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1. The Role of Coherent Robot Behavior and Embodiment in Emotion Perception and Recognition During Human-Robot Interaction: Experimental Study

Author

Laura Fiorini, Grazia D'Onofrio, Alessandra Sorrentino, Federica Gabriella Cornacchia Loizzo, Sergio Russo, Filomena Ciccone, Francesco Giuliani, Daniele Sancarlo, and Filippo Cavallo

Subjects
Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract

BackgroundSocial robots are becoming increasingly important as companions in our daily lives. Consequently, humans expect to interact with them using the same mental models applied to human-human interactions, including the use of cospeech gestures. Research efforts have been devoted to understanding users’ needs and developing robot’s behavioral models that can perceive the user state and properly plan a reaction. Despite the efforts made, some challenges regarding the effect of robot embodiment and behavior in the perception of emotions remain open. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is dual. First, it aims to assess the role of the robot’s cospeech gestures and embodiment in the user’s perceived emotions in terms of valence (stimulus pleasantness), arousal (intensity of evoked emotion), and dominance (degree of control exerted by the stimulus). Second, it aims to evaluate the robot’s accuracy in identifying positive, negative, and neutral emotions displayed by interacting humans using 3 supervised machine learning algorithms: support vector machine, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor. MethodsPepper robot was used to elicit the 3 emotions in humans using a set of 60 images retrieved from a standardized database. In particular, 2 experimental conditions for emotion elicitation were performed with Pepper robot: with a static behavior or with a robot that expresses coherent (COH) cospeech behavior. Furthermore, to evaluate the role of the robot embodiment, the third elicitation was performed by asking the participant to interact with a PC, where a graphical interface showed the same images. Each participant was requested to undergo only 1 of the 3 experimental conditions. ResultsA total of 60 participants were recruited for this study, 20 for each experimental condition for a total of 3600 interactions. The results showed significant differences (P

Published
2024
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2. Assessing Feasibility of Cognitive Impairment Testing Using Social Robotic Technology Augmented with Affective Computing and Emotional State Detection Systems

Author

Sergio Russo, Letizia Lorusso, Grazia D’Onofrio, Filomena Ciccone, Michele Tritto, Sergio Nocco, Daniela Cardone, David Perpetuini, Marco Lombardo, Daniele Lombardo, Daniele Sancarlo, Antonio Greco, Arcangelo Merla, and Francesco Giuliani

Subjects
MMSE, social robotics, Pepper robot, human–robot interaction, older adult care, emotional state recognition, Technology
Abstract

Social robots represent a valid opportunity to manage the diagnosis, treatment, care, and support of older people with dementia. The aim of this study is to validate the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test administered by the Pepper robot equipped with systems to detect psychophysical and emotional states in older patients. Our main result is that the Pepper robot is capable of administering the MMSE and that cognitive status is not a determinant in the effective use of a social robot. People with mild cognitive impairment appreciate the robot, as it interacts with them. Acceptability does not relate strictly to the user experience, but the willingness to interact with the robot is an important variable for engagement. We demonstrate the feasibility of a novel approach that, in the future, could lead to more natural human–machine interaction when delivering cognitive tests with the aid of a social robot and a Computational Psychophysiology Module (CPM).

Published
2023
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4. Virtual Round care model in a Covid-19 Geriatric sub intensive unit

Author

Francesca Romana Greco, Grazia D’Onofrio, Filomena Ciccone, Francesco Giuliani, Sergio Russo, Silvia Villani, Daniele Sancarlo, and Antonio Greco

Subjects
Virtual Rounding, Telehealth, Psychology, Mental health, Covid-19, BF1-990, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Introduction. Telepresence provides clinicians the ability to monitor patients as well to communicate with all the members of the healthcare staff. Covid-19 Units cope with high complexity in providing care and an integration amount the care team and the patients’ relatives should be carried out to obtained successful outcomes and preventing complication. Virtual rounding (VR) has been successfully applied to cope with this task in the last 2000 years in medical units. Covid-19 patients due to safety rules may be prone to isolation and lack of communication with their family. Purpose. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of structured virtual round protocol in a geriatric Covid-19 unit on anxiety and depression for the patients and their relatives. Methodology. All the patients admitted to the geriatric Covid-19 unit from 1 February 2021 to 30 April were studied. Inclusion criteria to the study were the followings: no severe cognitive impairment (MMSE =>24) or neuro sensorial deficits; informed consent to participate to the study. Forty-nine 49 (75% of patients) met the inclusion criteria. All the subject who were found to be eligible to the study underwent a VR standard protocol of care. VR was consisted with: 1) a video call with a tablet device conducted by a psychologist that established a cooperative communication between the health care staff (nurses and MD, their relatives) at the bed sides; 2) a video call with the patient’s relatives in which it was clearly explained the standard care and the role of each healthcare member was also included. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed for the patients at baseline after the end of the protocol by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients’ relatives were investigated for depression at baseline and after the end of the protocol by the Beck Depression Inventory- Primary Care (BDI-PC). The Beck Depression Inventory for primary care has seven items with each item rated on a 4-point scale (0–3). It is scored by summing ratings for each item (range 0–21). Items are symptoms of sadness, pessimism, past failure, loss of pleasure, self-dislike, self-criticalness, and suicidal thoughts and wishes. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self- assessment scale found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety. The anxiety and depressive sub-scales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. The questionnaire comprises seven questions for anxiety and seven questions for depression, and takes 2–5min to complete. For both scales, scores less than 7 indicate non- cases, 8-10 mild, 11-14 moderate, 15-21 severe. JMP software by SAS (v.16) was used for the statistical analysis. Results. The present study included forty-nine 49 patients (67% male), mean age of 69.9 ±14.7 years with one relative for each patient. The average mean of the hospitalization for each patients was 17.6 ± 5.7 days The mean VR duration time was 60±5.5 minutes. VR showed a significant decrease in both Anxiety and depression for patients: (HADS Depression baseline 10.6 ±3.1 vs 6.9 ±2.7 end p

Published
2021
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5. On the Use of Assistive Technology during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Results and Lessons Learned from Pilot Studies

Author

Laura Fiorini, Erika Rovini, Sergio Russo, Lara Toccafondi, Grazia D’Onofrio, Federica Gabriella Cornacchia Loizzo, Manuele Bonaccorsi, Francesco Giuliani, Gianna Vignani, Daniele Sancarlo, Antonio Greco, and Filippo Cavallo

Subjects
assistive technology, social inclusion, telepresence, disinfection robot, remote monitoring, COVID-19 pandemic emergency, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

As a consequence of the COVID-19 emergency, frail citizens felt isolated because of social isolation, suspended and/or strongly reduced home assistance, and limited access to hospitals. In this sense, assistive technology could play a pivotal role in empowering frail older adults reducing their isolation, as well as in reinforcing the work of formal caregivers and professionals. In this context, the goal of this paper is to present four pilot studies—conducted from March 2020 to April 2021—to promptly react to COVID-19 by providing assistive technology solutions, aiming to (1) guarantee high-quality service to older adults in-home or in residential facility contexts, (2) promote social inclusion, and (3) reduce the virus transmission. In particular, four services, namely, telepresence service, remote monitoring service, virtual visit, and environmental disinfection, were designed, implemented, and tested in real environments involving 85 end-users to assess the user experience and/or preliminary assess the technical feasibility. The results underlined that all the proposed services were generally accepted by older adults and professionals. Additionally, the results remarked that the use of telepresence robots in private homes and residential facilities increased enjoyment reducing anxiety, whereas the monitoring service supported the clinicians in monitoring the discharged COVID-19 patients. It is also worth mentioning that two new services/products were developed to disinfect the environment and to allow virtual visits within the framework of a hospital information system. The virtual visits service offered the opportunity to expand the portfolio of hospital services. The main barriers were found in education, technology interoperability, and ethical/legal/privacy compliance. It is also worth mentioning the key role played by an appropriate design and customer needs analysis since not all assistive devices were designed for older persons.

Published
2022
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6. Hydroxytryptamine transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) is associated with delusions in Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Grazia D’Onofrio, Francesco Panza, Daniele Sancarlo, Michele Lauriola, Mariangela P. Dagostino, Giulia Paroni, Madia Lozupone, Antonio Mangiacotti, Paola Bisceglia, Carolina Gravina, Maria Urbano, Filomena Addante, Francesco Paris, Leandro Cascavilla, Antonio Greco, and Davide Seripa

Subjects
Delusions, Neuropsychiatric inventory, Alzheimer’s disease, 5-HTTLPR, Serotonin, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Serotoninergic pathways underlying delusion symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have not been fully clarified. 5-Hydroxytryptamine transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is a variable number tandem repeats in the promoter region of serotonin transporter encoding-gene affecting transcription. Methods We investigated the association of 5-HTTLPR with delusions in a total of 257 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed as AD according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. All participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation with a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment and Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Results Delusion symptoms were observed in 171 patients (66.54%). In respect to AD patients without delusions, AD patients with delusions showed a low prevalence of S-plus carriers (5-HTTLPR-L/S + 5-HTTLPR-S/S genotypes) [p

Published
2019
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7. Emotion Recognizing by a Robotic Solution Initiative (EMOTIVE Project)

Author

Grazia D’Onofrio, Laura Fiorini, Alessandra Sorrentino, Sergio Russo, Filomena Ciccone, Francesco Giuliani, Daniele Sancarlo, and Filippo Cavallo

Subjects
human-robot interaction, acceptability, non-verbal cues and expressiveness, monitoring of behaviorand internal states of humans, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Background: Emotion recognition skills are predicted to be fundamental features in social robots. Since facial detection and recognition algorithms are compute-intensive operations, it needs to identify methods that can parallelize the algorithmic operations for large-scale information exchange in real time. The study aims were to identify if traditional machine learning algorithms could be used to assess every user emotions separately, to relate emotion recognizing in two robotic modalities: static or motion robot, and to evaluate the acceptability and usability of assistive robot from an end-user point of view. Methods: Twenty-seven hospital employees (M = 12; F = 15) were recruited to perform the experiment showing 60 positive, negative, or neutral images selected in the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) database. The experiment was performed with the Pepper robot. Concerning experimental phase with Pepper in active mode, a concordant mimicry was programmed based on types of images (positive, negative, and neutral). During the experimentation, the images were shown by a tablet on robot chest and a web interface lasting 7 s for each slide. For each image, the participants were asked to perform a subjective assessment of the perceived emotional experience using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). After participants used robotic solution, Almere model questionnaire (AMQ) and system usability scale (SUS) were administered to assess acceptability, usability, and functionality of robotic solution. Analysis wasperformed on video recordings. The evaluation of three types of attitude (positive, negative, andneutral) wasperformed through two classification algorithms of machine learning: k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and random forest (RF). Results: According to the analysis of emotions performed on the recorded videos, RF algorithm performance wasbetter in terms of accuracy (mean ± sd = 0.98 ± 0.01) and execution time (mean ± sd = 5.73 ± 0.86 s) than KNN algorithm. By RF algorithm, all neutral, positive and negative attitudes had an equal and high precision (mean = 0.98) and F-measure (mean = 0.98). Most of the participants confirmed a high level of usability and acceptability of the robotic solution. Conclusions: RF algorithm performance was better in terms of accuracy and execution time than KNN algorithm. The robot was not a disturbing factor in the arousal of emotions.

