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Abstract Finding biomolecules in fossils is a challenging task due to their degradation over time from physical, chemical, and biological factors. The primary hypothesis for explaining the presence of biomolecules in fossilized bones tissues suggests their survival in the fossilization process. In contrast, some of these biomolecules could either derive from bacteria biofilm, thus without a direct relationship with the fossil record or could be an artifact from measurement procedures. Raman spectroscopy studies across various fossil ages and environments have detected multiple bands ranging from 1200 to 1800 cm−1 associative of organic compounds. However, the significance of these bands remains elusive. Our research aims to address this issue through a deep Raman spectroscopy investigation on Pleistocene teeth from Tayassu and Smilodon populator. These fossils were obtained from a well-preserved stratigraphic succession in Toca de Cima do Pilão cave, near the National Park of Serra da Capivara in semiarid Brazil. We propose two hypotheses to explain the presence of organic compounds related to 1200 to 1800 cm−1 Raman spectral range in fossil tissues: (i) these bands are biological signatures of preserved fossil biomolecules, or (ii) they are exogenous biological signatures associated with the bacterial biofilm formation during post-depositional processes. Our results align with the latter hypothesis, followed by biofilm degradation. However, the specific mechanisms involved in the natural biofilm degradation in fossil records remain unexplored in this study. In our case, the formation of biofilm on fossil bones is attributed to the oligotrophic conditions of the cave sediment matrix. We present a comprehensive model to elucidate the existence of biofilm on fossilized tissues, emphasizing the pivotal role of post-depositional processes, especially water action, in the cave environment. As the fossils were discovered in a cave setting, post-depositional processes significantly contribute to the formation of the biofilm matrix. Although our study provides insights into biofilm formation, further research is needed to delve into the specific mechanisms driving natural biofilm degradation in fossils.

RESUMO Buscou-se descrever como a automutilação é compreendida pelas instituições de ensino e quais são as ações realizadas frente ao fenômeno, a partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Em busca no Portal BVS, SciELO e no Catálogo de Teses da Capes, utilizando os descritores automutilação, autolesão, comportamento autolesivo e comportamento autodestrutivo, selecionou-se 20 documentos que foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se que os estudos são recentes, predominantemente qualitativos, influenciados pela Análise do Comportamento e Psicanálise, e desenvolvidos junto a adolescentes de escolas públicas. A automutilação foi compreendida como decorrente de condições fisiológicas, forma de dar sentido ao sofrimento, resultado de contágio social, tentativa de comunicação, manifestação de ideação suicida e comportamento de indivíduos com desenvolvimento atípico. Há poucos relatos de intervenção frente ao problema, abarcando práticas clínicas, preventivas e de formação profissional. Destaca-se a necessidade da ampliação de práticas nas escolas compreendendo a automutilação numa perspectiva social e coletiva.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar os níveis de flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior de praticantes regulares de treinamento de força, além de averiguar a existência de associação entre gênero e IMC com os níveis de flexibilidade. Trata-se de estudo do tipo quantitativo, descritivo de corte transversal, randomizado, desenvolvido em quatro centros de treinamento de atividades físicas, localizados na cidade de Fortaleza, Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa 981 adultos voluntários praticantes de treinamento de força, fisicamente ativos, com pelo menos 12 semanas consecutivas de treino. Para a análise da flexibilidade aplicamos o teste de sentar e alcançar, protocolo de Wells e Dillon. Para a verificação da associação do gênero, IMC, RCE, e %Gordura com flexibilidade utilizamos o teste de Qui-quadrado. Foi adotado o intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os participantes tinham idade média de idade média de 32,21 ± 9,33 anos, altura média de 1,67 ± 0,09 metros e IMC médio de 26,42 ± 4,96 kg/m2, 60,5%(n=539) representado pelo sexo feminino. Em ambos os sexos, dois terços dos participantes apresentaram flexibilidade ruim ou abaixo da média. Não foi verificado associação da flexibilidade com gênero (p=0,349), relação cintura estatura (p=0,593), e IMC (p=0,069). Entretanto, encontramos a associação de gordura e flexibilidade (p=0,037). Concluímos que adultos praticantes regulares de treinamento de força apresentam flexibilidade reduzida, e que o sexo e o índice de massa corporal não estão associados com a flexibilidade.

Abstract The development of bio-based products has increased in recent years, and species of the Bacillus genus have been widely used for product development due to their elevated production of antimicrobial molecules and resistance to extreme environmental conditions through endospore formation. In this context, the antifungal potential of Bacillus velezensis CMRP 4489 was investigated using in silico predictions of secondary metabolites in its genome and in vitro tests against the following phytopathogenic fungi: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Botrytis cinerea. The in-silico predictions indicated that CMRP 4489 possesses several Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) capable of producing molecules with antifungal properties and other non-identified BGCs. The in vitro assay results evidenced strong antifungal activity, inhibiting more than 60% of the tested fungi, and the isolate’s molecules were stable under diverse physicochemical conditions. The in vitro assay evidenced significant antifungal activity, deformation of the hyphal structure in SS, biofilm formation capacity, and swarming motility. In the colonization assay, we observed attachment, colonization, and net-shaped biofilm formation, with the strain transitioning from the seeds to nearby structures. Therefore, CMRP 4489 showed to be a potential biocontrol agent against various diseases with agronomic importance and can be used under adverse environmental conditions.

Background: The diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) remain challenging. This research aimed to analyze the impact on activities of daily living (ADL), functional outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and the association between lesion severity and DAI location identified through imaging exams. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 95 patients diagnosed with DAI. Data were collected at admission, three, six, and twelve months post-injury. The associations between variables were evaluated using a mixed-effects model. Results: Functional recovery and QoL improved between three and twelve months after DAI. An interaction was observed between independence in performing ADL and subarachnoid hemorrhage (p = 0.043) and intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.012). Additionally, an interaction over time was observed between the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and DAI severity (p < 0.001), brain lesions (p = 0.014), and the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) with injury in brain hemispheres (p = 0.026) and Adams classification (p = 0.013). Interaction effects over time were observed with the general health perceptions and energy/vitality domains with intraventricular hemorrhage, and the social functioning domain with the obliteration of basal cisterns and Gentry’s classification. Conclusion: The use of CT in the acute phase of DAI is important for predicting outcomes. The severity and location of DAI are associated with functional outcomes, ADL, and QoL.

