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Social scientists increasingly use Facebook’s advertising platform for research, either in the form of conducting digital censuses of the general population, or for recruiting participants for survey research. Both approaches depend on the accuracy of the data that Facebook provides about its users, but little is known about how accurate these data are. We address this gap in a large-scale, cross-national online survey (N = 137,224), in which we compare self-reported and Facebook-classified demographic information (sex, age and region of residence). Our results suggest that Facebook’s advertising platform can be fruitfully used for conducing social science research if additional steps are taken to assess the accuracy of the characteristics under consideration.

En las últimas décadas se han acordado múltiples compromisos multilaterales para priorizar la formación docente, bajo la convicción de que es el factor central para asegurar la calidad y equidad de los sistemas educativos. Con ese objetivo, Iberoamérica y el Mercosur han desarrollado diversas políticas públicas destinadas a su profesorado. Todo ello, en un contexto caracterizado por el retorno del Estado, la revisión de reformas educativas implementadas en la década de 1990 -con resultados limitados- y la ampliación del acceso a la educación. En ese marco, el artículo busca realizar un análisis descriptivo y exploratorio de las políticas regionales desarrolladas por la Comisión de Área de Formación Docente del Mercosur desde 2011, con foco en la experiencia de pasantías y movilidad. Como existen escasas investigaciones que aborden el tema en clave regional, se utiliza una metodología cualitativa para revisar tanto bibliografía como documentos primarios. Luego del análisis, se concluye que las políticas sobre el tema han sido jerarquizadas y profundizadas en el Mercosur. También se reconoce que las diferencias entre los sistemas formadores de docentes de los Estados Parte adicionan complejidad a los procesos de integración educativa.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) manifests with heart dysfunction and respiratory failure some weeks after a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 infection. The aim of our study was to explore the prevalence, severity, timing, and duration of acute kidney injury (AKI) in MIS-C patients. Furthermore, we evaluated which clinical variables and outcomes are associated with AKI.Multicenter retrospective study.Five tertiary hospital PICUs in Italy. Data were collected in the first 7 days of PICU admission and renal function was followed throughout the hospital stay.Patients less than 18 years old admitted to the PICU for greater than 24 hours with MIS-C.None.We collected the following data, including: demographic information, inflammatory biomarkers, lactate levels, Pa o2 /F io2 , ejection fraction, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), renal function (serum creatinine, urinary output, fluid balance, and percentage fluid accumulation), Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS), pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA), and Pediatric Index of Mortality 3. AKI was diagnosed in eight of 38 patients (21%) and severe AKI was present in four of eight patients. In all cases, AKI was present at PICU admission and its median (interquartile range) duration was 3.5 days (1.5-5.7 d). We did not identify differences between AKI and no-AKI patients when not making correction for multiple comparisons, for example, in weight, ejection fraction, pSOFA, Pa o2 /F io2 , and lactates. We failed to identify any difference in these groups in urine output and fluid balance. Exploratory analyses of serial data between no-AKI and AKI patients showed significant differences on lymphocyte count, NT-proBNP value, ejection fraction, pSOFA, Pa o2 /F io2 , and VIS.In this multicenter Italian PICU experience, MIS-C is associated with AKI in one-in-five cases. In general, AKI is characterized by an associated reduction in glomerular filtration rate with a self-limiting time course.

