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Here, an experimental grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) study of the nanostructure of a sample composed of a Si(001) wafer covered by a Ni-doped SiO2 thin film and thermally treated at high temperature is described. Previous studies indicated that this type of composite contains Ni nanocrystals mainly inside the thin film and NiSi2 nanoplates buried in the Si wafer. To achieve accurate determinations of low-resolution structural parameters of the nanoparticles derived from the experimental results (shape, volume and size), two GISAXS patterns were recorded. The first pattern was produced by the Si wafer covered by a nanoporous Ni-doped SiO2 thin film and the second pattern was recorded after removal of the SiO2 thin film by chemical etching. By using the procedure of best fitting of a modeled isotropic GISAXS intensity to a set of 1D GISAXS patterns recorded before thin-film removal, the average radius and radius dispersion of a size polydisperse set of spherical Ni nanocrystals were determined. The GISAXS pattern recorded after removal of the SiO2 thin film was almost completely due to the scattering intensity produced by oriented NiSi2 nanoplates located inside the Si wafer. By fitting a theoretical function for the X-ray scattering intensity produced by oriented nanoplates to a set of experimental 1D GISAXS patterns, the maximum diameters and average thickness of the hexagonal NiSi2 nanoplates were determined. The GISAXS intensity pattern produced by the sample after thin-film removal is essentially anisotropic (with only a weak isotropic contribution from Ni nanocrystals), thus allowing for precise quantitative determinations of the relevant sizes of the NiSi2 nanoplates.

Burnout Syndrome consists of a disease, also known as professional burnout syndrome, characterized by a process based on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional achievement, defined as a chronic psychological phenomenon that occurs in people whose work involves relationships of intense attention and common to people who need assistance and care. The objective was to demonstrate the importance of emotional intelligence as a means of preventing Burnout Syndrome. Methodologically, this is a bibliographical, descriptive and exploratory review of works published between 2015 and 2022, through consultations of scientific articles in the Virtual Health Library network, carried out between July and October 2022. It is possible to verify that we live in an immediatist era, which has been directly reflected in professional practice, mainly among people who occupy leadership positions, and may contribute to the compromise of the mental health of such professionals. It is essential for workers to reflect until what moment it is worth dedicating all their time to their professional life, in this sense, the need for a skill called self-management is latent, which can contribute significantly to improving the quality of life of workers. It was concluded that the main problems arising from mental exhaustion can cause irreversible harm to an individual's health, therefore, the appearance of the syndrome must be avoided from the first signs and symptoms; the most successful professionals are not necessarily those with the highest intelligence, but those with better emotional control, which means they have greater emotional intelligence. The ability of professional self-management is interpreted as breaking the alienation of work by emphasizing that overcoming the division of intellectual and manual labor is the basis for sustaining a society divided into classes and an oppressive structure.

Palliative Joint Care (PC) is a set of palpable care practices that aim to prevent patients from increasing patients with diseases or a more advanced stage according to their disease. Care is provided by a multidisciplinary team, composed of nurses, nutritionists, nutritionists, doctors, whose purpose is to relieve autonomy, making what has one and the patient possible to prepare the death in their own way. The study aims to analyze the importance through qualitative data and what are the difficulties for the implementation of palliative care in the Adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU). It consists of a literature review, through a bibliographic survey, with an exploratory and relative approach, not on the physiotherapeutic performance in palliative care within the same Intensive Care (ICU) system, and how the environment among professionals is seen and graphic care multidisciplinary teams within hospitals. Realizing the importance of palliative care for critically ill patients, endorsing the phases of the patient's importance, was possible, in addition to the importance in this process. The prioritization of the patient's well-being in an intensive environment is always the focus of the treatment from the initial point, until its delivery, always maximizing its intention, psychological and physical health in a global way, where all the professionals involved are of paramount importance. with responsibility.