This study assesses the technical and financial impacts on voltage levels, peak demand, and technical losses of distribution systems due to the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) associated with photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG). It assumes that the BESS features (location and storage capacity) are chosen by consumers individually, aiming to directly benefit themselves according to self-consumption and price arbitrage uncoordinated control strategies. Computational simulations of several PVDG/BESS penetration levels in residential feeders of a Brazilian utility were performed via OpenDSS, employing real data of the load (consumption and load profiles) and photovoltaic generation (irradiance and temperature). We address the PVDG/BESS locations and the selection of solar irradiance, temperature, and load profile based on the Monte Carlo method. As the impacts on voltage levels, peak demand, and technical losses are expressed in different units, they were stochastically converted into monetary amounts to identify the control strategy that enhances the technical benefits in the distribution system. The results show that BESS installation with location, size, and control strategy defined by consumers creates technical benefits for the distribution system. The risk analysis allows us to conclude that price arbitrage should be prioritized in deciding incentives for penetration levels of up to 60%. Above these levels, self-consumption should be prioritized as an incentive. However, it is worth mentioning that the two strategies could be encouraged regardless of the penetration levels, as both create technical benefits for the distribution networks. The proposed method can support policy proposals to encourage BESS integration in distribution systems.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze intellectual productions on self-inflicted violence and suicide in people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: a systematic review, carried out between March and April 2021, in the PubMed®/MEDLINE®, Web of Science and LILACS databases, subsidized in the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. The period outlined was from 2011 to 2020. Results: a total of 199 studies were identified, and 16 composed the final sample, grouped into the categories: Sociodemographic characteristics of victims of self-inflicted violence/suicide and their intervening factors (pointing to young adults, especially homosexuals, with low social support and a history of mental illness or substance abuse as usual victims); Successful measures for suicide prevention/control in people living with HIV/AIDS (suggesting more frequent psychosocial and clinical follow-up of those starting antiretroviral and immunocompromised treatment). Conclusions: biopsychosocial follow-up, analysis of sociodemographic profile and intervening factors should be frequent in this population for disease prevention/control.

Abstract Quaternary fossils from limestone caves bear various diagenetic features due to the complex nature of sedimentary processes. However, few studies have addressed the problem of diagenetic changes in fossils from tropical-wet environments. We study Quaternary fossil bones from different sites of a tropical limestone cave in northeastern Brazil. These fossils show diverse diagenetic features. The approach encompassed the use of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to understand the modification of the fossil bone structure, chemical composition, and mineral assemblage during the diagenesis processes. We describe a model for fossil diagenesis in tropical limestone caves that involves early and advanced diagenetic stages, which produce two routes with different endmembers. The diagenesis in the cave alters the crystallinity and ordering of hydroxyapatite. The recrystallization of hydroxyapatite appears to be strongly influenced by dripping water that is rich in calcium carbonate, which leads to crystal formation with higher crystallinity. In the absence of calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite diagenesis involves crystal growth but not necessarily dissolution of the original material, which enables remarkable preservation of the biological structure.

O transtorno dismórfico muscular (DM) é um distúrbio psicológico que pode ser caracterizado pela preocupação excessiva com a aparência. Este estudo verificou a presença e o grau de DM e insatisfação corporal em adultos praticantes de treinamento resistido. A pesquisa foi quantitativa, transversal e de caráter descritiva desenvolvido em uma academia de atividades físicas, localizada na cidade de Fortaleza, CE. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de agosto 2017 a junho de 2018. Amostra foi composta por 370 adultos ativos, praticantes de TR. Foram utilizados o questionário do Complexo de Adônis (QCA) e a Escala de Silhuetas de Damasceno (ESD). Para a normalidade dos dados foi adotado o teste Kolmogorov-Sminorv, já para associação dos dados foi utilizado o Teste de Qui-Quadrado. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Os participantes tinham a idade média de (34,6 + 5,2 anos) e IMC médio de (27,32 + 4,8kg/m2). Da amostra total, 61% era do sexo feminino. Houve associação estatisticamente positiva para o tempo de treino com QCA e ESD, bem como sexo e IMC com a ESD (p

The increase in the number of consumers who produce part of their own electricity through photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) led to the need for studies on how the power system is affected. As the distribution systems were not designed to integrate PVDG, it is important for regulatory agencies and utilities to identify technical problems in the grid associated with the levels of photovoltaic penetration. In this regard, this study presents a method with indicators that quantify the technical impacts that PVDG growth causes to an actual utility that contains hundreds of feeders with different topologies, load types, and densities. Real solar irradiance and temperature values over a year, and photovoltaic system locations varying based on the Monte Carlo method were also considered in the computational simulations. This study helps the utilities to plan preventive measures to strengthen the grid, and regulatory agencies to enhance policies to support PVDG. We analyzed the impacts on voltage magnitudes, technical losses and peak demand arising from the PVDG integration. The results show that, even at low penetration levels (2%), one-third of feeders required modification in the distribution system to allow photovoltaic integration. For over 60% of feeders, penetration levels of up to 20% reduced technical losses and voltage problems, with practically no effect on peak demand. Feeders in residential and commercial/industrial areas presented increases in technical losses and voltage levels for high penetration levels. Rural areas presented reductions in these parameters for all levels of PVDG integration.

Introdução: O uso de esteroides anabólicos andrógenos (EAA) tem sido relatado como presente em diversas modalidades esportivas, associado ao uso deles está a ocorrência de distúrbios de autoimagem. A vigorexia é um desses distúrbios mais comumente verificados. Objetivos: Relacionar a vigorexia com o uso de esteroides anabolizantes em praticantes de treinamento de força (TF) dentro de Centros de Treinamento Esportivo (CTE). Materiais e Métodos: pesquisa tipo transversal, quantitativa com abordagem descritiva, realizada no período de outubro de 2017 a junho de 2018 em dois CTE, localizada na zona periférica da cidade e na zona nobre. Composta por 40 voluntários, 20 da zona periférica (ZP) e 20 da zona nobre (ZN), classificados como vigoréxicos, de acordo com o Questionário de Complexo de Adônis. Os voluntários também preencheram um questionário com perguntas relacionadas ao uso de esteroides anabolizantes. Para a comparação dos dados foi utilizado o teste T de Student para amostras independentes, já para associação entre os dados qualitativos foi utilizado o teste de Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Os participantes de ZN e ZP a tinham idade de (28,7 ± 4,77 anos) e (32,42 ± 6,03 anos) respectivamente (p=0,03). Foi verificado um maior percentual de uso de EAAs em ZN (80%), quando comparado com ZP (45%) (p=0,08). Os EAAs mais utilizados percentualmente foram, Durateston®(84%), Winstrol® (80%) e Deca Durabolin(44%). Em ambos grupos o fator principal para o uso de esteroides foi a estética (p