Elea Giménez Toledo —actual directora del Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas de España e investigadora de vasta trayectoria en la evaluación de publicaciones académicas y su vinculación con los procesos de evaluación de las Ciencias Sociales y las humanidades— interpela la lectura a partir de una sensación compartida por quienes investigamos: el malestar. Malestar, hartazgo, cansancio, ¿resignación? son temas de conversación recurrente entre investigadores/as en cada encuentro, y no solo como parte de una reflexión sobre nuestras prácticas (las formas en que producimos y divulgamos conocimiento) sino que cada vez con más frecuencia compartimos cuán abrumados/as estamos. Pero el malestar, como bien despliega Elea en su libro, no es sobre la evaluación per se; ya que hay una amplia coincidencia en que debemos evaluarnos y ser evaluados como forma de mejora de nuestras prácticas y como parte de cierta accountability social (especialmente en países donde el financiamiento a la ciencia y a la universidad es público). Por eso, es un malestar sobre una forma peculiar de evaluar la práctica académica a partir de las métricas de publicación… De manera sencilla: cuánto y dónde publicamos —y, en algunos países, cuánto somos (re)citados/as— como formas de analizar cómo investigamos y así reconstruir la calidad y/o excelencia académica a partir de ese proxy es lo que abruma. Perturba, precisamente, porque por fuera de esa medida quedan invisibilizadas otras prácticas y excluidos otros procesos (¡y saberes!) de la investigación que no necesariamente tienen como resultado un paper publicado (y re-citado) en una red hegemónica de circulación del conocimiento (léase, la red comercial tejida por las grandes empresas editoriales orientadas al lucro). Así, esta forma de evaluación molesta porque la proyección de las carreras académicas queda subsumida a esta lógica. Cada vez más, los/as jóvenes investigadores/as son socializados/as a pensar sus carreras académicas en función de esta premisa cuyas consecuencias son, entre otras, privilegiar temas, enfoques teóricos, metodologías e idiomas de publicación por sobre elementos más vinculados al contexto local-regional de producción de conocimiento. En cierto punto, se pierden motivaciones más del orden de lo político, tanto en clave de politización (investigación para la modificación de las condiciones estatuidas, de situaciones socialmente problemáticas), como de lo sensible (creatividad, pasión).

BACKGROUND During the initial phases of the vaccination campaign worldwide, Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) remained pivotal in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, it is important to understand how the arrival of vaccines affected the adoption of NPIs. Indeed, some individuals might have seen the start of mass vaccination campaigns as the end of the emergency and, as a result, have relaxed their COVID-safe behaviors, facilitating the spread of the virus in a delicate epidemic phase such as the initial rollout. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to collect information about the possible relaxation of behaviors following key events of the vaccination campaign in four countries and to analyse possible associations of these behavioral tendencies with socio-demographic characteristics of participants. METHODS We developed an online survey named “COVID-19 Prevention and Behavior Survey” that we conducted between November 26 and December 22, 2021. Participants were recruited using targeted ads on Facebook in four different countries: Italy, the United Kingdom, Brazil and South Africa. We measured the onset of relaxation of protective measures in response to key events of the vaccination campaign, namely personal vaccination and vaccination of the most vulnerable population. Through odds ratios and regression analysis we assessed the strength of association between compliance with NPIs and socio-demographic characteristics of participants. RESULTS We received 2263 questionnaires from the four countries. Participants reported the most significant changes in social activities, such as going to restaurant or cinema and visiting relatives and friends. This is in good agreement with validated psychological models of health-related behavioral change such as the Health Belief Model (HBM), according to which activities with higher costs and perceived barriers (e.g., the social activities) are more prone to early relaxation. Multivariate analysis using a Generalised Linear Model showed that the two main determinants of the drop of social NPIs are i) having previously tested positive for COVID-19 (after second dose: OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.73-3.49) and ii) living with people at risk (after second dose: OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.22-2.03). CONCLUSIONS This work shows that particular caution has to be taken during vaccination campaigns. Indeed, people might relax their safe behaviors regardless the dynamics of the epidemic. For this reason, it is crucial to keep high the compliance with NPIs to avoid hindering the beneficial effects of the vaccine. CLINICALTRIAL Ethical approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the bioethical committee of the University of Turin (Prot. n. 280342 del 8.5.2021).