Most Asteraceae species are pollinated by insects, mainly bees and butterflies, although pollination by birds has been documented and pollination by bats has been suggested for some species. Here, we investigated the pollination of Gongylolepis martiana, a species supposedly pollinated by bats. We assessed floral traits and visitors in a population of G. martiana in the Brazilian Amazon, measuring pollen removal from anthers and deposition on stigmas by diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Florets opened at dusk and lasted for 4 days, with the male phase starting on the first night and the female phase on the third night. Accumulated nectar per capitulum was 69.6 μl per night and sugar concentration was 15%. Nectar-feeding bats and hummingbirds contacted the sexual parts, but pollen removal and deposition were greater throughout the night than during the day, when Meliponini bees considerably reduced pollen availability. Other nocturnal visitors of G. martiana were rare, including nocturnal bees and moths that foraged for pollen and nectar, respectively. Our results support that nectarivorous bats are the main pollinators of G. martiana, confirming Vogel's hypothesis of bat pollination in Asteraceae, particularly in the genus Gongylolepis. Since anthesis and each sexual floral phase started in the evening, nectarivorous bats and diurnal bees caused additive priority effects, preventing hummingbirds from being efficient pollinators. The high density of flowering individuals of G. martiana in patches from white-sand forests likely increases bat attraction, while the small amount of nectar per plant favours cross-pollination.

O Plano Educacional Individualizado (PEI) é uma metodologia de trabalho colaborativa amparada pela lei e amplamente utilizada nos Estados Unidos para a inclusão de alunos com deficiências. No Brasil, embora exista dispositivos legais que dissertam sobre formas, instrumentos e metodologias para a inclusão de estudantes com necessidades educacionais especiais, não há referência explícitas sobre o PEI, como também não há diretrizes para sua organização e execução. O presente artigo tem como objetivos contextualizar histórica e conceitualmente o PEI e suas origens; diferenciando-o de outros tipos de planejamentos escolares; e propor diretrizes e recomendações para sua implementação que possam auxiliar na elaboração de políticas educacionais brasileiras em relação a utilização do PEI. Para isto, é apresentado uma revisão das legislações dos EUA e do Brasil, demonstrando o que os dispositivos legais indicam sobre o PEI. Logo após, são apresentados os diferentes planos escolares presentes nas instituições de ensino e suas funções, seguido de diretrizes para a elaboração e implementação do PEI. Exemplos de como os objetivos e metas de aprendizagem devem ser elaborados e avaliados considerando as funções de cada membro da equipe multiprofissional são demonstrados. Por fim, formas adequadas de implementar o PEI no contexto escolar e suas implicações para a escolarização de estudantes com deficiências são discutidas.

A new species, Neea itanhaensis, is described from São Paulo State, Brazil. N. itanhaensis differs from the other Neea species by its inflorescences with verticillate branching and sessile or subsessile leaves with an acute or oblique base and prominent secondary veins on the abaxial surface that diverge at less than a 90º angle from each other. Illustrations and comments about the taxonomy, phenology, distribution, habitat, conservation status and etymology are provided for the new species.

We have studied for the first time the relevant features of the thermally activated nanostructural transformations occurring in a material initially consisting of a flat Si(001) wafer in which a nanoporous Ni-doped silica film is deposited. Two simultaneous transformation processes occur, and both were investigated by in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering during isothermal annealing at 405 °C, namely the kinetics of formation of (i) oriented NiSi2 hexagonal nanoplates endotaxially buried in a Si(001) wafer, and (ii) a set of randomly oriented spherical Ni nanocrystals with a two-mode radius distribution embedded in a Ni-doped silica thin film deposited on the Si wafer and in an intermediate layer between SiO2 film and the layer in which NiSi2 nanoplates are embedded. The analyses of the successive 2D scattering patterns measured in situ during isothermal annealing led us to establish the time invariances of the average radii of the spherical Ni nanocrystals and the time dependence of their number, together with the time dependences of the maximum diameter, thickness, number and total volume of the hexagonal NiSi2 nanoplates buried in the Si wafer.