O treinamento em circuito é amplamente implementado como método de atividade resistida relacionada à perda de peso. O uso ou não de descanso ativo se mostra como possível responsável por uma sobrecarga do sistema energético, podendo tornando o modelo de treinamento mais ou menos apto para a redução de peso. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência do uso de descanso ativo ou passivo na composição corporal de adultos realizando treinamento em circuito. Os voluntários, foram divididos em dois grupos (descanso ativo, GDA, e descanso passivo, GDP) que executaram o protocolo de treinamento por um período de dois meses. Foram avaliados, índice de massa corporal (IMC), índice de adiposidade central (IAC), relação cintura altura (RCA) e níveis de gordura subcutânea. Em ambos os grupos houve redução significativa nos parâmetros de composição corporal no pré e pós treinamento. Contudo, na verificação entre grupos, não foi observado diferença significativa entre o descanso ativo e o passivo, na composição corpórea dos adultos.

Research in sport pedagogy and its applied recommendations are still characterized by a contrast between the different learning theories from psychology. Traditional theories and their corresponding approaches to the specific case of teaching and learning “how to play [team sports like soccer]” are subject to compatibilities and incompatibilities. We discuss how behaviorism as an approach to teaching the game shows more incompatibilities with the nature of tactical actions when compared to constructivism. As coaches strive to teach the game and make their players and team perform, we argue that teaching the game requires teaching approaches that will help develop their way to play (i.e., tactical behavior) without taking away their autonomy and adaptiveness. The teaching-learning-training process for playing the game should then be conducted to harmonize the characteristics of the contents, the context, and the individual(s) at hand. We provide two illustrated examples and portray how the recommended approaches fit key contents of the game that are observed in the tactical behavior. We finally argue that the coherent design of games provides minimal conditions to teaching approaches, and that such a design should be a priority when elaborating the learning activities along the player development process. As a conclusion, the interactionist theory is the one that best serves the teaching of the game and the development of tactical behavior. We therefore defend that its principles can help coaches tailor their own strategy to teach the game with the many tools.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of accidental falls in women and to identify possible associations of sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle variables with falls, in 2007 and 2014. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies were performed, in 2007 and 2014, within the Projeto de Saúde de Pindamonhangaba (PROSAPIN – Pindamonhangaba Health Project), with women aged between 35 to 75 years. Probabilistic samples were selected among women living in the municipality and participating in the Health Family Strategy. Data collection included: face-to-face interview, anthropometric examination and blood test. The outcome variable “have you fallen in the last six months?” was raised during the interview. The prevalence of falls in 2007 and 2014 were estimated by score with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify the association of independent variables with the occurrence of falls for each year based on the odds ratio (OR). We used the Stata 14.0 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of accidental falls were: 17.6% (95%CI 14.9–20.5) in 2007 and 17.2% (95%CI 14.8–19.8) in 2014. In 2007, factors associated with falls were: aged 50–64 years (OR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.17–2.80), high school (OR = 1.76; 95%CI 1.06–2.93), hyperuricemia (OR = 3.74; 95%CI 2.17–6.44), depression (OR = 2.07; 95%CI 1.31–3.27), poor sleep (OR = 1.78; 95%CI 1.12–2.82) and daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.86; 95%CI 1.16–2.99). In 2014, they were: aged 50–64 years (OR = 1.64; 95%CI 1.04–2.58), hyperuricemia (OR = 1.91; 95%CI 1.07–3.43) and depression (OR = 1.56; 95%CI 1.02–2.38), plus metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.03–2.47) and musculoskeletal pain (OR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.03–3.18). CONCLUSIONS Falls occur significantly in women aged 50 years or over, indicating that they are not restricted to older adults and that there is a need to initiate preventive measures earlier. Both studies showed similar magnitudes of occurrence of accidental falls and reinforced their multifactorial nature. In addition, hyperuricemia may be a potential new factor associated with falls.

Worldwide environmental tragedies of anthropogenic origin causing massive release of metals and other pollutants have been increasing considerably. These pollution outbreaks affect the ecosystems and impact human health. Among those tragedies, recent large-scale environmental disasters in Brazil strongly affected riverside populations, leading to high-risk exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg is highly neurotoxic to the developing brain. This toxicant causes neural stem cell dysfunction and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. However, less is known about the effects of MeHg in the postnatal neurogenic niche, which harbors neural stem cells and their progeny, in the adult brain. Therefore, taking in consideration the impact of MeHg in human health it is urgent to clarify possible associations between exposure to mercury, accelerated cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this perspectives paper, we discuss the neurotoxic mechanisms of MeHg on postnatal neurogenesis and the putative implications associated with accelerated brain aging and early-onset cognitive decline in populations highly exposed to this environmental neurotoxicant.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the trends of fall-related hospitalization, mortality, and lethality among older adults in Brazil and regions. METHODS This is a descriptive study based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System. We included records of every older adult, aged 60 years or older, hospitalized for accidental fall from January, 1998 to November, 2015 in all Brazilian regions. We selected the codes E885, E886, E880, E884, E884 from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, and W01, W03, W10, W17, W18 from the 10th revision, and calculated fall-related hospitalization and mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants, as well as lethality. To estimate trends, we applied the Prais-Winsten regression for time series analysis. RESULTS During the period, 1,192,829 fall-related hospitalizations occurred, among which 54,673 had a fatal outcome; lethality was 4.5%. Hospitalization rates showed upward trends, with seasonality, in Brazil (11%), and in the Northeast (44%), Midwest (13%), and South regions (14%). The North showed a decreasing hospitalization rate (48%), and the Southeast a stationary one (3%). CONCLUSIONS In Brazil, fall-related hospitalizations, mortality, and lethality among older adults showed an upward trend from 1998 to 2015, with seasonal peaks in the second and third quarters. Considering we are in plain demographic transition, to improve hospital healthcare and encourage falls prevention programs among older adults is essential.

