofílica, com projeções serrilhadas voltadas caudalmente (do tipo bulbar), musculatura celomiariana, pseudoceloma e, nas fêmeas, útero com numerosos ovos larvados cujos achados foram sugestivos do gênero Cylicospirura. Morfologicamente, a cavidade bucal continha seis grandes dentes trífidos, na fêmea, a abertura da vulva era anterior à junção esôfago intestinal; e os machos tinham cinco pares de pequenas papilas próximas à ponta da cauda. Esses achados foram consistentes com Cylicospirura felineus. Este parasita deve ser incluído no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões nodulares da parede gástrica em felinos selvagens.

The aim of this study was to evaluate Leishmania vectors and investigate the environmental and climatic characteristics related to their transmission. This was a prospective eco-epidemiological study involving the systematic collection of sandflies and a canine serological survey in areas of municipality in Brazil. Blood samples from 1,752 dogs were examined to test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). An entomological evaluation was carried out using 24 light traps in the peridomicile and intradomicile areas of 12 households for 12 months. Climate variables were analyzed using a simple Spearman correlation and a spatial analysis via the fuzzy logic method and K function. The prevalence rate of canine VL was 4.1% and 7.1% in the two areas that were studied, respectively. The entomological study resulted in the capture of 431 sandflies. Most (74%) of the specimens were captured in the peridomiciliary area, and 5.6% of the samples that were analyzed using molecular biology were positive for Leishmania spp. In particular, Leishmania infantum was found in 100% of the positive samples. The spatial analysis showed that one particular area presented a higher concentration of high-density overlapping points of Lutzomyia longipalpis and seropositive dog populations, indicating a higher risk of the concomitant occurrence of both events. The results show that a parasite-reservoir-vector interface is active in the studied areas.

An epidemiological characterization of human and feline sporotrichosis was carried out between 2016 and 2018, in a high density-populated area in Brazil. Professionals were trained to identify suspect cats and notify vets to interview the owners and collect swabs of the wounds from these animals. Mycological cultures were performed, and colonies identified as Sporothrix spp. Subsequently, data regarding the outcome from suspect animals were collected. Confirmed cases of human sporotrichosis (56) were also counted and analyzed for spatial distribution. 118 positive animals were observed. The prevalence of feline sporotrichosis was 8.36 ‰ (CI 95 %, 5.38-9.55 ‰). The odds for being positive in animals that lived only partially at home were 3.02 times greater than for those cats without access to the street (OR 3.02, CI 95 % 1,96-10,43). There was no statistically significant association between environmental variables and positive diagnosis, corroborating the hypothesis that direct transmission by infected cats plays a greater role in the occurrence and continuous outbreaks of sporotrichosis in Brazil. Among the positive animals, 61.90 % (CI 95 % 58.95-64.96) died, and they had an odds to die in the next six months 6.30 times greater than negative animals (p < 0.05, OR 6.30, CI 95 % 2,79-14,42). The case fatality rate was 55.08 % in cats (CI 95 % 49.20-51.15). The cause-specific death rate was 4.6 ‰ in cats (CI 95 % 3.4-6 ‰). Only 7.62 % (CI 95 % 7.12-8.16) positive cats were treated and cured. Among dead positive animals, 29.23 % were inappropriately discarded. In the study period 56 human cases were recorded in the Barreiro region. Regions with highest prevalence of feline sporotrichosis, had greater frequencies of both human and feline cases. This is the first report on the epidemic of sporotrichosis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The free offer for treatment and veterinary care for these animals should be taken into consideration, as well as the collection and incineration of the dead ones, as measures of public health, followed by the guidance and care for the human patient.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous granulomatous disease caused by the fungus Sporothrix spp. In Brazil, S. brasiliensis is reported in regions of outbreaks and epidemics in the zoonotic form of the disease where cats play an important role in the transmission of the disease to humans. Therefore, it is important to assess how the presence of infected cats impacts the risk for sporotrichosis in humans. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial association of sporotrichosis in cats and in humans from Belo Horizonte, a Brazilian city where an epidemics of sporotrichosis occurs since the first human case register in 2015, through an inhomogeneous Poisson process model. Feline and human cases of sporotrichosis recorded between January 2016 and June 2019 were georeferenced by address and spatial point patterns were generated. Feline case intensity and human demographic density were calculated using a kernel smoothed estimate. The distance to the nearest feline case was also compute. Model parameters were estimated by Maximum Likelihood Estimate. The model validation was performed by the evaluation of partial residual, leverage and influence measure. There were 343 cases of cats and 135 human cases of sporotrichosis. The average incidence of human sporotrichosis in the period was 1.343 per 100 thousand inhabitants, which is relatively low in relation to the population, but higher than that observed in other regions in zoonotic outbreak of the disease. The southern region of the municipality has a higher intensity of feline cases. According to the fitted model, the risk for human sporotrichosis is greater when at distances very close to a feline case, with a virtually stable effect for distances greater than 1 km. Regarding the intensity of feline cases there is a gradual increase in risk as the intensity of cases increases. From the leverage analysis it was observed that the model was particularly sensitive to the occurrence of human cases in the south and east regions, places with extreme values ​​of covariates. Poisson point process model seems to be a reasonable approach in spatial epidemiology when multiple sources of infection are involved, and there is a low incidence of the disease as long as it is reasonable to assume independence between cases. Interventions for disease prevention and control in humans are suggested to encompass disease control in cats and the search for feline cases, focused on diagnosis and control, close to reported human cases.