Published
2022
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8. Pilots for Healthy and Active Ageing (PHArA-ON) Project: Definition of New Technological Solutions for Older People in Italian Pilot Sites Based on Elicited User Needs

Author

Grazia D’Onofrio, Laura Fiorini, Lara Toccafondi, Erika Rovini, Sergio Russo, Filomena Ciccone, Francesco Giuliani, Daniele Sancarlo, and Filippo Cavallo

Subjects
healthy and active ageing, technology, platforms with advanced services, priority needs, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Background: The Pilots for Healthy and Active Ageing (PHArA-ON) project aimsto ensure reality smart and active living for Europe’s ageing population by creating a set of integrated and highly customizable interoperable open platforms with advanced services, devices, and technologies and tools. The aim of the present study was to determine the needs and preferences of older people and their caregivers for improving healthy and active aging and guiding the technological development of thePHArA-ON system. Methods: A pre-structured interview was administered to older adults, informal caregivers and professional caregivers (including social operators) taking part in the piloting sessions. Results: Interviews were carried out in Umana Persone Social Enterprise R&D Network (UP) in Tuscany, and Ospedale Casa SollievodellaSofferenza (CSS) in Apulia. A total of 22 older adults, 22 informal caregivers, 13 professional caregivers and 4 social operators were recruited. A prioritization analysis of services, according to the stakeholder’s needs, has determined two fundamental need categories: Heath Management (i.e., stimulation and monitoring), and Socialisation (i.e., promoting social inclusion). Conclusions: The main scientific contributions to this study are the following: to design and evaluate technology in the context of healthy and active ageing, to acquire relevant knowledge on user needs to develop technologies that can handle the real life situations of older people, obtain useful insights about the attitude and availability of end-users in using technologies in clinical practice, and to provide important guidelines to improve the PHArA-ON system. Specific experimentation stages were also carried out to understand which kind of technology is more acceptable, and to obtain feedback regarding the development priority related to the impact of the proposed services. Research through fruitful and continuous interaction with the different subjects involved in the development process of the system, as well as with stakeholders, enabled the implementation of a platform which could be further and easily integrated and improved.

Published
2021
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9. Insomnia and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Elderly People: A Systematic Review

Author

Arianna Salvemini, Grazia D’Onofrio, Filomena Ciccone, Antonella Greco, Anita Tullio, Filomena Addante, Daniele Sancarlo, Gianluigi Vendemiale, Gaetano Serviddio, Francesco Ricciardi, Francesco Giuliani, and Antonio Greco

Subjects
insomnia, cognitive behavioural therapy insomnia (CBTi), information and communication technologies, quality of life, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Insomnia seems to be related to disability, risk of injury, metabolic syndrome, risk for cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, depression and impaired quality of life. Objectives: The goals in this paper was (1) to keep track of technological concepts and approaches to improve insomnia in elderly people, and (2) to define the effect that information and communication technologies (ICT) is having on patients’ care. Design: A systematic review was conducted from existing literature. Our selection criteria included: (1) age ≥ 60 years; (2) diagnosis of insomnia with the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-II), (3) CBTi (cognitive behavioural therapy insomnia), (4) use of technological tools, and (5) associations between insomnia-related variables and indices of disability, quality of life, and global clinical assessments. Data analysis: 11 articles were included. An inductive content analysis was used for data extraction. Results: Our review revealed any technological systems that could purportedly rehabilitate elderly patients with insomnia. Three categories of research were identified from the review: (1) Internet Deliver-CBTi, (2) virtual coaches, and (3) sleep technologies. Conclusions: The potential for ICT to support insomnia care at home can improve the quality of life for families and reduce health care costs and premature institutional care.

Published
2019
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10. Neurocognitive Disorders and Dehydration in Older Patients: Clinical Experience Supports the Hydromolecular Hypothesis of Dementia

Author

Michele Lauriola, Antonio Mangiacotti, Grazia D’Onofrio, Leandro Cascavilla, Francesco Paris, Giulia Paroni, Davide Seripa, Antonio Greco, and Daniele Sancarlo

Subjects
hydromolecular hypothesis, dehydration, older patients, neurocognitive disorders, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Abnormalities of water homeostasis can be early expressions of neuronal dysfunction, brain atrophy, chronic cerebrovasculopathy and neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum osmolality of subjects with cognitive impairment. One thousand and ninety-one consecutive patients attending the Alzheimer’s Evaluation Unit were evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 21-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-21), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental-ADL (IADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Exton-Smith Scale (ESS), and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). For each patient, the equation for serum osmolality developed by Khajuria and Krahn was applied. Five hundred and seventy-one patients had cognitive decline and/or depression mood (CD-DM) and 520 did not have CD-DM (control group). Patients with CD-DM were less likely to be male (p < 0.001), and were more likely to be older (p < 0.001), have a significant clear cognitive impairment (MMSE: p < 0.001), show the presence of a depressive mood (HDRS-21: p < 0.001) and have major impairments in ADL (p < 0.001), IADL (p < 0.001), MNA (p < 0.001), and ESS (p < 0.001), compared to the control group. CD-DM patients had a higher electrolyte concentration (Na+: p < 0.001; K+: p < 0.001; Cl−: p < 0.001), risk of dehydration (osmolality p < 0.001), and kidney damage (eGFR: p = 0.021), than the control group. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients showed a major risk for current dehydration (p ≤ 0.001), and dehydration was associated with the risk of developing a type of dementia, like AD or vascular dementia (VaD) (OR = 2.016, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of dehydration state was associated with ADL (p < 0.001) and IADL (p < 0.001), but independently associated with age (r2 = 0.0046, p = 0.77), ESS (r2 = 0.0052, p = 0.54) and MNA (r2 = 0.0004, p = 0.48). Moreover, younger patients with dementia were significantly more dehydrated than patients without dementia (65–75 years, p = 0.001; 76–85 years, p = 0.001; ≥86 years, p = 0.293). The hydromolecular hypothesis intends to explain the relationship between dehydration and cognitive impairment in older patients as the result of protein misfolding and aggregation, in the presence of a low interstitial fluid volume, which is a defect of the microcirculation. Defective proteins were shown to impair the amount of information in brain biomolecular mechanisms, with consequent neuronal and synaptic damage.

Published
2018
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11. Statin Treatment and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Frail Older Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Author

Alberto Pilotto, Francesco Panza, Massimiliano Copetti, Matteo Simonato, Daniele Sancarlo, Pietro Gallina, Timo Strandberg, and MPI_AGE Project Investigators

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Older adults are often excluded from clinical trials. Decision making for administration of statins to older patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is under debate, particularly in frail older patients with comorbidity and high mortality risk. We tested the hypothesis that statin treatment in older patients with DM was differentially effective across strata of mortality risk assessed by the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), based on information collected with the Standardized Multidimensional Assessment Schedule for Adults and Aged Persons (SVaMA).In this retrospective observational study, we estimated the mortality risk in 1712 community-dwelling subjects with DM ≥ 65 years who underwent a SVaMA evaluation to establish accessibility to homecare services/nursing home admission from 2005 to 2013 in the Padova Health District, Italy. Mild (MPI-SVaMA-1), moderate (MPI-SVaMA-2), and high (MPI-SVaMA-3) risk of mortality at baseline and propensity score-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of three-year mortality were calculated according to statin treatment.Higher MPI-SVaMA scores were associated with lower rates of statin treatment (MPI-SVaMA-1 = 39% vs MPI-SVaMA-2 = 36% vs MPI-SVaMA-3 = 24.9%. p

Published
2015
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12. Comparing the prognostic accuracy for all-cause mortality of frailty instruments: a multicentre 1-year follow-up in hospitalized older patients.

Author

Alberto Pilotto, Franco Rengo, Niccolò Marchionni, Daniele Sancarlo, Andrea Fontana, Francesco Panza, Luigi Ferrucci, and FIRI-SIGG Study Group

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundFrailty is a dynamic age-related condition of increased vulnerability characterized by declines across multiple physiologic systems and associated with an increased risk of death. We compared the predictive accuracy for one-month and one-year all-cause mortality of four frailty instruments in a large population of hospitalized older patients in a prospective multicentre cohort study.Methods and findingsOn 2033 hospitalized patients aged ≥ 65 years from twenty Italian geriatric units, we calculated the frailty indexes derived from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (FI-SOF), based on the cumulative deficits model (FI-CD), based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment (FI-CGA), and the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI). The overall mortality rates were 8.6% after one-month and 24.9% after one-year follow-up. All frailty instruments were significantly associated with one-month and one-year all-cause mortality. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves estimated from age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models, accounting for clustering due to centre effect, showed that the MPI had a significant higher discriminatory accuracy than FI-SOF, FI-CD, and FI-CGA after one month (areas under the ROC curves: FI-SOF = 0.685 vs. FI-CD = 0.738 vs. FI-CGA = 0.724 vs. MPI = 0.765, pConclusionsAll frailty instruments were significantly associated with short- and long-term all-cause mortality, but MPI demonstrated a significant higher predictive power than other frailty instruments in hospitalized older patients.