The development of multifunctional materials that combine optical transparency to room-temperature magnetism is still a great challenge. Here, we present an investigation on the room-temperature ferromagnetism of ceria (CeO 2) nanocrystalline films integrated to cobalt and platinum multilayered films (Co/Pt-ML) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The magnetic coupling between Co/Pt-ML and CeO 2 films spaced by Pt interlayers with different thicknesses (from 3 nm to 20 nm) enable stabilization and tuning of PMA along with the stacking at remanence. CeO 2 films on the Co/Pt-ML films exhibit domain structures consisting of nonconnected labyrinthine patterns dominated by protruding fingers similar to that of individual Co/Pt-ML films. Our present results demonstrate that the PMA of Co/Pt-ML films can be used to exploit the room-temperature ferromagnetism of transparent CeO 2 films and their multifunctionalities for emerging transparent electronics and spintronics such as high-density magnetic devices.The development of multifunctional materials that combine optical transparency to room-temperature magnetism is still a great challenge. Here, we present an investigation on the room-temperature ferromagnetism of ceria (CeO 2) nanocrystalline films integrated to cobalt and platinum multilayered films (Co/Pt-ML) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The magnetic coupling between Co/Pt-ML and CeO 2 films spaced by Pt interlayers with different thicknesses (from 3 nm to 20 nm) enable stabilization and tuning of PMA along with the stacking at remanence. CeO 2 films on the Co/Pt-ML films exhibit domain structures consisting of nonconnected labyrinthine patterns dominated by protruding fingers similar to that of individual Co/Pt-ML films. Our present results demonstrate that the PMA of Co/Pt-ML films can be used to exploit the room-temperature ferromagnetism of transparent CeO 2 films and their multifunctionalities for emerging transparent electronics and spintronics such as high-density mag...

Chromium nitride nanoparticles with mean diameter distribution between 0.8 nm and 30 nm were produced by laser irradiation of a chromium target immersed in liquid nitrogen. Cr was directly converted to chromium nitride nanoparticles according to selected-area electron diffraction analyses using the transmission electron microscopy technique. Crystalline nanoparticles mostly consist of Cr 2 N , which is commonly reported together with the conversion of Cr 2 N to CrN and the mixture of chromium oxides. In addition, there is no evidence of oxidation by storage or photodegradation of the nanoparticles in isopropyl alcohol suspensions. The intensity profile of small-angle X-ray scattering indicates that the geometrical shape of the nanoparticles is not spherical but cylindrical with aspect ratio (height-to-radius) of 0.35– 0.05. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy reveals the presence of surface plasmon absorption at the ultraviolet region at wavelengths of 350, 372, and 397 nm. First-principles calculations of density of states, dielectric function, and optical conductivity performed within the theoretical framework of density functional theory for Cr 2 N with a hexagonal structure corroborate the formation of surface plasmons.Chromium nitride nanoparticles with mean diameter distribution between 0.8 nm and 30 nm were produced by laser irradiation of a chromium target immersed in liquid nitrogen. Cr was directly converted to chromium nitride nanoparticles according to selected-area electron diffraction analyses using the transmission electron microscopy technique. Crystalline nanoparticles mostly consist of Cr 2 N , which is commonly reported together with the conversion of Cr 2 N to CrN and the mixture of chromium oxides. In addition, there is no evidence of oxidation by storage or photodegradation of the nanoparticles in isopropyl alcohol suspensions. The intensity profile of small-angle X-ray scattering indicates that the geometrical shape of the nanoparticles is not spherical but cylindrical with aspect ratio (height-to-radius) of 0.35– 0.05. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy reveals the presence of surface plasmon absorption at the ultraviolet region at wavelengths of 350, 372, and 397 nm. First-principles calcul...

Forest gaps, created by the falling of one or more trees, have been seen as a key factor for the maintenance of local plant diversity in tropical forests. In this study, our goal was to determine the floristic composition of woody plants colonizing natural gaps and in the understory of an open, bamboo-dominated (Guadua weberbaueri Pilg.) forest in southwestern Amazonia, Acre, Brazil. We sampled and identified woody plants (≥1 m tall and DBH≤10 cm) in 20 forest gaps and nine adjacent understories. In total, 1656 plants were identified in 159 species, 116 genera and 45 families. A list of species was created, containing habitat, habit, functional group, threat status (Brazilian Flora Red List) and abundance data for each species.