To determine their potential role as a source of human infection, we tested domestic dogs (urban) and wild coatis (wild) in Brazil for vaccinia virus. Our findings of positive neutralizing antibodies and quantitative PCR results for 35/184 dogs and 13/90 coatis highlight a potential public health risk.

O centro de triagem de animais silvestres em Belo Horizonte (CETAS-BH) é um dos órgãos responsáveis pelo recebimento de animais silvestres em Minas Gerais (MG). O conhecimento da fauna mantida ilegal é ferramenta importante para a conservação dos animais silvestres, pois permite o aprimoramento da educação ambiental e das ações fiscalizadoras. Objetivou-se diagnosticar as espécies da fauna silvestre apreendidas ou entregues voluntariamente no CETAS-BH e analisar espacialmente sua distribuição. As espécies foram identificadas e classificadas de acordo com a chave taxonômica e o risco de extinção. Na análise descritiva espacial, foram identificadas as coordenadas geográficas dos municípios dos animais para a construção dos mapas de distribuição e de densidade de Kernel. No ano de 2011, foram recebidos 7.426 animais vivos, dos quais 91,5% eram aves, 7% répteis e 1,5% mamíferos. Verificou-se ampla variedade de espécies (166), correspondendo às aves a maioria (79,5%). As espécies mais recebidas foram Sicalis flaveola e Saltator similis. Do total de espécies recebidas, 15% estavam ameaçadas de extinção. A principal procedência foi apreensão (82,7%) e, delas, 79% foram realizadas pela Polícia Militar do Meio Ambiente. Os animais eram de 94 municípios de MG. A análise espacial identificou a Região Metropolitana de BH como o local de maior concentração de ocorrências. A partir dos resultados obtidos, espera-se o aprimoramento e a intensificação das ações de educação ambiental e de fiscalização para essas áreas específicas The wildlife rehabilitation center in Belo Horizonte (CETAS - BH) is one of the responsible for the receipt of wild animals in Minas Gerais (MG). The knowledge about the animals traffic is an important instrument for the wild species conservation as it allows the improvement of environmental education and the enforcement actions. The research aimed to diagnose the species of wildlife seized or voluntarily surrendered in CETAS-BH and analyze their spatial distribution. The species were identified and classified according to the taxonomic key and the risk of extinction. Descriptive spatial analysis identified the geographic coordinates of the cities where the animals were found to make maps showing their spatial distribution and the Kernel density. In 2011 were received 7426 live animals, 91.5 % of these birds, 7% reptiles and 1.5% mammals. It was found a range of species (166), most of them birds (79.5%). The most received species were Sicalis flaveola and Saltator similis. Fifteen percent of the species were endangered. The main category of receiving was the seizure (82.7%), and 79% of them were conducted by Environment Police. The animals were from 94 cities in the state of Minas Gerais. The spatial analysis identified the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region as the region with the highest concentration of occurrences. In this context, this study suggests the improvement and intensification of environmental education and supervision in those specific areas

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e a distribuição espacial da leishmaniose visceral em cães (LVC) do município de Juatuba, Minas Gerais, Brasil, no ano de 2010. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal por meio de coleta de amostras sanguíneas de 957 cães, definidos aleatoriamente em todos os bairros do município. No diagnóstico sorológico, foram utilizados os testes de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI) e Teste de Adsorção Enzimática (ELISA), preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Foram marcadas as coordenadas geográficas dos imóveis participantes da pesquisa para verificar a distribuição espacial dos casos caninos. A prevalência da LVC foi estimada em 10,6%, com variação de 3 a 50%, distribuída em 70,6% dos bairros do município. A distribuição espacial pode ser observada por meio da varredura de agrupamentos e obtida à demarcação das áreas de risco diferenciado perante a ocorrência da doença no município de Juatuba. Foi observado aumento de 2,80 vezes mais chances em adquirir a LVC no cluster primário. A partir deste trabalho, as ações de prevenção e controle à LVC foram feitas de acordo com a especificidade de cada localidade, para evitar a expansão da doença entre os cães e novos casos humanos em Juatuba, Minas Gerais. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs (VLD) at Juatuba city, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2010. A cross-sectional observational study was performed collecting blood samples from 957 dogs, defined randomly in all city districts. For the sorological diagnosis was used indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), recommended by the Ministry of Health. Geographical coordinates of properties that participated in the survey were marked in order to check the spatial distribution of canine cases. The VLD prevalence was estimated in 10.6%, ranging from 3% to 50.0%, distributed between 70.6% of city districts. Spatial distribution could be observed by scanning the clusters and according to the disease occurrences the demarcation of different risk areas could be obtained. There was an increase of 2.80 times more likely to acquire the VLD on the primary cluster. As of this research the prevention and control actions for VLD were made according to the specificity of each location to prevent the disease spread among dogs and new human cases.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis that greatly impacts public health, especially in developing countries. The effectiveness of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars for preventing transmission of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) by the sand fly Lutzomyia spp . in countries with high incidence of the disease, such as Brazil, remains unknown. A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of these collars in preventing infection of dogs with Leishmania infantum . Two areas were selected in a municipality endemic for VL in Brazil: an experimental area (EA) and a control area (CA). In both areas, blood samples were collected from dogs for detection of CanL. Seronegative dogs from the EA received collars impregnated with deltamethrin 4%. After six months, the dogs were retested for CanL and the incidence of the disease, the relative risk, and the effectiveness of collaring determined. In the baseline survey, 1020 dogs from the EA and 589 from the CA were examined. The prevalence calculated for EA was 4.41% (CI95% 3.27–5.91), and 7.13% (CI95% 5.25–9.59) for CA. In the second evaluation, 454 dogs from the EA and 292 from the CA were examined. The person-time incidence calculated for EA was 3.51% (CI95% 1.30–7.48), and for CA was 11.81% (CI95% 7.03–18.23). The difference between the calculated incidences was statistically significant (p = 0.009). The relative risk was 0.2972 (CI95% 0.1204-0.7339; p = 0.009), and the efficacy of the proposed measure was estimated in 70.27%. This report evaluated the effectiveness of the mass use of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars in areas of transmission of VL by Lutzomyia spp. Collaring was able to protect dogs and may represent an effective strategy that could be implemented to control infection in both dogs and humans in Brazil and perhaps other countries where Lutzomyia spp. is the main vector of the disease.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has spread rapidly across cities in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. The aim of this study was to investigate VL dynamics in a prospective cohort study of dogs in Juatuba, between 2010 and 2011, to confirm the incidence of Leishmania infantum, and to assess possible risk factors associated with infection. An observational and prospective closed cohort study was performed using serology testing in dogs, randomly selected from the whole municipality. All seronegative dogs, or dogs with inconclusive results were monitored using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) at 6-month intervals. The dog's owners completed a semi-structured questionnaire to assess possible causal factors of seroconversion, and the responses were assessed using logistic regression. The canine incidence coefficient was 206/1,000 dogs per year (CI: 178-238), and a cluster was identified in an area with a high concentration of seropositive dogs, but a low overall canine population. Large dogs were identified as a risk factor and the following variables were identified as protection factors: dogs aged over 4 years, daily peridomicile cleaning, and better socioeconomic conditions. VL is spreading over a large area in Juatuba in a short period of time. RESUMO A leishmaniose visceral (LV) expandiu-se de forma rápida e extensa pelos municípios da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Objetivou-se estudar a dinâmica da LV em uma coorte prospectiva de cães em Juatuba, entre 2010 e 2011, para verificar a incidência e fatores de risco associados à infecção por Leishmania infantum. Foi feito um estudo observacional e prospectivo de coorte fechada por meio de análise sorológica em cães selecionados aleatoriamente em todo o município, com acompanhamento semestral dos resultados soronegativos e indeterminados na imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Usou-se questionário semiestruturado junto aos proprietários de cães para avaliação da soroconversão e dos fatores determinantes a essa, por meio da regressão logística. O coeficiente de incidência canina foi de 206/1000 cães.ano (IC: 178 - 238), e foi identificado cluster em área com elevada concentração de cães soropositivos, mas com baixa densidade populacional canina. A variável cão de porte grande foi identificada como fator de risco, e as variáveis idade do cão superior a quatro anos, limpeza diária do peridomicílio e melhores condições socioeconômicas como fatores de proteção. A infecção por LV está ocorrendo em curto período de tempo e com ampla distribuição em Juatuba.