Published
2012
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21. Understanding Factors Associated With Psychomotor Subtypes of Delirium in Older Inpatients With Dementia

Author

Rispoli, Vincenzo, Malara, Alba, Spadea, Fausto, Di Cello, Serena, Ceravolo, Francesco, Fabiano, Francesco, Chiaradia, Giuseppe, Gabriele, Amedeo, Lenino, Peluso, Andrea, Taristano, Settembrini, Vincenzo, Capomolla, Domenico, Citrino, Antonella, Scriva, Antonietta, Bruno, Irene, Secchi, Roberto, De Martino, Eugenio, Muccinelli, Roberto, Lupi, Gerardo, Paonessa, Patrizio, Fabbri, Andrea, Passuti, Maria Teresa, Castellari, Sofia, Po, Andrea, Gaggioli, Guido, Varesi, Massimo, Moneti, Paolo, Capurso, Sebastiano, Latini, Vincenzo, Ghidotti, Stefano, Riccardelli, Francesco, Macchi, Maurizio, Rigo, Rosaria, Claudio, Pascale, Angelo, Bosio, Flavio, Cerrato, Benedetta, Bardelli, Boffelli, Stefano, Cassinadri, Angela, Franzoni, Simone, Spazzini, Elena, Andretto, Daniela, Tonini, Gabriele, Andreani, Laura, Coralli, Mirco, Balotta, Antonio, Cancelliere, Roberto, Ballardini, Giorgio, Simoncelli, Margherita, Mancini, Annarita, Strazzacapa, Mara, Fabio, Stefano, De Filippi, Francesco, Giudice, Chiara, Dentizzi, Cosimo, Azzini, Margherita, Cazzadori, Marco, Mastroeni, Valeria, Bertassello, Paolo, Claudia Benati, Helena Santana, Nesta, Elisa, Tobaldini, Chiara, Guerini, Fabio, Elena, Tambara, Mombelloni, Paolo, Fontanini, Fulvio, Gabriella, Lassa, Pizzorni, Crosio, Oliverio, Martina, Del Grosso, Luciano Luca, Giavedoni, Cristina, Bidoli, Giuliano, Mazzei, Bruno, Corsonello, Andrea, Fusco, Sergio, Vena, Silvio, De Vuono, Tommaso, Maiuri, Giorgio, Luca, Fimognari Filippo, Andrea, Arone, Giovanni, Sgrò, Rossella, Nicolazzo, Castegnaro, Eugenio, De Rosa, Salvatore, Sechi, Rossella Bazzano, Benvenuti, Enrico, Del Lungo, Ilaria, Giardini, Sante, Giulietti, Chiara, Mauro, Di Bari, Eleonora, Barghini, Martina, Paoli, Irene, Fiordelli, Riccardo, Barucci, Federica, Sgrilli, Ilaria, Del Lungo, Bertoletti, Erik, D'Amico, Ferdinando, Caronzolo, Francesco, Grippa, Alessandro, Lombardo, Giuseppina, Pipicella, Tiziana, Antonino, Saitta, Francesco, Corica, Valeria, Prestipino Giarritta, Daniela, Larosa, Domenico, Cucinotta, Giorgio, Basile, March, Albert, Nitti, Maria Teresa, Felici, Alessandro, Pavan, Silvia, Piazzani, Fabrizio, Lunelli, Alessandra, Dimori, Sergio, Margotta, Alessandro, Soglia, Tiziano, Postacchini, Demetrio, Brunelli, Roberto, Santini, Silvia, Francavilla, Monia, Macchiati, Ilenia, Sorvillo, Francesca, Giuli, Cinzia, Mecocci, Patrizia, Longo, Annalisa, Perticone, Francesco, Addesi, Desireè, Rosa, Paola Cerra, Bencardino, Giuseppe, Falbo, Tania, Grillo, Nadia, Marco, Filice, Mirella, Flippo, Fantò, Fausto, Isaia, Gianluca, Pezzilli, Stella, Bergamo, Daniele, Furno, Elisabetta, Rrodhe, Sokol, Lucarini, Simonetta, Dijk, Babette, Dall'Acqua, Francesca, Cappelletto, Francesco, Calvani, Donatella, Becheri, Dimitri, Giuseppe, Mottino, Costanza, Mitidieri, Vito, Antonio, Francesca, Bartalucci, Magherini, Lorenza, Novella, Malin, Franca, Boni, Lucia Gambardella, Paoli Martina, Valente, Carlo, Ilaria, Bracali, Alice, Foschini, Bo, Mario, Porrino, Paola, Ceci, Giacomo, Giuliana, Bottignole, Michela, Tibaldi, Eleonora, Coppo, Ettore, Evaristo, Camellini, Cinzia, Servello, Adriana, Grassi, Alessandro, Rozzini, Renzo, Tironi, Sara, Grassi, Maria Grazia, Troisi, Elio, Carlo, Caltagirone, Simona Gabriella, Di Santo, Flaminia, Franchini, Federica, Ratto, Beatrice, Pavoni, Sofia, Toniolo, Gabutto, Anna, Quazzo, Loredana, Rosatello, Annalisa, Suraci, Domenico, Tagliabue, Benedetta, Perrone, Chiara, Ferrara, Lucia, Castagna, Alberto, Tremolada, Maria Luisa, Giuseppe, Castoldi, Stefano, Barbero, Davide, Oltramonti, Piano, Simonetta, Serviddio, Gaetano, Lo Buglio, Aurelio, Gurrera, Tiziana, Merlo, Valeria, Rovai, Carla, Cotroneo, Antonino Maria, Carlucci, Rosaria, Abbaldo, Anna, Monzani, Fabio, Qasem, Ahmad Amedeo, Bini, Giacomo, Tafuto, Silvia, Galli, Giovanni, Bruni, Amalia Cecilia, Mancuso, Giovanna, Mancuso, Gerardo, Calipari, Daniela, Giuseppe Massimiliano, De Luca, Bernardini, Bruno, Corsini, Carla, Michele, Ciccarelli, Sara, Dal Farra, Cagnin, Annachiara, Fragiacomo, Federica, Pompanin, Sara, Piero, Amodio, Marco, Cagnin, Zurlo, Amedeo, Guerra, Gianluca, Pala, Marco, Menozzi, Luca, Gatti, Chiara Delli, Magon, Stefania, Roberto, Manfredini, Alfredo, De Giorgi, Fabio, Fabbian, Ruana, Tiseo, Elisa, Misurati, Benedetta, Boari, Christian, Molino, Marco, Pala, Massimo, Gallerani, Di Francesco, Vincenzo, Faccioli, Silvia, Pellizzari, Luca, Giorgia, Fontana, Barbagallo, Giuseppe, Lunardelli, Maria Lia, Martini, Emilio, Ferrari, Eleonora, Macchiarulo, Maria, Corneli, Maria, Bacci, Monica, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Anastasio, Luigi, Lo Storto, Mario Sostene, Seresin, Chiara, Simonato, Matteo, Loreggian, Michele, Cestonaro, Fausta, Durando, Mario, Latella, Raffaele, Mazzoleni, Marta, Russo, Giuseppe, Ponte, Martino, Valchera, Alessandro, Salustri, Giuseppe, Petritola, Donatella, Costa, Alfredo, Sinforiani, Elena, Cotta, Matteo Ramusino, Pizio, Renato Nicola, Cester, Alberto, Formilan, Marino, Pietro, Bonometto, Carbone, Pasqualina, Cazzaniga, Ilaria, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Cereda, Diletta, Stabile, Andrea, Xhani, Rubjona, Acampora, Roberto, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Federico, Pieruzzi, Antonio, Ciaccio, Valerio, Pontecorvi, Cesare, Burti, Zhirajr, Mokini, Giovanni, Vitale, Maria, Amigoni, Mariaelena, Sparacino, Bottacchi, Edo, Bucciantini, Elisabetta, Di Giovanni, Marco, Franchi, Fabrizio, Lucchetti, Lucio, Mariani, Claudio, Grande, Giulia, Rapazzini, Piero, Marco, Mauri, Romanelli, Giuseppe, Marengoni, Alessandra, Franco, Nicosia, Alessio, Margola, Stefano, Bonardelli, Nicola, Latronico, Laura, Porcella, Nazario, Portolani, Carlo, Concoreggi, Chiara, Grassini, Soccorso, Pronto, Andrea, Salvi, Luca, Bianchetti, Francesca, Spagnoli, Roberto, Apuzzo, Marco, Fontanella, Anna, Ceraso, Francesco, Castelli, Fugazza, Luciano, Guerrini, Chiara, De Paduanis, Giovanna, Iallonardo, Lucia, Palumbo, Pasquale, Zuliani, Giovanni, Ortolani, Beatrice, Capatti, Eleonora, Soavi, Cecilia, Bianchi, Lara, Francesconi, Daniela, Miselli, Agata, Gloria, Brombo, Tommaso, Romagnoli, Chiara, Pazzaglini, Agata, Miselli Maria, Marco, Dall'Agata, Luca, Menozzi, Gianluca, Guerra, Suardi, Teresa, Mazzone, Andrea, Zaccarini, Cinzia, Manuela, Riva, Mirra, Gianluca, Muti, Ettore, Bottura, Renato, Gianpaolo, Moretti, Secreto, Piero, Bisio, Erika, Cecchettani, Marco, Naldi, Tamara, Pallavicino, Alessandra, Pugliese, Michela, Iozzo, Rosaria Cosima, Grassi, Guido, Michele, Bombelli, Raffaella, Dell'Oro, Fosca, Quarti Trevano, Giorgio, Giussani Carlo, Giovanni, Paternò, Ernesto, Contro, Mannironi, Antonio, Giorli, Elisa, Oberti, Sara, Fierro, Brigida, Piccoli, Tommaso, Giacalone, Fabio, Mandas, Antonella, Serchisu, Luca, Costaggiu, Diego, Pinna, Elisa, Orrù, Francesca, Mannai, Martina, Cordioli, Zeno, Pelizzari, Luca, Turcato, Emanuela, Arduini, Pietro, Cacace, Carlo, Chiloiro, Roberta, Cimino, Rosella, Ruberto, Carmen, Giovanni, Ruotolo, Pietro, Gareri, Laura, Greco, Alberto, Castagna, Carmen, Ruberto, Santo, Pierluigi Dal, Andriolli, Antonino, Burattin, Giuseppe, Rossi, Laura, Andreolli