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Introduction: The columella is an important subunit of the nose, essential for nasal architecture and facial aesthetics. The total reconstruction of the nasal columella becomes a great challenge after repairing trauma, carcinomas, and necrosis in this region. There are descriptions in the literature of numerous reconstruction techniques using different flaps, such as a frontal region flap, an infraclavicular region flap, and a unilateral and bilateral nasolabial flap. Case Report: A total reconstruction of the nasal columella after resection of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) using a bilateral nasolabial flap is reported. Conclusion: The technique proved effective for correcting the complex defect after BCC resection, with technical ease for resolution and good aesthetic and functional results.

Abstract Background Psychological factors play an important role in the adequate return of an athlete to sport. Our aim was to perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods We performed the translation and cross-cultural adaptation and evaluated the structural validity, construct validity, and test–retest reliability. In addition to the AFAQ, we used the Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale (PCTS), Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain Questionnaire for athletes (SEFIP-sport), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We used the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to analyze the internal structure of the AFAQ. We used the Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho) to determine the magnitude of correlation between the AFAQ and the other instruments. We evaluated the test–retest reliability and internal consistency by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Results No adaptation was necessary to produce the AFAQ version in Brazilian Portuguese. We included 160 participants in the study. We identified the one-dimensionality of the AFAQ through the EFA with the implementation of parallel analysis (KMO = 0.83, p

Introduction: Pulmonary carcinoma is the most prevalent cancer in the world, followed by breast cancer. It has high mortality rates in men and women mainly due to its ability to metastasize. Metastases from lung carcinoma to the breast are extremely rare. The first case described occurred in 1965 and since then there are few cases of this condition reported in the world medical literature. Case report: A 59-year-old woman who complained of low back pain in May 2017. The investigation revealed a metastatic site in the fifth vertebra of the lumbar spine with unknown origin. Six months later, a new lesion was found in the ninth vertebra of the thoracic spine. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for cytokeratin 7 and TTF1 markers, confirming the hypothesis of lung carcinoma as the primary site. In March 2018, the patient evolved with a symptomatic nodule in the right breast on ultrasound and with positivity for TTF1 on immunohistochemical study, confirming the metastasis of lung carcinoma to the breast. Treated for two years until March 2020, when she presented multiple brain metastases. Patient had no therapeutic success and died. Conclusion: The difficulty in diagnosing lung carcinoma metastasis to the breast stands out, surgeons, clinicians and pathologists should consider this diagnosis, although rare.

The resurgence of Mpox, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM), has prompted an analysis of its clinical manifestations and epidemiological patterns, particularly in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This retrospective study aims to delineate and compare the clinical presentations and epidemiological characteristics of Mpox among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. A total of 58 confirmed Mpox cases from a dermatology department in Lisbon were analyzed, focusing on mucocutaneous manifestations, systemic symptoms, and laboratory parameters. Our findings indicate no significant difference in disease severity and presentation between HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups, suggesting that HIV status may not be a determinant of Mpox severity, but rather an indicator of increased sexual risk behaviors, a recognized risk factor for Mpox transmission.

Abstract Background Our objective was to verify the reliability, internal consistency and construct validity of the Barthel Index in Brazilian cancer patients in palliative care. Methods We included patients with cancer, both sexes, and age greater than or equal to 18 years. We used to evaluate patients the Barthel Index, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), and European Organization for Research in the Treatment of Cancer Questionnaire-core 15 (EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL). The measurement properties evaluated in this study were test–retest and inter-rater reliability and construct validity (tested by means of correlations with other instruments). Results We included 220 patients for construct validity and a subsample of 27 patients for reliability analyses. We observed adequate reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.962) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.942). There were adequate correlations between the Barthel Index and the KPS (rho = 0.766), and the functional capacity domain of the EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL (rho = -0.698). Conclusion The Brazilian version of the Barthel Index presents adequate test–retest and inter-rater reliability, acceptable internal consistency, and valid construct for measuring functional independence in cancer patients.

Abstract Drought is the most detrimental abiotic stress to sugarcane production. Nevertheless, transcriptomic analyses remain scarce for field-grown plants. Here we performed comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting sugarcane genotypes, ‘IACSP97-7065’ (drought-sensitive) and ‘IACSP94-2094’ (drought-tolerant) grown in a drought-prone environment. Physiological parameters and expression profiles were analyzed at 42 (May) and 117 (August) days after the last rainfall. The first sampling was done under mild drought (soil water potential of −60 kPa), while the second one was under severe drought (soil water potential of −75 kPa). Microarray analysis revealed a total of 622 differentially expressed genes in both sugarcane genotypes under mild and severe drought stress, uncovering about 250 exclusive transcripts to ‘IACSP94-2094’ involved in oxidoreductase activity, transcriptional regulation, metabolism of amino acids, and translation. Interestingly, the enhanced antioxidant system of ‘IACSP94-2094’ may protect photosystem II from oxidative damage, which partially ensures stable photochemical activity even after 117 days of water shortage. Moreover, the tolerant genotype shows a more extensive set of responsive transcription factors, promoting the fine-tuning of drought-related molecular pathways. These results help elucidate the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of a drought-tolerant sugarcane genotype to cope with ever-changing environments, including prolonged water deficit, and may be useful for plant breeding programs.