The importance of Clostridium perfringens for most wild animal species remains unclear. This study aimed to isolate and genotype C. perfringens in stool samples from free-living South American coati (Nasua nasua) in Brazil. Forty-six free-living N. nasua were trapped and stool samples were collected. Two different protocols for C. perfringens isolation were tested: direct plating onto selective agar and pre-enrichment in broth followed by plating in selective agar. Clostridium perfringens type A was isolated from 15 (32.6%) animals by direct plating and 36 (78.3%) animals by broth PE, and the rate of isolation was significantly different between these two methods (P < 0.01). Twelve of the 36 (33.3%) isolated strains by the PE protocol were positive for the β-2 toxin-encoding gene (cpb2) whereas the enterotoxin-encoding gene (cpe) and necrotic enteritis like-B toxin gene (netb) were not found. These results suggest that C. perfringens is commonly part of the microbiota of free-living coatis. Additionally, the use of a PE protocol appears to be essential for studies on C. perfringens in this species.

An adult free-ranged female maned wolf was rescued from a periurban area subject to anthropogenic disturbances in the Minas Gerais, Brazil. The animal presented poor body condition and anemia. The clinical condition rapidly deteriorated culminating in dead and a necropsy was performed. The main gross lesions were marked anemia and blood content in the intestines accompanied by many types of parasites. The protozoa Rangelia vitalii was identified by histopathological analysis predominantly within the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of capillaries of the small intestine. The lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, dermis, lungs and kidney had similar protozoal forms but with mild or moderate intensity. Rangelia vitalii was confirmed by molecular assays. Hepatozoon sp., Leishmania sp., and Entamoeba spp., apparently not related to the clinical signs were also detected. The myriad parasites found in the intestines included nematodes (Ancylostoma caninum, A. braziliensis,, Molineus sp., Pterygodermatites sp., and Trichuris sp.), cestodes (Spirometra sp.) and (acanthocephalans. To our knowledge, R. vitalii was identified in C. brachyurus for the first time. These findings emphasize the fragility of Brazilian ecosystems, especially in disturbed areas, reinforcing the necessity of efforts to preserve these areas and wild carnivores, some of which are threatened with extinction, such as the maned wolf., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Rangelia vitalii was found in Chrysocyon brachyurus, especially in small intestine. • Co-infections with other parasites were found, including some with zoonotic potential. • Anemia was likely linked to R. vitalii, Ancylostoma spp and perhaps Spirometra. • Health status of the near threatened maned wolf reflects anthropogenic disturbed of habitat.

The aim of this study is to report a case of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The animal, a 24-month-old male, was referred to the Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres (CRAS) with a history of having been run over and tibia and fibula fractures. After a surgery to repair the fractures, the ocelot underwent antibiotic therapy with two doses of sodium cefovecin, during which he presented with diarrhea. A stool sample was positive for A/B toxins by a cytotoxicity assay, and a toxigenic strain of C. difficile was isolated. No other enteropathogens were detected. The association between the history, clinical signs and laboratory exams confirmed the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. The present report confirms C. difficile as a potential pathogen for wild felids and suggests that the C. difficile-associated diarrhea should be considered in diarrhea cases, especially when the clinical signs began after antimicrobial use.

