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Objectives: There is a limited number of updated epidemiological Brazilian data on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of HNSCC patients from Brazilian public and private systems. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study that included patients diagnosed with HNSCC from Brazilian public and private settings from 2016 to 2018. As for the public scenario, data were drawn from the public hospital national cancer registry database. As for the private sector, the data were extracted from medical records of patients from Oncoclinicas, a large Brazilian oncology group. Results: A total of 37,121 patients were included in the study, with 36,914 from the public and 207 from the private system. Patients in the public sector were younger than those in the private sector, with medians ages of 61.2 and 66.9 years, respectively. In both cohorts, a predominance of men with a history of tobacco and alcohol consumption and an advanced locoregional stage at diagnosis was observed. The main site of the primary tumor was the oropharynx in the private sector and oral cavity in the public sector. Among patients with oropharyngeal cancer, only those in the private sector were tested for HPV, with the majority being positive. Conclusions: This real-world data study provides epidemiologic characteristics of patients with HNSCC in two different Brazilian healthcare settings, presenting relevant insights into possible opportunities for improvements in the patient's journey with HNSCC.

ABSTRACT Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) accounts for most cases of thyroid cancer, and the heterogeneity of DTC requires that management decisions be taken by a multidisciplinary team involving endocrinologists, head and neck surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, pathologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. It is important for nonspecialists to recognize and refer patients with DTC who will benefit from a specialized approach. Recent advances in knowledge and changes in management of DTC call for the need to raise awareness on the part of these nonspecialist physicians, including general endocrinologists and medical oncologists at large. We provide an overview of diagnostic and therapeutic principles in DTC, especially those that bear direct implication on day-to-day management of these patients by generalists. Patients with DTC may be broadly categorized as having localized, locally persistent/recurrent, or metastatic disease. Current recommendations for DTC include a three-tiered system that classifies patients with localized disease into low, intermediate, or high risk of persistent or recurrent disease. Risk stratification should be performed at baseline and repeated on an ongoing basis, depending on clinical evolution. One of the overarching goals in the management of DTC is the need to personalize treatment by tailoring its modality and intensity according to ongoing prognostic stratification, evolving knowledge about the disease, and patient characteristics and preference. In metastatic disease that is refractory to radioactive iodine, thyroid tumors are being reclassified into molecular subtypes that better reflect their biological properties and for which molecular alterations can be targeted with specific agents.

Maladaptive avoidance behaviour is often observed in patients suffering from anxiety and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. The prefrontal-amygdala-hippocampus network is implicated in learning and memory consolidation. Neuroinflammation in this circuitry alters network dynamics, resulting in maladaptive avoidance behaviour. The two-way active avoidance test is a well-established translational model for assessing avoidance responses to stressful situations. While some animals learn the task and show adaptive avoidance (AA), others show strong fear responses to the test environment and maladaptive avoidance (MA). Here, we investigated if a distinct neuroinflammation pattern in the prefrontal-amygdala-hippocampus network underlies the behavioural difference observed in these animals. Wistar rats were tested 8 times and categorized as AA or MA based on behaviour. Brain recovery followed for the analysis of neuroinflammatory markers in this network. AA and MA presented distinct patterns of neuroinflammation, with MA showing increased astrocyte, EAAT-2, IL-1β, IL-17 and TNF-ɑ in the amygdala. This neuroinflammatory pattern may underlie these animals' fear response and maladaptive avoidance. Further studies are warranted to determine the specific contributions of each inflammatory factor, as well as the possibility of treating maladaptive avoidance behaviour in patients with psychiatric disorders with anti-inflammatory drugs targeting the amygdala.

A Teoria dos Fundamentos Morais postula que liberais e conservadores são orientados por fundamentos morais distintos, o que pode ser usado como estratégia de persuasão política, bem como influenciar no comportamento de voto. No presente trabalho, realizamos quatro estudos. Os participantes responderam a um instrumento online composto pelo Questionário de Fundamentos Morais, uma medida de intenção de votos e informaram dados demográficos. Nos estudos foram identificados que a tendência individualizante influenciou a intenção de votos a candidatos de esquerda, enquanto a tendência coesiva influenciou a intenção para candidatos de direita nas eleições presidenciais de 2018 e 2022. Conclui-se que a TFM é um modelo robusto para compreensão de aspectos do comportamento político brasileiro.

ABSTRACT Although lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common and lethal tumors, only 15% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Smoking is still responsible for more than 85% of cases. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC-related mortality by 20%, and that reduction reaches 38% when LCS by LDCT is combined with smoking cessation. In the last decade, a number of countries have adopted population-based LCS as a public health recommendation. Albeit still incipient, discussion on this topic in Brazil is becoming increasingly broad and necessary. With the aim of increasing knowledge and stimulating debate on LCS, the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, the Brazilian Thoracic Association, and the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging convened a panel of experts to prepare recommendations for LCS in Brazil. The recommendations presented here were based on a narrative review of the literature, with an emphasis on large population-based studies, systematic reviews, and the recommendations of international guidelines, and were developed after extensive discussion by the panel of experts. The following topics were reviewed: reasons for screening; general considerations about smoking; epidemiology of LC; eligibility criteria; incidental findings; granulomatous lesions; probabilistic models; minimum requirements for LDCT; volumetric acquisition; risks of screening; minimum structure and role of the multidisciplinary team; practice according to the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System; costs versus benefits of screening; and future perspectives for LCS.

