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Background and Objective: This study reports a case series of patients with persistent macular holes (MHs) who underwent human amniotic membrane subretinal placement to achieve successful anatomic MH closure. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective case series of patients with persistently open full-thickness MHs who underwent human amniotic membrane placement. Patients were observed up to 6 months postoperatively. Results: Ten patients were included. The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 1.6 logMAR (20/800). Postoperatively, mean best-corrected visual acuity improved to 1.3 logMAR (20/400) at 1 month and 1.1 logMAR (20/250) by the 3- and 6-month visits. In all cases, the MH appeared closed at the 1-week visit and remained closed at their last follow-up. Optical coherence tomography showed closure in all cases. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Human amniotic membrane sub-retinal placement may serve as a useful surgical technique to assist in the closure of recalcitrant macular holes. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023;54:218–222.]

Chalazia are benign eyelid lesions caused by the obstruction and inflammatory reaction of the meibomian glands. Demodex mites are one potential cause of chalazia leading to mechanical obstruction of the meibomian gland. In this prospective randomized study, we examine a novel approach to treating chalazia with the use of microblepharoexfoliation (MBE), an in-office lid hygiene technique that exfoliates the eyelid margins.Fifty patients with clinical evidence of acute chalazion were enrolled in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a MBE plus lid hygiene group (23 patients, mean age 66.6 ± 16.6 years) or a lid hygiene alone group (27 patients, mean age 62.1 ± 14.4). The MBE plus lid hygiene group received MBE treatment and were evaluated 1 month after the baseline visit. The main outcome measured was the resolution of the chalazion at the 1-month follow-up visit.The lid hygiene plus MBE treatment group demonstrated a statistically significant resolution of the chalazion compared with the lid hygiene group alone ( P = 0.007; chi-square test). Among the MBE plus hygiene group, 87% of the patients had resolution of their chalazion as opposed to the lid hygiene alone group, which had 44% resolution.This is the first prospective, randomized clinical trial that demonstrated efficacy of MBE as a noninvasive adjunctive treatment method for chalazion resolution.

LC-MS/MS analysis of lipid metabolites in PDX BL0269

PTUPB did not increase cisplatin cytotoxicity in the J82, T24 and TCCSUP bladder cancer cell lines

Cisplatin-based therapy is highly toxic, but moderately effective in most cancers. Concurrent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) results in antitumor activity and has organ-protective effects. The goal of this study was to determine the antitumor activity of PTUPB, an orally bioavailable COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine (GC) therapy. NSG mice bearing bladder cancer patient-derived xenografts were treated with vehicle, PTUPB, cisplatin, GC, or combinations thereof. Mouse experiments were performed with two different PDX models. PTUPB potentiated cisplatin and GC therapy, resulting in significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival. PTUPB plus cisplatin was no more toxic than cisplatin single-agent treatment as assessed by body weight, histochemical staining of major organs, blood counts, and chemistry. The combination of PTUPB and cisplatin increased apoptosis and decreased phosphorylation in the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways compared with controls. PTUPB treatment did not alter platinum–DNA adduct levels, which is the most critical step in platinum-induced cell death. The in vitro study using the combination index method showed modest synergy between PTUPB and platinum agents only in 5637 cell line among several cell lines examined. However, PTUPB is very active in vivo by inhibiting angiogenesis. In conclusion, PTUPB potentiated the antitumor activity of cisplatin-based treatment without increasing toxicity in vivo and has potential for further development as a combination chemotherapy partner. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 474–83. ©2017 AACR.