Introduction: The nasal alar has always been a major reconstructive diflculty, and in the search for a flap with skin characteristics similar to this one, we came across the inferiorly based nasolabial flap. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the viability of the proposed flap for reconstruction of the nasal alar after removal of skin tumors.Methods: This study analysed twenty cases of inferiorly based nasolabial flap performed with the same surgical technique in the period between 2008-2019 and followed up for one year of postoperative.Results: Of the 20 studied cases, 13 (65%) did not present complications, being the most described: partial defect coverage and partial disappearance of the nasolabial sulcus.Conclusion: The inferiorly based nasolabial flap proved to be a viable flap for nasal alar reconstruction due to the quality of the skin, easy execution, and minimal complication rates.

This paper presents an optimization approach for Micro-cogeneration systems with internal combustion engines integrated into residential grids, addressing power demand failures caused by intermittent renewable energy sources. The proposed method leverages machine learning techniques, control strategies, and grid data to improve system flexibility and efficiency in meeting electricity and domestic hot water demands. Historical residential grid data were analysed to develop a machine learning-based demand prediction model for electricity and hot water. Thermal energy storage was integrated into the Micro-cogeneration system to enhance flexibility. An optimization model was created, considering efficiency, emissions, and cost while adapting to real-time demand changes. A control strategy was designed for the flexible operation of the Micro-cogeneration system, addressing excess thermal energy storage and resource allocation. The proposed solution’s effectiveness was validated through simulations, with results demonstrating the Micro-cogeneration system’s ability to efficiently address high electricity and hot water demand periods while mitigating power demand failures from renewable energy sources. The research presents a novel approach with the potential to significantly improve grid resilience, energy efficiency, and renewable energy integration in residential grids, contributing to more sustainable and reliable energy systems.

Introduction: The increase in demand for post-bariatric plastic surgery has revealed a high prevalence of psychopathologies in patients undergoing the procedure, requiring the need to diagnose these diseases in the preoperative period. The use of specific psychological screening tools has been promoted; however, a gold-standard method has not yet been fully established. Objective: To carry out a review of the literature for alternatives available for the preliminary psychological evaluation of patients who are candidates for post-bariatric plastic surgery, presenting the method recommended in the Post-Bariatric Plastic Surgery outpatient clinic of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). Methods: We reviewed the clinical trials which employed psychological screening tools preoperatively in patients who were candidates for post-bariatric plastic surgery; the MEDLINE/PubMed database was searched using keywords such as “bariatric surgery”, “body image”, “quality of life”, “obesity”, “plastic surgery” and “psychiatry”, for clinical trials published in the last 20 years. Herein, we discuss the findings and analyze the most common methodologies used. Results: Only four clinical trials used psychopathology screening tools in postbariatric plastic surgeries preoperatively, and one method could not be identified. Conclusion: The use of appropriate strategies to screen for psychopathologies helps prevent significant losses in the postoperative period, but the tools still lack validation in the post-bariatric population. Besides possessing extensive clinical-surgical technical knowledge, the plastic surgeon must remain attentive to the signs and psychopathological symptoms in these patients, referring them for psychological and psychiatric evaluation when indicated.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has transformed our understanding of brain function in-vivo. However, the neurovascular coupling mechanisms underlying fMRI are somewhat “distant” from neural activity. Interestingly, evidence from Intrinsic Optical Signals (IOSs) indicates that neural activity is also coupled to (sub)cellular morphological modulations. Diffusion-weighted functional MRI (dfMRI) experiments have been previously proposed to probe such neuromorphological couplings, but the underlying mechanisms have remained highly contested. Here, we provide the first direct link between in vivo ultrafast dfMRI signals upon rat forepaw stimulation and IOSs in acute slices stimulated optogenetically. We reveal a hitherto unreported rapid onset (

Na região do Submédio Vale do São Francisco, o manejo da adubação convencional no cultivo do melão tem destaque, contudo, o uso constante desses fertilizantes tem promovido uma busca por manejos alternativos que busquem reduzir os impactos ambientais e melhorando a produtividade. O uso de biofertilizantes tem sido uma alternativa para produção de muitas culturas, dentre elas o meloeiro, pois este produto tem a capacidade de fornecer nutrientes essenciais às plantas. Logo, este estudo tem com o objetivo avaliar a influencia de diferentes doses de dois biofertilizantes, no crescimento e metabolismo do meloeiro (cv. Gold Mine) ao longo do seu ciclo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 5x3, compreendendo dois tipos de biofertilizantes (Algamare® e Vorax®), combinados em cinco dosagens: (dosagens 1 – água (controle); 2 - 288/40 µl; 3 - 576/80 µl; 4 - 1.152/160 µl; 5 - 2.304/320 µl) e três épocas de avaliação (30, 45 e 60 DAT), com três repetições. Como variáveis de crescimento avaliaram-se: altura da planta, diâmetro do colo, área foliar, número de folhas. As variáveis bioquímicas analisadas foram: teor de clorofila, atividade da enzima nitrato redutase (tecido foliar), açúcares redutores, açúcares solúveis totais, proteínas solúveis totais e prolina. Concluiu-se que a utilização do biofertilizante na cultura do meloeiro promoveu incremento no crescimento e metabolismo da planta, contribuindo com o aumento do número de folhas, do teor de clorofila, área foliar da planta, atividade da enzima nitrato redutase e do aminoácido prolina. Recomenda-se a combinação dos biofertilizantes Algamare® e Vorax® na dosagem de 576/80 µl, respectivamente.

