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2. The Impact of Senior Author Profile on Publication Level of Evidence in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Author

Jessica D. Blum, MSc, Anchith Kota, BA, Dillan F. Villavisanis, BA, Daniel Y. Cho, MD, PhD, Jordan W. Swanson, MD, MSc, Scott P. Bartlett, MD, and Jesse A. Taylor, MD, FACS, FAAP

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background:. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) incorporated the level of evidence (LOE) pyramid in 2011 to highlight evidence-based medicine in plastic surgery. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the profile of senior authors publishing in PRS and the LOE of publications. Methods:. All accepted publications by American senior authors to PRS between January 2018 and March 2020 were classified by LOE. Demographic, educational, and career data on all senior authors were collected using publicly available online resources. Results:. A total of 1030 articles were screened‚ of which 266 (25.8%) were eligible for LOE classification with the following distribution: I, 0.8%; II, 14.3%; III, 45.1%; IV, 33.1%; and V, 7.1%. Senior author demographic factors, including gender and race/ethnicity, did not significantly impact LOE (P > 0.05 for all). An advanced degree was associated with more publications per year, and only a PhD (P = 0.022) and board certification (P = 0.012) were associated with a higher LOE of publications (P = 0.022). Physicians working in an academic setting were significantly more likely to publish level III evidence than their private/community-based counterparts (P = 0.006). Breast papers constituted the highest proportion of level III evidence (41.4%; P < 0.001). Conclusions:. Most publications in PRS contain level III-IV evidence. Senior author gender, race, and ethnicity did not impact LOE of publications. Plastic surgery board certification, possession of a PhD, and academic practice setting were associated with higher LOE of publications.

Published
2022
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16. 27. Parietal Bone Thickness Predicts Intraoperative Blood Loss and Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Spring Mediated Cranioplasty for Non-syndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis

Author

Dillan F. Villavisanis, BA, Daniel Y. Cho, MD, PhD, Sameer Shakir, MD, Christopher L. Kalmar, MD, MBA, Connor S. Wagner, BS, Liana Cheung, MBBS, Jessica D. Blum, MSc, Shih-Shan Lang, MD, Gregory G. Heuer, MD, PhD, Peter J. Madsen, MD, MBE, Scott P. Bartlett, MD, Jordan W. Swanson, MD, Jesse A. Taylor, MD, and Alexander M. Tucker, MD

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Published
2022
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23. Globalization of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Continent, Country, and State-Level Analysis of Publications

Author

Andrew E. Liechty, BS, James R. Sherpa, BA, Jonathan S. Trejo, BA, Mackenzie M. French, BA, Cameron J. Kneib, MD, Daniel Y. Cho, MD, PhD, and Jeffrey B. Friedrich, MD, MC

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background:. Over the past decade, there has been a worldwide increase in plastic and reconstructive surgery research as well as increased interest in global collaboration. However, little is known about who is contributing to this global expansion or the trends of individual countries. The aim of our study was to analyze the output of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) over a decade to elucidate trends in the plastic surgery field. Methods:. The country of origin for all first authors of articles published by PRS from 2010 to 2019 were determined and date extracted using PubMed2XL. The change in frequency of publications over the decade by country, continental contributions, as well as state-level analysis within the United States were analyzed. Results:. From 2010 to 2019, there were a total number of 8680 publications with an increase in total articles from 747 to 1049 per year. 54 countries contributed over the decade, with the United States producing the most followed by Italy, China, Canada, and the UK. The top producing states were Texas, New York, California, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. Conclusions:. The last decade (2010–2019) saw a large international increase in research, not only with the total number of publications, but also in the diversity of originating country. Our work shows a shift away from a US-focused journal to incorporate more work from our international colleagues, as research is conducted in centers across the globe.

