Fabricio K Marchini, Christian Probst, Luiz Gonzaga Paula de Almeida, Marcelo Brocchi, Daniela Parada Pavoni, Ana Cristina Colabardini, Oberdan de Lima Cunha, Célia Maria de Almeida Soares, Rondon Mendonça-Neto, Fabiana Fantinatti-Garboggini, Luciane Prioli Ciapina, Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes, Rosane Silva, Santuza M. R. Teixeira, Allan Cezar de Azevedo Martins, Maristela Pereira, Cecilia C. Klein, Patrícia Hermes Stoco, Maria Cristina M. Motta, Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto, Turán P. Ürményi, Claudia Elizabeth Thompson, Wanderley de Souza, Gustavo H. Goldman, Cláudia Beatriz Afonso de Menezes, Talles Eduardo Ferreira Maciel, Bruna de Araujo Lima, Gabriela F. Rodrigues-Luiz, Carlos Renato Machado, Marie-France Sagot, Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos, Daniela Fiori Gradia, Sergio Schenkman, Maria Helena S. Goldman, Edmundo C. Grisard, Maria Carolina Elias, Silvana S. Souza, Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu, Carolina M. C. Catta-Preta, Glauber Wagner, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho [Rio de Janeiro] (IBCCF / UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), An algorithmic view on genomes, cells, and environments (BAMBOO), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] (LNCC / MCT), Instituto de Biologia [Campinas], Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto [São Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas [Minas Gerais], Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas [Goiânia] (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia] (UFG), Fiocruz Paraná - Instituto Carlos Chagas / Carlos Chagas Institute [Curitiba, Brésil] (ICC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas [São Paulo] (CPQBA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas [Florianópolis], Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde [Viçosa] (CCBS), Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Instituto Butantan [São Paulo], Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Escola Paulista de Medicina [São Paulo] (EPM), ANR-08-BLAN-0293,MIRI,Combinatorial exploration of the molecular landscape and evolution of intimate species relations(2008), European Project: 247073,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-AdG,SISYPHE(2010), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Universidade Federal de Viçosa = Federal University of Viçosa (UFV)
International audience; Endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids have been considered excellent models for the study of cell evolution because the host protozoan co-evolves with an intracellular bacterium in a mutualistic relationship. Such protozoa inhabit a single invertebrate host during their entire life cycle and exhibit special characteristics that group them in a particular phylogenetic cluster of the Trypanosomatidae family, thus classified as monoxenics. In an effort to better understand such symbiotic association, we used DNA pyrosequencing and a reference-guided assembly to generate reads that predicted 16,960 and 12,162 open reading frames (ORFs) in two symbiont-bearing trypanosomatids, Angomonas deanei (previously named as Crithidia deanei) and Strigomonas culicis (first known as Blastocrithidia culicis), respectively. Identification of each ORF was based primarily on TriTrypDB using tblastn, and each ORF was confirmed by employing getorf from EMBOSS and Newbler 2.6 when necessary. The monoxenic organisms revealed conserved housekeeping functions when compared to other trypanosomatids, especially compared with Leishmania major. However, major differences were found in ORFs corresponding to the cytoskeleton, the kinetoplast, and the paraflagellar structure. The monoxenic organisms also contain a large number of genes for cytosolic calpain-like and surface gp63 metalloproteases and a reduced number of compartmentalized cysteine proteases in comparison to other TriTryp organisms, reflecting adaptations to the presence of the symbiont. The assembled bacterial endosymbiont sequences exhibit a high A+T content with a total of 787 and 769 ORFs for the Angomonas deanei and Strigomonas culicis endosymbionts, respectively, and indicate that these organisms hold a common ancestor related to the Alcaligenaceae family. Importantly, both symbionts contain enzymes that complement essential host cell biosynthetic pathways, such as those for amino acid, lipid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism. These findings increase our understanding of the intricate symbiotic relationship between the bacterium and the trypanosomatid host and provide clues to better understand eukaryotic cell evolution.