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Abstract Fordyce's Angiokeratoma (AKF) is a benign type of vascular lesion that affects the male and female external genitalia. Prevalence is unknown and there is no apparent hereditary component. Diagnosis can be suggested by ectoscopy, by the presence of purple, bluish, black or red papules on the vulva, clitoris, scrotum, or penis body or glans. Most patients are asymptomatic. Various methods have been used for treatment, including surgery, electrocoagulation, chemical cauterization, sclerotherapy, and LASER. The effectiveness and complications of these therapies are varied. The purpose of this article is to report the case of a 56-year-old woman with abundant and painful vulvar lesions treated with a 1064 nm Nd:YAG LASER. The 1064 nm Nd:YAG LASER proved to be a viable therapeutic option, with satisfactory results and a low rate of complications.

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e resultados de uma formação continuada de professores de matemática para o estudo e a exploração de tópicos da Geometria Plana com a utilização do GeoGebra Discovery, uma versão experimental do GeoGebra com a qual é possível, devido a um conjunto de Ferramentas de Raciocínio Automático (ART), a verificação de propriedades da Geometria Plana, algumas apontadas na literatura como teoremas. O objetivo dessa formação foi permitir uma reflexão sobre o possível uso educacional das ART para utilização na prática docente. Por meio da promoção de uma oficina didática remota, pela plataforma Teams, esse estudou investigou, com os participantes, possibilidades de criação colaborativa de estratégias pedagógicas para o uso das ART no ensino de Geometria Plana. Empregou-se nessa investigação de cunho qualitativo os pressupostos metodológicos do Design Research para a criação, execução e condução do curso de formação, com a participação de cinco professores, que atuam na Educação Básica ou no Ensino Superior, em instituições brasileiras. Para analisar os dados coletados recorreu-se à teoria TPACK (sigla em inglês para Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge), proposta por Mishra e Koehler. Esse aporte teórico permitiu identificar a quais conhecimentos pedagógico, tecnológico e do conteúdo os participantes recorreram ao longo do curso de formação continuada com a utilização do software, bem como identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas por eles ao longo do curso, a fim de implementarem em suas práticas pedagógicas o GeoGebra Discovery.

BACKGROUND: Extracranial internal carotid aneurysms are extremely rare and usually diagnosed as incidental findings although thromboembolic events or rupture can occur. Historically treated by open surgery, endovascular repair is emerging as an alternative. We present our center’s experience with both approaches. CASE REPORTS: Four internal carotid aneurysm cases are presented: Case 1 – 60-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic 20mm saccular aneurysm of the carotid bifurcation. He underwent arterial reconstruction with a bypass using a 6mm ePTFE graft and reimplantation of the external carotid artery. Case 2 – 61-year-old female presents with an asymptomatic 17mm saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. Aneurismectomy and direct reconstruction through an end-to-end anastomosis was possible due to artery redundancy. Case 3 – 36-year-old patient with a history of Cushing's syndrome due to a secretory adenoma of the pituitary gland presented with an 19mm fusiform aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. After pituitary gland tumor recession, he underwent arterial reconstruction with an inlay saphenous vein bypass. Case 4 – 77-year-old female presents with a 27mm saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. Endovascular aneurysm exclusion using a self-expandable covered stent was performed through a cervical carotid surgical approach. Stent occlusion was observed in the postoperative period but without neurological symptoms. CONCLUSION: Existing data on endovascular treatment’s short- and medium-term outcomes are comparable to surgery, but long-term results are unknown and high rates of technical failure have been associated to artery tortuosity. There are no specific guidelines to guide decision-making and treatment decisions must be individualized according to the morphology and location of the aneurysm and patient's comorbidities.

