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Penurunan fungsi kefasihan matematika dikalangan anak-anak menjadi permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek brain jooging terhadap peningkatan variabel kefasihan matematika dan bagaimana peran dari fungsi eksekutif. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah true eksperimen dengan menggunakan design random pretest and posttest group. Adapun teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purpossive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas II dan III yang berjumlah 46 anak yang memiliki usia maksimal 8 tahun. Tiga Instrumen digunakan untuk mengukur fungsi eksekutif di antaranya Go or No Go Test untuk mengukur inhibition, Corsi Block Test untuk mengukur working memory, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test untuk mengukur cognitive flexibility, sedangkan untuk mengukur Kefasihan Matematika pada anak menggunakan Woodcock-Munoz Battery III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program aktivitas fisik efektif meningkatkan kefasihan matematika. Kesimpulan bahwa fungsi eksekutif berhasil memediasi hubungan antara program aktivitas fisik brain jogging dengan kefasihan matematika.

Little is known about government policies that regulate economic transfers between separated parents (child support) outside of high-income countries. This paper provides the first broad overview of child support policy and its outcomes in 37 middle- and low-income countries. Using a systematic literature review, we provide information on child support policies in these countries, considering institutional arrangements, procedures for determining how much child support is due and how obligations are enforced. Using descriptive statistics on individual-level data from the Luxembourg Income Study Database, we show that poverty rates are high among lone-mother families and that fewer than one-third of lone mothers receive child support. Among those who receive, however, amounts average over $3,600 US$/year, making child support an important income source for some. We discuss how current policies and their estimated outcomes are similar to (or differ from) the previous work that focused on high-income countries.

This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on sports nutrition as recovery published between 1964 and 2022. This study illustrates the structure and trends in sports nutrition publications by using scientific mapping and analyzing publication performance. This study identified the contributions of authors, journals, countries, and widely cited articles. While there was no massive expansion in the first year of publication, the results show that high growth emerged in the 2010s. Several countries have made significant contributions to recovery research in sports nutrition. European countries account for the majority of publications on this subject. Latin American and Asian countries are also keeping an eye on the study's growth. Another finding is that various multidisciplinary publishers publish articles about sports nutrition. The International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, on the other hand, is the journal that publishes the most articles. Burke L.M. has established himself as a prolific writer in this field, producing many documents and total citations. Several keywords have large nodes associated with their frequency of occurrence. The keyword relationship provides information about the relationship between keywords frequently appearing in one study. Visualizations of research trends are presented to provide an up-to-date reference guide for academics, revealing critical research gaps and potential research avenues for future studies to advance the discipline's consolidation.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of exercise in open spaces with exposure to pollution and activity in green open areas on lung inflammation. The true experimental method and The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design were used in this study. Twenty-four adult male Wistar white rats weighing 200-250 grams aged 8-9 weeks were randomly divided using simple random sampling technique into four groups, NE (Non-Exercise) as control, NE+Pol (Non Exercise + Pollution Particulate Matter 2.5 >75 ppm, and Carbon Monoxide Meter

Supplementary Methods, Figure Legend from Optical Detection of Buccal Epithelial Nanoarchitectural Alterations in Patients Harboring Lung Cancer: Implications for Screening

We have recently developed a novel optical technology, partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy, which is exquisitely sensitive to the nanoarchitectural manifestation of the genetic/epigenetic alterations of field carcinogenesis. Our approach was to screen for lung cancer by assessing the cheek cells based on emerging genetic/epigenetic data which suggests that the buccal epithelium is altered in lung field carcinogenesis. We performed PWS analysis from microscopically normal buccal epithelial brushings from smokers with and without lung cancer (n = 135). The PWS parameter, disorder strength of cell nanoarchitecture (Ld), was markedly (>50%) elevated in patients harboring lung cancer compared with neoplasia-free smokers. The performance characteristic was excellent with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of >0.80 and was equivalent for both disease stage (early versus late) and histologies (small cell versus non–small cell lung cancers). An independent data set validated the findings with only a minimal degradation of performance characteristics. Our results offer proof of concept that buccal PWS may potentially herald a minimally intrusive prescreening test that could be integral to the success of lung cancer population screening programs. Cancer Res; 70(20); 7748–54. ©2010 AACR.