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Introduction: The incidence of cancers in New York State (NYS) before and after 9/11 including lung, colorectal, and renal cancers has been previously described. To date, the incidence of head and neck cancers (HNCs) before and after 9/11 has not been described. Methods: Cancers involving the oral cavity and oropharynx; the nose, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and middle ear; larynx; and thyroid were identified using the New York State Cancer Registry (NYSCR). Age-adjusted incidence and rates per 100,000 residents from 1987 to 2015 were analyzed using joinpoint regression. Trends in incidence using annual percent changes are presented. Results: The overall rate of HNC increased slightly by 0.7% (p < 0.001) from 1987 to 2003 in NYS. From 2003 to 2008, the rate increased by 5.73% (p < 0.001), and from 2008 to 2015, the rate increased by 1.68% (p < 0.001). The rate of thyroid cancer increased by 6.79% (p < 0.001) from 1987 to 2003, by 9.99% (p < 0.001) from 2003 to 2009, and by 2.41% (p = 0.001) from 2009 to 2015. The rate of thyroid cancer was higher in women at all time points. In a subset analysis of HNCs excluding thyroid cancer, the rate decreased by 2.02% (p < 0.001) from 1991 to 2001, followed by a nonsignificant increase of 0.1% (p = 0.515) from 2001 to 2015. The rate of oropharyngeal (OP) cancer significantly increased from 1999 to 2015 (2.65%; p < 0.001). The rate of oral cavity cancer significantly decreased from 1987 to 2003 (1.97%; p < 0.001), with no significant change after 2003. The rate of laryngeal cancer decreased significantly by 2.43% (p < 0.001) from 1987 to 2015, as did the rate of nasal cavity/nasopharyngeal cancer (0.33%; p = 0.03). Conclusions: In NYS, OP cancer and thyroid cancer rates increased significantly during the study period. The rate of thyroid cancer was higher in women. The rate of combined HNC increased significantly after 9/11 compared to before 9/11; however, in a subset analysis of all HNC patients excluding thyroid cancer, the rate decreased significantly prior to 9/11 and then nonsignificantly increased afterward. This suggests that the increase in thyroid cancer accounts for the increase in combined HNC in NYS. The impact of 9/11 on rates of HNC requires further research.

Background and Objective: A previous report demonstrated efficacy of mineralocorticoid antagonist with adjuvant topical dexamethasone (MRA+DEX) in resolving subretinal fluid (SRF) in a chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patient. This pilot study investigates the use of MRA+DEX to treat recalcitrant, chronic CSCR patients. Study Design: Retrospective review of chronic, recalcitrant CSCR patients unresponsive to MRA alone who were treated with MRA+DEX and followed for up to 3 months. Apical SRF thickness and visual acuity were measured. Results: Ten eyes of eight chronic, recalcitrant patients were included with an average follow-up of 109 days. Mean percent reduction in apical fluid thickness at one month and at last follow-up after adding dexamethasone (DEX) was 33% and 52%, respectively. Five eyes (50%) achieved complete resolution of SRF. Three eyes (30%) showed partial response and two (20%) eyes had no response. There was no significant change in visual acuity. Conclusions: MRA+DEX decreased SRF in some recalcitrant, chronic CSCR patients. Large prospective studies are needed to evaluate the utility of MRA+DEX in these chronic CSCR patients. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022;53:659–665.]

Objective To compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) and elective neck dissection (END) in the surgical management of cT1-2N0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Methods English full-text articles were searched in PubMed and Embase on May 9, 2021. Articles had to compare SNB with END in cT1-T2N0 OCSCC patients; report hazard ratios (HRs), Kaplan-Meier curves, or P-values with total number of events for survival outcomes; be from a clinical trial, cohort, or case-control study. Two reviewers reviewed articles and a third settled disagreements. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool and revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials were used. The generic inverse variance method with a random-effect model was used for meta-analysis. Results Ten studies, five retrospective, three prospective, and two randomized controlled trials, were included (total number of patients [n] = 10,498, END n = 9102, SNB n = 1396). No significant differences were found in OS (HR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-1.31) or DFS (HR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.41-1.20). Heterogeneity was not detected in pooled OS analysis (P = .18; I2 = 30%), but was in pooled DFS analysis (P = .003; I2 = 66%). Conclusions No statistically significant differences in OS or DFS were observed between SNB and END in cT1-2N0 OCSCC, suggesting that SNB might be an alternative to END in the management of early-stage, clinically node-negative OCSCC. Laryngoscope, 2021.