Abstract Objective The present study compares the analgesic efficacy of two techniques to perform non-surgical reduction: fracture hematoma block and radial nerve supracondylar block. Methods Forty patients with fractures of the distal third of the radius, who required reduction, were selected in a quasi-randomized clinical trial to receive one of the anesthetic techniques. All patients signed the informed consent form, except for those who did not wish to participate in the study, had neurological injury, had contraindication to the procedure in the emergency room, or with contraindication to the use of lidocaine. To measure analgesia, the numerical pain rate scale was used at four different moments: preblock, postblock, during reduction, and after reduction; then three differences were calculated: the first between before and after blocking; the second between during reduction and after blockade; and the third between before blocking and after reduction. Results The fracture hematoma and supracondylar block groups showed the following mean values, respectively: 3.90 (1–10) and 3.50 (-6–10) in difference 1; 4.35 (-5–10) and 5.00 (-3–10) in difference 2; and 4.65 (1–10) and 3.80 (-3–10) in difference 3. Conclusion Both techniques proved to be efficient for analgesia, with mild superiority of hematoma block, but without statistical significance.

Arterial stiffening is associated with adverse cardiovascular patient outcomes; stiffness may also be associated with postsurgical events and has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms. Although open repair of aneurysms decreases aortic stiffness, implantation of a rigid endograft is associated with increased aortic stiffness after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). This review provides an overview of aortic wall physiology and the contemporary understanding of aortic stiffness and its implications for patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Recent data suggests that increased central arterial stiffness, estimated preoperatively using the pulse wave velocity (PWV), may predict aneurysm sac behavior after EVAR, with elevated preoperative PWV associated with less sac shrinkage, and even sac enlargement, after EVAR. With the development of several simple noninvasive methods to measure PWV, such as brachial-ankle PWV and single cuff brachial oscillometry, there may be a role for monitoring ambulatory PWV to predict outcomes after EVAR. Additionally, because aortic stiffness is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and EVAR increases aortic stiffness, assessment of aortic stiffness before aortic interventions may help to guide therapeutic decisions as well as surveillance protocols, leading to optimized patient outcomes.

Este artigo apresenta algumas contribuições da abordagem autobiográfica para a formação inicial de professores. A experiência aqui contatada é a da elaboração e execução da disciplina Estágio Supervisionado I da primeira turma do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal do ABC. Partindo de uma metodologia centrada na vida de professores, os estagiários entraram nas escolas de educação básica com o propósito de entender por que os professores ensinam o que ensinam. Essa experiência foi baseada, sobretudo, nos estudos de Goodson (2020), Bueno, Catani e Sousa (1998) e Nóvoa (1995). O artigo discute como a abordagem das histórias de vida contribuiu para a formação docente e para um melhor conhecimento do cotidiano escolar, principalmente, da prática do professor. A abordagem autobiográfica foi utilizada como caminho metodológico para a realização do estágio supervisionado, entendido como vivência e pesquisa de forma indissociável.

This article aims to analyze how interculturality has been developed as a way of integrating Latin America. Based on the case study methodology, we seek to understand the recent experience of two intercultural programs carried out in these tropics: IberCultura Viva, developed by the Ibero-American General Secretariat (Segib), and Mestizo, developed by the British Council. For this understanding, we adopt here as the main theoretical framework and thread of discussion the studies on hybridization carried out by the anthropologist Canclini (2008). Among the relevant results obtained, we highlight the perception of the diversified common spaces created by both initiatives, which enable much more than mere cultural mixtures; they establish new belongings and contribute to the sociocultural and economic development of the regions and agents involved. Thus, two forms of integration of Latin America are effected – whether between countries in its region, or between a Latin American country and any other country in the world.