Aims. To characterize hypogonadism in male persons with diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods. 184 consecutive male persons with diabetes were studied. Besides the usual care, total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), FSH, and LH were measured in the last appointment and in 40 patients, also in the next two appointments. Statistical analysis compared groups and explored factors for TT and LH levels. Results. TT levels were stable and highly correlated (r > 0.750, p

This work introduces a compartment-based model for apparent cell body (namely soma) and neurite density imaging (SANDI) using non-invasive diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). The existing conjecture in brain microstructure imaging through DW-MRI presents water diffusion in white (WM) and gray (GM) matter as restricted diffusion in neurites, modelled by infinite cylinders of null radius embedded in the hindered extra-neurite water. The extra-neurite pool in WM corresponds to water in the extra-axonal space, but in GM it combines water in the extra-cellular space with water in soma. While several studies showed that this microstructure model successfully describe DW-MRI data in WM and GM at b ​≤ ​3,000 ​s/mm2 (or 3 ​ms/μm2), it has been also shown to fail in GM at high b values (b≫3,000 ​s/mm2 or 3 ​ms/μm2). Here we hypothesise that the unmodelled soma compartment (i.e. cell body of any brain cell type: from neuroglia to neurons) may be responsible for this failure and propose SANDI as a new model of brain microstructure where soma of any brain cell type is explicitly included. We assess the effects of size and density of soma on the direction-averaged DW-MRI signal at high b values and the regime of validity of the model using numerical simulations and comparison with experimental data from mouse (bmax ​= ​40,000 ​s/mm2, or 40 ​ms/μm2) and human (bmax ​= ​10,000 ​s/mm2, or 10 ​ms/μm2) brain. We show that SANDI defines new contrasts representing complementary information on the brain cyto- and myelo-architecture. Indeed, we show maps from 25 healthy human subjects of MR soma and neurite signal fractions, that remarkably mirror contrasts of histological images of brain cyto- and myelo-architecture. Although still under validation, SANDI might provide new insight into tissue architecture by introducing a new set of biomarkers of potential great value for biomedical applications and pure neuroscience.

Axon caliber plays a crucial role in determining conduction velocity and, consequently, in the timing and synchronization of neural activation. Noninvasive measurement of axon radii could have significant impact on the understanding of healthy and diseased neural processes. Until now, accurate axon radius mapping has eluded in vivo neuroimaging, mainly due to a lack of sensitivity of the MRI signal to micron-sized axons. Here, we show how – when confounding factors such as extra-axonal water and axonal orientation dispersion are eliminated – heavily diffusion-weighted MRI signals become sensitive to axon radii. However, diffusion MRI is only capable of estimating a single metric, the effective radius, representing the entire axon radius distribution within a voxel that emphasizes the larger axons. Our findings, both in rodents and humans, enable noninvasive mapping of critical information on axon radii, as well as resolve the long-standing debate on whether axon radii can be quantified.

A hemiatrofia facial ou síndrome de Parry-Romberg é caracterizada por atrofia progressiva dos tecidos da hemiface, acometendo a pele e o subcutâneo. Suas manifestações clínicas são muito variadas. As estratégias terapêuticas de eleição para o tratamento da síndrome ainda não foram completamente estabelecidas. Os autores descrevem um caso de hemiatrofia facial leve, em que o paciente foi submetido a lipofilling (lipoenxertia autóloga), evoluindo com resultado satisfatório. As alternativas de tratamento, suas vantagens e desvantagens, são amplamente discutidas no estudo, sendo que a lipoenxertia autóloga desponta como excelente opção terapêutica, por sua segurança, baixo custo e reprodutibilidade.

Introdução: As múltiplas abordagens e a utilização de diferentes estratégias cirúrgicas contribuem para a obtenção de resultados mais agradáveis nas ritidoplastias. Nesse cenário, a lipoescultura vem ganhando cada vez mais relevância como alternativa para potencializar esses resultados, agregando maior valor estético final para o procedimento. Objetivos: Avaliar os resultados obtidos em pacientes submetidas à associação de ritidoplastia e lipoescultura facial. Métodos: Quatorze pacientes foram submetidas à ritidoplastia clássica de Pitanguy, associada à lipoescultura em áreas específicas da face, sendo acompanhadas por 12 meses. Os resultados pós-operatórios foram avaliados por 17 voluntários utilizando o método de Antell & Orseck. Resultados: Das 14 pacientes avaliadas, nove (64,2%) tiveram o resultado classificado como excelente, três (21,4%) como moderado e dois (14,2%) como fraco. Nenhuma paciente obteve resultados classificados como perfeito ou ruim. Conclusões: A ritidoplastia associada à lipoescultura da face se valida como alternativa importante para o tratamento do envelhecimento facial, proporcionando a obtenção de resultados agradáveis, seguros e duradouros.

O controle de processo tem grande importância nas plantas de tratamento de minérios. A instrumentação utilizada é incipiente na maior parte das usinas. Isto se deve provavelmente à ausência deste conteúdo no currículo dos cursos técnicos e de graduação na área mineral. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a inclusão do controle de processo utilizando inversores de frequência e a plataforma Arduino, tendo em vista a automação de processo em equipamentos de laboratório de processamento mineral. O uso do inversor de frequência permitiu efetuar controle de processos, tais como: taxa de alimentação, vazão, pressão, força G, frequências, entre outros.