Antonino, Cervati Giovanna, Giuseppe, Catalano, Tezza, Fabiana, Maddalena, Pizzardini, Laura, Stievano, Crippa, Patrizia, Aloisio, Paola, Di Monda, Tiziana, Malighetti, Alessandro, Galbassini, Gloria, Salutis, Domus, Ivaldi, Claudio, Russo, Anna Maria, Bennati, Ettore, Pino, Elisabetta, Zavarise, Gianmaria, Pesci, Alberto, Suigo, Giulia, Faverio, Paola, Andrea, Gori, Sabrina, Perego, Zanasi, Massimo, Moniello, Giovanni, Rostagno, Carlo, Cartei, Alessandro, Polidori, Gianluca, Ungar, Andrea, Melis, Maria Ramona, Martellini, Eleonora, Enrico, Mossello, Monica, Torrini, Antonella, Giordano, Giovanna, Leone, Migliorini, Marta, Caramelli, Francesca, Battiston, Bruno, Berardino, Maurizio, Cavallo, Simona, Alessandro, Massè, Anna, Santoro, Lombardi, Bruna, D'Ippolito, Pierpaolo, Furini, Angela, Villani, Daniele, Clara, Raimondi, Guarneri, Massimo, Paolucci, Stefano, Bassi, Andrea, Coiro, Paola, De Angelis, Domenico, Morone, Giovanni, Venturiero, Vincenzo, Palleschi, Lorenzo, Raganato, Paolo, Di Niro, Giuseppina, Rosa, Casini Anna, Loredana, Bove, Imoscopi, Alessandra, Isaia, Giancarlo, Tibaldi, V., Bottignole G, G., Calvi, E., Clementi, C., Zanocchi, M., Agosta, L., Nortarelli, Antonella, Provenzano, Giuseppe, Mari, Daniela, Romano, Federica Ylenia, Rosini, Francesca, Mansi, Marta, Rossi, Silvia, Geriatria, Alex Riccardelli, Inzaghi, Lorenzo, Bonini, Giulia, Rossi, Paolo, Potena, Alfredo, Lichii, Mihaela, Candiani, Tiziana, Grimaldi, William, Bertani, Emiliano, Alessandra, Porta, Calogero, Pietro, Pinto, Daniela, Bernardi, Roberto, Nicolino, Francesco, Galetti, Caterina, Gianstefani, Alice, Giulia, Corvalli, Lorenzo, Mulazzani, Odetti, Patrizio, Monacelli, Fiammetta, Prefumo, Matteo, Fiammetta, Monacelli, Canepa, Marta, Minaglia, Cecilia, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Maria Rosaria, Prestano, Raffaele, Dalise, Anna Maria, Barra, Davide, Bosco, Livio Dal, Asprinio, Vincenzo, Dallape, Luciana, Perina, Elisa, Incalzi, Raffaele Antonelli, Bartoli, Isaura Rossi, Pluderi, Alice, Maina, Antonella, Pecoraro, Elisabetta, Sciarra, Michela, Prudente, Angela, Paola, Maina, Francesca, Mete, Manuel, Ventura, Luisella, Cesari, Maria, Pernigotti Luigi, Tina, Santangelo, Benini, Lucia, Levato, Francesco, Mhiuta, Victor, Alius, Florin, Davidoaia, Diana, Giardini, Vittorio, Garancini, Mattia, Bellamoli, Claudio, Terranova, Luciano, Bozzini, Claudia, Tosoni, Paolo, Provoli, Emma, Cascone, Luisa, Dioli, Andrea, Ferrarin, Gianfranco, Bucci, Adelmo, Bua, Guido, Fenu, Sara, Bianchi, Giovanna, Casella, Silvia, Romano, Valentina, Maurizio, Poli, Mascherona, Ilenia, Belotti, Gloria, Cavaliere, Sabina, Cuni, Estella, Merciuc, Nina, Oberti, Rosella, Veneziani, Silvia, Capoferri, Emanuela, De Bernardi, Elisabetta, Colombo, Katia, Bravi, Marco, Nicoletta, Negrinotti, D'Arcangelo, Paolo, Montenegro, Nicola, Montanari, Roberto, Lamanna, Pierpaolo, Gasperini, Beatrice, Isabella, Montesi, Stefania, Diotallevi, Gaia, Altobelli, Filippo, Calcinaro, Palamà, Chiara, Di Emidio, Chiara, Scarpini, Elio, Arighi, Andrea, Fumagalli, Giorgio, Basilico, Paola, De Amicis Margherita, Migone, Marta, Mancarella, Diletta, Maira, Granata, Antonino, Ranalli, Claudia, Cammilli, Alessandra, Cavallini, Maria Chiara, Tricca, Manola, Natella, Daniela, Gabbani, Luciano, Tesi, Francesca, Martella, Letizia, Imbrici, Rosalba, Guerrini, Gianbattista, Scotuzzi, Anna Maria, Sozzi, Ferdinando, Valenti, Luigi, Chiarello, Antonino, Monia, Monella, Pilotto, Alberto, Prete, Camilla, Senesi, Barbara, Meta, Anna Cristina, Pendenza, Enrico, Pasqualetti, Giuseppe, Polini, Antonio, Tognini, Sara, Ballino, Elena, Cherubini, Antonio, Dell'Aquila, Giuseppina, Gasparrini, Pina Maria, Marotti, Elisabetta, Migale, Monica, Scrimieri, Antonia, Falsetti, Lorenzo, Salvi, Aldo, Toigo, Gabriele, Ceschia, Giuliano, Rosso, Alessia, Tongiorgi, Chiara, Scarpa, Cristina, Maurizio, Pacchioni, De Dominicis, Luigino, Pucci, Eugenio, Renzi, Sara, Cartechini, Elisabetta, Tomassini, Pia Francesca, Del Gobbo, Maurizio, Ugenti, Francesca, Romeo, Pasquale, Nardelli, Anna, Lauretani, Fulvio, Visioli, Sandra, Montanari, Ilaria, Ermini, Francesca, Giordano, Antonio, Pigato, Giorgio, Simeone, Emilio, Barbujani, Mario, Giampieri, Marina, Amoruso, Raffaele, Piccinini, Maristella, Ferrari, Camilla, Gambetti, Claudio, Sfrappini, Mario, Semeraro, Letizia, Striuli, Rinaldo, Mariani, Claudia, Pelliccioni, Giuseppe, Marinelli, Donatella, Fabi, Katia, Rossi, Tommaso, Pesallaccia, Martina, Sabbatini, Debora, Gobbi, Beatrice, Cerqua, Raffaella, Tagliani, Giancarla, Schlauser, Elena, Caser, Luciano, Caramello, Elisa, Sandigliano, Franca, Rosso, Giorgio, Ferrari, Alberto, Bendini, Chiara, Luisa, Davoli Maria, Casella, Monica, Prampolini, Raffaella, Scevola, Moreno, Vitale, Enrico, Roberto, Brugiolo, Carlo, Fagherazzi, Sergio, Fusco, Alberto, Scarpa, Daniela, Zara, Giulia, Bertozzo, Serena, Granziera, Michele, Barazzuol, Maugeri, Domenico, Sorace, Rosaria, Anzaldi, Massimiliano, De Gesu, Roberto, Morrone, Giuseppe, Davolio, Federica, Fabbo, Andrea, Palmieri, Marina, Zoli, Marco, Forti, Paola, Pirazzoli, Luca, Fabbri, Elisa, Terenzi, Laura, Bergolari, Federica, Wenter, Christian, Ruffini, Ingrid, Insam, Miriam, Abraham, Elisabeth, Kirchlechner, Christine, Cucinotta, Domenico, Antonino, Lasco, Basile, Giorgio, Grazia, Arena Maria, Parise, Pasquale, Boccali, Andrea, Amici, Serena, Gambacorta, Maurizia, Lasagni, Anna, Lovati, Roberto, Giovinazzo, Francesca, Kimak, Elzbieta, Zappa, Paolo, Medici, Francesco, Lo Castro, Marika, Mauro, Flavia, De Luca, Alessandro, Sancesario, Giuseppe, Martorana, Alessandro, Scaricamazza, Beatrice, Toniolo, Sofia, Di Lorenzo, Francesco, Liguori, Claudio, Lasco, Antonino, Vita, Natale, Giomi, Mirna, Forte, Floriana, Padovani, Alessandro, Rozzini, Luca, Ceraso, Anna, Salvatore, Caratozzolo, Cottino, Maria, Vitali, Silvia, Marelli, Eleonora, Tripi, Gabriele, Miceli, Salvatore, Urso, Giovanni, Grioni, Giuseppe, Vezzadini, Giuliana, Misaggi, Giulia, Forlani, Chiara, Avanzi, Stefano, Serena, Saulle, Claudia, Casarini, Marilena, Viggiano, Alberto, Luisa, Diego, Ghianda, Alessandro, Giordano, Iemolo, Francesco, Giordano, Antonello, Sanzaro, Enzo, D'Asta, Gabriele, Proietto, Maria, Carnemolla, Anna, Razza, Grazia, Spadaro, Daniela, Bertolotti, Marco, Mussi, Chiara, Neviani, Francesca, Roberto, Chiesa, Valentina, Guerzoni, Linda, Morselli, Francesca, Venturelli, Tarozzi, Adriano, Balestri, Francesca, Mannarino, Giulio, Bigolari, Michela, Natale, Alessia, Grassi, Simona, Bottaro, Cinzia, Stefanelli, Sara, Bovone, Ugo, Tortorolo, Umberto, Quadri, Roberto, Leone, Giuseppe, Ponzetto, Maria, Frasson, Paola, Annoni, Giorgio, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Bruni, Adriana, Confalonieri, Roberto, Corsi, Maurizio, Moretti, Daniela, Teruzzi, Fabiola, Umidi, Simona, Mazzola, Paolo, Perego, Sabrina, Persico, Ilaria, Olivieri, Giulia, Bonfanti, Alessandra, Hajnalka, Szabò, Galeazzi, Marianna, Massariello, Francesca, Anzuini, Alessandra, Caffarra, Paolo, Barocco, Federica, Spallazzi, Marco, Paolo, Ceda Gian, Simonetta, Morganti, Andrea, Artoni, Chioatto, Paolo, Bortolamei, Sandra, Soattin, Lucia, Ruotolo, Giovanni, Beneamino, Borelli, Giuseppe, Barilaro, Bertazzoli, Marco, Rota, Elisabetta, Adobati, Annamaria, Scarpa, Alberto, Granziera, Serena, Zuccher, Paola, Fabbro, Angela