Abstract Pain caused by the tumor or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is a disabling symptom in breast cancer survivors. Their mechanisms are unclear, but pro-algesic and inflammatory mediators seem to be involved. Kinins are endogenous algogenic mediators associated with various painful conditions via B1 and B2 receptor activation, including chemotherapy-induced pain and breast cancer proliferation. We investigate the involvement of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors in metastatic breast tumor (4T1 breast cancer cells)-caused pain and in aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole or letrozole) therapy-associated pain. A protocol associating the tumor and antineoplastic therapy was also performed. Kinin receptors’ role was investigated via pharmacological antagonism, receptors protein expression, and kinin levels. Mechanical and cold allodynia and muscle strength were evaluated. AIs and breast tumor increased kinin receptors expression, and tumor also increased kinin levels. AIs caused mechanical allodynia and reduced the muscle strength of mice. Kinin B1 (DALBk) and B2 (Icatibant) receptor antagonists attenuated these effects and reduced breast tumor-induced mechanical and cold allodynia. AIs or paclitaxel enhanced breast tumor-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, while DALBk and Icatibant prevented this increase. Antagonists did not interfere with paclitaxel's cytotoxic action in vitro. Thus, kinin B1 or B2 receptors can be a potential target for treating the pain caused by metastatic breast tumor and their antineoplastic therapy.

Este trabalho possui como tema a relação da expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica sob a influência do mercado e suas correlações com o ensino tecnicista e a desigualdade social. Como problemática destaca-se o questionamento acerca da relação entre o processo de expansão da rede federal, a influência do mercado na adoção de uma política educacional tecnicista e as desigualdades de oportunidades entre estudantes. O objetivo central deste estudo é estabelecer interconexões entre a expansão da Rede Federal de Educação, a influência mercadológica rumo ao ensino puramente tecnicista e a desigualdade de oportunidades. Para tal, empregou-se como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa, básica e exploratória, por intermédio de revisão bibliográfica e documental. Dentre os resultados obtidos, apresenta-se a concepção de que a política expansionista da Rede Federal proporcionou avanços à educação pública, contudo aparenta ter se delineado pautada mais nos interesses mercadológicos do que nas demandas das populações.

Pipelines for fuel transportation range in length from hundreds to thousands of kilometers, with part of their length underground. Due to the high cost of the fluids and products transported an increasing number of criminal activities are taking place all over the world. In addition to causing great economic and environmental losses the illegal activity brings risks to the surrounding population. For example, the accident in Tlahuelilpan, Mexico, due to illegal tapping, resulted in the tragedy of hundreds of deaths. In order to combat such activities, many efforts have been employed to early detect and locate illegal tapping in pipelines. The great challenge of such inspections is the unpredictable activity of the clandestine taps, requiring frequent inspections. Usual pipeline inspection tools, such as ultrasound or MFL (Magnetic Flux Leakage) PIG’s, are sensitive for detecting and positioning the anomalies, however, the high operating costs make the recurring application of such tools unfeasible. Focusing on these challenges, a low-cost inspection tool embedded with a minimalist eddy current instrumentation was developed. The results achieved show the capability to detect and differentiate the components existing in the pipeline and illegal taps of different diameters as well as, in a complementary way, the detection of corrosion on the internal surface of the pipelines.

Há muitos anos a cultura celular bidimensional (2D) é utilizada como modelo de estudo de doenças, possuindo grande importância na medicina regenerativa, apesar de ainda conter limitações significativas. A fim de contornar essas limitações, a cultura celular tridimensional (3D) propõe uma organização mais complexa e sustentável que pode ser produzida a partir de células-tronco adultas (ASCs), células-tronco embrionárias (ESCs) ou células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPSCs). A cultura 3D possibilitou o cultivo de células em um ambiente mais próximo do fisiológico, levando à formação de distintos tecidos órgãos-específicos. Em outras palavras, a cultura de células 3D possibilita a criação de estruturas orgânicas muito semelhantes aos órgãos de um ser humano, tanto estruturalmente, quanto funcionalmente. Desse modo, tem-se o que é chamado de organoides. O uso dos organoides tem crescido exponencialmente em ambientes in vitro, permitindo a análise e observação dos diversos fenômenos fisiológicos existentes. Como exemplo, pode-se citar os organoides cerebrais (“mini-brains”) reproduzidos in vitro buscando delinear as peculiaridades e complexidades do cérebro humano, com o objetivo de compreender algumas disfunções neurológicas que acometem esse sistema, como as duas principais doenças neurodegenerativas: Doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson. Portanto, os organoides cerebrais podem permitir notável avanço da medicina regenerativa aplicada a doenças neurodegenerativas, já que esses “mini-brains” podem ser produzidos a partir de células do próprio paciente. Isso permitirá intervenções personalizadas, como testagens farmacológicas, a fim de definir qual seria o melhor tratamento medicamentoso. Consequentemente, essa tecnologia pode permitir terapias mais eficientes e individualizadas - o que é fundamental para a Medicina Personalizada.