IL-36γ, a pro-inflammatory member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily, can be induced and secreted by normal human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) in response to pathogenic stimuli, however, the mechanisms underlying the secretion are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that stimulation with the TLR3 agonist, poly (I:C), led to a delayed secretion of IL-36γ compared to stimulation with the TLR5 agonist, flagellin, despite equal levels of the cytokine (p = 0.006). IL-36γ was shown to be released from HFKs in its inactive, uncleaved form, based on western blotting. Moreover, recombinant IL-36γ in its activated, cleaved form induced endogenous IL-36γ 10-fold (p = 0.004) and CXCL8 five-fold (p = 0.003) over baseline levels compared to unactivated full-length recombinant IL-36γ. The ratio of LC3b-II/LC3b-I was significantly higher in poly(I:C)-treated cells compared to flagellin-treated and unstimulated controls without a change in SQSTM1/p62 after 24 hours of stimulation (p = 0.043). Under fluorescence microscopy, poly(I:C) led to a two-fold increase at eight hours and four-fold increase at 24 hours in accumulated autophagosomes post-stimulation (p = 0.032). In contrast, autophagosomes were unchanged relative to baseline in response to flagellin. Bafilomycin A1 treatment enhanced poly(I:C)-mediated IL-36γ secretion (p = 0.044) while rapamycin led to a noticeable, but non-significant, increase in flagellin-mediated IL-36γ secretion, indicating that interrupting autophagic flux can alter IL-3γ grelease from HFKs. Finally, we show that, compared to clinically normal laryngeal tissue, there were significantly higher levels of LC3b-II in HPV-infected respiratory papilloma tissue, indicating a higher number of autophagosomes; a signature of disrupted autophagic flux.

Background Neuro-ophthalmologic conditions are at a higher risk of misdiagnosis compared to other ophthalmic conditions. Increased awareness of the most common diagnostic errors in neuro-ophthalmology that lead to malpractice claims can allow ophthalmologists to further improve their diagnostic workup to reduce delays in diagnosis and management, while also mitigating the risk of litigation. Methods Malpractice trials in the Westlaw Legal Database that involved cases of neuro-ophthalmologic diagnostic errors or failures by ophthalmologists were included in this study. Results A total of 43 cases were included, all citing failure to diagnose as the main reason for litigation. The most common diagnoses missed were cerebrovascular pathologies (30.2%), intracranial tumours (27.9%) and giant cell arteritis (25.6%). The majority of verdicts were in favour of the defendants (48.8%). After adjusting for inflation, the average amount awarded was $1,952,154. Conclusion Nearly half of the cases resulted in a defendant verdict. Settlement and plaintiff verdicts were costly, with average awards of approximately two million inflation-adjusted dollars. Failure to diagnose cerebrovascular pathologies was the most common diagnostic error followed by failure to diagnose intracranial tumours and giant cell arteritis. It is crucial for ophthalmologists to be aware of the most common pitfalls that lead to misdiagnosis or delays in diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmologic conditions.

Background: Awareness of the outcomes of cataract surgery-related malpractice litigation in the United States allows for ophthalmologists to better understand how to improve patient care and reduce...

Syndromic ciliopathies and retinal degenerations are large heterogeneous groups of genetic diseases. CFAP418 is a causative gene of both disorders, and its protein sequence is evolutionarily conserved. However, the pathogenic mechanism caused by CFAP418 mutations is largely unknown. Here, we employed affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry and quantitative lipidomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic approaches to address the molecular function of CFAP418 in mouse retinas. We showed that CFAP418 bound to lipid metabolism precursor phosphatidic acid (PA) and mitochondrion-specific lipid cardiolipin but did not form a tight and static complex with proteins. Loss of Cfap418 led to membrane lipid imbalance and protein-membrane association alteration, which subsequently caused mitochondrial defects and membrane remodeling abnormalities in multiple vesicular trafficking pathways. Loss of Cfap418 also increased the activity of PA-binding protein kinase Cα. Our results indicate that membrane lipid imbalance is a new pathological mechanism underlying syndromic ciliopathies and retinal degenerations, which is associated with other known causative genes for these diseases, such as RAB28 and BBS genes.