Dal, Zara, Daniela, Lo Nigro, Ambra, Franchetti, Lorena, Toniolo, Marika, Marcuzzo, Cinzia, Rollone, Marco, Guerriero, Fabio, Sgarlata, Carmelo, Massè, Alessandro, Zatti, Giovanni, Piatti, Massimiliano, Graci, Jole, Benati, Giuseppe, Boschi, Federica, Biondi, Mario, Fiumi, Nicoletta, Erika, Tamburini, Locatelli, Sergio Mario, Mauri, Sabrina, Beretta, Mauro, Margheritis, Laura, Desideri, Giovanbattista, Liberatore, Ester, Carucci, Anna Cecilia, Bonino, Paolo, Caput, Margherita, Antonietti, Maria Paola, Polistena, Giuseppe, De la Pierre, Franz, Mari, Marcello, Massignani, Paola, Tombesi, Fabio, Selvaggio, Fabio, Verbo, Brunella, Bodoni, Paolo, Marchionni, Niccolò, Mossello, Enrico, Sabatini, Tony, Mussio, Eleonora, Magni, Eugenio, Bianchetti, Angelo, Crucitti, Andrea, Titoldini, Giulia, Cossu, Beatrice, Fascendini, Sara, Licini, Cristina, Tomasoni, Angela, Calderazzo, Massimo, Daniela, Tropiano, Valentina, Laganà, Melotti, Rita Maria, Lilli, Albina, Buda, Simona, Adversi, Marco, Noro, Gabriele, Turco, Renato, Ubezio, M Chiara, Mantovani, Anna Roberta, Viola, Maria Cristina, Serrati, Carlo, Pretta, Stefano, Infante, Maria, Gentile, Simona, Morandi, Alessandro, D'Ambrosio, Viviana, Mazzanti, Paolo, Brambilla, Cristina, Sportelli, Silvia, Platto, Caterina, Faraci, Bianca, Quattrocchi, Daniela, Pernigotti, Luigi Maria, Pisu, Cristina, Sicuro, Francesca, Zagnoni, Piergiuseppe, Ghiglia, Stefania, Mosca, Massimiliano, Corazzin, Ileana, Deola, Mariangela, Biagini, Carlo Adriano, Bencini, Francesca, Cantini, Claudia, Tonon, Elisabetta, Pierinelli, Silvia, Onofrj, Marco, Thomas, Astrid, Filomena, Borbone, Bonanni, Laura, Gabriella, Cacchiò, Comi, Giancarlo, Magnani, Giuseppe, Santangelo, Roberto, Mazzeo, Salvatore, Giuseppe, Magnani, Francesca, Caso, Giordano, Cecchetti, Roberto, Sant'Angelo, Barbieri, Cristina, Giroldi, Liviana, Bandini, Fabio, Masina, Marco, Malservisi, Simona, Cicognani, Annalena, Ricca, Laura, Piccininni, Maristella, Tassinari, Tiziana, Brogi, Davide, Sugo, Annalisa, Alessandra, Filippi, Sonia, Manfredi, Valerio, Vanni, Andrea, Usai Carlo, Enrico, Colombo, Vera, Renna Francesca, Assunta, Sauchella, Gianmaria, Zavarise, Mauro, Prete, Pietro, Bisagni, Roberto, Masini, Salvatore, Carrabetta, Barone, Antonella, Razzano, Monica, Giuseppe, Imperoli, Angela, Bini, Francesco, Serra, Valeria, D'Agostino, Federico, Gianolla, Lucia, Pietrangeli, Antonella, Velardi, Elisabetta, Di Cello, Cristina, Rosati, Nadia, Casali, Maria, Sessa, Luciano, Abruzzi, Chiara, Costanzi, Bini, Paolo, Pignata, Michele, Enrico, Buonagurio, Maria, Vollery, Giovanni, Carrieri, Giorgio, Cioni, Andrea, Toschi, Marco, Metra, Piera, Ranieri, Alberto, Zucchelli, Ceccon, Anna, Magrin, Laura, Marin, Sara, Barbara, Sofia, Marco, Masina, Laura, Ghedini, Matteo, Moroni, Marco, Paragona, Caterina, Pallotti Maria, Carla, Rota, Federica, Gottardi, Clara, Tomasoni, Melania, Cappuccio, Giampaolo, Bonini, Stefano, Guerini, Valeria, Guerini, Lucia, Merla, Giovambattista, Desideri, Ester, Liberatore, Cecilia, Carucci Anna, Maurizio, Tovaglieri, Vera, Renna Frandesca, Nadia, Bongiorni, Grillo, Antonio, Arenare, Francesca, Tonino, Mineo, David, Kanah, Giorgio, Vianello Piero, Ubaldo, Balducci, Vincenzo, Sidoti, Stefano, Montanari, Marino, Formilan, Busonera Flavio, Murelli Teodolindo, Paolo, Albanese, Monica, Maselli, Francesco, Bolzetta, Roberto, Fabris, Paolo, Bonino, DuranteMangoni, Emanuele, Testoni, Michela, Fabio, Di Stefano, Loredana, Seccia, Valeria, Sonzini, Fabiano, Maria, Annabella, Di Giorgio, Salvatore, De Cosmo, Greco, Antonio, Grazia, D'Onofrio, Daniele, Sancarlo, Gianluca, Resta, Renzo, Girardello, Sergio, Minervini, Morena, Boni, Vitali, Mariagrazia, Marina, Pizzoni, Paolo, De Colle, Cristina, Scarpa, Alessandra, Frattola, Orlandini, Francesco, La Regina, Micaela, Desirée, Addesi, Mirella, Filippo, Mario, Bo, Paola, Porrino, Padulo, Filomena, Cristina, Margheriti, Dario, Rolano, Giancarla, Moscatelli, Guido, Radaelli, Elena, Montini, Prete, Cosimo, Marileda, Novello, Igor, Bramuzzo, Nicole, Bertin, Elena, Rinaldo, Paolillo, Ciro, Riccardi, Angela, Claudia, Benedetti, Barbara, Rizzi, Francesca, Montagna, Silvia, Vitali, Chiara, Cutaia, Oliver, Baca, Mauro, Colombo, Eleonora, Marelli, Giuseppe, Procino, Rosaria, Tararà, Maria, Cottino, Davide, Dell'Acqua, Stefania, Cislaghi, Marco, Cairati, Massimo, Porta, Luca, Scaglione, Martina, De Feo, Paola, Vertolli, Lia, Salvati, Sandro, Cinotti, Valentina, De Santis, Erminia, Biferi, Paola, Cheli, Romina, Rebizzo, Minisola, Salvatore, Luciano, Colangelo, Pasquale, Abete, Ilaria, Liguori, Francesca, Curcio, Guglielmo, Spassini, Marco, Engheben, Sara, Rotunno, Paola, Arosio, Claudio, Angelini, Francesco, Reggiani, Alessandro, Cappelli, Simona, Marcheselli, Lara, Fratticci, Paola, Ranzani, Simonetta, Cesarini, Antonella, Cerini, Generoso, Uomo, Fernando, Gallucci, Giuliano, Ceschia, Emanuela, Serra, Mariolina, Sola, Alessandro, Delitala, Chiara, Pes, Giulia, Lobianco, Alessandro, Giani, Famularo, Simone, Sandini, Marta, Pinotti, Enrico, Gianotti, Luca, Antonella, Battuello, Giulia, Pintore, Sante, Giardini, Rossi, Andrea, Rubele, Sofia, Sant, Selena, Marco, Vignati, Danila, Clerici, Fabio, Rosa, Bandirali, Maria Pia, Nicoletta, Cattaneo, Laura, Boffi, Paolo, Tosoni, Luciano, Terranova, Leonello, Avalli, Margherita, Scanziani, Stefania, De Notaris, Pierluigi, Del Santo, Laura, Rossi, Fabiana, Tezza, Giovanna, Cervati, Antonino, Andreolli, Felice, Catalano, Giuseppe, Burattin, Danilo, Fogli, Giovanna, Di Bella, Francesco, Landi, Salini, Sara, Angela, Brunetti Maria, Giorgetta, Cappa, Giovanni, Galvagno, Paola, Cena, Gerardo, Bruno, Silvio, Raspo, Letizia, Semeraro, Sabrina, Pedrotti, Davide, Barra, Rosaria, Rizzo Maria, Maria, Dalise Anna, Raffaele, Prestano, Palmieri, Vincenzo Ostilio, Palasciano, Giuseppe, Belfiore, Anna, Portincasa, Piero, Carlo, Sabbà, Vincenzo, Solfrizzi, Alessia, D'introno, Valiani, Vincenzo, Carolina, Bologna, Tiziana, Ciarambino, Paola, Turelli, Ugo, Pazzaglia, Federica, Rodella, Giacomo, Piana, Castellano, Maurizio, Anna, Garelli, Elisa, Casella, Federica, Campana, Antonietta, Coschignano Maria, Luigi, Marinangeli, Fabio, Lorico, Salvatore, Bazzano, Giuseppe, Menculini, Gelosa, Giorgio, Viviana, Ambrogio Teresa, Piras, Valentina, Andrea, Ciricugno, Alessandra, Bollari, Coen, Daniele, Magliola, Renata, Milanesio, Deborah, Muzzulini, Carlo Lorenzo, Paolo, Fogliacco, Marinella, Turla, Sofia, Cotelli Maria, Marta, Bianchi, Siano, Pietro, Capo, Giuseppe, Napoletano, Rosa, Cecilia, Politi, Mancini, Concetta, Del Buono, Corrado, De Bartolomeo, Giuseppe, Addolorata, Martinelli, Carmen, Cefalogli, Roberto, Cozzi, Giovanni, Virtuani Angelo, Moschettini, Gianfilippo, Franco, Mastroianni, Daniela, Roglia, D'Amico, Gabriella, Mirella, Palella, Endrizzi, Cristina, Trotta, Lucia, Ciarambino, Tiziana, Orazio, Zanetti, Emanuela, Terazzi, Marta, Sacchetti, Thomas, Fleetwood, Giacomo, Tondo, Ignazio, Di Fazio, Andrea, Bruni, Giuseppe, Orsitto, Emanuela, Fabbro, Serena, Amici, Elena, D'Imporzano, Anna, Casanova, Serena, Bertolio, Erika, Nervo, Roberto, Silvestri, Elena, Semproni, Manuela, Pintus, Francesca, Aloe, Angelo, Tagliaccica, Zambon, Antonella, and Di Santo, Simona G.