Leishmaniases are neglected diseases with limited therapeutic options. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis can occur in Brazil due to Leishmania amazonensis. This study details the antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of complexes of sodium usnate (SAU) with lanthanide ions ([LnL3 (H2O)x] (Ln = La(III), Nd(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Eu(III) and Sm(III); L = SAU). All lanthanide complexes were highly active and more potent than SAU against L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes (Pro: IC50 < 1.50 μM; Ama: IC50 < 7.52 μM). EuL3·3H2O and NdL3·3H2O were the most selective and effective on intracellular amastigotes, with a selectivity index of approximately 7.0. In silico predictions showed no evidence of mutagenicity, tumorigenicity or irritation for all complexes. Treatment with EuL3·3H2O triggered NO release even at the lowest concentration, indicating NO production as a mechanism of action against the parasite. Incubating promastigotes with the lanthanide complexes, particularly with SmL3·4H2O and GdL3·3H2O, led to a change in the mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating the ability of these complexes to target this essential organelle. The same complexes caused cell death through cell membrane disruption, but their relationship with early or late apoptotic processes remains unclear. Thus, the inclusion of lanthanide ions in SAU improves selectivity with a promising mechanism of action targeting the mitochondria.

There are two main categories of surgical management for lateral TMT joints arthritis: fusion and motion preserving surgeries, which include resection arthroplasty, tendon interpositional arthroplasty and ceramic interpositional arthroplasty. This article reports the first case of interposition arthroplasty of the 5th TMT joint with Dx Reinforcement Matrix®, a porcine dermal extracellular matrix.We present the case of a 22-year-old male who suffered a motorcycle accident which caused closed fractures of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal diaphysis, an articular fracture of the 5th metatarsal base and an impaction fracture of the cuboid distal articular surface. Two years later, he presented pain in the lateral aspect of the midfoot and the radiographs and CT scan showed impaction of the fifth metatarsal base in the cuboid, with post-traumatic arthritis of the 5th TMT joint. An interposition arthroplasty of the 5th TMT joint with a porcine acellular dermal extracellular matrix (Dx Reinforcement Matrix® – Arthrex), was performed. At 3 years follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, had a symmetric mobility comparatively to the contralateral foot and an AOFAS Midfoot scale of 100/100.From a biomechanical point of view, fusion of the lateral TMT joints seems less desirable due to the motion of the lateral column. Motion preserving surgeries have been described, with small case series and equivalent satisfactory results. We presented the case of a young patient with isolated lateral TMT joint arthritis and reported the first case of interposition arthroplasty with Dx Reinforcement Matrix® with a good clinical result at 3 years follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital vascular malformations are entities with a broad spectrum of presentations and variable prognosis. They typically present at a young age and are historically associated with extensive resection surgeries and with high morbidity. This study aims to evaluate the results of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) embolization as a first-line approach in lesions which are not suitable for surgical resection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical records of patients with infiltrative arteriovenous malformations who underwent embolization at our center between 2019 and 2021 was performed. The Schobinger Classification was applied to categorize the clinical stage. Angiographic findings were reported according to the Yakes classification. The decrease in the Schöbinger grade after treatment, the need for reintervention and the associated complications were the main outcomes. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Nine patients undergoing embolization of infiltrative arteriovenous malformations were evaluated, accounting for a total of seventeen interventions. There was a preponderance of females (n=6; 66.7%) and the mean age of referral to the Vascular Surgery consultation and the first treatment was 16.8 (±12.9) and 20.9 (± 14.5) years, respectively. All patients were in stage II (n=4; 44.4%) or III (n=5; 55.6%) of Schöbinger. The angiographic pattern of the AVMs was classified according to the Yakes Classification, which guided the approach. Yakes type IIa was found most frequently (n=6; 55.6%), followed by type IV (n=2; 22.2%) and type IIb (n=1; 1.1%). Patients underwent AVM embolization via transarterial, transvenous or direct nidus puncture with sclerosing agents, liquid embolizers, microparticles and microcoils, separately or in combination. The median number of interventions per patient was 1 (1 – 5) and Yakes type IV appears to be associated with a higher rate of reintervention. Reduction of the Schöbinger stage was achieved in 7 (77.8%) patients with clinical resolution in 3 (33.3%). Tissue necrosis was the only complication reported in this series (n=2; 11,8%). CONCLUSION: The endovascular approach of arteriovenous malformations through nidus and/or afferent/ efferent embolization requires a detailed angiographic characterization but seems to be an effective strategy with a low risk of complications. The Yakes classification, can be useful both in guiding the approach and inpredicting the need for reintervention.