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize Clostridium difficile strains in stool samples from a wild urban mammal, a South American coati (Nasua nasua) in Brazil. Forty-six free-living N. nasua were trapped, and stool samples were collected. C. difficile was isolated from three (6.5%) sampled animals, two strains were toxigenic (A+B+CDT−, PCR ribotype 014/020 and 106) and one was non toxigenic (A−B−CDT−, PCR ribotype 053). The present work confirms that ring-tailed coati (N. nasua) could harbor C. difficile strains, including those PCR ribotypes commonly reported in C. difficile infection in humans.

Despite some case reports, the importance of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile for wild carnivores remains unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify C. perfringens and C. difficile strains in stool samples from wild carnivore species in Brazil. A total of 34 stool samples were collected and subjected to C. perfringens and C. difficile isolation. Suggestive colonies of C. perfringens were then analyzed for genes encoding the major C. perfringens toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota) and the beta-2 toxin (cpb2), enterotoxin (cpe) and NetB (netb) genes. C. difficile strains were analyzed by multiplex-PCR for toxins A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) and a binary toxin gene (cdtB) and also submitted to a PCR ribotyping. Unthawed aliquots of samples positive for C. difficile isolation were subjected to the detection of A/B toxins by a cytotoxicity assay (CTA). C. perfringens was isolated from 26 samples (76.5%), all of which were genotyped as type A. The netb gene was not detected, whereas the cpb2 and cpe genes were found in nine and three C. perfringens strains, respectively. C. difficile was isolated from two (5.9%) samples. A non-toxigenic strain was recovered from a non-diarrheic maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Conversely, a toxigenic strain was found in the sample of a diarrheic ocelot (Leopardus pardallis); an unthawed stool sample was also positive for A/B toxins by CTA, indicating a diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in this animal. The present work suggests that wild carnivore species could carry C. difficile strains and that they could be susceptible to C. difficile infection.

Introduction: Social and therapeutic effects of pets have been described in the scientific literature. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between dog ownership and reporting of morbidity, incidence of falls and quality of life of elderly living in the area of the St. Gabriel (CSSG), Health Centre, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Methods: 100 subjects aged 60 years and over were randomly selected and assigned into two groups (50 subjects each) for the presence or absence of dogs in the household. Data were collected through questionnaires, comprising two validated instruments commonly used to assess the elderly (Mini-Mental State Examination - MEEM, and Evaluation of Self-perception Health and Quality of Life Scale-WHOQOL- bref), and a third one containing questions related to socioeconomic variables - demographic, the presence of a dog in the household, the occurrence of falls in the previous year and reports of previous diseases. Data were stored and processed using the Epi Info version 6.04. Results: Frequency differences between variables were analyzed using the chi - square test (α = 5%). Most of the elderly were women, retired, married, with an elementary level of education, preserved cognition, family income between 1-3 minimum wages, and living with spouse and son. Conclusion: Dog ownership did not affect the quality of life of elderly people living in the area covered by the CSSG and was not a variable which interfered with either increased risk of falling or preventing them, so it is not associated with illness in this respect.