BACKGROUND Medical litigation is different than it was 20 years ago due to changes in health care. This study provides an updated analysis of oral cavity malpractice litigation from the past two decades (2000-2010 and 2011-2019). METHODS Verdict reviews from the Westlaw database were analyzed from January 2000 to August 2019. Data were collected and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS Sixty-five lawsuits were evaluated across 24 states. Failure to diagnose was the most common allegation in both decades. Adjusting for inflation, the average amount awarded from 2000 to 2010 was $1 721 068 and $3 925 504 from 2011 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS There has been a significant rise in allegations of failure to biopsy and failure to refer (p

We describe the performance of high bandwidth-density silicon photonic based integrated circuits (SiPh ICs) that enable the first fully functional photonic engine (PE) module co-packaged with an Ethernet switch. We demonstrate the 1.6 Tbps SiPh transmitter (Tx) IC that integrates on-die all the lasers, micro ring modulators, monitor photodetectors, spot size converters, and V-grooves that are needed to support sixteen 106.25 Gbps PAM4 optical transmit channels. This SiPh Tx, together with discrete receiver (Rx) SiPh ICs, enabled an 800 Gbps PE. The PE is designed to allow up to sixteen modules to be co-packaged around a high-bandwidth switch ASIC. The PE test results described in this article were obtained using sixteen 53.125 Gbps electrical channels that were multiplexed to drive eight simultaneously operating 106.25 Gbps optical channels. We report DR4 IEEE standards compliant high-speed optical eye performance as well as full link operation. Post-FEC error-free operation over temperature and over extended time duration is demonstrated on all channels.

The pigmentation mutation speck is a commonly used recombination marker characterized by a darkly pigmented region at the wing hinge. Identified in 1910 by Thomas Hunt Morgan, speck was characterized by Sturtevant as the most 'workable' mutant in the rightmost region of the second chromosome and eventually localized to 2-107.0 and 60C1-2. Though the first speck mutation was isolated over 115 years ago, speck is still not associated with any gene. Here, as part of an undergraduate-led research effort, we show that speck is encoded by the Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (AANAT1) gene. Both alleles from the Morgan lab contain a retrotransposon in exon 1 of the RB transcript of the AANAT1 gene. We have also identified a new insertion allele and generated multiple deletion alleles in AANAT1 that all give a strong speck phenotype. In addition, expression of AANAT1 RNAi constructs either ubiquitously or in the dorsal portion of the developing wing generates a similar speck phenotype. We find that speck alleles have additional phenotypes, including ectopic pigmentation in the posterior pupal case, leg joints, cuticular sutures and overall body color. We propose that the acetylated dopamine generated by AANAT1 decreases the dopamine pool available for melanin production. When AANAT1 function is decreased, the excess dopamine enters the melanin pathway to generate the speck phenotype.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether radiologically defined sarcopenia at the C3 or L3 level as measured by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is prognostic of overall survival (OS) in head and neck cancers (HNCs). METHODS Literature searches of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were conducted on July 12, 2019, to include articles written in the English language with no constraints on publication date. To be included in the analysis, articles had to report the prognostic impact of skeletal muscle mass measured radiologically at the C3 or L3 vertebral level in HNC patients; hazard ratios (HRs) for OS; 95% confidence intervals (CIs); be from a clinical trial, cohort, or case-control study; and have English full-text availability. Articles were reviewed in consensus by two reviewers, with disagreements reviewed by a third reviewer. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Checklist guidelines were used for reporting. Study quality assessment was performed using Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. The random-effects DerSimonian and Laird method was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Ten articles, nine retrospective and one prospective, were included in this meta-analysis (n = 2,181 patients). Significant differences were found in OS for HNC patients with sarcopenia (HR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.64-2.39; P

Silicon photonics is a key element to datacenter connectivity. We review recent progress on fully integrated Silicon photonics transmitters with heterogeneously integrated DFB lasers at Intel Corporation, and discuss future areas of development.