INTRODUCTION: Light induced amaurosis refers to a transient monocular or binocular vision loss triggered by bright lights. Like amaurosis fugax, light induced amaurosis is associated with carotid artery stenosis but they differ from each other in presentation and pathophysiology. It is thought to be an impairment in the regeneration of retinal visual pigments caused by the inability of carotid circulation to sustain the increased metabolic activity occurring when the retina is exposed to bright lights. With this report we aim to present a case of light induced amaurosis and its management. CASE REPORT: We describe a 74-year-old man with the isolated complaint of monocular visual loss from his left eye when exposed to bright lights. These episodes were self-limited and lasted for several minutes. His vision was reportedly good between episodes. He also complained of headache and dizziness. There were no other focal neurological deficits present. The patient had a history of peripheral artery disease, chronic heart failure, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, permanent atrial fibrillation and had a history of heavy smoking in the past. Chronic medical therapy included anticoagulation with rivaroxaban, antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and atorvastatin. Imaging studies (doppler ultrasonography and Computed tomography angiography) revealed a significant morphologic stenosis of the left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery with sub occlusive disease and right internal carotid artery with 70-75% stenosis (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial - NASCET). The vertebral arteries study did not reveal significant morphologic disease. The patient was submitted to left common and internal carotid artery endarterectomy and Dacron patch angioplasty. The visual symptoms progressively improved after surgical treatment. The dizziness and headache were completely gone. CONCLUSION: Light induced amaurosis is a rare and less known symptom associated with severe carotid artery stenosis. Its timely recognition is important to not deprive patients of timely treatment.