Published
2020
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28. Spinal pseudomeningocele closure: capsulofascial interposition technique

Author

Jinggang J. Ng, Jessica D. Blum, Daniel Y. Cho, Liana Cheung, Dominic J. Romeo, David W. Low, Jesse A. Taylor, Gregory G. Heuer, Jordan W. Swanson, and Tracy M. Flanders

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine
Published
2023

31. Associations of Facial Proportionality, Attractiveness, and Character Traits

Author

Dillan F. Villavisanis, Clifford I. Workman, Daniel Y. Cho, Zachary D. Zapatero, Connor S. Wagner, Jessica D. Blum, Scott P. Bartlett, Jordan W. Swanson, Anjan Chatterjee, and Jesse A. Taylor

Subjects
Beauty, Judgment, Social Perception, Otorhinolaryngology, Face, Humans, Surgery, General Medicine
Abstract

Facial proportionality and symmetry are positively associated with perceived levels of facial attractiveness.The aims of this study were to confirm and extend the association of proportionality with perceived levels of attractiveness and character traits and determine differences in attractiveness and character ratings between "anomalous" and "typical" faces using a large dataset.Ratings of 597 unique individuals from the Chicago Face Database were used. A formula was developed as a proxy of relative horizontal proportionality, where a proportionality score of "0" indicated perfect proportionality and more negative scores indicated less proportionality. Faces were categorized as "anomalous" or "typical" by 2 independent reviewers based on physical features.Across the ratings for all faces, Spearman correlations revealed greater proportionality was associated with attractiveness ( ρ = 0.292, P0.001) and trustworthiness ( ρ = 0.193, P0.001), while lesser proportionality was associated with impressions of anger (ρ = 0.132, P = 0.001), dominance (ρ = 0.259, P0.001), and threateningness ( ρ = 0.234, P0.001). Mann-Whitney U tests revealed the typical cohort had significantly higher levels of proportionality (-13.98 versus -15.14, P = 0.030) and ratings of attractiveness (3.39 versus 2.99, P0.001) and trustworthiness (3.48 versus 3.35, P0.001).This study demonstrated that facial proportionality is not only significantly associated with higher ratings of attractiveness, but also associated with judgements of trustworthiness. Proportionality plays a role in evoking negative attributions of personality characteristics to people with facial anomalies.

Published
2022

38. Management of Traumatic Soft Tissue Injuries of the Face

Author

Daniel Y. Cho, Brooke E. Willborg, and G. Nina Lu

Subjects
Facial trauma, medicine.medical_specialty, Debridement, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Soft tissue, Parotid duct, medicine.disease, Lacrimal apparatus, Facial nerve, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Soft tissue injury, medicine, Craniofacial, business
Abstract

Facial soft tissue injuries encompass a broad spectrum of presentations and often present significant challenges to the craniofacial surgeon. A thorough and systematic approach to these patients is critical to ensure that the patient is stabilized, other injuries identified, and the full extent of the injuries are assessed. Initial management focuses on wound cleaning with irrigation, hemostasis, and debridement of nonviable tissue. Definitive management is dependent on the region of the face involved with special considerations for critical structures such as the globe, lacrimal apparatus, facial nerve, and parotid duct. Following sound surgical principles, these injuries can be managed to maximize both functional and aesthetic outcomes while minimizing complications.

Published
2021

39. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Gdiom Gebreheat Abady, Hadis Pourchamani, Ali Bijani, Hai Quang Pham, Mehdi Naderi, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Navid Rabiee, Rosa A. S. Couto, Marina Pinheiro, Luis Camera, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, David Laith Rawaf, Irina Filip, Ratilal Lalloo, Spencer L. James, Suzanne Polinder, Rohollah Kalhor, Tanuj Kanchan, Ali Manafi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Bach Xuan Tran, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Navid Manafi, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Samer Hamidi, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Diana Zuleika Velazquez, Simon I. Hay, Ravensara S. Travillian, Michael T. Chung, Narinder Kumar, Daniel Y. Cho, David C. Schwebel, Milena Ilic, Tommi Vasankari, Jeevan Pereira, Ai-Min Wu, Zichen Liu, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Jalal Arabloo, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Bhawna Gupta, Giang Thu Vu, G Anil Kumar, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Ali H. Mokdad, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Amir Radfar, Rakhi Dandona, Bartosz Miazgowski, Irena Ilic, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Amin Soheili, Malke Asaad, Catherine Bisignano, Masood Ali Shaikh, Lalit Dandona, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Maciej Banach, Xiaochen Dai, Ritesh G. Menezes, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Vinod C Nayak, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Mikk Jürisson, Florian Fischer, Salman Rawaf, Aidin Abedi, Andrew T Olagunju, Nikita Otstavnov, Rovshan Khalilov, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Savita Lasrado, Vahid Alipour, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Stephen S Lim, Srikanta Banerjee, A. A. Fomenkov, Jung-Chen Chang, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Theo Vos, Taras Kavetskyy, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Yousef Mohammad, Farshad Farzadfar, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Birhanu, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Wondwossen Niguse Asmare, Pascual R. Valdez, Abdallah M. Samy, Christopher J L Murray, Juanita A. Haagsma, Maseer Khan, Cameron J. Kneib, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and University of Helsinki