La discusión sobre las contribuciones que hace el conocimiento social al proceso de toma de decisiones de políticas públicas es un tema nodal de la problematización sobre la relación ciencia- Estado y conocimiento-política. La conceptualización de la movilización del conocimiento científico supone una propuesta interesante para la reflexión y problematización de esa compleja relación y ofrece algunos indicios para situar las dinámicas de interacción entre los procesos de producción de conocimiento de las ciencias sociales y los agentes extraacadémicos que pueden apropiarse y usar los resultados de la investigación social. En este trabajo, construyendo sobre aportes previos, discutimos sobre las dinámicas de movilización de conocimiento científico en ciencias sociales, en particular para el campo de la ciencia política, revisitando diversos emergentes analíticos que observan la relación academia-entorno, y presentamos algunas conclusiones de base empírica de un trabajo de campo sobre percepciones de investigadores de las ciencias sociales sobre el proceso de producción de conocimiento, las estrategias y formas de interacción, y los principales usuarios de sus investigaciones. En primer lugar, el trabajo caracteriza el campo regional de la ciencia política y sus dinámicas; en segundo lugar, problematizamos los enfoques teórico-analíticos que analizan la relación entre el modo de producción de conocimiento y sus dinámicas de uso y apropiación social, y, finalmente, la tercera sección introduce los primeros emergentes de base empírica de un estudio en curso sobre las dinámicas de interacción entre investigadores sociales y usuarios extraacadémicos.

Lidocaine is a local anaesthetic drug with an amphiphilic structure able to self-associate, under certain conditions, in molecular aggregates playing the role of both carrier and drug. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for obtaining vesicular carriers, called lidosomes. The new formulations were obtained using both lidocaine and lidocaine hydrochloride and different hydration medias (distilled water, acid, and basic aqueous solution). Lidosomes formulations were characterized in terms of size, ζ-potential, drug retained, stability formulation, and ex vivo permeation profile. Moreover, lidosomes were incorporated in two different gel structures: one based on carboxymethylcellulose and one based on pluronic F-127 to achieve suitable properties for a topical application. Results obtained showed that lidocaine showed a better performance to aggregate in vesicular carriers in respect to hydrochloride form. Consequently, only formulations comprised of lidocaine were studied in terms of skin permeation performance and as carriers of another model drug, capsaicin, for a potential combined therapy. Lidocaine, when in form of vesicular aggregates, acted as percutaneous permeation enhancer showing better permeation profiles with respect to drug solutions. Moreover, lidosomes created a significant drug depot into the skin from which the drug was available for a prolonged time, a suitable feature for a successful local therapy.

Viral respiratory infections are one of the main causes of hospitalization in children. Even if mortality rate is low, 2% to 3% of the hospitalized children need mechanical ventilation. Risk factors for admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are well known, while few studies have described risk factors for invasive ventilator support and prolonged hospitalization.A retrospective study including all patients aged between 2 and 18 months with a confirmed viral respiratory infection, requiring admission to PICU from September to March between 2015 and 2019, was conducted at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome, Italy.One hundred ninety patients were enrolled, with a median age of 2.7 months; 32.1% had at least one comorbidity, mainly prematurity. The most frequent isolated viruses were RSV-B, rhinovirus, and RSV-A; 38.4% needed mechanical ventilation. This subgroup of patients had lower median birth weight compared with patients not requiring mechanical ventilation (2800 g vs. 3180 g, p = 0.02); moreover, comorbidities were present in 43.8% of intubated patients and in 24.8% of patients treated with non-invasive ventilation (p = 0.006). Viral coinfection did not result to be a risk factor for mechanical support, while virus-bacteria coinfection was significantly associated with mechanical ventilation (p 0.001). Similar risk factors were identified for prolonged hospitalization.Early identification of patients who could have a sudden respiratory deterioration and need of mechanical ventilation is crucial to reduce complications due to orotracheal intubation and prolonged hospitalization in PICU. Further studies are needed to define high-risk group of patients and to design targeted interventions.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of two different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during helmet continuous positive airway pressure (HCPAP) support on the intubation rate in infants with bronchiolitis admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Design: Multicentric prospective, randomized, open clinical trial. Setting: Four tertiary PICUs in Italy. Participants: Infants admitted to PICUs due to severe bronchiolitis and requiring respiratory support. Interventions: The enrolled patients were randomly assigned one of two PEEP levels for HCPAP support: high (P10 group: 10 cmH O) or low (P5 group: 5 cmH O). Measurements and Main Results: In total, 64 patients were randomly assigned to the P10 group, and 60 to the P5 group. The intubation rate was 9/60 (15%) and 9/64 (14%) in P5 and P10 groups (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.36-2.46, p=0.99). Of the patients in the P5 group, 47 (78%) were escalated to a PEEP level of 10 cmH O. PEEP level was not associated to intubation rate (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.19 to 2.40, p=0.57), after adjustment for age, gestational age, high flow nasal cannula application, bronchiolitis severity score and pediatric index of mortality 3. No cases of pneumothorax were observed in this study. Conclusions: In this trial on infants with severe bronchiolitis, a PEEP level of 10 cm H O during HCPAP in comparison to an initial level of 5 cm H O did not show to prevent intubation. These results are not conclusive due to the premature stopping.