The establishment of a virus infection is the result of the pathogen's ability to replicate in a hostile environment generated by the host's immune system. Here, we found that ISG15 restricts Dengue and Zika viruses' replication through the stabilization of its binding partner USP18. ISG15 expression was necessary to control DV replication driven by both autocrine and paracrine type one interferon (IFN-I) signaling. Moreover, USP18 competes with NS5-mediated STAT2 degradation, a major mechanism for establishment of flavivirus infection. Strikingly, reconstitution of USP18 in ISG15-deficient cells was sufficient to restore the STAT2's stability and restrict virus growth, suggesting that the IFNAR-mediated ISG15 activity is also antiviral. Our results add a novel layer of complexity in the virus/host interaction interface and suggest that NS5 has a narrow window of opportunity to degrade STAT2, therefore suppressing host's IFN-I mediated response and promoting virus replication.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis extracts from different types, concentrations, and extraction solvents and from different regions in Brazil. A total of 21 samples were analyzed, comprising 14 samples from Apis mellifera (12 green, 1 brown, and 1 red) and 7 samples from stingless bees (3 mandaçaia, 2 jataí, 1 hebora, and 1 tubuna). The analyses performed were dry extract, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS). The antibacterial activity was performed by Determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The results showed that very low levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity decreased the antimicrobial activity of the propolis extracts from tubuna and jataí. However, there was no correlation between the increase in propolis concentration in the extract, and the increase in antimicrobial activity. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity was obtained for green propolis extract made with 70% raw propolis that presented similar antibacterial activity to the samples formulated with 30% or less raw propolis. The aqueous propolis extract showed lower antimicrobial activity compared to the alcoholic extracts, indicating that ethanol is a better solvent for extracting the active compounds from propolis. It was observed that the MIC (0.06 to 0.2 mg/mL) and MBC (0.2 to 0.5 mg/mL) values for Gram-negative bacteria were higher compared to Gram-positive bacteria (MIC 0.001-0.2 mg/mL, and the MBC 0.02-0.5 mg/mL). The propolis extracts that exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities were from stingless bees hebora from the Distrito Federal (DF) and mandaçaia from Santa Catarina, showing comparable efficacy to samples 5, 6, and 7, which were the green propolis from the DF. Hence, these products can be considered an excellent source of bioactive compounds with the potential for utilization in both the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Studies on the interaction sites of peptide toxins and ion channels typically involve site-directed mutations in toxins. However, natural mutant toxins exist among them, offering insights into how the evolutionary process has conserved crucial sequences for activities and molecular target selection. In this study, we present a comparative investigation using electrophysiological approaches and computational analysis between two alpha toxins from evolutionarily close scorpion species of the genus Tityus, namely, Tst3 and Ts3 from T. stigmurus and T. serrulatus, respectively. These toxins exhibit three natural substitutions near the C-terminal region, which is directly involved in the interaction between alpha toxins and Nav channels. Additionally, we characterized the activity of the Tst3 toxin on Nav1.1-Nav1.7 channels. The three natural changes between the toxins did not alter sensitivity to Nav1.4, maintaining similar intensities regarding their ability to alter opening probabilities, delay fast inactivation, and induce persistent currents. Computational analysis demonstrated a preference for the down conformation of VSD4 and a shift in the conformational equilibrium towards this state. This illustrates that the sequence of these toxins retained the necessary information, even with alterations in the interaction site region. Through electrophysiological and computational analyses, screening of the Tst3 toxin on sodium isoform revealed its classification as a classic α-NaTx with a broad spectrum of activity. It effectively delays fast inactivation across all tested isoforms. Structural analysis of molecular energetics at the interface of the VSD4-Tst3 complex further confirmed this effect.

Radio-frequency identification technology finds extensive use in various industrial applications, including those involving metallic surfaces. The integration of radio-frequency identification systems with metal surfaces, such as those found in the automotive sector, presents distinct challenges that can notably affect system efficacy due to metal’s tendency to reflect electromagnetic waves, thus degrading the functionality of conventional radio-frequency identification tags. This highlights the importance of conducting research into academic publications and patents to grasp the current advancements and challenges in this field, aiming to improve the applications of radio-frequency identification tags technology on metal. Consequently, this research undertakes a concise review of both the literature and patents exploring radio-frequency identification technology’s use for on-metal tags, utilizing resources like Google Scholar and Google Patents. The research categorized crucial aspects such as tag flexibility, operating frequency, and geographic origins of the research. Findings highlight China’s prominent role in contributing to metal-focused radio-frequency identification tag research, with a considerable volume of articles and patents. In particular, flexible tags and the Ultra-High Frequency range are dominant in both scholarly and patent documents, reflecting their significance in radio-frequency identification technology applications. The research underscores a vibrant area of development within radio-frequency identification technology, with continued innovation driven by specific industrial needs. Despite the noted advances, the presence of a significant percentage of no longer valid patents suggests substantial opportunities for further research and innovation in radio-frequency identification technology for on-metal applications, especially considering the demand for flexible tags and for solutions in systems that offer specialized characteristics or are tailored for specific uses.

Spatial and temporal variations can influence the abundance and biology of parasite species and even the transmission process, as well as the diet, reproduction and distribution of hosts. We studied the influence of seasonality on the diet and endoparasites of the lizard Strobilurus torquatus. The lizards were collected during a period of one year, in the Engenho Gargaú Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, located in the municipality of Santa Rita, in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Thirty-three lizards were analysed, of which 30 were parasitised (overall prevalence of 90%) with the helminths Physaloptera lutzi (prevalence of 69.6%), Spauligodon loboi (51.5%), Strongyluris oscari (15.1%) and Haplometroides odhneri (3.0%). Our analysis showed that endoparasite abundance was influenced by host body size (R2m: 0.95; R2c: 0.95; Z-value: 11.521; P < 0.0001). Host sex also influenced endoparasite abundance, where males were parasitised more than females (Z-value: 6.260; P < 0.001). When comparing the two seasons (dry and rainy), we observed that the greatest endoparasites abundance occurred during the rainy season (Z- value: -2.422; P < 0.05). Regarding the lizards’ diet, we observed a high niche overlap (overlap index of 0.999), which indicates that males and females of S. torquatus consumed practically the same prey during the analysed period. The life cycle of the endoparasites found in S. torquatus was linked to seasonal variation, and the behavioural and physiological differences between sexes may have influenced the variations in endoparasite abundance.

As discussões sobre as questões de produção agropecuária sustentável estão em evidência, isto se deve aos problemas atuais que a humanidade está enfrentando com as mudanças climáticas, degradação dos solos e produções agrícolas insustentáveis, visto que, na proporção que a população mundial aumenta, mais se torna necessário a produção de alimentos, porém as práticas agropecuárias não adequadas estão acelerando os problemas anteriores já citados. Diante do que foi exposto, surge o manejo de pastagens como um fator chave para a preservação ambiental e a qualidade de ecossistemas, visto que, a produção forrageira e a produção animal andam juntas e são responsáveis por grande parte da produção agropecuária ao redor do mundo. O presente trabalho objetiva explanar sobre a ciclagem de nutrientes em pastagens, cujo fenômeno é de extrema importância para a conscientização do correto manejo das pastagens e consequentemente da produção sustentável, desde o início do plantio da forrageira, seu crescimento e consumo pelos animais de produção. O correto manejo do pasto pode colaborar significativamente com a redução da degradação do solo ao redor do mundo.