Subjects
Burden of disease, EXCESS MORTALITY, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Population, Osteoporosis, UNITED-STATES, OSTEOPOROSIS, Global Burden of Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Fractures, Bone, 0302 clinical medicine, Age groups, Epidemiology, INJURY, medicine, Prevalence, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Humans, Disabled Persons, education, Aged, 030222 orthopedics, education.field_of_study, Hip fracture, business.industry, Public health, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, HIP FRACTURE, Articles, medicine.disease, NONUNION, 3. Good health, LIFE, Psychiatry and Mental health, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Family Practice, business, COSTS, Osteoporotic Fractures, Demography
Abstract

Background Bone fractures are a global public health issue; however, to date, no comprehensive study of their incidence and burden has been done. We aimed to measure the global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of fractures from 1990 to 2019. Methods Using the framework of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we compared numbers and age-standardised rates of global incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of fractures across the 21 GBD regions and 204 countries and territories, by age, sex, and year, from 1990 to 2019. We report estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Globally, in 2019, there were 178 million (95% UI 162-196) new fractures (an increase of 33.4% [30.1-37.0] since 1990), 455 million (428-484) prevalent cases of acute or long-term symptoms of a fracture (an increase of 70.1% [67.5-72.5] since 1990), and 25.8 million (17.8-35.8) YLDs (an increase of 65.3% [62.4-68.0] since 1990). The age-standardised rates of fractures in 2019 were 2296.2 incident cases (2091.1-2529.5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 9.6% [8.1-11.1] since 1990), 5614.3 prevalent cases (5286.1-5977.5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 6.7% [5.7-7.6] since 1990), and 319.0 YLDs (220.1-442.5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 8.4% [7.2-9.5] since 1990). Lower leg fractures of the patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle were the most common and burdensome fracture in 2019, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 419.9 cases (345.8-512.0) per 100 000 population and an age-standardised rate of YLDs of 190.4 (125.0-276.9) per 100 000 population. In 2019, age-specific rates of fracture incidence were highest in the oldest age groups, with, for instance, 15 381.5 incident cases (11 245.3-20 651.9) per 100 000 population in those aged 95 years and older. Interpretation The global age-standardised rates of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs for fractures decreased slightly from 1990 to 2019, but the absolute counts increased substantially. Older people have a particularly high risk of fractures, and more widespread injury-prevention efforts and access to screening and treatment of osteoporosis for older individuals should help to reduce the overall burden. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2021

41. Globalization of The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Over The Last Decade: A Continent, Country, and State Level Analysis

Author

Srinvas M Susarla, Mackenzie M French, Jeffrey B. Friedrich, Giap H. Vu, Emily M Robinson, Erin V. O’Rorke, Daniel Y. Cho, and Andrew E Liechty

Subjects
Economic growth, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Objective measurement, 030206 dentistry, General Medicine, Country of origin, 03 medical and health sciences, Globalization, 0302 clinical medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, State (polity), Medicine, Surgery, Craniofacial, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, China, business, Craniofacial surgery, media_common, Diversity (politics)
Abstract

Craniofacial surgery continues to be a rapidly evolving field, due in part to interdisciplinary collaboration that has allowed for sharing of knowledge and methodologies, which has expanded greatly due to online journals and publications. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery (JCS) is a highly regarded journal that has attracted attention for its mission to increase diversity and global representation in manuscript submissions and research publications. The purpose of this study is to provide an objective measurement of global participation in craniofacial research specifically as it pertains to the JCS. Through a bibliometric analysis, the country of origin of all articles published in the JCS from 2010 to 2019 was analyzed. In line with its mission, the JCS increased its overall production 1.9 times during the past decade and increased its global representation 1.6 times, as represented by the number of countries contributing (78). The journal produced 8147 articles with Turkey (1424), USA (1397), China (1178), South Korea (1023), and Italy (644) being the top producers. The highest represented states were Florida (156), New York (130), California (117), Massachusetts (112), and Pennsylvania (106). The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery has the greatest diversity of country representation of the major plastic and reconstructive journals compared. Overall the JCS has stayed true to its mission to foster craniofacial research and is a valuable resource for craniofacial surgeons across the world. This study provides an analysis of trends in global contributions to craniofacial research and highlights areas for further increasing global contributors to the field of craniofacial surgery.