Supplementary Figure 1 from Optical Detection of Buccal Epithelial Nanoarchitectural Alterations in Patients Harboring Lung Cancer: Implications for Screening

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh olahraga di ruang terbuka dengan paparan polusi dan olahraga di ruang terbuka hijau terhadap inflamasi paru. Metode true eksperiment dan desain The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design digunakan dalam penelitian ini. 24 ekor tikus putih galur wistar jantan dewasa dengan berat 200-250 gram berusia 8-9 minggu dibagi secara acak menjadi empat kelompok, NE (Non Exercise) sebagai kontrol, NE+Pol (Non Exercise + polusi Particulate Matter 2.5 75 ppm dan Carbon Monoxide Meter 100 ppm), Ex (Exercise 5 kali/minggu selama 4 minggu), Ex+Pol (Exercise + polusi). Penanda inflamasi Tumor Necrosis Factor-αlpha (TNF-α) dianalisis menggunakan Western Blotting. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok, analisis ANOVA satu jalur dan uji Post Hoc digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok eksperimen olahraga dengan paparan polusi memiliki kadar TNF-α yang signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (Ex+Pol: 1,63 AU; NE: 0,54 AU; p=0,000). Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok eksperimen olahraga di ruang terbuka hijau dengan kelompok kontrol (Ex: 0,80 AU; NE: 0,54 AU; p=0,357). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh olahraga di ruang terbuka dengan paparan polusi terhadap inflamasi paru. Dan hasil lain menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh olahraga di ruang terbuka hijau terhadap inflamasi paru.The effect of exercise in open spaces and green open spaces on lung inflammationAbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of exercise in open spaces with exposure to pollution and exercise in green open spaces on lung inflammation. True eksperiment and The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design was used in this study. 24 adult male wistar white rats weighing 200-250 grams aged 8-9 weeks were randomly divided into four group, NE (Non Exercise) as control, NE+Pol (Non Exercise + exposure pollution Particulate Matter 2.5 75 ppm and Carbon Monoxide Meter 100 ppm), Ex (Exercise 5 times/week for 4 weeks), and Ex+Pol (Exercise + exposure pollution). The inflammatory marker Tumor Necrosis Factor-αlpha (TNF-α) was analyzed using Western Blotting. To find out the significant differences between groups, one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test were used. The results showed that the exercise + exposure to pollution had significantly higher levels of TNF-α than the control group (Ex+Pol: 1,63 AU; NE: 0,54 AU; p=0,000). There was no significant difference between the exercise in green open space and the control group (Ex: 0,80 AU; NE: 0,54 AU; p=0,357). It can be concluded that there is an effect of exercise in an open space with exposure to pollution on lung inflammation. And other results show there is no effect of exercise in green open spaces on lung inflammation.

PCBs, as one of the most valuable streams of e-waste, are a considerable source of precious metals, but also contain considerable amounts of plastic and ceramic. These non-metallic fractions interfere with and can inhibit the efficiency of metal recovery, particularly for precious and rare earth metals, which are present in e-waste in very low concentrations. In this work, electro-mechanical pre-treatment was applied in order to remove ceramic and plastic fractions from e-waste prior to the application of the bioleaching process. Metal content with and without mechanical separation, as well as metal dissolution and behaviour in the bioleaching process were compared. The results obtained illustrate the beneficial effects of separating the metallic from the non-metallic fraction prior the bioleaching process for the recovery of precious, rare earth and base metals from e-waste.