O artigo analisa como Brokeback Mountain (2005), de Ang Lee, e Ataque dos Cães (2021), de Jane Campion, subvertem o imaginário do faroeste, usando o gênero sexual para desestabilizar o gênero cinematográfico. Ao explorar a justaposição do espaço doméstico com a natureza, e qual gênero sexual tradicionalmente pertence a cada um, os dois cineastas recorrem às ferramentas estéticas do melodrama romântico e do drama psicológico para desafiar a rigidez dessas configurações a partir de uma perspectiva queer. Como resultado, os longas desconstroem a masculinidade inerente ao faroeste, com a montanha surgindo como o elemento que traz à tona as implicações queer enterradas na paisagem do gênero.

Abstract Background Patient-ventilator asynchronies are usually detected by visual inspection of ventilator waveforms but with low sensitivity, even when performed by experts in the field. Recently, estimation of the inspiratory muscle pressure (P mus) waveforms through artificial intelligence algorithm has been proposed (Magnamed®, São Paulo, Brazil). We hypothesized that the display of these waveforms could help healthcare providers identify patient-ventilator asynchronies. Methods A prospective single-center randomized study with parallel assignment was conducted to assess whether the display of the estimated Pmus waveform would improve the correct identification of asynchronies in simulated clinical scenarios. The primary outcome was the mean asynchrony detection rate (sensitivity). Physicians and respiratory therapists who work in intensive care units were randomized to control or intervention group. In both groups, participants analyzed pressure and flow waveforms of 49 different scenarios elaborated using the ASL-5000 lung simulator. In the intervention group the estimated P mus waveform was displayed in addition to pressure and flow waveforms. Results A total of 98 participants were included, 49 per group. The sensitivity per participant in identifying asynchronies was significantly higher in the P mus group (65.8 ± 16.2 vs. 52.94 ± 8.42, p

Abstract Bacterial and viral infections are serious public health issue. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antiviral potential of the Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) crude hydroalcoholic extract, fractions, and isolated compounds, as well as their in vivo toxicity. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and the antibiofilm activity by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50). The viable bacteria count (Log10 UFC/mL) was also obtained. The antiviral assays were performed by infecting BHK-21 cells with Chikungunya (CHIKV) nanoluc. The toxicity of the BRP was evaluated in the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. The MIC values for the crude hydroalcoholic extract sample ranged from 3.12 to 100 μg/mL, while fractions and isolated compounds the MIC values ranged from 1.56 to 400 μg/mL.The BRP crude hydroalcoholic extract, oblongifolin B, and gutiferone E presented MICB50 values ranging from 1.56 to 100 μg/mL against monospecies and multispecies biofilms. Neovestitol and vestitol inhibited CHIKV infection by 93.5 and 96.7%, respectively. The tests to evaluate toxicity in C. elegans demonstrated that the BRP was not toxic below the concentrations 750 μg/mL. The results constitute an alternative approach for treating various infectious diseases.

Introdução: A Profilaxia Pré-Exposição (PrEP) é uma das vertentes da Prevenção Combinada à infecção pelo HIV. É composta por uma associação de dois medicamentos (fumarato de tenofovir e emtricitabina) em um comprimido único a ser ingerido diariamente. Destaca-se, como público-alvo para o uso da PrEP as chamadas “populações-chave”: homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH), profissionais do sexo e mulheres trans e travesti. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e uso da PrEP entre populações-chave. Metodologia: Tratou-se de estudo transversal e quantitativo, com coleta dos dados realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado e de caráter sigiloso. Resultados: Foram obtidas 59 respostas válidas. Em relação ao uso da PrEP, 93,2% nunca fizeram uso desta e 50,8% relatam saber suas indicações; os que tomam a medicação relataram fazer ingestão diária e no mesmo horário. Nota-se que o uso de preservativos permanece sendo o método de prevenção contra o HIV mais utilizado pelos grupos avaliados; já em relação à PrEP, verificou-se um acesso desigual em meio às populações-chave. Conclusão: Há uma lacuna na estratégia de Prevenção Combinada que deve ser preenchida por meio de políticas públicas que, de fato, promovam uma educação em saúde de forma mais efetiva.

Abstract The Caatinga is the largest seasonal dry tropical forest in South America and it has been historically neglected in terms of its biodiversity. Regarding lizards, different studies led to the current knowledge of diversity and endemism in Caatinga, but detailed syntheses are scarce in the literature. We present the most detailed and up-to-date synthesis of knowledge about Caatinga lizards by providing a detailed (i) list of species; (ii) taxonomic richness patterns; (iii) knowledge gaps and spatial biases; and (iv) detailed distribution maps of all species that contain at least one occurrence record within Caatinga limits. We created a distribution database using occurrences of lizards in Caatinga based on scientific collections, field collection, and literature. We produce up-to-date distribution maps, calculate the Extent of Occurrence and provide the environmental and bioclimatic profile for each species recorded. We draw taxonomic richness and sampling gap maps. Our database has 20,538 records of occurrence of lizards of the Caatinga. We recorded 93 lizard species (13 families), 52.7% of which are endemic. Forthy-four percent of the species present restricted distributions. We identified that 53% of the Caatinga area (or 70% of the municipalities) has no record of occurrence of lizards. The data presented are an important step towards synthesizing in detail the accumulated knowledge about Caatinga lizards and is crucial for accurate strategies for the conservation planning. It directs actions to advance our knowledge on Caatinga lizards: to concentrate inventories in sample void areas; continuous update of the species occurrence database, advance in the generation of autoecology data for species.

Many fields of research relevant to climate-change-related policy are grounded in geological sciences – far more than is generally recognised by the public or policy makers. These fields include management of marine environments, urban development, groundwater, landslide risk, understanding the geochemistry of soils and water, and securing raw materials. Through the concerted collaborative efforts, over many years, of EuroGeoSurveys – the Geological Surveys of Europe – national datasets bearing on these and other areas have been harmonised at European scale and delivered through an online digital platform, the European Geological Data Infrastructure. This vast store of baseline data, information, and knowledge is crucial for informed pan-European decision making and is considered the core of a future Geological Service for Europe.