Published
2021

44. Cadaveric Bone Allografting for Severe Mandibular Hypoplasia With Alleviation of Upper Airway Obstruction in Goldenhar Syndrome

Author

Dillan F. Villavisanis, Jessica D. Blum, Daniel Y. Cho, and Jesse A. Taylor

Subjects
Micrognathism, Osteogenesis, Distraction, Infant, General Medicine, Mandible, Esthetics, Dental, Airway Obstruction, Goldenhar Syndrome, Treatment Outcome, Otorhinolaryngology, Cadaver, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, Surgery
Abstract

Severe congenital mandibular hypoplasia may cause significant upper airway obstruction, often necessitating immediate tracheostomy. Recent surgical advances have demonstrated early intervention with mandibular distraction osteogenesis over tracheostomy may yield desirable aesthetic and functional outcomes. Here we present a case of bilateral mandibular hypoplasia, severe on the right and mild on the left, secondary to Goldenhar syndrome yielding significant tongue-based upper airway obstruction that was surgically corrected with mandibular bone allograft reconstruction of the right condyle, ramus, and posterior half of the mandibular body. Postoperative polysomnography revealed significantly improved obstructive apnea and computed tomography demonstrated adequate placement of the bone allograft to overcorrect the affected hemi-mandible. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of immediate mandibular allografting alleviating tongue-based upper airway obstruction secondary to mandibular hypoplasia in an infant. Mandibular bone allografting may be a favorable alternative to immediate tracheostomy with delayed surgical intervention, though long-term follow up is needed to assess graft durability and maintenance of airway patency.

Published
2022

45. Machine Learning in Metopic Craniosynostosis: Does Phenotypic Severity Predict Long-Term Esthetic Outcome?

Author

Jessica D, Blum, Justin, Beiriger, Dillan F, Villavisanis, Carrie, Morales, Daniel Y, Cho, Wenzheng, Tao, Ross, Whitaker, Scott P, Bartlett, Jesse A, Taylor, Jesse A, Goldstein, and Jordan W, Swanson

Abstract

There have been few longitudinal studies assessing the effect of preoperative phenotypic severity on long-term esthetic outcomes in metopic craniosynostosis. This study evaluates the relationship between metopic severity and long-term esthetic outcomes using interfrontal angle (IFA) and CranioRate, a novel metopic synostosis severity measure.Patients with metopic craniosynostosis who underwent bifrontal orbital advancement and remodeling between 2012 and 2017 were reviewed. Preoperative computed tomography head scans were analyzed for IFA and CranioRate, a machine learning algorithm which generates quantitative severity ratings including metopic severity score (MSS) and cranial morphology deviation (CMD). Long-term esthetic outcomes were assessed by craniofacial surgeons using blinded 3-rater esthetic grading of clinical photos. Raters assessed Whitaker score and the presence of temporal hollowing, lateral orbital retrusion, frontal bone irregularities and/or "any visible irregularities."Preoperative scans were performed at a mean age of 7.7±3.4 months, with average MSS of 6/10, CMD of 200/300, and IFA of 116.8±13.8 degrees. Patients underwent bifrontal orbital advancement and remodeling at mean 9.9±3.1 months. The average time from operation to esthetic assessment was 5.4±1.0 years. Pearson correlation revealed a significant negative correlation between MSS and age at computed tomography (r=-0.451, P=0.004) and IFA (r=-0.371, P=0.034) and between IFA and age at surgery (r=-0.383, P=0.018). In multinomial logistic regression, preoperative MSS was the only independent predictor of visible irregularities (odds ratio=2.18, B=0.780, P=0.024) and preoperative IFA alone significantly predicted Whitaker score, with more acute IFA predicting worse Whitaker score (odds ratio=0.928, B=-0.074, P=0.928).More severe preoperative phenotypes of metopic craniosynostosis were associated with worse esthetic dysmorphology. Objective measures of preoperative metopic severity predicted long-term esthetic outcomes.