This investigation aims at studying-by in situ grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering-the process of growth of hexagonal CoSi2 nanoplatelets endotaxially buried in a Si(001) wafer. The early formation of spherical Co nanoparticles with bimodal size distribution in the deposited silica thin film during a pretreatment at 500 °C and their subsequent growth at 700 °C were also characterized. Isothermal annealing at 700 °C promotes a drastic reduction in the number of the smallest Co nanoparticles and a continuous decrease in their volume fraction in the silica thin film. At the same time, Co atoms diffuse across the SiO2/Si(001) interface into the silicon wafer, react with Si, and build up thin hexagonal CoSi2 nanoplatelets, all of them with their main surfaces parallel to Si{111} crystallographic planes. The observed progressive growths in thickness and lateral size of the hexagonal CoSi2 nanoplatelets occur at the expense of the dissolution of the small Co nanoparticles that are formed during the pretreatment at 500 °C and become unstable at the annealing temperature (700 °C). The kinetics of growth of the volume fraction of hexagonal platelets is well described by the classical Avrami equation., Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas

A presente dissertação, tem o objetivo fundamental de analisar a dimensão das repercussões que o conflito civil angolano teve na prossecução da Política de détente, celebrada no final da década de 1960, entre os Estados Unidos e a União Soviética, os dois principais contendentes pela suprema influência mundial. Com este foco em mente, recorre ao enquadramento histórico para conceptualizar a evolução das relações entre ambas as superpotências, no pós II guerra mundial, passando pela celebração da política de détente e todos os seus sucessos, não esquecendo a revolução portuguesa de 25 de Abril de 1974, que se tratou do evento propulsor da onda de independência das colónias portuguesas e, o cerne da questão, a fase inicial da guerra civil angolana, que de forma imprevista, viria a danificar, relevantemente, o clima de reaproximação entre os blocos adversários, podendo ser estudada como uma das suas principais crises. The present dissertation has the fundamental objective of analyzing how further the repercussions of the Angolan civil conflict contributed to the beginning of the deterioration of the policy of détente, established at the end of the decade of 1960, between the USA and the USSR, the two main contenders for the supreme influence, in the international political panorama. With this scope in mind, it resorts to the historical context and literature, to conceptualize the evolution of the relations between both superpowers, since the post-II world war period, passing the establishment of the policy of détente and all of its successes, the Portuguese revolution of April 25, 1974, that triggered the wave of independence in the Portuguese colonies and finishing on the topic of the Angolan crisis, which unpredictably caused irreversible damage to the rapprochement between the two adversary blocs.