This study aims to demonstrate that the central idea of "rule of law" is per se redundant since there is a necessary and reciprocal predication between terms. It is based on the "State-Law" historical and philosophically founded (Westphalia, Bodin and Hobbes), phenomenologically (Schmitt’s Political Theology) and normatively (Hans Kelsen’s Legal Positivism) based. The rationale on the Sstate leading role suggests that State power must be complete to achieve its goals, which is given by normativity. It is clear that both, State and Law, have the same substance, "Sovereignty", whose implementation coincides with the human agency of cognitive reconfiguration of Politics by religious thought.

Summary: The olfactory environment is first represented by glomerular activity patterns in the olfactory bulb. It remains unclear how these representations intersect with sampling behavior to account for the time required to discriminate odors. Using different chemical classes, we investigate glomerular representations and sniffing behavior during olfactory decision-making. Mice rapidly discriminate odorants and learn to increase sniffing frequency at a fixed latency after trial initiation, independent of odor identity. Relative to the increase in sniffing frequency, monomolecular odorants are discriminated within 10–40 ms, while binary mixtures require an additional 60–70 ms. Intrinsic imaging of glomerular activity in anesthetized and awake mice reveals that Euclidean distance between activity patterns and the time needed for discriminations are anti-correlated. Therefore, the similarity of glomerular patterns and their activation strengths, rather than sampling behavior, define the extent of neuronal processing required for odor discrimination, establishing a neural metric to predict olfactory discrimination time. : Bhattacharjee et al. show that mice require more neuronal processing time to discriminate odors of different similarity, irrespective of sniffing. Sniffing is invariably increased at the onset of the decision-making time window. A metric defines discrimination time as a function of similarity and strength of glomerular activity. Keywords: odor discrimination time, sniffing, olfactory bulb, intrinsic optical signal imaging, Euclidean distance

Cacao is native to the Amazon rainforest and has adapted well to the climate and soils of southern Bahia. The potential expansion of cacao farming to non-traditional areas could generate foreign exchange for the country by reducing imports or even allowing the country to return to the role of cocoa bean exporter. It is known that nitrogen fertilization is essential for cacao cultivation, due to its high demand for this nutrient. Accordingly, the influence of fertilization of two nitrogen sources (urea and calcium nitrate), on total soluble protein (PTN), total soluble sugars (AST), reducing sugars (RA), sucrose, Nitrate Reductase enzyme (NR) activity and chlorophyll indexes of cloned cacao in the Lower São Francisco Valley were investigated. The experimental format was a randomized complete block design, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, the first factor being five cacao clones (PH-16, CCN-51, PS-1319, CCN-10 and TSH-1188), and the second factor, two sources of nitrogen (calcium nitrate and urea), with three replicates. The different nitrogen sources presented different behavior in relation to the physiological characteristics of the clones evaluated. Regardless of the nitrogen source, the nitrate reductase enzyme showed greater levels of translation activity in cacao leaf than in root tissue.

INTRODUCTION: An approach based on multiple anatomical structures and the use of different surgical strategies seems to achieve more lasting results in cervical rejuvenation surgery. Thus, extended cervicoplasty is an option with favorable results and low complication rates. However, little has been published regarding the durability of the results. This study aimed to objectively evaluate the long-term results obtained with extended cervicoplasty in difficult cases. METHODS: Twenty patients, classified as having a "difficult neck," underwent extended cervicoplasty and were followed for 5 years. The results at 1- and 5-year post-operative follow-up were evaluated by eight plastic surgeons, using six objective criteria based on a theoretically ideal neck. The comparison of the results obtained at these time points was performed using a paired Student's t-test, with a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in five of the six items evaluated (p-value ranging from 0.137 to 1.000), in the comparison between the first and fifth postoperative years. Subhyoid depression displayed a significantly better mean score in the fifth evaluation year than that observed in the first year after surgery (p = 0.039): from 5.80 ± 0.25 points (mean ± standard error of the mean) in the first year, to 6.45 ± 0.30 points in the fifth postoperative year. CONCLUSION: Extended cervicoplasty is an important alternative in the treatment of the neck region, and even provides lasting results in difficult cases.

The study hereby proposed aims to show how a skeptical and agonal attitude is an imperative demand on political thinking towards democracy. Departing from the paradigm of several possible political worlds, most theories on democracy reveal themselves as just one of multiple possibilities to configure and reconfigure the ordinary world. Therefore, the skeptic’s legacy on the concept of ‘epoché’accrues an unceasing benevolent debate between theories and Weltanschauungen. This way, some agonal way of thinking causes the inexorability of any judgment in terms of “true/false”, summarizing the absence of a truly political knowledge. The paper discusses how political thought, especially concerning ‘Democracytheories’, must be understood under an unstable axiological reality, which reinforces the fideist approach of any political decision, that is, merely a bet from a circumscribed sovereign power confident on its own potential to provide transition from chaos to order with the consequent normativity.