Published
2022

46. Degree of Sagittal Suture Fusion, Cephalic Index, and Head Shape in Nonsyndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis

Author

Dillan F. Villavisanis, Jessica D. Blum, Daniel Y. Cho, Carlos Barrero, Sameer Shakir, Hyun-Duck Nah, Jordan W. Swanson, Jesse A. Taylor, and Scott P. Bartlett

Subjects
Male, Craniosynostoses, Otorhinolaryngology, Jaw Abnormalities, Sutures, Humans, Infant, Surgery, General Medicine, Cranial Sutures, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Sagittal craniosynostosis may present with complete or partial fusion of the sagittal suture, but relationships between degree of sagittal suture fusion and head shape are currently poorly described. The aim of this study was to characterize sagittal suture fusion patterns and determine associations with head shape in a cohort of patients with nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis.Patients with nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis at a tertiary care center with available computed tomography imaging were included in this study. The anterior and posterior distances of sagittal suture patency were measured along 3-dimensional parietal bones. Degree of sagittal suture fusion was compared to head shape characteristics, including cephalic index (CI), frontal bossing, and occipital bulleting.Ninety patients (69 male) were included in this retrospective study. The sagittal suture was on average 85.6±20.1% fused, and 45 (50.0%) patients demonstrated complete fusion of the sagittal suture. CI was associated with increased degree of fusion for the anterior one-half (ρ=0.26, P =0.033) and anterior one-third (ρ=0.30, P =0.012) of the sagittal suture. Complete fusion of the anterior one-third of the sagittal suture predicted higher CI (β=13.86, SE=6.99, z =-0.25, P =0.047). Total degree of sagittal suture fusion was not predictive of CI or head shape in any analysis.Decreased fusion of the anterior one-third of the sagittal suture, but not total suture, may paradoxically predict increased severity of scaphocephaly as quantified by CI in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis.

Published
2022

47. The Low Medial Horizontal Osteotomy in Patients With Atypical Ramus Morphology Undergoing Sagittal Split Osteotomy

Author

Srinivas M. Susarla, Thomas B. Dodson, Daniel Y. Cho, and Russell E. Ettinger

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Mandibular Nerve, medicine.medical_treatment, Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus, Sagittal split osteotomy, Mandible, Inferior alveolar nerve, Osteotomy, Genioplasty, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, Occlusal plane, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Prospective Studies, Orthodontics, biology, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, biology.organism_classification, Lingula, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Surgery, Distal segment, Oral Surgery, business
Abstract

Purpose Sagittal split osteotomy (SSO) of rami with fused cortices or minimal marrow space above the lingula can increase the risk of an unfavorable osteotomy split of the proximal ramus. To reduce the risk of a proximal segment fracture, a recent modification of the SSO places the medial horizontal osteotomy below the lingula. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of SSOs utilizing a low medial horizontal osteotomy in patients with atypical ramus morphologies. Patients and Methods The present study was a prospective series composed of patients with atypical proximal ramus anatomy undergoing SSOs. All patients had undergone bilateral SSO for correction of mandibular deformities. The horizontal ramus osteotomy had been placed at or slightly above the mandibular occlusal plane because of atypical ramus morphology (thin ramus with no appreciable marrow space at or above the lingula and/or narrow retromolar ramus width). The outcome variables were an unfavorable split of the proximal or distal segments, nerve location after SSO (proximal or distal segment), and neurosensory recovery of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Results The sample included 25 patients who had undergone 50 SSOs using a low medial horizontal osteotomy. Their mean age was 19.6 ± 3.2 years; 14 patients were female. Of the 25 patients, 22 had a primary diagnosis of craniofacial anomaly; 23 had undergone bimaxillary surgery and 6 had received concomitant genioplasty. No unfavorable fractures of the proximal segment occurred. No intraoperative IAN injuries occurred. The IAN was contained within the proximal segment in 52% of the cases. All the patients achieved functional sensory recovery of the IAN bilaterally by 1 year postoperatively. The mean interval to functional sensory recovery was 116 days. Conclusions The low medial horizontal osteotomy is an effective technique for reliable execution of SSOs in morphologically atypical mandibles.