ABSTRACT Opportunistic pathogens such as Candida species can use carboxylic acids, like acetate and lactate, to survive and successfully thrive in different environmental niches. These nonfermentable substrates are frequently the major carbon sources present in certain human body sites, and their efficient uptake by regulated plasma membrane transporters plays a critical role in such nutrient-limited conditions. Here, we cover the physiology and regulation of these proteins and their potential role in Candida virulence. This review also presents an evolutionary analysis of orthologues of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Jen1 lactate and Ady2 acetate transporters, including a phylogenetic analysis of 101 putative carboxylate transporters in twelve medically relevant Candida species. These proteins are assigned to distinct clades according to their amino acid sequence homology and represent the major carboxylic acid uptake systems in yeast. While Jen transporters belong to the sialate:H+ symporter (SHS) family, the Ady2 homologue members are assigned to the acetate uptake transporter (AceTr) family. Here, we reclassify the later members as ATO (acetate transporter ortholog). The new nomenclature will facilitate the study of these transporters, as well as the analysis of their relevance for Candida pathogenesis.

The presence of biochar with high carbon accumulation capacity and nutrient adsorption is causally associated with archeological soils. Although this type of soil organic matter has been known for a long time, the knowledge of its structure and environmental behavior is still limited. This work used Raman spectroscopy to obtain structural information and identify alterations in biochar particles. To this end, we studied biochar particles found in an archaeological site with a temporal window lasting 12451 to 11080 yr cal BP. The molecular, structural and sp2/sp3 characteristics of the charcoal particles were determined at the time of burning and associated with the temperature, time and characteristics of the burnt material. We propose that the process of oxidation of the biochar occurs during the first 2000 years after its genesis. The oxidation process is a reflection of decreases in the number of defects related to sp2 bonds on amorphous carbons and increases in the number of defects associated with ionic impurities, which clearly indicate the interaction between biochar particles and the soil matrix. The data confirm the hypothesis that the persistence of biochar in the environment is due to its graphite structure and suggest that over a 12000 year timeframe, biochar particles undergo several changes that occur in the disordered phase and are rapidly oxidized.

The yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii has great potential in the biotechnology industry due to its ability to produce a variety of compounds of interest, including carboxylic acids. In this work, we identified genes encoding carboxylate transporters from this yeast species. The functional characterization of sixteen plasma membrane carboxylate transporters belonging to the AceTr, SHS, TDT, MCT, SSS, and DASS families was performed by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The newly identified C. jadinii transporters present specificity for mono-, di-, and tricarboxylates. The transporters CjAto5, CjJen6, CjSlc5, and CjSlc13-1 display the broadest substrate specificity; CjAto2 accepts mono- and dicarboxylates; and CjAto1,3,4, CjJen1-5, CjSlc16, and CjSlc13-2 are specific for monocarboxylic acids. A detailed characterization of these transporters, including phylogenetic reconstruction, 3D structure prediction, and molecular docking analysis is presented here. The properties presented by these transporters make them interesting targets to be explored as organic acid exporters in microbial cell factories.

O presente trabalho apresenta o princípio filosófico do ‘cuidado de si’ integrado à condição humana própria da natureza do ato de performance como ato estético. O ‘cuidado de si’, como caracterizado por Foucault (2010), é um modo de encarar a vida, numa atitude para consigo a partir da conversão do olhar do outro sobre si. O autor vale-se da metodologia inerente a este princípio filosófico aplicando-o à prática musical e esse olhar permite sua projeção para a prática de pesquisa em Práticas Interpretativas. Enfim, uma série de procedimentos metodológicos, quer para a prática musical, como para a prática de pesquisa, são sugeridos, de modo a permitir uma valorização da práxis profissional musical do próprio pesquisador.

The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effects of passive static stretching (PSS) on the fascicle length (FL) and fascicle angle (FA) of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) in two different joint positions. Twelve physically active men (26.9 ± 7.5 years, 178.6 ± 7.0 cm, and 82.5 ± 16.8 kg) were placed in the prone position for the acquisition of ultrasound images (US) of VL, registered with extended and totally flexed knee up to the heel contact with the gluteus, before and after a PSS routine comprised of three 30-s repetitions maintained in the maximal discomfort position as reported by the participant. Results of the paired t-test indicated an increase in FL (16.2%; p = 0.012) and reduction in FA (15.5%; p = 0.003) in pre vs. post stretching comparisons for the extended knee position. There was also a significant increase in FL (34%; p = 0.0001) and reduction in FA (25%; p = 0.0007) when compared the extended knee vs. flexed knee positions. There were no significant differences in muscle architecture variables for the flexed knee position. The results showed high and moderate correlation of FL and FA for the extended (r = -0.89 and r = -0.74) and flexed knee (r = -0.76 and r = -0.78) position, pre and post stretching, respectively. It was concluded that the static stretching acutely affects the vastus lateralis muscle architecture only in the extended knee position, but not in the flexed knee position.

Este artigo se refere ao projeto de extensão Mostra Fotográfica Multimídia “Visitando a Cooperativa FRAGET-COOTAFRA”, idealizado pelo Núcleo de Gestão Ambiental Integrada da Reitoria do Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense. A proposta teve como objetivo de promover situações de aprendizagem inovadoras sobre a importância socioambiental das cooperativas de reciclagem. A Mostra foi composta por imagens que retratam o dia a dia da Cooperativa, os processos por onde passa cada tipo de resíduo e as pessoas que lá trabalham e que tiram seu sustento da reciclagem. Registros de som do ambiente interno da Cooperativa também fizeram parte da Mostra, propondo maior ambientação dos visitantes ao tema das fotografias, juntamente com imagens registradas pelos próprios cooperativados, revelando seus pontos de vista sobre o trabalho que realizam.

O presente trabalho pretende pensar os limites e possibilidades da escola no combate as violências (re)produzidas a partir de noções de diferença. Em meio a violências e resistências, o espaço escolar é colocado como lugar onde a teia do poder cria embaraços e caminhos. Utilizo como local de partida olhares trazidos por professoras que foram alunas do curso Gênero e Diversidade na Escola (GDE/UFRJ - 2014), levantando questões que desejam desafiar os olhares dicotômicos, que hora colocam a escola como espaço de manutenção e reprodução de opressões, hora como espaço de superação dos preconceitos e de possibilidade de construção de uma sociedade mais justa. Proponho que a escola seja tudo isso, em relações que se mostram complexas e contraditórias. Partimos dos relatos dessas professoras para analisar as relações de gênero e sexualidade, em diálogo com conceitos outros que também se debatem sob o guarda chuva da diversidade, tais como raça, classe e local de moradia, buscando compreender de que formas se articulam produzindo formas diversas de exclusão, marginalização, mas também de possibilidades e agências.