INTRODUCTION: The search for better alternatives for the treatment of nasal basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been reported by several authors. The complications associated with grafts and skin flaps include the risk of non-integration or necrosis, and the formation of scars that are often large or unaesthetic. In addition, these procedures require longer operative times, which implies the need for a surgical center. The simple removal of nasal BCC, followed by second intention healing and simple postoperative cosmetic care, has reemerged as a valid alternative for the treatment of these tumors. METHODS: In this study, the authors describe their experience with the technique, and report the advantages of the method. All patients submitted to this procedure were followed-up prospectively for a period of 4 years. RESULTS: Of 23 patients, 12 were monitored for 2 years and were included in the study. The surgical procedure was performed without difficulty in an average of 21 minutes (+6). Postoperative evolution was uncomplicated and without tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: This technique is a simple and safe alternative, providing excellent results for the treatment of nasal BCC.

Dendrodendritic synaptic interactions between olfactory bulb mitral and granule cells represent a key neuronal mechanism of odor discrimination. Dendritic release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from granule cells contributes to stimulus-dependent, rapid, and accurate odor discrimination, yet the physiological mechanisms governing this release and its behavioral relevance are unknown. Here, we show that granule cells express the voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit NaV1.2 in clusters distributed throughout the cell surface including dendritic spines. Deletion of NaV1.2 in granule cells abolished spiking and GABA release as well as inhibition of synaptically connected mitral cells (MCs). As a consequence, mice required more time to discriminate highly similar odorant mixtures, while odor discrimination learning remained unaffected. In conclusion, we show that expression of NaV1.2 in granule cells is crucial for physiological dendritic GABA release and rapid discrimination of similar odorants with high accuracy. Hence, our data indicate that neurotransmitter-releasing dendritic spines function just like axon terminals.

Summary:. Generally, the main complications of silicone implantation are local symptoms. However, some patients develop late-onset systemic symptoms often associated with a rare form of hyperactive immune response, as part of a syndrome known as autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). Reported cases of ASIA have shown resolution with explantation, but not with immunomodulatory therapy. In this report, we described a case of a previously healthy 23-year-old woman, who has undergone silicone breast implant augmentation, for aesthetic reasons, and developed localized cutaneous impairment 3 years postsurgery. She received a diagnosis of ASIA with a new presentation: Lupus-like manifestation through localized cutaneous impairment. This patient’s symptoms were managed without the need for surgical intervention, which has not been previously reported, because the patient did not want an explantation for aesthetic reasons. The patient was started on hydroxychloroquine, 400 mg per day, and remains asymptomatic after 2 years of treatment. The exact predisposition to ASIA is still unknown. Without implant explantation and with immunomodulatory treatment, this patient’s condition substantially improved. Based on our current understanding of this disease, it might not be prudent to indicate breast augmentation with silicone implants in patients with documented autoimmune reaction to an adjuvant, an established autoimmune condition, or genetic predisposition. However, if a patient does develop silicone-induced ASIA, explantation is no longer the only successfully reported option, as these symptoms can be managed with immune suppression.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an efficient and sustainable alternative for energy generation compared to non-renewable sources. Currently, during the mechanized harvest process, the straw left in the field can be used in part for the second generation ethanol and increasing the electric energy production. Thus, this study aimed to provide information on the potential for residual biomass cultivars of sugarcane cropping system. This study provides the following information: yield of straw, depending on the calculated leaf area index and the number of tillers per linear meter; primary energy production of several sugarcane genotypes; contribution of dry tops and leaves; biomass yield; and evaluation of fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Preliminary results obtained by researchers of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and reCviews related studies are presented. The results suggest that the production of sugarcane straw content varies according to the cultivars; the greater mass of sugarcane straw is in the top leaves and that the potential for the crude energy production of sugarcane per area unit can be increased using fiber-rich species or species that produce more straw. The straw indexes was shown to be a good indicator and allow the estimation of straw volumes generated in a sugarcane crop. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition in sugarcane is distinct among varieties. Therefore, it is possible to develop distinct biomass materials for energy production and for the development of sugarcane mills using biochemical processes and thermal routes.

The study hereby proposed evidences problematic issues on the thought of Michel Foucault, especially regarding the Law Theory. The arguments deployed reverberate the discussion held between Foucault and Habermas. At first, the paper seeks to highlight aporiae and hypostasis of Foucault's thought tensioned on the problems hereby shown. After the paper denounces flirtations of Foucault's work with the irrationalism and the problems of this intellectual attitude towards the neo-Kantian and Hegelian civilizational demands. Finally, the paper retains to an eventual filiation of Michel Foucault to Post-Modernity and the consequences of this for the legal thought.

The present study addresses the difficulty regarded on the gap between ideal/real on law and religion phenomena, and seeks to understand the motives and reasons for the inability of the western legal framework to deal with problems arising from religious practices. The paper starts from the assumption that mankind is not defined solely through social objects in which manifests itself in compact and concentrated way. There is a transverse dimension on humankind that works in active or latent way in the entire thickness of social reality, which does not fit in the immanence of Law. The transversality of religion and its reverberations in other spheres of human life is bounden to review the issue of deontological nexus that exists in the law. Thus, in this study concluding remarks, the problem of the gap on “Is-Ought problem” prevailing on Law Theory, may be primarily located in the binomial relation “Religion-praxis/Law-techné”.