Published
2020

48. Spotlight in Plastic Surgery: October 2020

Author

Amanda R. Sergesketter, Ankur Khajuria, Kasia Kania, Aaron M. Kearney, David Nash, Arun K. Gosain, Brett T. Phillips, Daniel Y. Cho, Malke Asaad, Charalampos Siotos, and Ruth Tevlin

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Plastic surgery, business.industry, General surgery, medicine, Surgery, business
Published
2020

49. Bilateral Squamosal Suture Craniosynostosis Presenting with Abducens Nerve Palsy and Severe Papilledema

Author

Matthew C. Weed, Kelly N. Evans, Amy Lee, Daniel Y. Cho, and Srinivas M. Susarla

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Palsy, business.industry, Squamosal suture, Context (language use), Synostosis, medicine.disease, Craniosynostosis, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Headaches, medicine.symptom, business, Papilledema, Abducens nerve, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Patients with single-suture or minor suture craniosynostosis are typically asymptomatic at early presentation; intervention is aimed at reducing the risk of elevated intracranial pressure and associated developmental sequelae. Patients may be symptomatic in cases of major multisuture syndromic synostoses or delayed diagnosis. Clinical presentation in this context may include headaches, papilledema, cognitive delay, or behavioral issues. Cranial nerve palsies are atypical symptoms of intracranial hypertension in this patient population. Case Description An 11-month-old, otherwise healthy girl presented with bilateral severe papilledema and left abducens nerve palsy owing to nonsyndromic near-complete bilateral squamosal suture synostosis with associated incomplete sagittal and right lambdoid synostoses. The patient underwent urgent open cranial expansion, with resolution of her papilledema and improvement in eye position and motility. Conclusions Cranial nerve palsies may be presenting symptoms of intracranial hypertension in patients with craniosynostosis. Multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment is paramount for appropriate management.

Published
2020

50. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality

Author

Zohreh Arefi, Rasmus Havmoeller, Pietro Ferrara, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Payman Salamati, Agegnehu Bante Getenet, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Alexander C. Tsai, Andrew T Olagunju, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Tim Driscoll, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Taras Kavetskyy, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Richard C. Franklin, Naznin Hossain, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Morteza Naserbakht, Sangram Kishor Patel, Vera Marisa Costa, Suzanne Polinder, Ziad El-Khatib, Ashish Pathak, Mika Shigematsu, Bryan L. Sykes, David M. Pigott, Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik, Hadi Hassankhani, Nuworza Kugbey, Lal B. Rawal, Masoud Foroutan, Dejana Braithwaite, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Grant M. A. Wyper, Joht Singh Chandan, Akbar Barzegar, Hamid Safarpour, Kate E. LeGrand, Giulio Castelpietra, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Amin Soheili, Azeem Majeed, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Walter Mendoza, Ghulam Mustafa, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Pengpeng Ye, Mahesh P A, Carlos Miguel Rios González, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Masoud Moradi, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Mohammad Rabiee, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Jack T Fox, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Pallab K. Maulik, Ai-Min Wu, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Fatemeh Rajati, Nathaniel J Henry, David C. Schwebel, Ali H. Mokdad, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Leonardo Roever, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Khalid A Altirkawi, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Farhad Ghamari, Ramesh Holla, Arash Sarveazad, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Suresh Jungari, Rohan Borschmann, Irfan Ullah, Nitin Joseph, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Michal Grivna, Ivo Rakovac, Mohammad Zamani, Antonio Maria Borzì, Atif Amin Baig, Mohsen Bayati, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Juanita A. Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Mehdi Sayyah, Teshome Abegaz Kamil, Fakher Rahim, Dillon O Sylte, Feng Sha, Palash Chandra Banik, Mohan Bairwa, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Yong Yu, Delia Hendrie, Spencer L. James, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Seok Jun Yoon, Siavash Rahimi, Jost B. Jonas, Michael R. Phillips, Diana Silva, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Samath D Dharmaratne, Roba Khundkar, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Joemer C. Maravilla, Eleonora Dubljanin, Arun Balachandran, Arman Latifi, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Alessandra C. Goulart, Andreea Mirica, Fatemeh Zarei, Habte Belete, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Maseer Khan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Atte Meretoja, Jasvinder A. Singh, Guilherme Borges, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Guoqing Hu, Archith Boloor, Luca Ronfani, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Vahid Rashedi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Yousef Khader, Adnan Kisa, Simon I. Hay, Takeshi Fukumoto, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Yuichiro Yano, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Ghasem Azarian, Sezer Kisa, Basema Saddik, Leake Gebremeskel, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Jennifer Rickard, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Priya Rathi, Ali Bijani, Smita Pakhale, Francesco Saverio Violante, Neeraj Bedi, Efat Mohamadi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Marek Majdan, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Prateek Rastogi, Xuefeng Liu, Monika Sawhney, Ayman Grada, Prasanna Mithra, Shanshan Li, Masood Ali Shaikh, Erin B Hamilton, Hung Chak Ho, Zichen Liu, Irini Chatziralli, Paulo A. Lotufo, Yuming Guo, Daniel N. 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Z.A., Memiah, P.T.N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, M.M., Meretoja, T.J., Meretoja, A., Merie, H.E., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Miller, T.R., Mini, G.K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mithra, P., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, J.A., Mohebi, F., Bandpei, M.A.M., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Morawska, L., Velásquez, I.M., Morrison, S.D., Mossie, T.B., Muluneh, A.G., Musa, K.I., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Naik, G., Naimzada, M.D., Najaf, F., Nangia, V., Nascimento, B.R., Naserbakht, M., Nayak, V., Nazari, J., Ndwandwe, D.E., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, T.H., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, D.N., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nikbakhsh, R., Ningrum, D.N.A., Nnaji, C.A., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F.A., Oghenetega, O.B., Oh, I.-H., Olagunju, A.T., Olagunju, 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Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S.-J., Youm, Y., Younis, M.Z., Yousef, Z., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Moghadam, T.Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S.B., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zarei, F., Zhang, Z.-J., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Dandona, R., Dharmaratne, S.D., Hay, S.I., Mokdad, A.H., Pigott, D.M., Reiner, R.C., Vos, T., Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yisma, Engida, Vos, Theo, and Public Health