Leaves are plant structures that express important traits of the environment where they live. Leaf description has allowed identification of plant species as well as investigation of abiotic factors effects on their development, such as gases, light, temperature, and herbivory. This study described populations of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum through leaf geometric morphometrics in Brazil. We evaluated 200 leaves from four populations. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first four principal components were responsible for 97.81% of variation. The non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (NPMANOVA) indicated significant difference between samples (p = 0.0001). The Mentel test showed no correlation between geographical distances and shape. The canonical variate analysis (CVA) indicated that the first two variables were responsible for 96.77 % of total variation, while the cross-validation test showed an average of 83.33%. D. ecastaphyllum leaves are elliptical and ovate.

For the first time, the anti-hemolytic activity and the enzyme inhibitory activities of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum leaves extracts were tested against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase and hyaluronidase. The phenolic profile of the obtained extracts was also investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PAD). The extracts showed inhibitory activity against all enzymes evaluated, with the highest inhibitory activity reported for the enzyme hyaluronidase (28.28 ± 2.43 to 72.19 ± 1.40 μg mL-1). The obtained extracts also demonstrate anti-hemolytic activity (52.22 ± 1.62 to 71.17 ± 1.82%). Among the phenolic compounds identified, protocatechuic, vanillic and β-resorcylic acids were the most abundant (1.13 ± 0.06 to 2.53 ± 0.06, 0.90 ± 0.06 to 2.19 ± 0.06 and 1.03 ± 1.62 to 22.11 ± 1.62 mg L-1, respectively). In the statistical analysis, a significant correlation was found between the flavonoids content and all enzymes inhibitory activities. The present study showed that D. ecastaphyllum leaves extracts may have the potential to be used in the therapeutic treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and pigmentation, as well as those associated with oxidative stress.

The current scenario of increased water scarcity is due to climate change and directly affects food production. It is thus necessary to develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of low water availability. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the physiological behaviour of melon cultivars under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in the experimental Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley in the period ranging from October to December. In this study, we used the melon cultivars 'Amarelo' and 'Piel de Sapo'. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates that were subdivided into plots, where the plots were comprised of four irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration – CET), subplots were comprised of the two melon cultivars, and sub-subplots were comprised of samplings for physiological analyses (15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting). The parameters evaluated were stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, relationship CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. Water stress reduced the stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. 'Piel de Sapo' showed a higher photosynthetic adjustment than 'Amarelo' melon due to the gas exchange behaviour of the former, and it was, therefore, more tolerant to water stress.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most commonly used yeast in wine, beer, and bread fermentations. However, Torulaspora delbrueckii has attracted interest in recent years due to its properties, ranging from its ability to produce flavor- and aroma-enhanced wine to its ability to survive longer in frozen dough. In this work, publicly available genomes of T. delbrueckii were explored and their annotation was improved. A total of 32 proteins were additionally annotated for the first time in the type strain CBS1146, in comparison with the previous annotation available. In addition, the annotation of the remaining three T. delbrueckii strains was performed for the first time. eggNOG-mapper was used to perform the functional annotation of the deduced T. delbrueckii coding genes, offering insights into its biological significance, and revealing 24 clusters of orthologous groups (COGs), which were gathered in three main functional categories: information storage and processing (28% of the proteins), cellular processing and signaling (27%), and metabolism (23%). Small intraspecies variability was found when considering the functional annotation of the four available T. delbrueckii genomes. A comparative study was also conducted between the T. delbrueckii genome and those from 386 fungal species, revealing a high number of homologous genes with species from the Zygotorulaspora and Zygosaccharomyces genera, but also with Lachancea and S. cerevisiae. Lastly, the phylogenetic placement of T. delbrueckii was clarified using the core homologs that were found across 204 common protein sequences of 386 fungal species and strains.

Brazilian red propolis (BRP) is a natural product widely known for its phenolic composition and strong antioxidant properties. In this study, we used the Box–Behnken Design (BBD) with Surface Response Methodology to optimize the extraction conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity(TEAC) of bioactive phenolics from BRP. The extraction time, ethanol/water concentration and temperature, were tested. All variables had significant effects (p ≤ 0.05), with a desirability coefficient of 0.88. Under optimized conditions (90% ethanol at 80 °C for 30 min), the BRP extract showed a TPC of 129.00 ± 2.16 mg GAE/g and a TEAC of 3471.76 ± 53.86 µmol TE/g. Moreover, FRAP and ORAC assays revealed that the optimized BRP extract had 1472.86 ± 72.37 µmol Fe2+/g and 4339.61 ± 114.65 µmol TE/gof dry weight, respectively. Thirty-two phenolic compounds were tentatively identified by LC-QTOF-ESI-MS/MS, of which thirteen were found for the first time in BRP, including four flavones, one flavanol, two flavanones, two chalcones, and four isoflavonoids. Thus, our results highlight the importance of BRP as a source of a wide variety of phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant properties.

Cyberlindnera jadinii is widely used as a source of single-cell protein and is known for its ability to synthesize a great variety of valuable compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Its capacity to produce compounds such as food additives, supplements, and organic acids, among other fine chemicals, has turned it into an attractive microorganism in the biotechnology field. In this review, we performed a robust phylogenetic analysis using the core proteome of C. jadinii and other fungal species, from Asco- to Basidiomycota, to elucidate the evolutionary roots of this species. In addition, we report the evolution of this species nomenclature over-time and the existence of a teleomorph (C. jadinii) and anamorph state (Candida utilis) and summarize the current nomenclature of most common strains. Finally, we highlight relevant traits of its physiology, the solute membrane transporters so far characterized, as well as the molecular tools currently available for its genomic manipulation. The emerging applications of this yeast reinforce its potential in the white biotechnology sector. Nonetheless, it is necessary to expand the knowledge on its metabolism, regulatory networks, and transport mechanisms, as well as to develop more robust genetic manipulation systems and synthetic biology tools to promote the full exploitation of C. jadinii.