To investigate whether steady state pattern electroretinogram (ssPERG) could identify retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction, and to assess the relationship between ssPERG with optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements in glaucoma suspects (GS).This was a prospective cohort study of GS, identified based on suspicious optic disk appearance and glaucoma risk factors. Complete eye exam, Standard automated perimetry, OCT, and ssPERG were performed. Magnitude (Mag), Magnitude D (MagD), and MagD/Mag ratio were subsequently used in the correlation and linear regression analyses between ssPERG parameters and the RNFL, GCL/IPL, and macular thicknesses measurements.Forty-nine eyes of 26 patients were included. Mag and MagD were significantly correlated with the superior, inferior, and average RNFL thicknesses (avRNFLT). All ssPERG parameters were significantly correlated with the average and minimum GCL/IPL thicknesses and the inner macular sector thicknesses. Mag and MagD significantly predicted the superior, inferior, and avRNFLT in the regression analysis. All ssPERG parameters were predictive of GCL/IPL thickness in all sectors as well as the average and minimum GCL/IPL thicknesses. All ssPERG parameters were predictive of all inner macular sector thicknesses and MagD was also predictive of some outer macular sector thicknesses as well.ssPERG has significant correlations with and is predictive of RNFL, GCL/IPL, and macular thicknesses in glaucoma suspects.ssPERG may serve as a useful objective functional tool for identifying and following the progression of disease in glaucoma suspects.Tirsi A, Wong A, Zhu D

OBJECTIVE To investigate how differences in treatment parameters account for survival differences between races of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING National Cancer Database. METHODS Data of patients with OPSCC undergoing radiation therapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiation therapy as primary treatment were obtained from the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016. We analyzed 4 treatment-related time intervals to determine their impact on survival between races when controlling for human papilloma virus (HPV) status. Cox proportional hazards models, stepwise logistic regressions, covariate adjustments, and propensity score matching were performed. RESULTS A total of 3152 patients were identified (2877 White, 275 Black). In HPV- cases, Black patients with prolonged radiation duration had a significantly worse overall survival as compared with White patients (hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.03-3.05; P = .039). In a logistic regression model, the only covariate that was significantly associated with prolonged RT was facility type. When further adjusted for facility type, the survival difference between Black and White patients with HPV- status and prolonged RT times was no longer significant (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.90-2.69; P = .116). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant disparity in overall survival between Black and White patients with HPV- OPSCC when RT duration is prolonged. Clinicians should be aware of the negative impact of prolonged RT, especially in Black patients, so that they can attempt to decrease treatment-related time intervals. Facility type was also found to affect the outcomes of patients with OPSCC, and efforts should be made to improve patient access to well-equipped, high-volume facilities.

ATRX is one of the most frequently altered genes in solid tumors, and mutation is especially frequent in soft tissue sarcomas. However, the role of ATRX in tumor development and response to cancer therapies remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a primary mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma and showed that Atrx deleted tumors are more sensitive to radiation therapy. In the absence of Atrx, irradiated sarcomas have increased persistent DNA damage, telomere dysfunction, and mitotic catastrophe. We find that Atrx deleted sarcomas have a reduced adaptive immune response, impaired cGAS-STING signaling, and increased sensitivity to an oncolytic herpesvirus therapy. Translation of these results to patients with ATRX mutant cancers could enable genomically-guided cancer therapeutic approaches that improve patient outcomes.

We demonstrate a high-efficiency PAM4 silicon photonics transmitter optimized through end-to-end system modeling for applications up to 10km on four-channel CWDM4 grid. Our measurements show a close agreement with simulations meeting 400G-FR4 requirements with 1.7Vppd.