Pensar em um cinema queer é refletir sobre como o audiovisual, com suas estratégias estético-narrativas, pode contribuir para uma proposta antinormativa de gênero e sexualidade. A partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, centrada em pesquisadores/as do sul global que, numa perspectiva decolonial, têm deglutido e reconfigurado os estudos queer para seus contextos específicos, este artigo investiga a noção de que uma série de filmes contemporâneos tem concretizado esse propósito com a encenação de um ato de criação queer (Silva, 2021), tentando identificá-lo no cinema brasileiro atual. Para isso, a análise elabora um diálogo entre as provocações desses/as teóricos/as, com o intuito de tensionar em que medida pode-se enxergar o a produção nacional como um ato de criação ela mesma, capaz de fabular narrativas de gênero e sexualidade – e, com isso, melhor compreender a ideia de um “cinema queer” no Brasil.

Security is one of the main challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices are mainly powered by low-cost microcontrollers (MCUs) that typically lack basic hardware security mechanisms to separate security-critical applications from less critical components. Recently, Arm has started to release Cortex-M MCUs enhanced with TrustZone technology (i.e., TrustZone-M), a system-wide security solution aiming at providing robust protection for IoT devices. Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) relying on TrustZone hardware have been perceived as safe havens for securing mobile devices. However, for the past few years, considerable effort has gone into unveiling hundreds of vulnerabilities and proposing a collection of relevant defense techniques to address several issues. While new TEE solutions built on TrustZone-M start flourishing, the lessons gathered from the research community appear to be falling short, as these new systems are trapping into the same pitfalls of the past. In this paper, we present uTango, the first multi-world TEE for modern IoT devices. uTango proposes a novel architecture aiming at tackling the major architectural deficiencies currently affecting TrustZone(-M)-assisted TEEs. In particular, we leverage the very same TrustZone hardware primitives used by dual-world implementations to create multiple and equally secure execution environments within the normal world. We demonstrate the benefits of uTango by conducting an extensive evaluation on a real TrustZone-M hardware platform, i.e., Arm Musca-B1. uTango will be open-sourced and freely available on GitHub in hopes of engaging academia and industry on securing the foreseeable trillion IoT devices.

O banco de sementes do solo pode ser definido como o estoque de sementes presente no solo de uma determinada localidade. Apesar do crescimento de estudos sobre o tema nos últimos anos, poucos foram direcionados para o entendimento do banco de sementes em áreas invadidas por plantas exóticas. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o banco de sementes de ambientes com condições biológicas distintas no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana (PARNASI), SE. O estudo foi desenvolvido em dois ambientes no PARNASI: (i) Ambiente não invadido (ANI) - fragmento de Mata Atlântica em fase intermediária de sucessão ecológica, sem a presença de espécies não nativas; (ii) Ambiente invadido (AI) - ambiente com dominância de espécies não nativas. Foram coletadas 15 amostras de solo em cada ambiente estudado. A avaliação do banco de sementes foi realizada por meio da contabilização de plântulas emergidas. Para cada espécie foram calculados índices fitossociológicos usuais. Também foram realizadas análises estatísticas para comparar os resultados entre os ambientes. Foram amostrados 85 indivíduos pertencentes a 13 espécies no ANI e 409 indivíduos pertencentes a 30 espécies no AI. A composição de espécies, a estrutura e a diversidade foram diferentes nos ambientes estudados. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo sugerem que o ambiente invadido avaliado não compromete a formação do banco de sementes, mas inviabiliza o recrutamento das espécies nativas.

BACKGROUND: Candida spp and Malassezia spp cause superficial infections that may be resistant to conventional treatments. Violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) therapy is a therapeutic alternative. PURPOSE: To describe the protocol for evaluating the antifungal effect of violet LEDs 410 nm ± 10 nm on Candida spp and Malassezia spp in vitro. PROTOCOL: LEDs 410 nm ± 10 nm are applied to a fungal suspension at fluences of 61.13 J/cm2, 91.70 J/cm2, and 183.39 J/cm2. The isolates are cultured for 48 to 72 hours. Colony forming units (CFUs) are quantified by visual counting and percent culture plate occupancy by digital analysis. Morphology is assessed by light microscopy and Gram staining, and yeast metabolism/function by transmission electron microscopy, assessment of reactive oxygen species, and DNA fragmentation. DATA ANALYSIS: the percentage of LEDs inhibition is calculated considering the growth of the negative control condition and the percentage of plate occupancy by yeasts by dividing the number of pixels classified as colonies by the total number of pixels on the plate. The morphological and functional aspects are described for the intervention and negative control. The ANOVA test is used to compare the mean percentages of growth inhibition and plate occupancy between the three fluences of LEDs 410 nm ± 10 nm and the negative control. ESTIMATED RESULTS: We intend to determine the antifungal effect of the different fluences of LEDs 410 nm ± 10 nm on Candida spp and Malassezia spp. The evaluation of other fungal species by this protocol should be investigated.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the Alphavirus genus and is responsible for significant outbreaks worldwide. Currently, there is no approved antiviral therapy against CHIKV. Bioactive peptides have great potential for new drug development. Here, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the synthetic peptide GA-Hecate and its analogs PSSct1905 and PSSct1910 against CHIKV infection. Initial screening showed that all three peptides inhibited the CHIKV replication cycle in baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21) and human hepatocarcinoma epithelial cells (Huh-7). GA-Hecate and its analog PSSct1905 were the most active, demonstrating suppression of viral infection by more than 91%. The analog PSSct1905 exhibited a protective effect in cells against CHIKV infection. We also observed that the analogs PSSct1905 and PSSct1910 affected CHIKV entry into both cell lines, inhibiting viral attachment and internalization. Finally, all tested compounds presented antiviral activity on the post-entry steps of CHIKV infection in all cells evaluated. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of the peptide GA-Hecate and its analogs as novel anti-CHIKV compounds targeting different stages of the viral replication cycle, warranting the development of GA-Hecate-based compounds with broad antiviral activity.