The objective of this work was to characterize the morphology and viability of the pollen of 15 genotypes of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and to generate information that can assist in the selection of highly promising male parents for future use in genetic improvement programs aimed at producing seeds for oil extraction. Acetolysis and scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphology of the pollen. The viability of the pollen grains was estimated by in vitro germination and colorimetric analysis (acetocarmine 2% and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride 1%). For the in vitro germination, pollen grains were grown in 10 types of solidified culture medium consisting of different concentrations of sucrose, boric acid, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and potassium nitrate. The pollen grains had the following characteristics: medium size, isopolar and subspheroidal shape, radial symmetry, circular ambit, 3-colporate, elongated endoapertures, tectate exine and granulated sexine. The acetocarmine dye overestimated pollen viability. The media M5 and M8 were the most efficient at promoting the germination of pollen grains. The studied genotypes had high levels of viability and can therefore be used as male parents in genetic improvement programs.

The study of mitogenomes allows the unraveling of some paths of yeast evolution that are often not exposed when analyzing the nuclear genome. Although both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are known to determine phenotypic diversity and fitness, no concordance has yet established between the two, mainly regarding strains’ technological uses and/or geographical distribution. In the current work, we proposed a new method to align and analyze yeast mitogenomes, overcoming current difficulties that make it impossible to obtain comparable mitogenomes for a large number of isolates. To this end, 12,016 mitogenomes were considered, and we developed a novel approach consisting of the design of a reference sequence intended to be comparable between all mitogenomes. Subsequently, the population structure of 6646 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitogenomes was assessed. Results revealed the existence of particular clusters associated with the technological use of the strains, in particular regarding clinical isolates, laboratory strains, and yeasts used for wine-associated activities. As far as we know, this is the first time that a positive concordance between nuclear and mitogenomes has been reported for S. cerevisiae, in terms of strains’ technological applications. The results obtained highlighted the importance of including the mtDNA genome in evolutionary analysis, in order to clarify the origin and history of yeast species.

De início, os autores diferenciam o capital de investimento do capital financeiro, em especial quanto à existência de atividade empresarial real ou de mera mobilidade do capital. A seguir, são analisados os conceitos de “paraíso fiscal” e de regime fiscal privilegiado e as regras criadas no plano internacional com o objetivo de regular a competição tributária. Neste aspecto, são destacados os tratados e os acordos multilaterais (“hard law”), as diretrizes da OCDE, as quais são caracterizadas como “soft law”, e o entendimento da doutrina quanto ao tema. Os autores também analisam a competição tributária sob a ótica da Lei Complementar n° 24/75 e das novas regras criadas pela Lei Complementar n° 160/2017, tais como a alteração parcial (e insuficiente) da unanimidade nos convênios do ICMS, a aplicação de sanções mais severas ao Estado que descumpre a Lei Complementar n° 24/75 e a atuação do Ministro de Estado da Fazenda nas situações de conflito quanto à concessão de benefícios ou incentivos fiscais. Somando-se a isso, são analisados o posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal quanto à competição tributária prejudicial e o fenômeno da “inconstitucionalidade útil”. Ademais, é realizada uma comparação entre as inovações da Lei Complementar n° 160/2017 e as regras existentes no direito tributário internacional para regular a competição tributária.

Dalbergia ecastaphyllum is a native Brazil plant with importance for beekeeping, and widely used in folk medicine. For the first time, the extracts of this plant were assessed for the presence of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants, as well as inhibition of tyrosinase, free radicals scavenging and sunscreen protection. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching assay. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was evaluated and calculated the EC50. The photoprotective activity was measured using different concentrations of D. ecastaphyllum extracts. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the samples was higher than 6, and the sample from Ilhéus showed the most pronounced photoprotective effect. Sample from Canavieiras presented the highest antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging DPPH and β-carotene bleaching method, with 92.41% and 48.34%, respectively. All samples inhibited the tyrosinase, especially the sample from Prado that was most effective (124.62 μg.mL-1). Significant negative correlation was found between flavonoid contents and inhibition of tyrosinase. The overall results provide relevant information about the Dalbergia ecastaphyllum species, indicating as potential material to cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

Os autores do artigo questionam a necessidade de haver decisões unânimes nos convênios do Conselho Nacional de Política Fazendária (CONFAZ) sobre a concessão de benefícios ou incentivos fiscais de ICMS. Para tanto, é apresentado o posicionamento do STF sobre o tema, o procedimento legislativo adotado pelos Estados para enfrentar as declarações de inconstitucionalidade, a ocorrência da chamada “inconstitucionalidade útil”, bem como é examinada a Lei Complementar n° 24/75. Além disso, é realizada uma análise crítica do perigo de se perpetuar a “ditadura da minoria” na Federação brasileira. Somando-se a isso, uma abordagem histórica é realizada, destacando-se o posicionamento doutrinário sobre a questão. Por fim, são apresentadas sugestões para se enfrentar o problema da unanimidade nos convênios do CONFAZ.

O processo MBBR/IFAS, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor/Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge, é uma tecnologia recente para o tratamento de esgoto que incorpora tanto biomassa em suspensão como aderida. Seus parâmetros de controle são os mesmos aplicados ao processo de lodo ativado, observadas algumas especificidades. Como objetivo principal deste trabalho, apresenta-se uma análise comparativa entre os custos de implantação de uma unidade IFAS e de lodo ativado operando sob alta taxa, na faixa convencional e com aeração prolongada, para populações de 50.000 e 500.000 habitantes. Os resultados mostraram que, sob as hipóteses assumidas para a implantação dos reatores, o custo do processo de lodo ativado foi de 36% até 100% do custo do processo IFAS, dependendo da carga orgânica aplicada, do preço do terreno ou do custo do meio suporte.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the quality of life of victims of traumatic brain injury six months after the event and to show the relationship between the results observed and the clinical, sociodemographic and return to productivity data. METHOD: data were analyzed from 47 victims assisted in a trauma reference hospital in the municipality of Aracaju and monitored in an outpatient neurosurgery clinic. The data were obtained through analysis of the patient records and structured interviews, with the application of the World Health Organization Quality of Life, brief version, questionnaire. RESULTS: the victims presented positive perceptions of their quality of life, and the physical domain presented the highest mean value (68.4±22.9). Among the sociodemographic characteristics, a statistically significant correlation was found between marital status and the psychological domain. However, the return to productivity was related to all the domains. CONCLUSION: the return to productivity was an important factor for the quality of life of the victims of traumatic brain injury and should direct the public policies in promoting the health of these victims.