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of end-to-side nerve repair performed only with fibrin glue containing nerve growth in rats. METHODS: Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups: group A was not submitted to nerve section; group B was submitted to nerve fibular section only. The others groups had the nerve fibular sectioned and then repaired in the lateral surface of an intact tibial nerve, with different procedures: group C: ETS with sutures; group D: ETS with sutures and NGF; group E: ETS with FG only; group F: ETS with FG containing NGF. The motor function was accompanied and the tibial muscle mass, the number and diameter of muscular fibers and regenerated axons were measured. RESULTS: All the analyzed variables did not show any differences among the four operated groups (p>0.05), which were statistically superior to group B (p0.05). CONCLUSION: The end-to-side nerve repair presented the same recovery pattern, independent from the repair used, showing that the addition of nerve growth factor in fibrin glue was not enough for the results potentiating.OBJETIVO: Determinar os efeitos do reparo nervoso término-lateral realizado apenas com cola de fibrina contendo fator de crescimento nervoso em ratos. MÉTODOS: Setenta e dois ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em seis grupos: A - não submetido à secção nervosa; B - secção do nervo fibular (sem reparo); Os outros grupos tiveram o nervo fibular seccionado e então reparado na superfície lateral do nervo tibial intacto, com diferentes procedimentos: C - RNTL com suturas; D - RNTL com suturas e FCN; E - RNTL apenas com CF; F - RNTL com CF contendo FCN. A função motora foi acompanhada e a massa do músculo tibial, o número e o diâmetro das fibras musculares e axônios regenerados foram medidos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre as variáveis avaliadas nos quatro grupos operados (p>0,05), os quais foram superiores ao grupo B (p0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O reparo nervoso término-lateral mostrou o mesmo padrão de recuperação, independente do tipo de reparo utilizado, evidenciando que a adição de fator de crescimento nervoso na cola de fibrina não foi suficiente para a potencialização dos resultados.

INTRODUÇÃO: A cervicoplastia é considerada parte importante na cirurgia do rejuvenescimento facial. Apesar das diversas técnicas já descritas, a busca pelo tratamento ideal ainda persiste. As dificuldades aumentam nos casos considerados complexos, em que a flacidez excessiva de pele e a ptose muscular pronunciada prejudicam a manutenção dos resultados a longo prazo. OBJETIVOS: No intuito de discutir as opções técnicas disponíveis para a cervicoplastia e apresentar a rotina cirúrgica utilizada pelo autor - com ênfase no tratamento ampliado sobre o músculo platisma - é que este estudo foi delineado. MÉTODO: Dezoito pacientes foram submetidos ao round lifting associado à confecção de retalhos musculares de platisma, na linha médio-cervical, e à retirada parcial da gordura subplatismal. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 12 meses e o resultado pós-operatório tardio foi avaliado por cinco cirurgiões plásticos da SBCP. RESULTADOS: Quatro pacientes foram excluídos do estudo por não retornarem para o acompanhamento pós-operatório tardio. Dos 14 pacientes avaliados, 7 (50%) tiveram o resultado classificado como excelente, 5 (35,7%) como moderado e 2 (14,3%) como fraco. Nenhum paciente teve o resultado classificado como perfeito ou ruim. CONCLUSÃO: A cervicoplastia ampliada proporcionou a obtenção de resultados satisfatórios, mesmo em casos difíceis. Acreditamos que a técnica é uma alternativa válida para o cirurgião plástico, podendo contribuir para que obtenhamos um resultado pós-operatório agradável, natural e mantido com o tempo.INTRODUCTION: Cervicoplasty is considered an important part of facial surgery. Despite the various techniques already described, the search for optimal treatment still persists, especially in complex or difficult cases, where the skin excess and the muscular ptosis affect the maintenance of long-term results. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to discuss the technical options available to cervicoplasty and present the routine used by the author - with emphasis on platisma muscle extended treatment. METHOD: Eighteen patients were submitted to "Round Lifting" associated with a platisma muscle flap in cervical mid-line and partial removal of subplatismal fat. The patients were followed for 12 months and late postoperative outcome was evaluated by five of SBCP plastic surgeons. RESULTS: Four patients were excluded for not returning for follow-up. Of the 14 patients evaluated, 7 (50%) patients had an excellent result, 5 (35.7%) patients moderate and 2 (14.3%) weak. No patient had the result classified as perfect or poor. CONCLUSION: The expanded cervicoplasty described here provided great results, even in difficult cases. We believe that the technique is a valid alternative to the plastic surgeon, which can help you obtain a pleasing postoperative result, natural and maintained over time.

PURPOSE: To evaluate axonal regeneration after end-to-side nerve repair with fibrin glue in rats. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group A (n=15), were not submitted to surgery (control group); group B (n=15) were submitted to fibular transection without repair; and group C (n=15), were submitted to fibular transection with end-to-side nerve anastomosis using fibrin glue, in the lateral surface of an intact tibial nerve. The three groups were submitted to walking track (30 and 90 days) and posterior morphometrical analysis (90 days). RESULTS: The functional tests demonstrated that there was no difference in the walking track during the study in group A (p>0.05). The group B had walking pattern impairment in the two tests (p>0.05). The group C had walking pattern impairment in the first test, with important recovery in the second test (pOBJETIVO: Avaliar a regeneração axonal após anastomose nervosa término-lateral (ATL) usando cola de fibrina em ratos. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco ratos Wistar distribuídos em três grupos: os animais do grupo A (n=15) não foram submetidos à secção nervosa (grupo controle); os animais do grupo B (n=15) foram submetidos apenas à secção do nervo fibular, sem posterior anastomose; e os animais do grupo C (n=15) foram submetidos à secção do nervo fibular e à ATL com cola de fibrina no nervo tibial. Posteriormente, os animais foram submetidos a dois testes de marcha (30 e 90 dias) e à análise morfométrica (90 dias). RESULTADOS: A análise estatística dos testes de marcha demonstrou que o grupo A não apresentou alteração no padrão de caminhada durante o estudo (p>0,05). O grupo B apresentou prejuízo motor no primeiro e no segundo teste (p>0,05). O grupo C apresentou um padrão de atrofia no primeiro teste, com recuperação da marcha no segundo teste (p