Activating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating a variety of human diseases including cancer. Here, we show that GPER1 is significantly upregulated in tumor cells from different cohorts of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) patients compared to normal B cells. Using the clinically applicable GPER1-selective small-molecule agonist G-1 (also named Tespria), we found that pharmacological activation of GPER1 leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo in animal models, even in the context of the protective bone marrow milieu. Activation of GPER1 triggered the TP53 pathway, which remains actionable during WM progression. Thus, this study identifies a novel therapeutic target in WM and paves the way for the clinical development of the GPER1 agonist G-1.

The hyper-inflammatory response, also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), represents a major concern in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report bone marrow features of three patients with MIS-C who were diagnosed during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A bone marrow evaluation was performed at onset of the inflammatory condition in order to exclude secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). The bone marrows of the patients presented common features: the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages were prominently affected and hemophagocytosis was moderately increased, differently than observed in sHLH. Megakaryocytopoiesis was increased, representing a peculiar feature of MIS-C differing from sHLH. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and viral panel were studied in bone marrow aspiration samples. MIS-C is a rare complication of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children. An immuno-dysregulation considering both innate and adaptive immunity together with vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction play a major role. Our observations, although limited due to the small sample size, suggest that there are unique features in the bone marrow of patients with MIS-C that are likely secondary to immuno-dysregulation, and there are notable differences in bone marrow features compared to those reported in sHLH.

Digital and computational demography explores demography in relation to the digital revolution – the rapid technological improvements in digitized information storage, computational power and the spread of the internet and mobile technologies since the turn of the new millennium. We cover three ways in which the digital revolution touches upon demography. First, we discuss how digital technologies, through their impacts on daily lives and in shifting how individuals access information, communicate and access services, have implications for demographic outcomes linked to health and mortality, fertility and family, and migration. Second, we discuss how the digital revolution has created a wide range of new data sources such as digital trace and geospatial data that can be repurposed for demographic research, and enabled respondent recruitment across the world via the internet and social media. Third, we discuss how improvements in computational power have facilitated the use of computational methods such as microsimulation and agent-based modelling as well as machine learning techniques for demographic applications. We conclude by discussing future opportunities and challenges for digital demography.

