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Objectives: Determine the frequency of dermatological diagnoses in preterm newborns up to 28 days of life and associated perinatal factors. Method: a cross-sectional analytical study with a convenience sample and prospective data collection, was conducted between November 2017 and August 2019. Overall, 341 preterm newborns who had been admitted to a University hospital – including those admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit – were evaluated. Results: 61 (17.9%) had less than 32 weeks gestational age (GA), with a mean GA and birth weight of 33.9 ± 2.8 weeks and 2107.8 ± 679.8g (465 to 4230g), respectively. The median age at the time of evaluation was 2.9 days (4 h to 27 days). The frequency of dermatological diagnoses was 100% and 98.5% of the sample had two or more, with an average of 4.67+1.53 dermatoses for each newborn. The 10 most frequent diagnoses were lanugo (85.9%), salmon patch (72.4%), sebaceous hyperplasia (68.6%), physiological desquamation (54.8%), dermal melanocytosis (38.7%), Epstein pearls (37.2%), milia (32.2%), traumatic skin lesions (24%), toxic erythema (16.7%), and contact dermatitis (5%). Those with GA< 28 weeks showed more traumatic injuries and abrasions, whereas those with ≥ 28 weeks had physiological changes more frequently, and those with GA between 34-366/7 weeks, had transient changes. Conclusion: Dermatological diagnoses were frequent in our sample and those with higher GA showed a higher frequency of physiological (lanugo and salmon patch) and transient changes (toxic erythema and miliaria). Traumatic lesions and contact dermatitis were among the 10 most frequent injuries, reinforcing the need to effectively implement neonatal skin care protocols, especially in preterm.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of dermatological diagnoses in preterm newborns and the associated perinatal factors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytical study with a convenience sample and prospective data collection, carried out between November 2017 and May 2018. Were examined 151 premature and late preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in a hospital of tertiary care level. The studied population was evaluated to evidence, describe and photograph the dermatological diagnoses present up to 28 days of life. RESULTS: The frequency of dermatological diagnoses was 99.3%, being the most observed: lanugo in 128 newborns (84.7%), salmon spot in 115 (76.1%), sebaceous hyperplasia in 89 (58. 9%), physiological flaking in 74 (49%), mongolian stain in 54 (35.7%), Epsteins pearl in 43 (28.4%), traumatic skin lesions in 42 (27.8%), milia cyst in 40 (26.4%), jaundice in 36 (23.8%) and toxic erythema in 20 (13.2%). Participants with a higher gestational age had a higher frequency of salmon spot, toxic erythema, mongolian spot, sebaceous hyperplasia, milia cyst and Epsteins pearl. CONCLUSION: Dermatological diagnoses were frequent and those of older gestational age had a higher frequency of physiological changes and birthmarks. Traumatic skin lesions were among the 10 most frequently observed, reinforcing the need to implement protocols for neonatal skin care, with emphasis on premature infants.