Abstract Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), a type of traumatic injury, is known for its severe consequences. However, there are few studies describing the outcomes of DAI and the risk factors associated with it. This study aimed to describe the outcome for patients with a primary diagnosis of DAI six months after trauma and to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with mortality and dependence at this time point. Seventy-eight patients with DAI were recruited from July 2013 to February 2014 in a prospective cohort study. Patient outcome was analyzed using the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E) within six months of the traumatic injury. The mean Injury Severity Score was 35.0 (SD = 11.9), and the mean New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was 46.2 (SD = 15.9). Mild DAI was observed in 44.9% of the patients and severe DAI in 35.9%. Six months after trauma, 30.8% of the patients had died, and 45.1% had shown full recovery according to the GOS-E. In the logistic regression model, the severity variables—DAI with hypoxia, as measured by peripheral oxygen saturation, and hypotension with NISS value—had a statistically significant association with patient mortality; on the other hand, severity of DAI and length of hospital stay were the only significant predictors for dependence. Therefore, severity of DAI emerged as a risk factor for both mortality and dependence.

O trauma por acidentes motociclísticos atinge um grande número de vítimas e se constitui um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo documental com abordagem quantitativa que objetivou levantar dados epidemiológicos de 554 vítimas de acidentes motociclísticos atendidos nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2006 em um centro de referência ao trauma de Sergipe. As análises dos resultados evidenciaram predominância de homens (82,7%) com idade média de 27,78 anos que deram entrada no turno da noite (45,9%), domingo (27,3%), que tiveram como lesão as escoriações (n=169), nas regiões da cabeça, face e pescoço. Permaneceram no hospital até 12 horas (76%), evoluindo para alta. Dos casos registrados, 14,6% tinham suspeita de ingestão alcoólica e 19,3% não utilizavam capacete durante o acidente.

Neste trabalho, determinou-se o valor nutritivo de quatro alimentos energéticos (fubá de milho, sorgo, farelo de arroz integral e quirera de arroz) para juvenis de surubim. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e energia bruta (EB) foram avaliados pela metodologia de substituição do alimento numa ração-referência usando-se 0,1% de óxido crômico como indicador externo. Utilizaram-se 240 alevinos com 30 g de peso médio distribuídos em tanques apropriados para coleta de fezes. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro dietas, cada uma com quatro repetições. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca do fubá de milho foi de 62,3%; do farelo de arroz, 59,7%; da quirera de arroz, 40,4%; e do sorgo, 38%. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, nesta ordem, foram 87,4; 83,8; 85,3; e 81,1%; e os da energia bruta, 62,4; 66,4; 46,9 e 47,8%. Entre os alimentos avaliados, o que possui maior digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta é o farelo de arroz e o de menor digestibilidade, o sorgo.It was determined, in this work, the nutritional value of four energetic feeds (corn meal, sorghum, whole rice bran, and ground rice) for surubim juveniles. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and gross energy (GE) were evaluated by food replacement methodology in a reference-feeding using 0.1% of chromic oxide as an external marker. It was used 240 fingerlings with an average weight of 30 g distributed in tanks fitted for faeces collection. A complete random design with four diets, each one with four replicates, was used. Apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter for corn meal was 62.3%; for rice bran, 59.7%; for ground rice, 40.4%, and for sorghum, 38%. Digestibility coefficients for crude protein were, in this order, the following: 87.4, 83.8, 85.3 and 81.1% and digestibility coefficient for gross energy were: 62.4, 66.4, 46.9 and 47.8%. Among the evaluated feeds, the one with the highest digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy is the rice bran and the one with the lowest digestibility is the sorghum.

Os perfis longitudinais de rios são sensíveis a movimentações tectônicas causando alterações no nível de base. Devido a isto, verifica-se incisão fluvial a montante de compartimentos abatidos e agradação a jusante de compartimentos levantados. Os canais fl uviais são dinâmicos e se modificam através da incisão e da agradação periódicas, o estudo destes processos reveste-se de grande importância na compreensão das alterações do relevo. A formação de vales encaixados com perfis típicos em V, ou o aparecimento de trechos de agradação pode ter origem em causas tectônicas, ou outras. Hack (1973) propôs um índice (stream-gradient index) para detectar estas alterações em cursos fluviais, decorrentes de mudanças no substrato geológico, aporte de carga, ou tectonismo. O stream-gradient index, ou simplesmente índice SL, relação declive (slope) vs. comprimento do curso (length). O presente trabalho objetiva identificar rupturas de declive, num trecho do rio Zêzere, afluente do rio Tejo. O rio Zêzere corre num vale encaixado no interior da Cordilheira Central Portuguesa. Para identificar as roturas de declive utilizou-se o perfil longitudinal, índice de Hack, SL (slope VS. Lenght). Como resultado foi possível detectar locais onde sofreram abatimentos tectônicos, principalmente entre Pedrógão e Bogas de Baixo, foi possível também observar a influência de processos de erosão diferencial e de soleiras Quartzíticas de Farjão a Sarzedas na regularização dos processos tectônicos a montante daqueles níveis de base locais.

A intradermorreação de Montenegro, um teste de hipersensibilidade tardia, é um método muito utilizado no diagnóstico auxiliar da leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) humana. Entretanto, são escassos os relatos a respeito das alterações histológicas induzidas experimentalmente peto teste cutâneo, sobretudo no cão. Frente a isso, a nível de campo, foram comparados dois testes cutâneos para diagnóstico da leishmaniose tegumentar canina (LTC), utilizando-se o LeishvacinR e o P10.000G como antígenos. Nos cães que receberam o PIO.OOOG, constatou-se reação inflamatória mais evidente e difusa que nos testados com o LeishvacinR.The Montenegro skin test is widefy used as a diagnostic method for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). However, there is little information about the histological changes that occur after administration of the antigen, especially indogs. Two intra dermal reactions were used in mongrel dogs during a clinical and epidemiolog ical study as a diagnostic method for canine cutaneous leishmaniasis at Virginópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. LeishvacinR and P10.000G were used as antigens. The inflammatory reaction was more intense and diffuse in dogs tested with PIO.OOOG than LeishvacinR.