Published
2020
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24. Old Age and Women’s Identity

Author

Francesca Romana, Greco, primary, Grazia, D’Onofrio, additional, Davide, Seripa, additional, Filomena, Ciccone, additional, Daniele, Sancarlo, additional, Antonio, Mangiacotti, additional, and Monica, Greco, additional

Published
2019
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26. MARIO Project: Experimentation in the Hospital Setting.

Author

Grazia D'Onofrio, Daniele Sancarlo, Massimiliano Raciti, Diego Reforgiato Recupero, Antonio Mangiacotti, Alessandro Russo 0001, Francesco Ricciardi, Alessandra Vitanza, Filippo Cantucci, Valentina Presutti, Thomas Messervey, Stefano Nolfi, Filippo Cavallo, Eva Barrett, Sally Whelan, Dympna Casey, Francesco Giuliani, and Antonio Greco 0002

Published
2017
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27. ViTA: Virtual Trainer for Aging.

Author

Pietro Leo, Grazia D'Onofrio, Daniele Sancarlo, Francesco Ricciardi, Michele Pio De Petris, Francesco Giuliani, Giuseppe Ciarambino, Silvia Peschiera, Angelo Failla, Fabrizio Renzi, and Antonio Greco 0002

Published
2017
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28. Interacting with Dementia: The MARIO Approach.

Author

Christos Kouroupetroglou, Dympna Casey, Massimiliano Raciti, Eva Barrett, Grazia D'Onofrio, Francesco Ricciardi, Francesco Giuliani, Antonio Greco 0002, Daniele Sancarlo, Arlene Mannion, Sally Whelan, Geoff Pegman, Adamantios Koumpis, Diego Reforgiato Recupero, Angelos Kouroupetroglou, and Adam Santorelli

Published
2017
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33. Gerontology

Author

Grazia D'Onofrio, Antonio Greco, Daniele Sancarlo and Grazia D'Onofrio, Antonio Greco, Daniele Sancarlo

Published
2018

34. User Profiling to Enhance Clinical Assessment and Human–Robot Interaction: A Feasibility Study

Author

Laura Fiorini, Luigi Coviello, Alessandra Sorrentino, Daniele Sancarlo, Filomena Ciccone, Grazia D’Onofrio, Gianmaria Mancioppi, Erika Rovini, and Filippo Cavallo

Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction, Philosophy, General Computer Science, Social Psychology, Control and Systems Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) are designed to support us in our daily life as a companion, and assistance but also to support the caregivers’ work. SARs should show personalized and human-like behavior to improve their acceptance and, consequently, their use. Additionally, they should be trustworthy by caregivers and professionals to be used as support for their work (e.g. objective assessment, decision support tools). In this context the aim of the paper is dual. Firstly, this paper aims to present and discuss the robot behavioral model based on sensing, perception, decision support, and interaction modules. The novel idea behind the proposed model is to extract and use the same multimodal features set for two purposes: (i) to profile the user, so to be used by the caregiver as a decision support tool for the assessment and monitoring of the patient; (ii) to fine-tune the human–robot interaction if they can be correlated to the social cues. Secondly, this paper aims to test in a real environment the proposed model using a SAR robot, namely ASTRO. Particularly, it measures the body posture, the gait cycle, and the handgrip strength during the walking support task. Those collected data were analyzed to assess the clinical profile and to fine-tune the physical interaction. Ten older people (65.2 ± 15.6 years) were enrolled for this study and were asked to walk with ASTRO at their normal speed for 10 m. The obtained results underline a good estimation (p

Published
2022

35. Knowledge Engineering Framework for IoT Robotics Applied to Smart Healthcare and Emotional Well-Being

Author

Antonio Kung, Grazia D'Onofrio, Kasia Tabeau, Daniele Sancarlo, Laura Fiorini, Amelie Gyrard, Francesco Giuliani, Estibaliz Arzoz-Fernandez, Denis Guiot, Eloïse Sengès, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Yasuo Okabe, Hiroshi Hoshino, Masahiko Tsukamoto, Marleen de Mul, Isabelle Fabbricotti, Delphine Lefebvre, and Health Services Management & Organisation (HSMO)

Subjects
Artificial intelligence, Internet of robotic things, Ageing, Body of knowledge, Cloud robotic, Co-creation, Elderly, Emotional care, Knowledge directory service, Ontology, Reusable knowledge engineering, Robotics, Semantic reasoning, Semantic web of things (SWoT), Semantic web technologies, Smart health, Knowledge management, General Computer Science, Social Psychology, Computer science, Knowledge engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Article, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research question, Social robot, business.industry, Emotional well-being, Human-Computer Interaction, Philosophy, Control and Systems Engineering, Robot, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, The Internet, business, Agile software development
Abstract

Social companion robots are getting more attention to assist elderly people to stay independent at home and to decrease their social isolation. When developing solutions, one remaining challenge is to design the right applications that are usable by elderly people. For this purpose, co-creation methodologies involving multiple stakeholders and a multidisciplinary researcher team (e.g., elderly people, medical professionals, and computer scientists such as roboticists or IoT engineers) are designed within the ACCRA (Agile Co-Creation of Robots for Ageing) project. This paper will address this research question: How can Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) technology and co-creation methodologies help to design emotional-based robotic applications? This is supported by the ACCRA project that develops advanced social robots to support active and healthy ageing, co-created by various stakeholders such as ageing people and physicians. We demonstra this with three robots, Buddy, ASTRO, and RoboHon, used for daily life, mobility, and conversation. The three robots understand and convey emotions in real-time using the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence technologies (e.g., knowledge-based reasoning).

Published
2021

36. Sarcopenia: Technological Advances in Measurement and Rehabilitation

Author

Letizia, Lorusso, Luigi, Esposito, Daniele, Sancarlo, and Grazia, D’Onofrio

Subjects
human activities
Abstract

Sarcopenia is an important recently defined disease affecting people aged ≥65 years all over the world. Improving the assessment of loss of muscle mass is becoming mandatory. In this regard, various new technologies have been advanced. Although the gold standard is represented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), computed tomography (CT) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), followed by biological impedance analysis (BIA) compared with DXA, there are numerous correlations between sarcopenia and health domain of everyday life that must be investigated and addressed, trying to obtain the best possible outcome in the older population. In this review, we focused on all types of new technologies assessing loss of muscle mass, frailty, independence, walking, capacity to get dressed, and loss of balance or sleepiness in older people and that could improve the diagnosis of sarcopenia or the rehabilitation of sarcopenic patients to prevent possible accidents. Different technologies have been proposed to investigate the factors promoting the loss of muscle mass and weakness. Despite the standard EWGSOP 2019 guidelines defining a specific methodology for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, not all domains and devices were included, and new frontiers of prevention have been explored.