A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma doença negligenciada e um grave problema de saúde pública em expansão e com altas taxas de morbimortalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. Índia, Bangladesh, Sudão, Sudão do Sul, Brasil e Etiópia concentram mais de 90% da LV. No Brasil a distribuição desses casos é heterogênea sendo que em Minas Gerais, estado da região sudeste, mais de um terço dos casos brasileiros ocorreram desde a década de 90. Considerando a relevância da doença e sua distribuição espacial heterogênea, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição temporal e espacial da LV no estado de Minas Gerais no período de 2008 a 2019. Técnicas de geoprocessamento e análise espacial foram aplicadas para identificar áreas de maior risco para LV. A taxa média de incidência de LV encontrada foi de 2,0 casos/100.000 habitantes e a letalidade foi de 10,1%. Os homens com autorrelato de cor parda foram os mais acometidos (54%); os sintomas mais relatados foram: febre (90,76%), fraqueza (79,34%) e esplenomegalia (75,45%). Foi encontrada uma correlação moderada e positiva entre o risco relativo do cluster e a “taxa de analfabetismo” (ρ:0, 4320/p

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Nas últimas décadas, pesquisas científicas de todo mundo comprovaram a existência da conexão entre a crueldade contra os animais e a violência interpessoal, ou seja, a ocorrência dos maus-tratos a animais não é um fator que acontece de maneira isolada na sociedade, sendo a violência contra o animal, um fator reconhecido como sinal de problemas no ambiente familiar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os maus-tratos a animais domésticos no município de Belo Horizonte e analisar a conexão existente entre as ocorrências policiais de maus-tratos a animais domésticos e a violência interpessoal. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico observacional através da coleta de dados a partir de quatro fontes distintas, sendo elas: Delegacia Especializada de Investigação de Crimes Contra a Fauna, Divisão Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher, ao Idoso e à Pessoa com Deficiência, Superintendência de Informações e Inteligência Policial e Juizado Especial Criminal no período de 2016 a 2020 em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os registros de maus-tratos a animais evidenciaram um número de crueldade maior em comparação aos registros de omissão, sendo a intoxicação intencional e as agressões os tipos mais frequentes de maus-tratos ativo. Os maus-tratos ativo, de caráter intencional geraram mais óbitos em comparação à negligência e embora o cão seja a categoria de animais mais afetada em ambos os tipos de maus-tratos apurados neste estudo, os felinos foram mais vítimas de crimes cruéis com maior chance de irem a óbito. Mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica foram mais frequentemente vítimas por seus cônjuges ou ex-cônjuges, sendo as violências do tipo psicológica, moral e física, as mais praticadas por seus agressores. Em parte dos lares onde havia animais de estimação, estes sofriam algum tipo de maus-tratos, sendo o espancamento e agressão psicológica as formas mais frequentes. As crianças e adolescentes filhos das mulheres vítimas frequentemente sofriam violência pelos agressores da mulher e estes estavam em maior risco quando havia o consumo de álcool no ambiente familiar. Através deste estudo conclui-se que é fundamental a promoção de uma reflexão crítica em relação à maneira que a sociedade se relaciona com seus animais e de que forma eles são enxergados pelas autoridades, órgãos policiais e órgãos públicos. Os cenários de violência devem ser abordados de maneira multiprofissional e multisetorial. O entendimento por parte destes atores responsáveis por atuarem no enfrentamento das violências, seja no flagrante, na vigilância ou na punição é fundamental para que os ciclos de violência sejam quebrados. Além disso é importante para que efetivamente a realidade da violência seja abordada de forma holística - pela ótica familiar, pelo histórico do agressor, pelas vítimas diretas e indiretas, crianças e animais envolvidos e pelo contexto de vulnerabilidade que podem predispor os núcleos familiares às várias formas de violência. In the last decades, scientific researches from all over the world have proven the existence of a connection between cruelty to animals and interpersonal violence, that is, the occurrence of animal abuse is not a factor that happens in an isolated way in society, being the violence against animals, a factor recognized as a sign of problems in the family environment. The aim of this study was to describe the animal abuse in the city of Belo Horizonte and to analyze the existing connection between police occurrences of mistreatment of domestic animals and interpersonal violence. An observational epidemiological study was carried out through the collection of data from four different sources, namely: Specialized Police Station for the Investigation of Crimes Against Fauna, Specialized Division for Assistance to Women, the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities, Superintendence of Information and Police Intelligence and Special Criminal Court from 2016 to 2020 in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Records of mistreatment of animals showed a greater number of cruelty compared to records of omission, with intentional intoxication and aggression being the most frequent types of mistreatment active. Active maltreatment generated more deaths compared to neglect, and although the dog is the category of animals most affected in both types of mistreatment found in this study, felines were more victims of cruel crimes with a greater chance to die. Women who were victims of domestic violence were more frequently victims by their spouses or ex-spouses, with psychological, moral and physical violence being the most practiced by their aggressors. In part of the homes where there were pets, they suffered some kind of animal abuse, with beating and psychological aggression being the most frequent forms. The children and adolescents of the women who were victims of violence often suffered violence from the woman's aggressors and they were at greater risk when alcohol was consumed in the family environment. Through this study it is concluded that it is essential to promote a critical reflection in relation to the way that society relates to its animals and how they are seen by the authorities, police and public bodies. Violence scenarios must be approached in a multiprofessional and multisectoral manner. The understanding on the part of these actors responsible for dealing with violence, whether in the act, in surveillance or in punishment is fundamental for the cycles of violence to be broken. In addition, it is important for the reality of violence to be approached holistically - from the family's perspective, from the aggressor's history, from the direct and indirect victims, children and animals involved and from the context of vulnerability that can predispose family ambit to various forms of violence.