The newly identified Coronavirus pneumonia, later called COVID-19, is highly transmissible and pathogenic. The most common symptoms of this disease are dry cough, sore throat, and fever. Symptoms can progress to a severe form of pneumonia with critical complications, including septic shock, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure. A major obstacle in controlling the spread of this disease is the inefficiency and scarcity of medical tests. Increasing efforts have been made to develop deep learning (DL) methods to diagnose COVID-19 based on tomography images. These computer-aided diagnostic systems can assist in the early detection of abnormalities in COVID-19 and facilitate the monitoring of disease progression, potentially reducing mortality rates. In this study, we compared the popular resource extraction structures based on deep learning for the automatic classification of COVID-19. To obtain a more precise method, which is an essential learning component, a set of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) was chosen to train our model. The performance of the proposed method was validated using a COVID-19 dataset with computed tomography (CT) images. This dataset is available to the public and contains hundreds of positive CT scans for the disease. DL methods were performed and the best classified CNN was able to achieve excellent diagnostic results for COVID-19.

The orders Neuroptera and Raphidioptera include the species of insects known as lacewings and snakeflies, respectively. In Portugal, these groups account for over 100 species, some of which are very difficult to identify by morphological analysis. This work is the first to sample and DNA sequence lacewings and snakeflies of Portugal. A reference collection was built with captured specimens that were identified morphologically. DNA barcode sequences of 658 bp were obtained from 243 specimens of 54 species. The results showed that most species can be successfully identified through DNA barcoding, with the exception of seven species of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera). Additionally, the first published distribution data are presented for Portugal for the neuropterans Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845) and Myrmecaelurus (Myrmecaelurus) trigrammus (Pallas, 1771).

Este artigo propõe analisar os acontecimentos relacionados a necessidade de revisitar a receita de um bolinho crocante conhecido em uma região do estado do Piauí com mirrado. A demanda por fazê-lo surgiu em razão de uma antiga amiga da minha família, que estava distante há muitos anos, manifestar a vontade de voltar a sentir o sabor dele, pois era algo bastante significativo das suas lembranças de adolescência. O evento proporcionou um encontro intergeracional de algumas mulheres da família, com o propósito de retomar um saber-fazer que a passagem do tempo havia deslocado para o plano das incertezas. As observações e narrativas aqui apresentadas são utilizadas como dados etnográficos que colocam em evidência como vínculos familiares lidam com processos de transformações que atingem práticas culturais e, por consequência, afetam a memória social.

Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects a wide range of warm-blooded host species. Neotropical primates (New World Primates; NWP) are highly susceptible, developing a lethal acute systemic disease. Toxoplasmosis in free-ranging NWP is poorly described, with only a few studies based on serosurveys. Herein we performed a retrospective study focusing on the epidemiology and pathology of toxoplasmosis among 1,001 free-ranging marmoset (Callithrix spp.) deaths from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study included marmosets necropsied at the Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman (IJV) from January 2017 to July 2019, which were found dead from all regions in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to better characterize toxoplasmosis in this free-ranging population. All samples were also tested for Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) RT-qPCR by the official diagnostic service. A total of 1,001 free-ranging marmosets were included in this study, with 16 (1.6%) cases of lethal Toxoplasma gondii infections identified both as individual cases and in outbreaks. Presence of infection was not associated with sex, age, geographical distribution, or year of death, and no co-infection with YFV was observed. The main pathological feature in these cases was random necrotizing hepatitis with detection of intralesional T. gondii zoites in all infected cases. Interstitial pneumonia rich in alveolar foamy macrophages and fibrin deposition, necrotizing myocarditis and necrotizing splenitis were also pathological features in affected marmosets. Therefore, toxoplasmosis was considered the cause of death in 1.6% of free-ranging marmosets in this retrospective series, including some cases associated with outbreaks. Necrotizing random hepatitis was a consistent pathological finding in affected cases and sampling of liver should be ensured from Callitrichid post mortem cases.

Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the etiologic agent of Chikungunya fever, a globally spreading mosquito-borne disease. There is no approved antiviral or vaccine against CHIKV, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapies. In this context, snake venom proteins have demonstrated antiviral activity against several viruses, including arboviruses which are relevant to public health. In particular, the phospholipase A2CB (PLA2CB), a protein isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus was previously shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. In this study, we investigated the multiple effects of PLA2CB on the CHIKV replicative cycle in BHK-21 cells using CHIKV-nanoluc, a marker virus carrying nanoluciferase reporter. The results demonstrated that PLA2CB possess a strong anti-CHIKV activity with a selectivity index of 128. We identified that PLA2CB treatment protected cells against CHIKV infection, strongly impairing virus entry by reducing adsorption and post-attachment stages. Moreover, PLA2CB presented a modest yet significant activity towards post-entry stages of CHIKV replicative cycle. Molecular docking calculations indicated that PLA2CB may interact with CHIKV glycoproteins, mainly with E1 through hydrophobic interactions. In addition, infrared spectroscopy measurements indicated interactions of PLA2CB and CHIKV glycoproteins, corroborating with data from in silico analyses. Collectively, this data demonstrated the multiple antiviral effects of PLA2CB on the CHIKV replicative cycle, and suggest that PLA2CB interacts with CHIKV glycoproteins and that this interaction blocks binding of CHIKV virions to the host cells.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are important disease-causing agents worldwide. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines approved to treat these viruses. However, peptides have shown great potential for new drug development. A recent study described (p-BthTX-I)2K [(KKYRYHLKPF)2K], a peptide derived from the Bothropstoxin-I toxin in the venom of the Bothrops jararacussu snake, showed antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we assessed the activity of this peptide against CHIKV and ZIKV and its antiviral action in the different stages of the viral replication cycle in vitro. We observed that (p-BthTX-I)2K impaired CHIKV infection by interfering with the early steps of the viral replication cycle, reducing CHIKV entry into BHK-21 cells specifically by reducing both the attachment and internalization steps. (p-BthTX-I)2K also inhibited the ZIKV replicative cycle in Vero cells. The peptide protected the cells against ZIKV infection and decreased the levels of the viral RNA and the NS3 protein of this virus at viral post-entry steps. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of the (p-BthTX-I)2K peptide to be a novel broad-spectrum antiviral candidate that targets different steps of the replication cycle of both CHIKV and ZIKV.