Physical activity and physical fitness have a vital role in enhancing a healthy and active lifestyle for individuals. This study aimed to see the impact of providing a health-related fitness model on physical improvement and vocational high school students' physical activity. The experimental method with randomized control group pretest-posttest design was applied in this research. The sample selection was based on random cluster sampling to select two classes as the experimental group and the control group consisting of 33 students each, with an age range of 16-17. The instruments used in this study were physical fitness test instruments and students' physical activity tests. The data analysis technique used the Mann-Whitney test and t-test to determine the difference in influence between the experimental and control groups. The results showed that overall, the two groups had a positive impact on the improvement of students' physical fitness and physical activity. However, the experimental class showed a significant increase compared to the control class on the physical fitness variable. Meanwhile, in the physical activity variable, there was no significant difference between the two groups. From these findings, the researchers concluded that the health-related fitness model and the direct instruction model could be applied as an alternative for teachers to improve physical fitness and physical activity for vocational high school students. Furthermore, the researcher explicitly suggests the use of health-related fitness models to improve students' physical fitness.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced disease (COVID-19) and Gaucher disease (GD) exhibit upregulation of complement 5a (C5a) and its C5aR1 receptor, and excess synthesis of glycosphingolipids that lead to increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, resulting in massive generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. This C5a–C5aR1–glycosphingolipid pathway- induced pro-inflammatory environment causes the tissue damage in COVID-19 and GD. Strikingly, pharmaceutically targeting the C5a–C5aR1 axis or the glycosphingolipid synthesis pathway led to a reduction in glycosphingolipid synthesis and innate and adaptive immune inflammation, and protection from the tissue destruction in both COVID-19 and GD. These results reveal a common involvement of the complement and glycosphingolipid systems driving immune inflammation and tissue damage in COVID-19 and GD, respectively. It is therefore expected that combined targeting of the complement and sphingolipid pathways could ameliorate the tissue destruction, organ failure, and death in patients at high-risk of developing severe cases of COVID-19.

Wearable Photoplethysmography (PPG) has gained prominence as a low cost, unobtrusive and continuous method for physiological monitoring. The quality of the collected PPG signals is affected by several sources of interference, predominantly due to physical motion. Many methods for estimating heart rate (HR) from PPG signals have been proposed with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) gaining popularity in recent years. However, the 'black-box' and complex nature of DNNs has caused a lack of trust in the predicted values. This paper contributes DeepPulse, an uncertainty-aware DNN method for estimating HR from PPG and accelerometer signals, with aims of increasing the reliability, usability and interpretability of the predicted HR values. To the best of the authors' knowledge no PPG HR estimation method has considered aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty metrics. The results show DeepPulse is the most accurate method for DNNs with less than 1 million network parameters. Finally, recommendations are given to reduce epistemic uncertainty, validate uncertainty estimates, improve the accuracy of DeepPulse as well as reduce the model size for resource-constrained edge devices.

The prevention of liver disease could be conducted through preventive strategies, such as antioxidants and exercise. Moringa leaf extract has substances that could act as antioxidant, while exercise is also known protecting the liver from disease by changing hepatic metabolism and autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of moringa leaf extract and moderate intensity exercise on histopathological appearance and autophagy gene expression of wistar rat liver. The method used in this study was animal experiment using 24 male wistar rats divided into 4 groups, including control group, moringa group, exercise group, and moringa + exercise group. Moringa leaf extract was given in low dose (5.7 mg/kgW) per oral, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the 20 m/minute treadmill exercise was given for 30 minutes per day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Results showed a significant change on histopathological scoring in exercise group (p=0.011) compared to control group. Increased autophagy gene expression was found in moringa + exercise group compared to control group (LC3 0.90 fold; p62 0.87 fold). In summary, this study presented that moderate intensity exercise induced changes on histopathological appearance of wistar rat liver that might be associated with physiological inflammation. Moringa, with its antioxidant properties, combined with increased autophagy might improve histopathological changes in moringa + exercise group.