ObjectivesDeveloping novel therapeutic approaches to defeat chemoresistance is the major goal of ovarian cancer research. Induction of ferroptosis has shown promising antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cells, but the existence of still undefined genetic and metabolic determinants of susceptibility has so far limited the application of ferroptosis inducers in vivo.MethodsErastin and/or the iron compound ferlixit were used to trigger ferroptosis in HEY, COV318, PEO4, and A2780CP ovarian cancer cell lines. Cell viability and cell death were measured by MTT and PI flow cytometry assay, respectively. The “ballooning” phenotype was tested as ferroptosis specific morphological feature. Mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated based on ultrastructural changes, mitochondrial ROS, and mitochondrial membrane polarization. Lipid peroxidation was tested through both C11-BODIPY and malondialdehyde assays. VDAC2 and GPX4 protein levels were quantified as additional putative indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction or lipid peroxidation, respectively. The effect of erastin/ferlixit treatments on iron metabolism was analyzed by measuring intracellular labile iron pool and ROS. FtH and NCOA4 were measured as biomarkers of ferritinophagy.ResultsHere, we provide evidence that erastin is unable to induce ferroptosis in a series of ovarian cancer cell lines. In HEY cells, provided with a high intracellular labile iron pool, erastin treatment is accompanied by NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus triggering ferroptosis. In agreement, iron chelation counteracts erastin-induced ferroptosis in these cells. COV318 cells, with low baseline intracellular labile iron pool, appear resistant to erastin treatment. Notably, the use of ferlixit sensitizes COV318 cells to erastin through a NCOA4-independent intracellular iron accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ferlixit alone mimics erastin effects and promotes ferroptosis in HEY cells.ConclusionThis study proposes both the baseline and the induced intracellular free iron level as a significant determinant of ferroptosis sensitivity and discusses the potential use of ferlixit in combination with erastin to overcome ferroptosis chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.

Metallic nanoparticles show plasmon resonance phenomena when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of a suitable wavelength, whose value depends on their composition, size, and shape. The damping of the surface electron oscillation causes a release of heat, which causes a large increase in local temperature. Furthermore, this increase is enhanced when nanoparticle aggregation phenomena occur. Local temperature increase is extensively exploited in photothermal therapy, where light is used to induce cellular damage. To activate the plasmon in the visible range, we synthesized 50 nm diameter spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNP) coated with polyethylene glycol and administered them to an E. coli culture. The experiments were carried out, at different gold nanoparticle concentrations, in the dark and under irradiation. In both cases, the nanoparticles penetrated the bacterial wall, but a different toxic effect was observed; while in the dark we observed an inhibition of bacterial growth of 46%, at the same concentration, under irradiation, we observed a bactericidal effect (99% growth inhibition). Photothermal measurements and SEM observations allowed us to conclude that the extraordinary effect is due to the formation, at low concentrations, of a light-induced cluster of gold nanoparticles, which does not form in the absence of bacteria, leading us to the conclusion that the bacterium wall catalyzes the formation of these clusters which are ultimately responsible for the significant increase in the measured temperature and cause of the bactericidal effect. This photothermal effect is achieved by low-power irradiation and only in the presence of the pathogen: in its absence, the lack of gold nanoparticles clustering does not lead to any phototoxic effect. Therefore, it may represent a proof of concept of an innovative nanoscale pathogen responsive system against bacterial infections.

BackgroundThe technological complexity and heterogeneity of intensive care ventilator models currently available on the market together with the heterogeneity in pediatric patients (0 to 18 years old), make the choice of the best machine for pediatric healthcare setting crucial.This paper is aimed at addressing all the critical aspects linked to the implementation of intensive care ventilators in a pediatric setting, highlighting the most relevant technical features and describing the methodology to conduct health technology assessment (HTA) for supporting the decision-making process.Four ventilators models were included in the assessment process. A decision-making support tool (DoHTA method) based on Analytic Hierarchy Process, was applied. 28 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were identified, defining the safety, clinical effectiveness, organizational, technical, and economic aspects. The Performance scores of each ventilator have been measured with respect to KPIs integrated with the total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis, leading to a final rank of the four possible technological solutions. ResultsThe final technologies’ performance scores reflected a deliver valued, contextualized, and shared outputs, detecting the most performant technological solution for the specific hospital context. HTA results had informed and supported the pediatric hospital decision-making process. ConclusionsThis study, identifying and discussing the pros and cons of innovative features of ventilators and all the evaluation criteria and aspects to be taken into account during the evaluation process, can be considered as a valuable proof of evidence as well as a reliable and transferable method for conducting a decision making process in a hospital context.