Abstract Background Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal bone tumor. Although it is a common tumor in the appendicular skeleton of dogs and cats, it is rarely reported in birds. Retroviruses are usually associated with solid tumor development in different avian species. Case presentation: This report aims to describe a case of osteosarcoma associated with the avian leukosis virus in a captive bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata). A captive adult female bare-faced curassow presented with lameness, hyporexia, and a non-ulcerative and firm tumor in the right femur. The bird was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Histopathology revealed an infiltrative mesenchymal neoplasm consisting of spindle cells with moderate cell pleomorphism, organized in bundles and interspersed by marked deposition of the osteoid matrix, which was compatible with osteosarcoma affecting both femur and tibiotarsus, with renal metastasis. Immunohistochemistry of the primary and metastatic tumor demonstrated vimentin expression by neoplastic cells. Samples of the neoplasm, bone marrow, and spleen were processed for PCR, which enabled the demonstration of proviral avian leukosis virus (ALV) DNA. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an osteosarcoma in a bare-faced curassow with an unusual polyostotic manifestation and associated with ALV infection.

Biological invasions are considered one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. In addition, they cause substantial economic impacts. However, studies about the subject in Brazil are still scarce. The aim of the present study was to prepare an inventory of non-native flora with invasive potential from Sergipe, Brazil. The inventory was carried out along the entire length of the sites. The species with potential invaders were grouped according to the biome/ecosystem and classified according to their habit and origin. Eighty-five species with invasive potential were sampled, 43 in the Caatinga, 75 in the Atlantic Forest, 36 in Sandbank and 22 in Mangrove. From these species, 17 were inventoried in all the biomes/ecosystems and 36 were observed in only one of them, six in the Caatinga, 27 in the Atlantic Forest and three in Sandbank. The number of potentially-invasive species sampled in Sergipe is alarming. The present study showed nearly twice the species listed by other authors for the entire northeast Brazil. This high number of taxa may be a consequence of facilitating the transfer of these species and the conservation conditions of the ecosystems studied in Sergipe. Another very worrying factor is that many of the species sampled are extremely aggressive and cause a series of impacts.

O processo de invasão biológica ocorre quando uma espécie exótica é introduzida em um ecossistema ao qual não pertence, se adapta e passa a provocar mudanças no mesmo, passando a se chamar de espécie exótica invasora. Os impactos causados pelas espécies exóticas invasoras (aquelas que causam as invasões biológicas), já foram apontados e discutidos em diversos estudos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi de avaliar a sociabilidade de espécies da Mata Atlântica com a exótica invasora Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs, buscando nortear programas de controle e recuperação de áreas invadidas pelo táxon. Foram plotadas 20 parcelas de 1m² cada, em sítios com a ocorrência de M. maximus. Todos as espécies de porte herbáceo-arbustivo foram contabilizadas e os valores foram utilizados para o cálculo do índice de associação (IA). A média de indíviduos de M. maximus por parcela foi de 8,4±5,38. Ao todo foram amostrados 350 indivíduos de 26 espécies, 26 genêros e 20 familias associadas a exótica invasora estudada. Dentre essas espécies, Cyperus laxus Lam., Centratherum punctatum Cass., Dioscorea glandulosa (Griseb.) Kunth, Ertela trifolia (L.) Kuntze, Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Lantana camara L., Pavonia cancellata (L.) Cav., Spigelia anthelmia L. e Sida cordifolia L. apresentam atributos que as tornam promissoras para a recuperação de ambientes invadidos por M. maximus.

Este artigo avalia a hipótese da guerra cultural a partir de uma reflexão sobre as lutas organizadas e mobilizadas em fluxos ativistas indígenas no Brasil. As relações entre afetos, como modos de engajamento identitário, e territorialidades são convocadas no desafio político e analítico de compreender a chamada guerra cultural enquanto um conjunto complexo, assimétrico e instável de conflitos capaz de gerar mudança cultural e transformação social. Ensaiamos um movimento de contextualização radical, como prática analítica dos estudos culturais, sobre fluxos ativistas em torno das hashtags #DiaDaLutaIndígena e #MêsDaLutaIndígena do ano de 2021. Palavras-chave: Guerra cultural; fluxos ativistas; #MêsDaLutaIndígena.

In this article, an unsupervised learning method is presented with the objective of modeling, in real-time, the main operating modes (OM) of distribution transformers. This model is then used to assess the operational condition through use of two tools: the operation map and the health index. This approach allows, mainly, for a reduction in the need for the interpretation of results by specialists. The method used the concepts of k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering to identify and update the main OMs and characterize these through operating mode clusters (OMC). The evaluation of the method was performed using data from a case study of almost one year in duration, along with five in-service distribution transformers. The model was able to synthesize 11 magnitudes measured directly in the transformer into two latent variables using the principal component analysis technique, while preserving on average more than 86% of the information present. The operation map was able to categorize the transformer operation into previously parameterized levels (appropriate, precarious, critical) with errors below 0.26 of standard deviation. In addition, the health index opened the possibility of identifying and quantifying the main abnormal variations in the operating pattern of the transformers.

ABSTRACT Description of a patient with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy submitted to a corneal transplant, performed by Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, which evolved with sudden, paroxysmal pain in the frontotemporal region, postoperatively. Due to the ophthalmologic picture of the patient, the attending physician believed in possible rejection of the graft, neglecting the complaint of pain. Even after a successful second transplant, performed due to primary failure, disabling pain persisted and the physician did not manage it. After years of investigation, consulting with several specialists, it was concluded the patient presented trigeminal neuralgia that had not been treated since the surgical procedure. In addition, it led to several psychosocial consequences. Therefore, it is essential to be aware trigeminal neuralgia is a possible outcome of corneal transplantation, and its symptoms should not be neglected by the attending physician, thus contributing to better management for transplanted patients.

Este artigo é uma leitura psicodramática sobre um trabalho que buscava, por meio do desenvolvimento do papel de profissional voluntário. estimular a coesão da equipe de profissionais a fim de garantir o comprometimento e a co-supervisão do papel profissional. Dessa forma, favorecer as trocas, o co-aprendizado e a motivação dos voluntários no desempenho dos trabalhos. Desenvolveu-se em uma ONG de atendimento à população carente, com um grupo de oito profissionais voluntários vinculados ao serviço de psicologia. Durante o trabalho pôde-se observar que a relação profissional entre os envolvidos cresceu, e estes demosntraram interesse e participação mútua. Também foram observados o comprometimento dos participantes e o aumento no número de projetos e atendimanetos desenvolvidos na instituição.