INTRODUÇÃO: O fenómeno de nutcracker refere-se à compressão da veia renal esquerda (VRE), habitualmente entre a aorta e a artéria mesentérica superior. Quando sintomático, designa-se síndrome de nutcracker. Os sintomas/sinais estão relacionados com o desenvolvimento de hipertensão venosa renal e o diagnostico depende da conjugação da clínica e alterações laboratoriais na presença de critérios imagiológicos. Habitualmente a indicação terapêutica depende da severidade dos sintomas. Existem várias opções terapêuticas: transposição/ pontagem da VRE para uma implantação mais distal na veia cava inferior, transposição da veia gonadal, auto- transplante renal, e tratamento endovascular. CASO CLÍNICO: Doente de 40 anos, sexo feminino, observada em consulta de cirurgia vascular por varizes pélvicas e vulvares recidivadas. Por suspeita de síndrome de congestão pélvica, realizou estudo complementar com venoTAC que revelou fenómeno de nutcracker com dilatação importante da veia ovárica (VO) e varizes pélvicas. O exame sumário de urina revelou hematúria. Foram ponderadas várias opções de tratamento, tendo sido decidido fazer uma transposição da VO para a veia ilíaca comum (VIC). Através de uma pequena incisão paramediana esquerda (com cerca de 5cm) foi realizada uma abordagem retroperitoneal dos vasos. Procedeu-se à identificação e isolamento da VO (sinalizada com fio guia colocado pela veia femoral comum direita no início do procedimento). Localizada posteriormente à VO, isolou-se a VIC. Procedeu-se à secção transversal da VO e anastomose em termino-lateral da VO à VIC. O tratamento foi complementado com esclerose com espuma de varizes vulvares por via endovascular. A doente teve alta no primeiro dia de pós-operatório. Ao 6o mês de pós- operatório mantem-se sem recidiva das varizes e sem hematúria. DISCUSSÃO: O Síndrome de nutcracker pode implicar uma morbilidade importante, com risco de trombose da VRE e perda da função renal. O melhor tratamento ainda não está definido e a seleção da melhor opção é dificultada pelo reduzido número de casos, ausência de estudos prospetivos randomizados, e pela ausência de follow-up a longo prazo de algumas das opções terapêuticas. A transposição da VRE é o procedimento mais habitual, seguido pelo auto-transplante renal. O nosso serviço tem vasta experiência na transplantação renal e o auto-transplante tem tido bons resultados; no entanto, não deixa de ser uma intervenção complexa, com riscos potenciais não desprezíveis, com uma convalescença prolongada e um impacto estético importante, sobretudo se aferido à idade jovem dos doentes. Corroborado pelo resultado do caso clínico apresentado, os autores consideram que a transposição da VO é uma alternativa terapêutica menos invasiva a ser considerada.

INTRODUCTION: Ectopic kidneys with concomitant aortoiliac aneurysmal disease have been previously reported in the literature, however its exact prevalence is unknown. The objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the treatment this special group of patients. METHODS: A non-systematic literature research was performed on the treatment of aortoiliac aneurysmal disease in patients with ectopic kidneys. RESULTS: Literature on the management of patients with aorto-iliac aneurysms and concomitant ectopic kidneys is limited to case reports and very small series. Treatment modalities which include open, endovascular or hybrid techniques, should preserve the variable vasculature of the ectopic kidney. Several different surgical solutions have been proposed, highlighting the uncertainty on the optimal management strategy. However, a growing number of reports suggest safety and efficacy with adapted endovascular techniques. CONCLUSION: In parallel to the general trend in the management of abdominal aortic aneurysm, it is expected that a growing number of patients will concomitant aorto-iliac aneurysm and ectopic kidneys will be treated with endovascular techniques.

Resumo Contexto Apesar de todo o investimento na profilaxia primária do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) em pacientes cirúrgicos nos últimos anos, ainda não existem diretrizes específicas para aqueles que serão submetidos a procedimentos para tratamento de varizes de membros inferiores. Objetivos Avaliar o perfil de conduta de profilaxia do TEV pelos cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros para procedimentos de tratamento de varizes de membros inferiores. Métodos Pesquisa de levantamento por envio de questionário eletrônico a cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros. Os respondentes foram divididos entre os que realizam tratamento de veias safenas por cirurgia convencional e os que realizam termoablação para fim de comparação entre os grupos. Resultados Entre os 765 respondentes, o tratamento de escolha das veias safenas foi a cirurgia convencional para 405 (53%), espuma ecoguiada para 44 (6%) e termoablação (endolaser ou radiofrequência) para 199 (26%). Os cirurgiões que realizam termoablação prescrevem mais farmacoprofilaxia após o procedimento que aqueles que preferem cirurgia convencional (67/199, 34% vs. 112/405, 28%; p = 0,002). O grupo termoablação estratifica o paciente quanto ao risco de TEV com mais frequência que o grupo cirurgia convencional (102/199, 51% vs. 179/405, 44%; p =0,004). Ambos os grupos usam mais frequentemente enoxaparina como medicação para profilaxia, porém o grupo termoablação usa mais anticoagulantes orais diretos proporcionalmente que o grupo cirurgia convencional (26% vs. 10%, p < 0,001). Conclusões Cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros que fizeram o tratamento de veias safenas por termoablação prescrevem farmacoprofilaxia com maior frequência e por um período mais prolongado do que os que realizaram o tratamento por cirurgia convencional.