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are significant cause of complications in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). An emerging challenge are CLABSIs in children with medical complexity (CMC) admitted to PICU. CMC are patients with chronic conditions with or without neurological impairment needing for tracheostomy and/or home mechanical or non-invasive ventilation and/or gastrostomy/jejunostomy. We evaluate CLABSI incidence in a PICU with high prevalence of CMC. Methods: This was a retrospective study in the PICU of the Bambino Gesù Children Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. The medical records were reviewed and demographic, clinical and microbiological data were extracted. CLABSI were defined according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Networks (NHSN) surveillance. Results: A total of 101 children with 125 central lines (CLs) were included; 79/101 (78%) patients were CMC and 50/101 (50%) had a thracheostomy. CLABSI incidence was 2.75/1000 CL-days (9 cases/3269 CL-days); incidence was 0 in patients without underling conditions and 3.14/1000 in CMC ( p Conclusions: A target 0% CLABSI was possible in critically ill children without underling condition while a high incidence was reported in CMC and sustained by a peculiar CLABSI ecology. This ecology should be considered when a CLABSI was suspected in CMC for prompt antibiotics stewardship.

BACKGROUND: Despite SARS-CoV-2 immunizations have started in most countries, children are not currently included in the vaccination programs, thus it remains crucial to define their anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response in order to minimize the risk for other epidemic waves. This study seeks to provide a description of the virology ad anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in children with distinct symptomatology. METHODS: Between March and July 2020, we recruited 15 SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic (AS) and 51 symptomatic children (SY), stratified according to WHO clinical classification. We measured SARS-CoV-2 viral load using ddPCR and qPCR in longitudinally collected nasopharyngeal swabs samples. To define anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies we measured neutralization activity and total IgG load (Diasorin). We also evaluated antigen-specific B and CD8+T-cells, using a labelled S1+S2 protein and ICAM expression, respectively. Plasma protein profiling was performed with Olink. RESULTS: Virological profiling showed that AS had lower viral load at diagnosis (p=0.004) and faster virus clearance (p=0.0002) compared to SY. Anti-SARS CoV-2 humoral and cellular response did not appear to be associated with the presence of symptoms. AS and SY showed similar titers of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, levels of neutralizing activity, and frequency of Ag-specific B and CD8+T-cells. Whereas pro-inflammatory plasma protein profile was associated to symptomatology. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular response with any regards to symptomatology, suggesting the ability of both SY and AS to contribute towards herd immunity. The virological profiling of AS suggested that they have lower virus load associated with faster virus clearance.

BACKGROUND Patient-ventilator asynchronies are challenging during pediatric mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that monitoring the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) together with the "standard" airway opening pressure (Pao) and flow-time waveforms during pressure support ventilation would improve the ability of a cohort of critical care physicians to detect asynchronies in ventilated children. METHODS We recorded the flow, Pao and EAdi waveforms in ten consecutive patients. The recordings were split in periods of 15 s, each reproducing a ventilator screenshot. From this pool, a team of four experts selected the most representative screenshots including at least one of the three most common asynchronies (missed efforts, auto-triggering and double triggering) and split them into two versions, respectively showing or not the EAdi waveforms. The screenshots were shown in random order in a questionnaire to sixty experienced pediatric intensivists that were asked to identify any episode of patient-ventilator asynchrony. RESULTS Among the ten patients included in the study, only eight had EAdi tracings without artifacts and were analyzed. When the Eadi waveform was shown, the auto-triggering detection improved from 13% to 67% (P

International audience; Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented worldwide to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of such governmental measures in reducing the mortality burden remains a key question of scientific interest and public debate. In this study, we leverage digital mobility data to assess the effects of reduced human mobility on excess mortality, focusing on regional data in England and Wales between February and August 2020. We estimate a robust association between mobility reductions and lower excess mortality, after adjusting for time trends and regional differences in a mixed-effects regression framework and considering a five-week lag between the two measures. We predict that, in the absence of mobility reductions, the number of excess deaths could have more than doubled in England and Wales during this period, especially in the London area. The study is one of the first attempts to quantify the effects of mobility reductions on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.