Neste texto são apresentados alguns traços acerca do trabalho de grupos teatrais que diz respeito a interferência do ator nos processos de autoria da encenação e do texto. Os depoimentos dos grupos estudados embasam os primeiros esboços de delimitação de três noções contemporâneas acerca do trabalho do ator: “ator-criador”, “ator-autor” e “ator- encenador”, percebendo suas características centrais, além de zonas de contato e distinções entre estas denominações. Buscando noções-chave para entendimento dos papéis de ator em processos de autorias compartilhadas (“processo coletivo” e “processo colaborativo”), desenvolvo 2005 um mapeamento dos grupos que desenvolvem processos criativos que enfatizam uma interferência direta do ator na criação textual.

A taxa de mortalidade média por infarto agudo do miocárdio do sexo mascu-lino e feminino, respectivamente, é de 108 óbitos a cada 100 mil homens, e 62 mortes a cada 100 mil mulheres. Diante disso, é importante a implementação de novas aborda-gens médicas, que sejam efetivas para a diminuição desses dados estatísticos. Nesse sentido, a telemedicina, em conjunto com os meios de comunicação atuais, mostra-se como uma grande aliada na prevenção dessa cardiopatia, no que tange à prevenção da doença e aos achados clínicos antecipados. Assim, descrevera eficácia da telemedicina no tratamento e prevenção de doenças cardiogênicas através de uma revisão de litera-tura a partir de 22 artigos redigidos em língua inglesa obtidos das bases de dados do PubMed, selecionados utilizando-se os Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS): “mHealth”, “eHealth” e “heart attack”, com critério de data de publicação entre 2014 e 2019. Os resultados foram baseados nas mudanças fisiológicas e na consequente redu-ção da morbimortalidade cardiogênica quando associada à telemedicina, em compara-ção com os cuidados médicos tradicionais. Nesse contexto, vale mencionar que o mé-todo mais eficiente, no que diz respeito às vertentes da telemedicina, foi o envio de men-sagens de texto aos usuários, lembrando-os de se exercitarem, de aderirem às dietas propostas e de cessarem, gradativamente, o uso de tabaco. Tangente a isso, é impor-tante ressaltar que a inserção dessa tecnologia na rotina desses pacientes proporcionou a redução dos níveis de glicemia em jejum, diminuição dos valores de pressão arterial, bem como a normalização do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Em outro viés, o eletro-cardiograma, em consonância com a telemedicina reduz em 20% o tempo de conclusão de talexame, o que aumenta as chances de um diagnóstico antecipado. Logo, diante do exposto, constatou-se que a telemedicina pode ser usada como uma alternativa inova-dora, tanto para o controle da mortalidade de cardiopatas, quanto para o aumento da qualidade de vida da sociedade, visto que também pode prevenir fisiopatologias.

Neste texto apresentamos uma discussão sobre os procedimentos do grupo paulistano Teatro da Vertigem, analisando aspectos como a violência cênica e o sexo explícito como elementos do grotesco. Tais aspectos parecem propor uma forma distinta de recepção das obras do grupo, que frequentemente se apropria de espaços alternativos de representação, buscando grande proximidade entre o público e elementos grotescos.

The lymphocyte classification problem is usually solved by deep learning approaches based on convolutional neural networks with multiple layers. However, these techniques require specific hardware and long training times. This work proposes a lightweight image classification system capable of discriminating between healthy and cancerous lymphocytes of leukemia patients using image processing and feature-based machine learning techniques that require less training time and can run on a standard CPU. The features are composed of statistical, morphological, textural, frequency, and contour features extracted from each image and used to train a set of lightweight algorithms that classify the lymphocytes into malignant or healthy. After the training, these classifiers were combined into an ensemble classifier to improve the results. The proposed method has a lower computational cost than most deep learning approaches in learning time and neural network size. Our results contribute to the leukemia classification system, showing that high performance can be achieved by classifiers trained with a rich set of features. This study extends a previous work by combining simple classifiers into a single ensemble solution. With principal component analysis, it is possible to reduce the number of features used while maintaining a high accuracy.

Soccer players inescapably live under stress during the sportive career, and many real-life aspects of soccer situations operate in the ongoing performance. This study’s main objective was to elaborate the List of Stressors in Professional Indoor and Field Soccer, a self-report instrument designed to measure the impact of 77 soccer situations upon the sport performance. Participants were 138 indoor and field soccer players from the Brazilian Premier League. Each situation was evaluated on a 7-point scale, ranging from the most negative (−3) to the most positive (+3). Data were analyzed according to the players’ perception of the items: distress or eustress and its intensity, and after that, situations perceived as plus −1 and +1 were compared by time in which they were experienced and distributed among five categories established by the literature: Expectations about the Performance, Personal Factors, Competition Aspects, Training Demands, and Relationship with Significant People. Narratives of athletes’ experiences were also used to discuss the results. An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling using Bi-factorial (BI-ESEM) was employed to assess the factor structure. For the total participants, 49 situations were perceived as distress and 28 as eustress. Using the criteria established a priori, the distribution was among the five categories in the remaining 32 situations. Differences in perception between less and more experienced players were found in 11 situations. The results revealed that Brazilian professional soccer players experience various stressful situations. These events are important representations of environmental demands and could predict the performance as they are perceived as eustress or distress. Some of these stressful situations are inherent in sport and others adjacent to the sports system or environment. Coach pressure to win and conflicts with teammates are examples of stressors in-sport, family problems and disputes with press or fans are examples of stressors external to the team, also called peripheral opponents, and showed the relative social influence of significant others in soccer performance. We can conclude that the knowledge of the direction of a given stress situation has important practical implications in preparing athletes and helping them face the performance stressors that are part of soccer daily life.