Web and mobile technologies enable ubiquitous access to information. Yet, it is getting harder, even for subject matter experts, to quickly identify quality, trustworthy, and reliable content available online through search engines powered by advanced knowledge graphs. This paper explores the practical applications of Domain Specific Knowledge Graphs that allow for the extraction of information from trusted published and unpublished sources, to map the extracted information to an ontology defined in collaboration with sector experts, and to enable the public to go from single queries into ongoing conversations meeting their knowledge needs reliably. We focused on Social-Impact Funding, an area of need for over one million nonprofit organizations, foundations, government entities, social entrepreneurs, impact investors, and academic institutions in the US.

To determine the pooled global prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19).Literature searches of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were conducted on April 19, 2020, to include articles written in English that reported the prevalence of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.Search strategies developed for each database contained keywords such asTen studies were analyzed for olfactory dysfunction (n = 1627), demonstrating 52.73% (95% CI, 29.64%-75.23%) prevalence among patients with COVID-19. Nine studies were analyzed for gustatory dysfunction (n = 1390), demonstrating 43.93% (95% CI, 20.46%-68.95%) prevalence. Subgroup analyses were conducted for studies evaluating olfactory dysfunction using nonvalidated and validated instruments and demonstrated 36.64% (95% CI, 18.31%-57.24%) and 86.60% (95% CI, 72.95%-95.95%) prevalence, respectively.Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are common symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and may represent early symptoms in the clinical course of infection. Increased awareness of this fact may encourage earlier diagnosis and treatment, as well as heighten vigilance for viral transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to report on the prevalence of these symptoms in COVID-19 patients.

Many CSS tutorials exist online, yet novice web developers struggle to learn and apply professional CSS techniques. In this paper, we introduce Knowledge Maps (KM), a platform that guides novice developers to understand and compare professional web examples in order to learn and apply each example's professional techniques. By comparing professional techniques, learners are able to identify the tradeoffs and use cases associated with each technique. Knowledge Maps (KM) introduces three process management mechanisms to help learners understand examples: highlighted CSS properties, interactive CSS properties, and guided reflection prompts. In a user study where 9 users interacted with the Knowledge Maps (KM) platform on two examples using CSS grid layout, learners were able to understand the pros and cons between the CSS grid layout technique used in each example. Learners also demonstrated that they could apply their understanding to new use cases.

We demonstrate 1.6Tbps Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuit (SiPIC) meeting co-packaged optics requirements for network switch applications. The SiPIC has sixteen 106Gbps PAM4 optical channels, including lasers, modulators and V-grooves. Post-FEC error-free operation over temperature is demonstrated.

A 400Gbps PAM-4 fully integrated DR4 silicon photonics transmitter with four heterogeneously integrated DFB lasers has been demonstrated for data center applications over a temperature range of 0~70°C and a reach of up to 2km

Cisplatin-based therapy is highly toxic, but moderately effective in most cancers. Concurrent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) results in antitumor activity and has organ-protective effects. The goal of this study was to determine the antitumor activity of PTUPB, an orally bioavailable COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine (GC) therapy. NSG mice bearing bladder cancer patient-derived xenografts were treated with vehicle, PTUPB, cisplatin, GC, or combinations thereof. Mouse experiments were performed with two different PDX models. PTUPB potentiated cisplatin and GC therapy, resulting in significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival. PTUPB plus cisplatin was no more toxic than cisplatin single-agent treatment as assessed by body weight, histochemical staining of major organs, blood counts, and chemistry. The combination of PTUPB and cisplatin increased apoptosis and decreased phosphorylation in the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways compared with controls. PTUPB treatment did not alter platinum–DNA adduct levels, which is the most critical step in platinum-induced cell death. The in vitro study using the combination index method showed modest synergy between PTUPB and platinum agents only in 5637 cell line among several cell lines examined. However, PTUPB is very active in vivo by inhibiting angiogenesis. In conclusion, PTUPB potentiated the antitumor activity of cisplatin-based treatment without increasing toxicity in vivo and has potential for further development as a combination chemotherapy partner. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 474–83. ©2017 AACR.