PURPOSE: To study the repair of bone defect filled with autograft or bovine bone devitalized matrix in rats under anti-inflammatory action. METHODS: Two hundred and forty Wistar rats were distributed to two groups of 120 animals each. A 2mm-diameter defect was created in the femoral diaphysis. Animals of Group I had the bone defect filled with autograft and those of Group II, with bovine bone devitalized matrix. Animals of each group were redistributed to four subgroups according to the intramuscular administration of anti-inflammatory drug or saline solution: A - diclofenac sodium; B - dexamethasone; C - meloxicam; D - saline solution. Evaluation periods were 7, 14 and 30 days. Histological evaluation consisted of quantifying the inflammatory process, the bone neoformation, the collagen formation and the presence of macrophages. RESULTS: Animals of Group I did not show significant difference considering inflammatory reaction. Significant and progressive increase of bone neoformation was observed in both groups. The animals that received meloxicam and autograft showed less collagen formation at 14 and 30 days. The number of macrophages was higher in Group II than in Group I. The animals treated with dexamethasone and saline solution did not show statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Diclofenac sodium and meloxicam delayed bone graft repair and dexamethasone did not interfere in it.OBJETIVO: Estudar o reparo do defeito ósseo preenchido com enxerto ósseo autógeno ou matriz óssea bovina desvitalizada sob ação de antiinflamatórios em ratos. MÉTODOS: 240 ratos Wistar, distribuídos em dois grupos de 120 animais. Confeccionou-se defeito de 2 mm de diâmetro na diáfise femoral. Os animais do Grupo I tiveram o defeito ósseo preenchido com enxerto ósseo autógeno e os do Grupo II com matriz óssea bovina desvitalizada. Cada grupo foi redistribuído em quatro subgrupos segundo a administração intramuscular de antiinflamatório ou solução salina: A - diclofenaco de sódio; B - dexametasona; C - meloxicam; D - solução salina. Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7, 14 e 30 dias. A avaliação histológica constou da quantificação do processo inflamatório, osso neoformado, formação de colágeno e macrófagos. RESULTADOS: Os animais do Grupo I não mostraram diferença significante em relação à reação inflamatória. Observou-se aumento significante e progressivo da neoformação óssea nos Grupos I e II. Os animais que receberam meloxicam e enxerto autógeno mostraram menor aporte de colágeno aos 14 e 30 dias de observação. Os macrófagos apresentaram-se em maior quantidade no Grupo II que no Grupo I. Os animais tratados com dexametasona e solução salina não demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os Grupos I e II. CONCLUSÕES: O diclofenaco de sódio e o meloxicam retardam a reparação do enxerto ósseo. A dexametasona não interfere na reparação do enxerto ósseo.

PURPOSE: Despite the numerous surgical options available today for nipple-areola reconstruction, the results are often unsatisfactory. The present study proposes a simple and efficient method for areola reconstruction that uses a circular local skin flap. METHODS: We prospectively followed five patients that underwent areola reconstruction using a circular local skin flap. A circle, approximately 5 cm in diameter, was marked on the desired area for the new areola. A thin centripetal undermining of 1.5-2 cm was performed, which created a flap with a central pedicle of approximately 1-2 cm. After hemostasis, the thin flap was fixed in its former position with continuous sutures. RESULTS:The mean procedure time was 20 minutes (± 9). The postoperative results were classified as satisfactory by four of the five patients at six months postoperative. Due to superficial undermining, the resulting scar resembled the appearance of the transition from the mammary skin to the areola. Dermopigmentation was only required in one areola. No complications such as dehiscence, necrosis, hematoma, or infection occurred. CONCLUSION: This technique achieved satisfactory results with low morbidity and few complications, and is thus a potentially promising resource for areola reconstruction.OBJETIVO: A reconstrução da aréola tem sofrido muitas inovações. Apesar do grande número de opções cirúrgicas, os resultados são muitas vezes insatisfatórios. Este estudo descreve um procedimento simples e eficiente para a reconstrução da aréola com um retalho circular de pele local. MÉTODOS: Os autores avaliaram prospectivamente cinco pacientes submetidas à reconstrução da aréola no período de 2004 a 2005. A reconstrução da aréola foi baseada em um retalho circular de pele local. A técnica inicia com a marcação de um círculo de aproximadamente cinco centímetros de diâmetro no local da nova aréola. Um descolamento centrípeto superficial de 1,5-2 cm é realizado, criando um retalho com pedículo central de aproximadamente 1-2 cm de diâmetro. Após a hemostasia, o fino retalho é suturado em sua antiga posição, com pontos contínuos. RESULTADOS: O procedimento levou em média 20 minutos (± 9). O resultado pós-operatório foi classificado como satisfatório por quatro das cinco pacientes no sexto mês de pós-operatório. Em virtude do descolamento superficial, o aspecto final da cicatriz simulou a transição entre a pele da mama e a aréola. Dermopigmentação foi necessária em apenas uma aréola. Não ocorreram complicações como deiscência, necrose, hematoma ou infecção. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica descrita apresentou resultados satisfatórios com morbidade reduzida e baixos índices de complicações; tornando-se, no arsenal do Cirurgião Plástico, uma alternativa interessante para a reconstrução da aréola.