Nos anos recentes, o surgimento económico e político da China, e a expansão da sua influência hegemónica têm obtido uma relevância significativa no palco das relações internacionais. Como tal, estudos que permitam analisar as motivações e mecanismos através dos quais este processo expansionista se realiza, adquiriram um grau de importância maior nos estudos da política externa chinesa contemporânea. Um dos principais mecanismos, desde 2013, tem sido a Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), cuja ambição, poder económico e financeiro, e promessas de desenvolvimento aparentam reforçar a sua posição como um veículo de expansão da influência chinesa pelo mundo. Esta dissertação pretende realizar uma análise da relação da BRI com os membros da Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), procurando perceber de que forma os impactos da iniciativa poderão influenciar o surgimento hegemónico chinês na região. Desde a década de 1990 que a ASEAN é um dos principais parceiros económicos e comerciais da China, e como tal, podemos considerar que em 2013, a ASEAN surgia como um dos principais beneficiantes das possíveis vantagens da BRI e dos seus possíveis riscos. Paralelamente, certas dinâmicas de interação da ASEAN, como a ASEAN Way, e outros fatores da esfera interna dos seus Estados surgem como variáveis essenciais para a realização deste estudo. Este projeto irá demonstrar como os impactos da BRI ultrapassam a esfera económica e financeiro, influenciando de forma variada a tomada de decisão política destes Estados para com a China, sendo dado um foco especial à tomada de decisão associado ao Mar do Sul da China, um dos pontos essenciais para a expansão hegemónica chinesa junto da ASEAN, e no maior palco do Indo- Pacífico. In recent years, the economic and political rise of China, and the expansion of its hegemonic influence have been subject to an increase in relevancy in the field of international relations. As such, studies that allow us to analyse the motives and mechanics through which this expansionist process occurs, have acquired um higher degree of importance in the study of contemporary Chinese foreign policy. Since 2013, one of the mains mechanisms has been the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), whose ambition, economic and financial power, and promises of development, appear to solidify its status as a means of expansion of Chinese influence in the world. This thesis pretends to perform an analysis of the relationship of BRI with the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), looking to understand in which way the impacts of said initiative can influence the rise of Chinese hegemony in the region. Since de 1990’s, ASEAN has been one of the main economic and trade partners of China, and as such, we can take in consideration that in 2013, ASEAN was in a solid position to be one of the main recipients of the possible advantages and risks that BRI could bring. At the same time, certain dynamics of ASEAN interactions, such as the ASEAN Way, and other factors pertaining to the internal sphere of its States, are crucial variables to take in account for this study. This project will demonstrate how the impacts of BRI go behind the economic and financial sphere, influencing in varied manners the political decision making of this States towards China, with a special focus being given to the decision making pertaining the South China Sea, one of the main points for the expansion of Chinese hegemony in ASEAN, and in the larger stage of the Indo-Pacific.

No contexto de uma alteração constante das dinâmicas regionais do Indo-Pacífico e da geopolítica global, a Ásia do Sul, como ponto central da região do Índico, está entre as principais regiões com capacidade geoestratégica para alterar o status quo. A China e o Paquistão, ao longo dos últimos 50 anos, têm fomentado as relações entre si ao nível político, cultural e económico, criando uma “irmandade de ferro” que amplificou a capacidade mútua de garantir o atingir dos principais objetivos da política externa de ambos. O eixo sino-paquistanês, que surgiu com base na necessidade da China e do Paquistão de contrabalançar a Índia no contexto regional, evoluiu até aos dias de hoje como um sistema de “aliança” bem cimentado e ambicioso que não só procura conter a Índia e o eixo indo-americano, como ainda tem como principal objetivo na atualidade a contenção norte-americana no espaço regional do Indo-Pacífico, permitindo a ascensão chinesa a poder hegemónico regional e a colocação paquistanesa num lugar de relevo no sistema internacional. Para tal, o CPEC, projeto apresentado, em 2013, como principal estratégia chinesa para o Índico, surge como o principal esforço sino-paquistanês para o aumento da influência chinesa e paquistanesa nas regiões da Ásia do Sul, da Ásia Central e do Médio Oriente, servindo como base para a estratégia chinesa no combate hegemónico com os EUA. O objetivo desta investigação é o de procurar perceber a evolução do eixo sino-paquistanês e a forma como este teve influência na forma como os jogos de poder têm sido jogados no Índico, sobretudo no embate com o eixo indo-americano. In the context of the everchanging Indo-Pacific regional dynamics and global geopolitics, and as the hub of the Indian Ocean region, South Asia is one of the main regions with the geostrategic capacity to change the status quo. Over the last 50 years, China and Pakistan have fostered their mutual relation on a political, cultural, and economic level, creating an “iron brotherhood” that has strengthened their joint ability to guarantee the accomplishment of both countries’ foreign policy’s main goals. The Sino Pakistani axis, which emerged based on China and Pakistan’s need to counterbalance India in the regional context, has evolved to the present day to be a well-grounded and ambitious “alliance” system that both seeks to contain India and the Indo-American axis, and, has its main objective, the containment of the USA in the regional space of the Indo-Pacific, therefore allowing the Chinese ascension to regional hegemonic power and the placement of Pakistan in a prominent place in the international system. To this end, the CPEC project, presented in 2013 as China’s main strategy for the Indian Ocean, emerges as the main Sino-Pakistani effort to increase Chinese and Pakistani influence in the regions of South and Central Asia and the Middle East, serving as the foundation for the Chinese strategy in its hegemonic fight with the USA. This investigation aims to try to comprehend the evolution of the Sino-Pakistani axis and how it influenced the way power games have played out in the Indian Ocean, especially regarding the clash with the Indo American axis.