Isolated trapezium fractures are rare, accounting for 0.4% of the hand injuries. As these injuries are often imperceptible on plain radiographs, diagnosis in the Emergency Department setting is challenging. Computed tomography scan can be helpful in the diagnosis. The gold standard treatment for trapezium fractures is still debatable. A 54 years-old male patient presented to an Emergency Department following a motorcycle accident. He reported pain and swelling on the radial half of his left non-dominant hand. Radiographs were inconclusive. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an isolated trapezium fracture with a non-displaced small volar fragment. To our best knowledge, this fracture pattern has not been reported before. Conservative treatment resulted in union with excellent thumb function and no complications. This case highlights the importance of a high clinical suspicion, careful history taking, physical examination, and imaging interpretation to avoid missing a trapezium fracture.

In rare cases of ankle fracture dislocation, the posterior tibial muscle tendon can be incarcerated in the tibio-fibular space impeding reduction. We report two cases, a 58-year-old male and a 64-year-old female who sustained a right ankle fracture-dislocation. The patients were submitted to open reduction and internal fixation. In the first case the diagnosis was made during pre-operative planning and suspected according to the fracture pattern. Arthroscopic identification and reduction of the posterior tibial tendon entrapment on the tibio-fibular space was achieved during the first surgery. In the second case, after initial fixation, post-operative radiographs showed a lateral malleolus fixation failure with a bent plate and incomplete reduction of the ankle tibio-fibular space. During revision surgery, during the arthroscopic examination, the tibialis posterior tendon was visualized between the tibia and fibula. The tendon was manipulated into its anatomical position behind the medial malleolus from a medial incision. Two years after surgery, the patient was submitted to arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis due to symptomatic ankle osteoarthritis changes. These cases show that unsatisfactory reduction of an ankle fracture may occur due tibialis posterior interposition, and that successful outcomes depends on early recognition.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze and follow-up patients previously selected by pediatricians at the time of birth who presented altered initial physical examination results to identify the pathological changes in their hips. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 34 newborns (68 hips) out of a total of 1273 live births; these infants were assessed within the first days of life as altered findings were noted in the initial examination by the pediatrician. The results of clinical and ultrasonographic examination performed using the GRAF method and of specific treatments were analyzed. Results: Of the 68 hips in 34 patients, 2 hips in 2 patients required intervention using the Pavlik harness for 8 weeks; a satisfactory treatment outcome was obtained in both cases. Conclusions: Despite the low orthopedic workload in medical courses, it was possible to identify data consistent with the literature, both in the presentation of clinical findings and in those that required treatment, indicating that an initial evaluation of all newborns is mandatory, especially those with risk factors. Level of evidence IV, case series.

INTRODUCTION: In situ lesser saphenous vein (LSV) graft has been advocated in cases of lower limb revascularization where target arteries are confined to the lower leg and the greater saphenous vein (GSV) is neither available nor suitable. This often occurs in diabetic or end-stage renal diseased patients, whose occlusive disease pattern typically affects the tibioperoneal vessels, sparing the femoropopliteal segment. In situ technique offers the potential advantages of decreased surgical trauma to the vein, better size-matching and improved hemodynamics. The posterior approach simplifies the surgical procedure; it achieves similar graft patency and limb salvage rates compared to standard procedures. CASE REPORT: We report a case of an 89 years-old male diabetic patient with previous attempts of endovascular revascularization of the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries; he presents with a nonhealing ulcer of the first toe of the right foot. Ultrasonographic vein mapping revealed varicose GSV in both limbs and a linear, ~3mm diameter, LSV in the right leg. The patient underwent right limb retrogeniculate popliteal to distal posterior tibial artery bypass with in situ LSV through a posterior approach. Post-operative bypass thrombosis occurred after seven days; it was resolved with surgical thrombectomy, vein angioplasty and arteriovenous shunt ligation. During follow-up at the outpatient clinic, the bypass remains patent and skin lesions healing without complications. CONCLUSION: In situ LSV is a safe and viable option conduit for popliteal to distal arteries bypasses. Vascular surgeons should be aware of the posterior approach, which simplifies and comfortably exposes the anatomic structures required for this surgery.