This research was aimed at studying dry-land training on the performance of water polo athletes, starting from the dry-land training model to improving the performance of water polo athletes. The research method used was the quantitative methods with meta-analysis techniques. The research method presented an analysis of the publication of scientific journals in reputable international journals and reputable national journals relating to dry-land training on improving the performance of water polo athletes. The samples of this study were scientific articles that were published in an international journal, indexed in the highly reputable Scopus database category Q1/Q2 with H-Index, and articles that were published in an international journal with the Elsevier homepage with Impact Factors from 2014-2020. The instrument used in this study was the code submission sheet. The data analysis was conducted through SPSS version 21. The test result obtained significance values p 0.05, so that the dry land training model provided a valid effect size in improving the performance of water polo athletes. Therefore, was refused. The conclusion of this study is that the dry-land training model provides a significant effect on the performance of water polo athletes. The study also concludes that the Athlete's age, exercise intensity, and compliance with training rules become the factors that affect the improvement of water polo athlete performance., Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pelatihan dry-land terhadap performa atlet polo air. dari model latihan dry-land terhadap peningkatan performa atlet poloair. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik meta analisis. Metode ini menyajikan analisis hasil publikasi penelitian ilmiah pada elektronik jurnal Internasional bereputasi dan jurnal nasional bereputasi yang berkaitan dengan dampak pelatihan dry-land terhadap peningkatan performa atlet polo air. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah artikel ilmiah yang publish di jurnal internasional terindeks database bereputasi tinggi Scopus kategori Q1/Q2 dengan H-Index, dan artikel yang publish di jurnal internasional dengan homepage Elsevier dengan Impact Factor dari tahun 2014-2020. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar pemberian kode (coding data). Analisis data diperoleh melalui program SPSS versi 21. Hasil uji diperoleh nilai signifikansi atau p 0.05 sehingga model latihan dry-land memberikan effect size yang valid dalam meningkatkan performa atlet polo air, yang artinya ditolak maka terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan dryland terhadap peningkatan performa atlet polo air. Hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan di dalam menerapkan model latihan dry-land adalah kategori usia atlet dan intensitas latihan harus sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah latihan agar memperoleh hasil yang optimal. Secara keseluruhan model latihan dry-land memberikan effect size terhadap performa atlet polo air secara signifikan.

This study aims to determine the effect of body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet and running combined with a low carbohydrate diet on reducing body fat percentage in overweight and obese young man. The research used pretest posttest group design experimental method. The sample consisted of 30 young man divided into two groups that had been strictly selected. Their body fat percentage was measured before and after the research program. The result was analyzed through paired sample t-test at a significance level of α 0.05 and the average difference test (independent sample t-test posttest) to get a better result. This study shows that body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet and running combined with a low carbohydrate diet have a significant effect on decreasing body fat percentage, but running combined with a low carbohydrate diet is better at reducing body fat percentage compared with body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet. Overweight and obese young man can apply body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet or run combined with a low carbohydrate diet to reduce body fat percentage, but to get the results of a reduction in body fat percentage running and low carbohydrate diets is more recommended.

Curcumin, which comes from the rhizome Curcuma longa L, is known as the polyphenol with a high level content of natural antioxidants and has benefits on pharmacological activities and human health. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of nanocurcumin itself and the combination with exercise on 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PGC-1α, and mitochondrial protein expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX-IV), in rat gastrocnemius muscle. Animals separated to be non-endurance exercise and endurance exercise group. Curcumin and nanocurcumin with doses 100 mg per kg-body weight per day were given peroral in both groups for 28 days in order to determine the effect of nanocurcumin on mitochondrial markers including AMPK-PGC-1α and COX-IV. Western blotting (WB) method was applied to investigate the protein expression on skeletal muscle. The result showed that nanocurcumin increased mitochondrial marker protein COX-IV on non exercise and exercise groups. Furthermore, our result demonstrated that nanocurcumin treatment combined with exercise increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and PGC-1α. Addition, nanocurcumin treatment alone, without exercise, also increased PGC-1α protein expression. This current result suggests that nanocurcumin could increase mitochondrial biogenesis markers. When it is used together with exercise, it potentially has the additive effect of exercise to increase mitochondrial markers through AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway. In conclusion, nanocurcumin treatment combined with exercise potentially increases mitochondrial biogenesis.