O Brasil é um país com relevante casuística de desastres ambientais, sejam eles naturais ou antropogênicos. Em 25 de janeiro de 2019, ocorreu o rompimento da barragem B1, da mina Córrego do Feijão, em Brumadinho – MG, culminando com a liberação de 13 milhões de metros cúbicos de lama que ocasionaram a morte de centenas de pessoas e animais. Após o incidente, ações foram implementadas pela empresa que gerenciava a barragem, conforme determinações do Ministério Público de Minas Gerais e dos órgãos ambientais. Este trabalho objetivou analisar os danos causados à fauna impactada, as ações reparadoras destinadas à mitigação destes danos e analisar a o papel do médico veterinário dentro do contexto do desastre ambiental causado pelo rompimento da Barragem BI do Córrego do Feijão, em Brumadinho (MG), no período de 25 de janeiro de 2019 a 25 de janeiro de 2020. No período do estudo, foram analisados o desenvolvimento da estrutura organizacional, a criação das instalações para atendimento à fauna, os serviços de atenção à fauna, o estabelecimento das relações de nexo causal entre o animal e o desastre, os programas de atendimento à fauna e o efetivo de profissionais médicos veterinários envolvidos nas ações relacionadas à fauna. Observou-se, dentro do total de programas de atendimento à fauna desenvolvidos em campo, que o programa prospecção de fauna terrestre representou 51,55%, sobrevoo 39,55%, atendimento veterinário 7,47%, supressão vegetal 1,16% e fauna atropelada 0,27%. O Hospital Veterinário Vale registrou 1.607 atendimentos veterinários aos animais da comunidade e 648 atendimentos veterinários aos cães do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar. A Fazenda Abrigo de Fauna registrou 1.281 atendimentos. A análise do nexo causal revelou que quase a metade dos casos (48,98%) envolveu as propriedades diretamente afetadas pelo rejeito (12,49%) ou aquelas próximas ao rejeito (8,38%) ou ao rio Paraopeba (28,11%). Observou-se a presença efetiva de médicos veterinários nas áreas operacionais voltadas à mitigação dos danos causados pelo desastre, no entanto, observaram-se poucos médicos veterinários presentes nos ambientes de tomada de decisão, sobretudo no setor de planejamento, onde este profissional estava ausente. Espera-se, com a análise dos resultados, considerar o maior envolvimento e atuação do médico veterinário em desastres ambientais configurando uma importante medida para garantir a saúde e bem-estar animal, a segurança alimentar da população humana local, o controle da disseminação de zoonoses e doenças emergentes, além da ação em conjunto com uma equipe multidisciplinar para garantir a redução dos impactos à comunidade no momento imediato a um desastre ambiental e, sobretudo, a médio e longo prazos. Brazil is a country with relevant casuistry of environmental disasters, be there natural or anthropogenic. On January 25, 2019, the B1 dam, of the Córrego do Feijão mine, broke out in Brumadinho - MG, culminating in the release of 13 million cubic meters of mud that caused the death of hundreds of people and animals. After the incident, actions were implemented by the company that managed the dam, as determined by the Prosecutor Office of Minas Gerais and environmental agencies. The objective was to analyze the damage caused to the impacted fauna, the remedial actions aimed at mitigating this damage and to analyze the role of the veterinarian within the context of the environmental disaster caused by the rupture of the B1 Dam of the Córrego do Feijão, in Brumadinho (MG), in the period from January 25, 2019 to January 25, 2020. During the study period, the development of the organizational structure, the creation of facilities for fauna care, fauna care services, the establishment of causal relationships were analyzed between the animal and the disaster, the fauna attendance programs and the number of veterinary medical professionals involved in the actions related to the fauna. It was observed, within the total of fauna assistance programs developed in the field, that the terrestrial fauna prospecting program represented 51.55%, overflight 39.55%, veterinary care 7.47%, vegetation suppression 1.16% and fauna run over 0.27%. The Vale Veterinary Hospital registered 1.607 veterinary visits to animals in the community and 648 veterinary visits to dogs of the Military Fire Brigade. The Farm Shelter of Fauna registered 1.281 calls. The analysis of the causal link revealed that almost half of the cases (48.98%) involved the properties directly affected by the tailings (12.49%) or those close to the tailings (8.38%) or the Paraopeba river (28.11 %). It was observed the effective presence of veterinarians in operational areas aimed at mitigating the damage caused by the disaster, however, there were few veterinarians present in decision-making environments, especially in the planning sector, where this professional was absent. It is expected, with the analysis of the results, to consider the greater involvement and performance of the veterinarian in environmental disasters, constituting an important measure to guarantee the health and animal welfare, the food security of the local human population, the control of the spread of zoonoses and emerging diseases, in addition to joint action with a multidisciplinary team to ensure the reduction of impacts to the community in the immediate moment of an environmental disaster and, above all, in the medium and long term.