Published
2022

38. Mitral Valve Syndrome in older patients with and without depression: A cross-sectional study

Author

Maria Grazia Longo, Mariangela Pia Dagostino, Filomena Ciccone, Grazia D'Onofrio, Antonio Greco, Leandro Cascavilla, Daniele Sancarlo, Michele Pacilli, Michele Lauriola, and Filomena Addante

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Mini–Mental State Examination, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, General Medicine, Doppler echocardiography, Late life depression, medicine.disease, Rating scale, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, business, Dyslipidemia, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract

Study aim was to determine whether Late Life Depression (LLD) is associated with Mitral Valve Syndrome (MVS) presence, and to assess direct proportionality between MVS and LLD severity. A total of 504 consecutive patients (M=260, F=244; Mean Age 79.74±7.83, range=60-98) were included and divided in 2 groups: 1) 360 patients with LLD and MVS (Group 1), and 2) 144 patients without LLD and with MVS (Group 2). All patients were assessed by Doppler echocardiography, complete standardized Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) [including basal/instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL/IADL), Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale Comorbidity Index (CIRS-CI), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Exton-Smith Scale (ESS), medication use and social aspects], Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Group 1 were more females (p

Published
2021

39. Enteral tube feeding and mortality in hospitalized older patients: A multicenter longitudinal study

Author

Romina Custureri, Mario Durando, Giacomo Siri, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Angelique Egberts, Daniele Sancarlo, Pavla Madlova, Stefania Maggi, Arduino A. Mangoni, Helena Michalkova, Alberto Pilotto, Beatriz Montero-Errasquín, Eva Topinkova, Anna Maria Meyer, Julia Daragjati, Francesco U.S. Mattace-Raso, Ralf-Joachim Schulz, Nicola Veronese, Maria Cristina Polidori, Marie-Laure Bureau, Carmen Miret-Corchado, Alberto Cella, Luigi Ferrucci, Thomas Brunet, Grazia D'Onofrio, Antonio Greco, Marc Paccalin, Matteo Puntoni, Matteo Simonato, Dirk Hoffmann, Clarissa Musacchio, Lisanne Tap, Evelyne Liuu, Kimberley Ruxton, Internal Medicine, Veronese, N., Cella, A., Cruz-Jentoft, A.J., Polidori, M.C., Mattace-Raso, F., Paccalin, M., Topinkova, E., Greco, A., Mangoni, A.A., Daragjati, J., Siri, G., Pilotto, A., Musacchio, C., Custureri, R., Puntoni, M., Simonato, M., Durando, M., Miret-Corchado, C., Montero-Errasquin, B., Meyer, A., Hoffmann, D., Schulz, R.-J., Tap, L., Egberts, A., Bureau, M.-L., Brunet, T., Liuu, E., Michalkova, H., Madlova, P., Sancarlo, D., D'Onofrio, G., Ruxton, K., Maggi, S., and Ferrucci, L.

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal study, Prognosis, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidimensional prognostic index, Odds Ratio, medicine, Risk of mortality, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mortality, Aged, Enteral Tube Feeding, Aged, 80 and over, Inpatients, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Medical record, Australia, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Europe, Parenteral nutrition, Emergency medicine, Propensity score matching, Female, Enteral nutrition, business
Abstract

Background & aims: The literature regarding enteral nutrition and mortality in older frail people is limited and still conflicting. Moreover, the potential role of comprehensive geriatric assessment is poorly explored. We therefore aimed to investigate whether the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), an established tool that assesses measures of frailty and predicts mortality, may help physicians in identifying patients in whom ETF (enteral tube feeding) is effective in terms of reduced mortality. Methods: Observational, longitudinal, multicenter study with one year of follow-up. Data regarding ETF were recorded through medical records. A standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment was used to calculate the MPI. Participants were divided in low (MPI-1), moderate (MPI-2) or severe (MPI-3) risk of mortality. Data regarding mortality were recorded through administrative information. Results: 1064 patients were included, with 79 (13 in MPI 1–2 and 66 in MPI-3 class) receiving ETF. In multivariable analysis, patients receiving ETF experienced a higher risk of death (odds ratio, OR = 2.00; 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.19–3.38). However, after stratifying for their MPI at admission, mortality was higher in MPI-3 class patients (OR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.09–3.76), but not in MPI 1–2 class patients (OR = 1.51; 95%CI: 0.44–5.25). The use of propensity score confirmed these findings. Conclusions: ETF is associated with a higher risk of death. However, this is limited to more frail patients, suggesting the importance of the MPI in the prognostic evaluation of ETF. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

Published
2020

42. Virtual Round care model in a Covid-19 Geriatric sub intensive unit

Author

Filomena Ciccone, Grazia D'Onofrio, Silvia Villani, Antonio Greco, Francesco Giuliani, Sergio Russo, Daniele Sancarlo, and Francesca Greco

Subjects
Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, medicine.medical_specialty, Strategy and Management, Pharmaceutical Science, Telehealth, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Intensive care, Drug Discovery, Health care, Medicine, Psychology, Depression (differential diagnoses), Marketing, Pharmacology, Virtual Rounding, business.industry, QP351-495, Beck Depression Inventory, Mental health, BF1-990, Physical therapy, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, business, Covid-19
Abstract

Introduction. Telepresence provides clinicians the ability to monitor patients as well to communicate with all the members of the healthcare staff. Covid-19 Units cope with high complexity in providing care and an integration amount the care team and the patients’ relatives should be carried out to obtained successful outcomes and preventing complication. Virtual rounding (VR) has been successfully applied to cope with this task in the last 2000 years in medical units. Covid-19 patients due to safety rules may be prone to isolation and lack of communication with their family. Purpose. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of structured virtual round protocol in a geriatric Covid-19 unit on anxiety and depression for the patients and their relatives. Methodology. All the patients admitted to the geriatric Covid-19 unit from 1 February 2021 to 30 April were studied. Inclusion criteria to the study were the followings: no severe cognitive impairment (MMSE =>24) or neuro sensorial deficits; informed consent to participate to the study. Forty-nine 49 (75% of patients) met the inclusion criteria. All the subject who were found to be eligible to the study underwent a VR standard protocol of care. VR was consisted with: 1) a video call with a tablet device conducted by a psychologist that established a cooperative communication between the health care staff (nurses and MD, their relatives) at the bed sides; 2) a video call with the patient’s relatives in which it was clearly explained the standard care and the role of each healthcare member was also included. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed for the patients at baseline after the end of the protocol by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients’ relatives were investigated for depression at baseline and after the end of the protocol by the Beck Depression Inventory- Primary Care (BDI-PC). The Beck Depression Inventory for primary care has seven items with each item rated on a 4-point scale (0–3). It is scored by summing ratings for each item (range 0–21). Items are symptoms of sadness, pessimism, past failure, loss of pleasure, self-dislike, self-criticalness, and suicidal thoughts and wishes. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self- assessment scale found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety. The anxiety and depressive sub-scales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. The questionnaire comprises seven questions for anxiety and seven questions for depression, and takes 2–5min to complete. For both scales, scores less than 7 indicate non- cases, 8-10 mild, 11-14 moderate, 15-21 severe. JMP software by SAS (v.16) was used for the statistical analysis. Results. The present study included forty-nine 49 patients (67% male), mean age of 69.9 ±14.7 years with one relative for each patient. The average mean of the hospitalization for each patients was 17.6 ± 5.7 days The mean VR duration time was 60±5.5 minutes. VR showed a significant decrease in both Anxiety and depression for patients: (HADS Depression baseline 10.6 ±3.1 vs 6.9 ±2.7 end p

Published
2021

43. Crocus Sativus L. (Saffron) in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment: Bioactive Effects on Cognitive Impairment

Author

Daniele Sancarlo, Stefano Pieretti, Grazia D'Onofrio, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, and Antonio Greco

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Tau protein, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Disease, Neuroprotection, Article, Crocin, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Crocus sativus, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Donepezil, Pharmacology, biology, business.industry, ved/biology, Memantine, Cognition, General Medicine, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, chemistry, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Crocus sativus L. (saffron) appears to own neuroprotective effects on cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this work is to review evidence and mechanisms of saffron-induced therapeutic outcomes and measureable cognitive benefits in AD. : The literature was reviewed, and preclinical and clinical studies were identified. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies were selected according to these criteria: 1) development of saffron pharmacological profile on biological or biophysical endpoints; 2) evaluation of saffron efficacy using animal screens as an AD model, and 3) duration of the studies of at least 3 months. As for the clinical studies, the selection criteria included: 1) patients aged ≥ 60, 2) AD diagnosis according to National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIAAA) criteria, and 3) appropriate procedures to assess cognitive, functional, and clinical status. A total of 1477 studies published until November 2020 were identified during an initial phase, of which 24 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. : Seventeen in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have described the efficacy of saffron on cognitive impairment in animal models of AD, highlighting that crocin appears to be able to regulate glutamate levels, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate Aβ and tau protein aggregation. Only four clinical studies have indicated that the effects of saffron on cognitive impairment were not different from those produced by donepezil and memantine and that it had a better safety profile. : Saffron and its compounds should be further investigated in order to consider them a safer alternative in AD treatment.

Published
2021

44. MARIO Project: Validation and Evidence of Service Robots for Older People with Dementia

Author

Thomas Messervey, Daniele Sancarlo, Andy Bleaden, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Kathy Murphy, Massimiliano Raciti, Aisling Dolan, Sally Whelan, Dympna Casey, Keith Cortis, Grazia D'Onofrio, Geoff Pegman, Valentina Presutti, Megan Burke, Alessandro Russo, Francesco Ricciardi, Antonio Greco, Aimee Teare, Tanja Kovacic, Eva Barrett, and Francesco Giuliani

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, Family support, 03 medical and health sciences, Social support, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), Alzheimer Disease, Neuropsychology, Activities of Daily Living, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depression, General Neuroscience, Tinetti test, Loneliness, General Medicine, Caregiver burden, Self-Help Devices, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, 030104 developmental biology, Quality of Life, Female, Observational study, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background In the EU funded MARIO project, specific technological tools are adopted for the people living with dementia (PLWD). In the final stage of the project, a validation of the MARIO companion robot was performed from August to October 2017. Objective The aims of the present study are: 1) to illustrate the key results and evidence obtained in the final evaluation phase of the project across the three different pilot sites; 2) to assess the engagement dimensions of the PLWD who interacted with the MARIO robot; and 3) to assess the acceptability and efficacy of the MARIO companion robot on clinical, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, affective and social aspects, resilience, quality of life in PLWD, and burden level of the caregivers. Methods 38 people (M = 14; F = 24) with Alzheimer's disease were screened for eligibility and all were included. The following tests were administered Pre and Post interactions with MARIO: Observational Measurement of Engagement (OME), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14), Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD), Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), Tinetti Balance Assessment (TBA), and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) was carried out. Results In Post-MARIO interactions, significant improvements were observed in RS-14 (p = 0.020).Considering the age of the people, PLWD with 68-76 years perceived that they had major social support (MSPSS Total: p = 0.016) and friends to support them (MSPSS Fri: p = 0.014). Indeed, the younger people (55-67 years) were less depressed (CSDD: p = 0.033), and more resilient (RS-14: p = 0.003). The people aged 77-85 years perceived they had major family support (MSPSS Fam: p = 0.018). The participants were gender and education matched without any statistically significant difference. Conclusion MARIO may be a useful tool in mitigating depression and loneliness, while enhancing social connectedness, resilience, and overall quality of life for people with dementia.