Optical pulse detection photoplethysmography (PPG) provides a means of low cost and unobtrusive physiological monitoring that is popular in many wearable devices. However, the accuracy, robustness and generalizability of single-wavelength PPG sensing are sensitive to biological characteristics as well as sensor configuration and placement; this is significant given the increasing adoption of single-wavelength wrist-worn PPG devices in clinical studies and healthcare. Since different wavelengths interact with the skin to varying degrees, researchers have explored the use of multi-wavelength PPG to improve sensing accuracy, robustness and generalizability. This paper contributes a novel and comprehensive state-of-the-art review of wearable multi-wavelength PPG sensing, encompassing motion artifact reduction and estimation of physiological parameters. The paper also encompasses theoretical details about multi-wavelength PPG sensing and the effects of biological characteristics. The review findings highlight the promising developments in motion artifact reduction using multi-wavelength approaches, the effects of skin temperature on PPG sensing, the need for improved diversity in PPG sensing studies and the lack of studies that investigate the combined effects of factors. Recommendations are made for the standardization and completeness of reporting in terms of study design, sensing technology and participant characteristics.

Background Unkept outpatient hospital appointments cost the National Health Service £1 billion each year. Given the associated costs and morbidity of unkept appointments, this is an issue requiring urgent attention. We aimed to determine rates of unkept outpatient clinic appointments across hospital trusts in the England. In addition, we aimed to examine the predictors of unkept outpatient clinic appointments across specialties at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHT). Our final aim was to train machine learning models to determine the effectiveness of a potential intervention in reducing unkept appointments. Methods and findings UK Hospital Episode Statistics outpatient data from 2016 to 2018 were used for this study. Machine learning models were trained to determine predictors of unkept appointments and their relative importance. These models were gradient boosting machines. In 2017–2018 there were approximately 85 million outpatient appointments, with an unkept appointment rate of 5.7%. Within ICHT, there were almost 1 million appointments, with an unkept appointment rate of 11.2%. Hepatology had the highest rate of unkept appointments (17%), and medical oncology had the lowest (6%). The most important predictors of unkept appointments included the recency (25%) and frequency (13%) of previous unkept appointments and age at appointment (10%). A sensitivity of 0.287 was calculated overall for specialties with at least 10,000 appointments in 2016–2017 (after data cleaning). This suggests that 28.7% of patients who do miss their appointment would be successfully targeted if the top 10% least likely to attend received an intervention. As a result, an intervention targeting the top 10% of likely non-attenders, in the full population of patients, would be able to capture 28.7% of unkept appointments if successful. Study limitations include that some unkept appointments may have been missed from the analysis because recording of unkept appointments is not mandatory in England. Furthermore, results here are based on a single trust in England, hence may not be generalisable to other locations. Conclusions Unkept appointments remain an ongoing concern for healthcare systems internationally. Using machine learning, we can identify those most likely to miss their appointment and implement more targeted interventions to reduce unkept appointment rates., Sion Phillpott-Morgan and co-workers study occurrence and possible predictors of unkept outpatient appointments in the UK., Author summary Why was the study done? Unkept appointments cost the National Heath Service £1 billion annually. What did the researchers do and find? We determined rates of unkept outpatient clinic appointments and examined the predictors of unkept appointments across specialties. We found that patients who had previously missed their appointment were most likely to miss another appointment. What do these findings mean? Based on our results, we have identified a cohort of patients for whom targeted interventions can be implemented, to reduce the number of unkept appointments in order to improve patient care and reduce costs to healthcare providers.