Chikungunya fever is a disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that is transmitted by the bite of the female of Aedes sp. mosquito. The symptoms include fever, muscle aches, skin rash, and severe joint pains. The disease may develop into a chronic condition and joint pain for months or years. Currently, there is no effective antiviral treatment against CHIKV infection. Treatments based on natural compounds have been widely studied, as many drugs were produced by using natural molecules and their derivatives. Alpha-phellandrene (α-Phe) is a naturally occurring organic compound that is a ligand for ruthenium, forming the organometallic complex [Ru2Cl4(p-cymene)2] (RcP). Organometallic complexes have shown promising as candidate molecules to a new generation of compounds that presented relevant biological properties, however, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the anti-CHIKV activity of these complexes. The present work evaluated the effects of the RcP and its precursors, the hydrate ruthenium(III) chloride salt (RuCl3⋅xH2O) (Ru) and α-Phe, on CHIKV infection in vitro. To this, BHK-21 cells were infected with CHIKV-nanoluciferase (CHIKV-nanoluc), a viral construct harboring the nanoluciferase reporter gene, at the presence or absence of the compounds for 16 h. Cytotoxicity and impact on infectivity were analyzed. The results demonstrated that RcP exhibited a strong therapeutic potential judged by the selective index > 40. Antiviral effects of RcP on different stages of the CHIKV replicative cycle were investigated; the results showed that it affected early stages of virus infection reducing virus replication by 77% at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Further assays demonstrated the virucidal activity of the compound that completely blocked virus infectivity. In silico molecular docking calculations suggested different binding interactions between aromatic rings of RcP and the loop of amino acids of the E2 envelope CHIKV glycoprotein mainly through hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, infrared spectroscopy spectral analysis indicated interactions of RcP with CHIKV glycoproteins. These data suggest that RcP may act on CHIKV particles, disrupting virus entry to the host cells. Therefore, RcP may represent a strong candidate for the development of anti-CHIKV drugs.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a composição, riqueza e diversidade epifítica entre forofíticos específicos no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, SE. Através de dois distintos grupos forófitos (Mangifera indica L. e espécies arbóreas nativas), todas os indivíduos das espécies epifíticas foram contabilizadas e com esses dados foram realizadas as análises estatísticas. No total foram amostrados 491 indivíduos sendo 163 nas mangueiras e 328 nas nativas, A diversidade medida pelo índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’) para o forófitos da espécie Mangifera indica foi de H’ = 1,7 e nas nativas foi de H’ = 2, 27, o valor de equabilidade também foi maior nas nativas (J’ = 0,83) quando comparado com as mangueiras (J’ = 0,71). O teste de permutação ANOSIM demostrou diferenças significativas na composição de espécies epifíticas entre os dois grupos forofíticos, tanto por Jaccard (p ? 0,01), como por Bray-Curtis (p ? 0,01). Tais resultados sugerem que a presença de forófitos não nativos afeta a composição, riqueza e a diversidade de espécies epifíticas.

Objetivo: validar o conteúdo da tecnologia educacional “Saúde do Homem: dicas para uma vida saudável”. Método: trata-se de estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo com juízes especialistas. Aplicou-se um questionário validado que utiliza a escala do tipo Likert. O instrumento avalia três blocos de aspectos: objetivos, estrutura e apresentação, relevância. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para a obtenção do índice de validade de conteúdo. Participaram nove juízes-especialistas. Resultados: o índice de validade de conteúdo por blocos foi de 0,84, 0,73, 0,84. O índice geral foi de 0,78. As sugestões dos juízes contribuíram para a revisão da tecnologia educacional e foram consideradas e incluídas na versão final. Conclusão: validou-se o manual como tecnologia educacional para disseminar informações relevantes para a população masculina e também ser um dispositivo mediador de práticas educativas da equipe multidisciplinar, principalmente para o enfermeiro, podendo contribuir positivamente na qualidade de vida da população do sexo masculino. Descritores: Saúde do Homem. Educação em Saúde. Tecnologia Biomédica. Tecnologia Educacional. Tecnologia em Saúde.

This proposal aims to serve as a tool and assist surgeons in the treatment of thoracic neoplasms during COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on the literature review published so far, in the opinion of individuals specialized in the field of thoracic oncology and not necessarily on evidence-based instructions. We recognize that management strategies are dynamic and must be determined individually, depending on the equipment and tools available for cancer treatment in each institution. In addition, its application will vary according to the severity of COVID-19 in each region.

A seleção de touros pelo exame andrológico visa estimar a capacidade reprodutiva do macho. Touros de origem zebuína apresentam melhor adaptabilidade às altas temperaturas, em relação aos touros de origem taurina, podendo influenciar na temperatura do escroto e na qualidade seminal pelo desequilíbrio da termorregulação testicular. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência das variáveis bioclimáticas e a relação de perfis de termogramas por infravermelho de áreas do corpo e escroto com a qualidade do sêmen fresco e descongelado em touros das raças Nelore e Girolando, mantidos em Central de Inseminação Artificial. Foram utilizados quatro touros Nelore e quatro Girolando, mantidos em piquetes com acesso a água e mistura mineral; e suplementação com concentrado. Termografias infravermelhas do escroto, globo ocular e mufla foram realizadas duas vezes por semana com termovisor Flir E40. Para os termogramas escrotais, as temperaturas do cordão espermático, porção proximal e distal dos testículos e cauda do epidídimo foram analisadas utilizando o software Flir Tools. Foram realizadas colheitas de sêmen com vagina artificial e os ejaculados processados e congelados em nitrogênio líquido e analisados na pós-descongelação. Os dados passaram pelo teste de normalidade e teste Tukey; e na ausência de normalidade pelo teste Kruskall- Wallis. Entre raças, foram observadas diferenças (P < 0,05) nas temperaturas do globo ocular, cordão espermático e porção proximal do escroto. Os touros Nelore apresentaram menor temperatura corpórea e de regiões do escroto, em relação aos touros Girolando. As características seminais variaram entre raças (P < 0,05), a raça Nelore apresentou sêmen de melhor qualidade. Correlações positivas (P < 0,05) foram observadas entre defeitos espermáticos menores e temperaturas da região ventral dos testículos e das caudas dos epidídimos. em touros Girolando. Os touros da raça Nelore sofreram menor influência das variáveis climáticas com menores temperaturas de áreas da superfície da pele examinada por termografia infravermelha, em relação aos touros da raça Girolando. Os touros da raça Nelore apresentaram qualidade do sêmen fresco e descongelado superiores, em relação aos touros da raça Girolando.