A crescente importância do Atlântico Sul justifica o interesse que alguns países do Norte do oceano têm vindo a demonstrar em relação ao mesmo. Portugal é um desses países, que para além da sua posição geográfica privilegiada, tem também uma boa relação com alguns dos países do Sul. É o caso do Brasil e de Angola. Posto isto, a presente investigação tem como grande objetivo apresentar quais as principais linhas de política externa de Portugal para com o Brasil e Angola, evidenciando também o papel que o Instituto da Defesa Nacional tem na produção de conhecimento relativa a esta matéria. O relatório divide-se em três capítulos, em que o primeiro descreve a definição e a caracterização de política externa no geral, e da política externa portuguesa em particular; o segundo capítulo expõe qual a ligação de Portugal com o Brasil e com Angola, bem como qual a forma como faz política externa para com esses países; e, por fim, o terceiro capítulo contém informação acerca da instituição de estágio – o Instituto da Defesa Nacional –, da forma como essa contribui para a discussão do tema, bem como da descrição do estágio realizado na mesma. The increasing importance of the South Atlantic justifies the interest of some countries from the North of the ocean in the region. Portugal is one of those countries, which, besides its privileged geographical position, also has a good relationship with some of the countries from the South. It is the case of Brazil and Angola. This being said, this investigation’s key goal is to present the main lines of the Portuguese foreign policy toward Brazil and Angola, putting in evidence the role that the National Defense Institute has in the production of knowledge for this field of study. This report is divided in three chapters, in which the first one describes the definition and the characterization of foreign policy in general, and of Portuguese foreign policy in particular; the second chapter exposes the connection between Portugal and Brazil, and Angola, as well as the way Portugal engages with those in terms of foreign policy; and, at last, the third chapter contains information about the institution where the internship was taken – the National Defense Institute –, about how this institution contributes for the discussion of this investigation’s theme, as well as about the description of the internship.

O presente trabalho consiste na Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais, na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Pretende analisar a forma como o PAIGC se aproveitou do cenário bipolar característico da Guerra Fria para alavancar sua caminhada rumo a independência. Neste sentido analisámos a história da Guerra Fria, seguido do processo de descolonização a partir do final da Segunda Guerra Mundial para depois concentrarmos no caso específico do PAIGC, desde sua formação em 1956 até o inicio do confronto armado com o governo português. Numa fase posterior analisámos o modo como o PAIGC consegue as ajudas provenientes do Bloco Comunista e, em que moldes essa ajuda foi materializada. Com o intuito de demonstrarmos no final de que forma o cenário bipolar acabou por facilitar ao PAIGC a obtenção do seu objetivo maior que era a independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde. Houve a preocupação de alcançar os objetivos propostos chamando a atenção para os grandes temas e momentos mais relevantes que caracterizaram o período em analise. The proposed work here consist in Masters Degree in Political Sciences and International Relations, from the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Its goal is to analyse the way PAIGC managed the bipolar scenario of the Cold War to establish their path to Independence. Therefore we analyze the history of Cold War, following the decolonization that started in the end of the Second World War so that later we could focus on the specific case of PAIGC since its formation in 1956 until the beginning of the armed confrontation with the portuguese government. Afterwords we follow an analysis of the way PAIGC managed the foreign aid provided by the comunist party and by what means this help was established. The bottom line was to demonstrate the way that the bipolar scenario facilitated PAIGC in the conquering of the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde. The concern was to achieve the previously settled goals by showing the great moments and discussions that characterized this period.