This paper aims to draw parallels between the works of Max Weber and Karl Marx, demontrating their acquiescences and objections on Law and State. This study assumes that both authors are, each in their measures, critics of capitalism and the society that forms around its Mode of production. For such, this paper attempts to analyze the similarities, disagreements and parallel discussions between Marx and Weber regarding to outline what would be a so called possible "Weberian Marxism", and how it epistemologically occurs on Legal Sociology.

This paper aims to undo some donnybrook in the interpretation of the work of Hans Kelsen, and to deconstruct the myth of a nonexistent exegete positivism of the Viennese master’s philosophy. Specifi cally, the urgency of a Constitutional Jurisdiction from Kelsenean theory requires philosophical furtherance of large-scale theme and elaborate complexity that constantly are not adequately described or interpreted. Th e constitutional argument of the author derives from his own philosophical constructs, consistent with each other, in which lie his own epistemological frameworks.

OBJECTIVE: To compare sleepiness scores of the Epworth scale in patients with different levels of arterial pressure when undergoing outpatient monitoring within the context of clinical evaluation. METHODS: A total of 157 patients selected for outpatient monitoring of arterial pressure during hypertension evaluation were divided into 3 groups: group 1 - normotensive; group 2 - hypertensive; group 3 - resistant hypertensive. For analysis, values > or = 11 were considered as associated with respiratory disturbances during sleep. RESULTS: Seventeen (10.8%) patients in group 1, 112 (71.3%) in group 2, and 28 (17.8%) in group 3, which was composed of aged, more severely hypertensive individuals, were analyzed. Groups were similar relative to sex and body mass index, but different in relation to systolic and diastolic pressure levels and age. Despite an absolute difference, no statistically significant difference occurred between Epworth scores and in the proportion of patients with values > or = 11 (5.9% vs. 18.8% vs. 212.4%; P=0.37). Despite the positive association between degree of sleepiness measured with the scale and the severity of the hypertension, no statistical significance occurred following control by age (p=0.18). CONCLUSION: A positive correlation exists between degree of sleepiness and hypertension severity. The absence of a statistical significance shown in the present study could be due to a beta type of error. Instruments that render this complaint into an objective finding could help in the pursuit of an investigation of respiratory disturbances during sleep in more severely hypertensive patients, and should therefore be studied better.

A 14-year-old female patient became pregnant 6 years after heart transplantation. The pregnancy evolved uneventfully, and the newborn infant was healthy. Five months after delivery, the mother was in good condition with preserved ventricular function, and the baby had normal neuro-psychomotor development. Even though the case reported here was a success, pregnancy following cardiac transplantation is considered a high-risk condition and remains contraindicated.

This paper is engaged to the study of theoretical dispute between Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt, under the sign of the role of each one of them, respectively, in the legal innovations of the Austrian Constitution of 1918 and the shortcomings of the Weimar Constitution. Still leaning on that paradigm, the paper aims to analyze the main problems arising from interpretations of both pieces of legislation, namely, legality, democratic legitimacy and limits. In the present study we set the problem arising from the uproar that took place between the two jurists about who should be the Guardian of the Constitution. Th e crux of this debate was the prism of analysis of the nature of judicial review, with a revised theory by Austrian Constitutionalism, specifi cally, the fi nal determination of the proceedings which would fi t the power to enforce the Constitution.

A cana-de-açúcar vem sendo muito utilizada como recurso forrageiro na alimentação de ruminantes em todas regiões do Brasil, entretanto, existem poucas informações a respeito da adaptabilidade dos diversos genótipos disponíveis aos ambientes de produção. Com o objetivo de avaliar 7 genótipos de cana-de-açúcar com vistas à alimentação animal, foi desenvolvido um experimento na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Gália (SP). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 3 repetições. Os atributos avaliados foram produtividade de massa fresca (TMH), produtividade de colmos (TCH), produtividade de ponteiros (TPH), proporção de colmos (%C), proporção de ponteiros (%P), índice TPH TCH-1, número de colmos por metro (NCM), altura média dos colmos (A), diâmetro médio dos colmos (D), porcentagem sacarose (PCC), porcentagem de fibra industrial (% F) e índice F PCC-1. Houve diferenças significativas entre os genótipos estudados para todos atributos. Quanto aos atributos de adaptação à região, tonelada de massa fresca por hectare (TMH), tonelada de colmos por hectare (TCH) e número de colmos por metro (NCM), os genótipos IAC86-2480, IAC91-3186, IACSP95-3028 e IAC91-5155 mostraram-se superiores aos demais. Em relação aos atributos que caracterizam adaptação à alimentação de ruminantes, proporção de colmos (%C), proporção de ponteiros (%P), índice TPH TCH-1, porcentagem sacarose (PCC), porcentagem de fibra (% F) e índice F PCC-1 destacaram-se IAC86-2480 e IACSP95-3028. Portanto, dois genótipos apresentaram condições para futuras avaliações como forrageiras na região de Gália.