Subjects
Male, Populations/contexts, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Global injuries, population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, contexts, context, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research, Data, populations/contexts, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, methodology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Female, Public Health, TERRITORIES, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, descriptive epidemiology, Human, Disabilities, 195 COUNTRIES, statistical issue, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, Life Expectancy, Environmental health, Injury prevention, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, statistical issues, Humans, Mortality, Estimation, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, DISABILITY, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, populations, Morbidity, Wounds and Injuries, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology, Quality-adjusted life year, Years of potential life lost, 1701 Psychology, Life expectancy, Estimates, Human medicine, populations/context
Abstract

Background. While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods. In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results. GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions. GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future. Seyed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Alaa Badawi acknowledges support by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Till Bärnighausen acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Traolach Brugha received support from NatCen Social Research (http://natcen.ac.uk/) via NHS Digital and Department of Health and Social Care London, for the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) programme. Felix Carvalho received support from UID/MULTI/04378/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera M Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Kebede Deribe is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Tim Driscoll acknowledges that work on occupational risk factors was partially supported by funds from the World Health Organization. Eduarda Fernandes acknowledges support from UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Yuming Guo acknowledges support from Career Development Fellowships of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (numbers APP1107107 and APP1163693). Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through the Grant number OI175014; publication of results was not contingent upon Ministry's censorship or approval. Sudha Jayaraman acknowledges support from: NIH R21: 1R21TW010439-01A1 (PI); Rotary Foundation Global Grant #GG1749568 (PI); NIH P20: 1P20CA210284-01A1 (Co-PI) and DOD grant W81XWH-16-2-0040 (Co-I), during the period of this study. Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from a grant from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [grant number: XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001]. Kewal Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Mansai Kumar acknowledges support from FIC/ NIH K43 1K43MH114320-01. Amanda Mason-Jones acknowledges support by the University of York. Mariam Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’s National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Ilais Moreno Velasquez is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI, Senacyt, Panama). Mukhammad David Naimzada acknowledges support from Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Duduzile Ndwandwe acknowledges support from Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. Stanislav S. Otstavnov acknowledges the support from the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Ashish Pathak acknowledges support from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India (Grant number 2013-1253). Michael R Phillips acknowledges support in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81761128031). Abdallah M. Samy received a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena Santric Milicevic acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA. Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Sojib Bin Zaman acknowledges support from an "Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship.

Published
2020

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