Published
2019

45. Evaluation of a companion robot for individuals with dementia: Quantitative findings of the MARIO project in an irish residential care setting

Author

Geoff Pegman, Louise Hopper, Aimee Teare, Massimiliano Raciti, Wendy Moyle, Megan Burke, Grazia D'Onofrio, Sally Whelan, Alessandro Russo, Antonio Greco, Franka Meiland, Dympna Casey, Rose-Marie Dröes, Gail Mountain, Bárbara Oliveira, Andy Bleaden, Daniele Sancarlo, Eva Barrett, Adam Santorelli, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Francesco Riccardi, Francesco Giuliani, Ainna Fawcett-Henesy, Horizon 2020, Irish Research Council, Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Quality of Care, and APH - Methodology

Subjects
Male, Residential Care, Applied psychology, Gerontological nursing, Residential Facilities, 03 medical and health sciences, Social support, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), MARIO Project, Intervention (counseling), Reminiscence, medicine, Dementia, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Evaluation, Companion Robot, General Nursing, Qualitative Research, Aged, Social robot, 030504 nursing, Robotics, medicine.disease, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Gerontology, Ireland, Quantitative, Qualitative research
Abstract

The current study focuses on the short-term effect of MARIO, a social robot, on quality of life, depression, and perceived social support in persons with dementia (PWD) and evaluates their acceptability of MARIO. Ten PWD in one nursing home took part in a 4-week pilot study, where each participant had up to 12 sessions with MARIO. Sessions comprised engagement in music, news, reminiscence, games, and calendar applications. Standardized questionnaires were administered before and after the 4-week period. Participants had a sustained interest in MARIO during their interactions and an acceptance of MARIO's appearance, sound, and applications. Consequently, participants spent more time socially engaged. No statistically significant differences were found in quality of life, depression, and perceived social support. PWD can engage with a social robot in a real-world nursing home. Future research should incorporate a larger sample and longer intervention period. Funding received from European Union Horizons 2020—The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014–2020) (grant agreement 643808). The authors acknowledge all members of the MARIO Project Advisory Board and the Irish Research Council Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship scheme (project ID: GOIPD/2017/1301). peer-reviewed 2020-06-25

Published
2019

46. Co-creation of an assistive robot for independent living: lessons learned on robot design

Author

Kasia Tabeau, Daniele Sancarlo, Grazia D'Onofrio, Isabelle Fabbricotti, Laura Fiorini, L. Coviello, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Marleen de Mul, and Health Services Management & Organisation (HSMO)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Assistive robot design, Case study, Creative design, Design technology, User participation, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Human–computer interaction, Industrial design, Modeling and Simulation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Co-creation, Robot, Dependability, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Function (engineering), Engineering design process, Independent living, media_common
Abstract

To increase the usage of assistive robots into daily life it is important to include end-users in early development stages. This paper propose an iterative co-creative method to refine the design of an assistive robot called ASTRO. Three co-creation sessions were organized involving a total of 102 individuals. This paper presents the feedback collected and provides the results from an evaluation of the final prototype. The results underline that the robot’s design was perceived in a positive way (attractiveness and stimulation domains). Even though the co-creation results show that the function of the robot are also valued, the survey provides a more nuanced view on these aspects of robot design by showing a neutral evaluation of perspicuity, efficiency and dependability.

Published
2019

47. Assistive robots for socialization in elderly people: results pertaining to the needs of the users

Author

Francesco Giuliani, Aiko Matsumori, Antonio Greco, Grazia D'Onofrio, Masahiko Tsukamoto, Francesca Greco, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Yasuo Okabe, Laura Fiorini, Raffaele Limosani, Daniele Sancarlo, Alessandra Vitanza, and Hiroshi Hoshino

Subjects
Adult, Male, Aging, Elderly, Needs, Qualitative research, Social robot, Geriatrics and Gerontology, media_common.quotation_subject, Applied psychology, Pilot Projects, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), Japan, Surveys and Questionnaires, Perception, Activities of Daily Living, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Socialization, Loneliness, Robotics, Middle Aged, Caregivers, Italy, Quality of Life, Robot, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, business, Needs Assessment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Agile software development
Abstract

Technological solutions can support the elderly, improve their quality of life and reduce isolation and loneliness. The Euro-Japan ACCRA (Agile Co-Creation for Robots and Aging) project has the objective of building a reference co-creation methodology for the development of robotic solutions for ageing. The aim of this study is to provide a pilot qualitative analysis of the real needs of elderly people and their caregivers when exposed to conversational activities with robots and to identify priority needs that should be developed from end-user perspectives. A qualitative research design was adopted to define a pre-structured questionnaire that was administered to the elderly taking part in the piloting sessions. Three groups of end-users were included: subjects with an age ≥ 60 years, informal caregivers and formal caregivers. The interviews were carried out in Italy and Japan. A total of 17 elderly and 36 caregivers were recruited. Common needs in the two sites were categorized into 3 groups: Communication; Emotion Detection and Safety. General robot acceptance level is good and perception is positive among participants in the pilot sites. A positive perception of the elderly on the application of a robotic solution was found and many are the needs that could be addressed by an appropriate and careful robotic development taking into account the real needs and capabilities of the involved subjects.

Published
2018

49. Multi Sensorial Stimulation Lab: A New Approach for Severe Dementia

Author

Massimo Pistoia, Daniele Sancarlo, Gianfranco Borrelli, Antonio Toma, Lidia De Riccardis, Michele Maffia, Alessandro Leone, Alberto Boccadamo, Alessandra De Luca, Pietro Siciliano, Giovanni Diraco, Luca Palamà, and Leonardo D’Alessandro

Subjects
Protocol (science), business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Clinical decision support system, Interpersonal relationship, Software, Mood, Human–computer interaction, State (computer science), business, Mobile device, Vigilance (psychology), media_common
Abstract

The MS-Lab project wants to implement a non-pharmacological method of multisensory stimulation aimed at reducing the sense of discomfort and improving the psycho-behavioral disorders typical of subjects with severe dementia, with the aim of improving the quality of life of patients, verifying effectiveness and safety of this method. This technological implementation is made possible by a wide and complex collaboration between organizations and companies with different skills. As described by practice and theory, appropriate sensory stimulation can lead to several improvements, such as: greater initiative of patients, greater vigilance, improvement in mood and interpersonal relations, greater attention and confusional state reduction. Moreover, positive effects could derive from the possible reduction of drugs and/or psychotropic drugs, with consequent reduction of pharmacological side effects and reduction of health costs, as well as decrease in the need for physical restraint. MS-Lab is experimenting a non-pharmacological therapy through a multisensory stimulation and intend to overcome some limits detected in this type of treatment, improving its effectiveness by supporting a framework designed as a complex system of input and output devices driven by an intelligent system able to modulate sensory stimuli according to the continuously measured biological parameters. The project also proposes to define a detailed protocol with an algorithm at the base of a dedicated software, in order to make this experience repeatable, producing data that can be freely used by experts, re-proposing it in a clinical contest or in any other environments to be defined ad hoc. Moreover, a multiplatform software layer will be designed and implemented to support Clinical Decisions (CDSS), supporting caregivers through suitable graphic interfaces on mobile devices, suggesting the most appropriate domains to be stimulated on the basis of current and past clinical parameters acquired from sensors’ ecosystem. MS-Lab will be installed at “Casa Amata”—a nursing home located in Taviano (Le), Italy—and at “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” —an hospital and Research Institution located in S. Giovanni Rotondo (Fg), Italy—with the aim of conducting simultaneous and co-planned experiments through the proposed treatment able to represent the best answer to the end-user needs.

Published
2021

50. The Perceptions of People with Dementia and Key Stakeholders Regarding the Use and Impact of the Social Robot MARIO

Author

Niamh Gallagher, Kathy Murphy, Daniele Sancarlo, Adamantios Koumpis, Adam Santorelli, Dympna Casey, Francesco Ricciardi, Sally Whelan, Tanja Kovacic, Eva Barrett, and Horizon 2020

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Applied psychology, lcsh:Medicine, social robots, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), quality of care, medicine, Dementia, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cognitive decline, Social isolation, older adults, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Social robot, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social Support, Loneliness, Robotics, medicine.disease, Long-term care, MARIO, Caregivers, Italy, Quality of Life, long-term care, companion robots, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Ireland, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Alzheimer’s, qualitative research, Qualitative research, dementia
Abstract

People with dementia often experience loneliness and social isolation. This can result in increased cognitive decline which, in turn, has a negative impact on quality of life. This paper explores the use of the social robot, MARIO, with older people living with dementia as a way of addressing these issues. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to explore the perceptions and experiences of the use and impact of MARIO. The research took place in the UK, Italy and Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were held in each location with people with dementia (n = 38), relatives/carers (n = 28), formal carers (n = 28) and managers (n = 13). The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that despite challenges in relation to voice recognition and the practicalities of conducting research involving robots in real-life settings, most participants were positive about MARIO. Through the robot&rsquo, s user-led design and personalized applications, MARIO provided a point of interest, social activities, and cognitive engagement increased. However, some formal carers and managers voiced concern that robots might replace care staff.

Published
2020
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