This work aimed to determine the effect of stocking density on the biomass production, final weight, feed conversion and survival rate of Pseudoplatystoma spp. surubim reared in floating net cages under three initial stocking densities. Twelve floating net cages located in a 47-ha reservoir were stocked with 35, 70 and 105 fish/m3 averaging 50 g from April to August 1999. At the end of the experimental period (105 days), the final average weights of the treatments were 197.4, 171.15, and 161.45 g, respectively. The highest final mean weight was reached at the lowest initial density. No significant effects of initial stocking density were observed on survival (95.97, 97.80 and 96.73%, respectively) and feed conversion rates (1.49; 1.60 e 1.56; respectively). The final biomass of 87.93, 157.67, and 220.46 kg were affected by the initial stocking density. At higher storage densities, the individual weight gain decreased, but the final biomass increased significantly.Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o efeito da densidade de estocagem na produção, no ganho de peso, na conversão alimentar e na sobrevivência do surubim Pseudoplatystoma spp. cultivado em tanques-rede, sob três diferentes densidades de estocagem iniciais. Doze tanques-rede foram instalados em uma represa de 47 ha e estocados com 35, 70 e 105 alevinos de surubim/m3, com peso médio de 50g, no período de abril a agosto de 1999. Ao final de 105 dias de experimento, os pesos finais médios para os tratamentos foram 197,4; 171,15 e 161,45 g, respectivamente. O maior peso médio foi alcançado no tratamento de menor densidade. As sobrevivências (95,97; 97,80 e 96,73%, respectivamente) e a conversão alimentar (1,49; 1,60 e 1,56:1, respectivamente) não foram afetadas pela densidade de estocagem inicial. As biomassas finais foram 87,93; 157,67 e 220,46 kg, respectivamente, com efeito significativo da densidade de estocagem inicial. Com o aumento da densidade de estocagem, houve redução do ganho de peso individual, porém a biomassa final aumentou consideravelmente.

The parameters of carcass trait of alive surubim (Pseudoplatystoma spp.) evaluated by ultrasound were estimated in this trial. A total of 34 fish was divided into two groups according to average body weight: group 1 = 2.7 kg e group 2 = 1.5 kg. The fish were measured for total, head and standard lengths. Ultrasound images of four defined points were obtained: 1 - anterior insertion of dorsal fin; 2 - posterior insertion of dorsal fin; 3 - anterior insertion of fat fin and 4 - insertion of caudal fin. After, weights of carcass, head, shank fillet and belly fillet were obtained. Correlations of measures obtained by the ultrasound images with carcass yield traits were determined. The point 3 showed the best correlations for yield of group 1 with: carcass (0.91), head (0.86), shank fillet (0.87) and belly fillet (0.91). Carcass yield of group 1 was higher (70.9%) than group 2 (66.9%), probably due to the highest head weight of these animals. The best equations for carcass yield and fillet weight were the ones that considered the measures of point 3 and total length, respectively. Ultrasound for evaluation of carcass traits in alive surubim is a reliable technique, once it can maintains reproducers with great performance inside stock.Objetivou-se com este trabalho definir parâmetros de avaliação do rendimento de carcaça em surubins Pseudoplatystoma spp. vivos por intermédio da ultra-sonografia. Foram utilizados 34 peixes divididos em dois grupos conforme peso médio: grupo 1 = 2,7 kg e grupo 2 = 1,5 kg. De cada exemplar obtiveram-se as medidas de comprimento total, comprimento de cabeça e comprimento padrão. Foram realizadas imagens dorso ventrais em quatro pontos: 1 - base anterior da nadadeira dorsal; 2 - base posterior da nadadeira dorsal; 3 - base anterior da nadadeira adiposa e 4 - base do pedúnculo caudal, onde foram mensuradas altura, largura e área da musculatura epi-axial. Posteriormente, foram obtidos pesos da carcaça, da cabeça, do filé de lombo e do filé de barriga. Correlacionaram-se as medidas obtidas pelo ultra-som com aquelas de rendimento de carcaça. O ponto 3 apresentou as melhores correlações para rendimento dos peixes do grupo 1. Pelo ultra-som a área desse corte foi o parâmetro com maiores correlações com: carcaça (0,91), cabeça (0,86), filé de barriga (0,87) e filé de lombo (0,91). O rendimento de carcaça do grupo 1 (70,9%) foi superior ao do grupo 2 (66,9%), possivelmente, em razão da maior porcentagem de cabeça destes animais. As equações com melhor predição para rendimento de carcaça e peso dos filés foram as que consideraram as medidas do ponto 3 e o comprimento total, respectivamente. A ultra-sonografia para avaliação de características de carcaça em surubins vivos é uma técnica confiável, o que possibilita a manutenção de peixes com características zootécnicas superiores dentro do plantel.

The development of diets with high nutritive value, economic viability and correct environmental is dependent of amino acids nutrition requirements and knowledge. This study was conducted with the objective of estimating the amino acids requirements for fish, based on body composition and the ideal amino acid pattern. In order to define body amino acids content, fingerlings with 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days old, after the yolk absorption were used. The experimental design was the entirely randomized, with four repetitions. Body dry matter, crude protein and amino acids content were determined. For ages ranging from 28 to 35 days, crude protein was higher than the others, but not different between them. For the estimative of amino acids requirements, the body composition of fingerlings of 100% of lysine was established, then body composition and ideal amino acid pattern methodology was used. Both estimative were similar for the requirements determined by dose response.O desenvolvimento de rações de alto valor nutricional, economicamente viáveis e ambientalmente corretas depende do conhecimento das exigências nutricionais de aminoácidos para a espécie e fase de vida a ser produzida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as exigências de aminoácidos para alevinos de tilápia através da composição corporal e do conceito de proteína ideal. Para a determinação da composição corporal foram coletados alevinos de 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias a partir do final do consumo do saco vitelino num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Foi determinada a composição em matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e aminoácidos, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de SNK a 5% de erro. O conteúdo de MS não diferiu significativamente entre as idades (17,46%). As PB nas idades de 28 e 35 dias foram significativamente superiores as demais, com média de 74,46%. Os aminoácidos não diferiram significativas entre as idades. Para a estimativa das necessidades aminoacídicas foi estabelecida relação corporal de aminoácidos, atribuindo-se um valor de 100% à lisina e aplicado o conceito de proteína ideal, além da metodologia que utiliza como parâmetro a composição corporal. Ambas estimativas foram semelhantes às exigências determinadas por Santiago e Lovell (1988).