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Entre as zoonoses tropicais negligenciadas, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, encontram-se as leishmanioses, doenças de distribuição mundial. São descritas duas formas de apresentação, a Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) e a Leishmaniose Visceral (LV). Nas Américas, as leishmanioses estão presentes em 18 países e a Colômbia está entre os 10 países com maior número de casos de LTA no mundo e para LV, entre aqueles com maiores registros de casos. Com a finalidade de conhecer a situação epidemiológica das leishmanioses na Colômbia no período de 2007 a 2016, realizou-se um estudo ecológico descritivo da morbimortalidade por leishmanioses considerando os casos notificados obtidos no Sistema de Vigilância Nacional de Saúde Pública - SIVIGILA. Foram analisados e caracterizados aspectos espaciais, temporais e sociodemográficos para ambas as leishmanioses. Foram notificados no período de dez anos, 103.943 casos de leishmanioses. Desses, 99,74% de LTA, com 17 óbitos e 0,25% de LV com 5 óbitos. A maior porcentagem da população que adoecia de LTA na Colômbia tinha entre 21 e 50 anos, era do sexo masculino, etnia negro, mulato ou afro-colombiano, residente na zona rural, onde a região Central foi a responsável pelo maior número de casos notificados por ano. A incidência mais alta de LTA ocorreu no ano de 2009, com 34,28 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. Para LV, verificou-se maior frequência em indivíduos do sexo masculino, menores de cinco anos, etnia indígena e residentes na área rural, sendo a região Caribe a mais notável durante todo o período estudado, com a maior incidência observada no ano 2007 com 0,118 casos para cada 100.000 habitantes. Os padrões epidemiológicos das leishmanioses na Colômbia demonstraram variações na morbimortalidade nos últimos anos com maior acometimento da população pela LTA. O presente estudo contribuiu para melhorar a compreensão deste importante problema de saúde pública e direcionar ações de vigilância e controle específicas para as regiões de maior incidência no país. According to the World Health Organization, neglected tropical zoonoses include leishmaniasis, diseases of worldwide distribution. Two forms of presentation are described, American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). In the Americas, leishmaniasis is present in 18 countries, and Colombia is among the 10 countries with the highest number of cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in the world and for VL, among those with the highest case records. In order to know the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in Colombia from 2007 to 2016, a descriptive ecological study of morbidity and mortality by leishmaniasis was conducted considering the reported cases obtained from the National Public Health Surveillance System - SIVIGILA. Spatial, temporal and sociodemographic aspects were analyzed and characterized for both leishmaniasis. Over 10 years, 103.943 cases of leishmaniasis were reported. Of these, 99,74% of ATL, with 17 deaths and 0,25% of VL with 5 deaths. The largest percentage of the population suffering from ATL in Colombia was between 21 and 50 years old, male, black, mulatto or Afro-Colombian, living in rural areas, where the Central region was responsible for the largest number of reported cases per annum. The highest incidence of ATL occurred in 2009, with 34.28 cases per 100.000 inhabitants. For VL, there was a higher frequency in males, under five years old, indigenous and rural residents, with the Caribbean region being the most noteworthy throughout the study period, with the highest incidence observed in 2007 with 0,118 cases per 100.000 inhabitants. Epidemiological patterns of leishmaniasis in Colombia have shown variations in morbidity and mortality in recent years with greater population involvement by ATL. The present study contributed to improve the understanding of this important public health problem and to direct surveillance and control actions specific to the regions with higher incidence in the country.