Introduction: The development of aneurysms in iliac arteries excluded from high-pressure direct flow from the aorta is very uncommon. We report a case of successful treatment of bilateral metachronous iliac artery aneurysms (MIA), found 10 years after an aortobifemoral bypass, with perfusion only by retrograde flow from the common femoral arteries (CFA). Case Report: A 76-year-old man came for consultation after incidental finding of bilateral MIAs, 10-years after aorto- bifemoral bypass for treatment of an aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a right internal iliac artery (IIA) aneurysm of 43-mm diameter and a left common iliac artery (CIA) aneurysm of 45-mm diameter that were not present 10-years before. Exclusion of the left CIA aneurysm was achieved with a left IIA to external iliac artery (EIA) endograft using two covered stents (“banana” technique). The right IIA aneurysm was excluded with embolization of the distal internal iliac branches and aneurysm sac with coils and occlusion of the proximal EIA with an occluder. There were no postoperative complications. A CTA two months after surgery showed total exclusion of the left CIA aneurysm and normal filling of the left IIA, as well as complete occlusion of the right IIA aneurysm. Conclusion: This case highlights that aneurysmal degeneration of iliac arteries can be generated by retrograde blood flow after treatment of AAAs with aortobifemoral grafts. An endovascular approach using the “banana” technique proved to be effective in treating MIAs while maintaining patency of one IIA.

Introduction: The risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is significantly increased in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who have developed chronic kidney disease. Pancreas kidney transplantation seems to be a promising option for these patients as it corrects both dysfunctions. The traditional risk factors for PAD are well defined in the general population. However, in patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas kidney transplant (SPKT) its influence is not well characterized. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify possible risk factors that influence the development and progression of PAD in pancreas-kidney transplanted patients and assess the outcomes of PAD on this population. Methods: We made a retrospective observational study of a group of 229 patients with type I diabetes mellitus and end stage renal disease who underwent pancreas-kidney transplantation. Demographic data, years of diabetes prior to transplant, months of dialysis prior to transplant, smoking, antihypertensive drugs intake, statins intake, cerebro- vascular disease, myocardial ischemia, cholesterol levels and serum levels of creatinine, cystatin C, C-reactive protein and albumin were analyzed. Analysis of patients as well as kidney and pancreatic grafts survival was performed. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 27with significance at p < 0.05. Results: Of the total of 216 patients included in the analysis with mean age of 46.01 ± 0.48 years, 32 patients (14,8%) devel- oped symptomatic PAD and 23 patients (10,6%) critical limb ischemia. The major amputation rate in this subgroup was 26,1%. Patients with PAD were characterized by higher levels of LDL-C prior to transplant (p = 0.040), which were associated with a 1.011-fold higher risk of developing the disease. Higher levels of HbA1c 6 months and 3 years after transplant were also present among PAD patients (p = 0.033 and p = 0.022), associated with a respectively 1.512- fold and 1.334-fold higher risk of developing the disease. Patients with PAD had also higher levels of Cystatin C 5 years after transplant (p = 0.015) providing a 2.405-fold higher risk of developing the disease. Additionally, myocardial ischemia was also more prevalent among patients with PAD (p = 0.037) inducing a 3.220-fold higher risk of developing the disease. Survival analysis demonstrated a trend towards lower survival and lower renal graft survival in patients with PAD. Conclusion: Poor metabolic control appears to be associated with the development of symptomatic PAD. Elevated levels of cystatin C were also associated with PAD and this can be an independent marker of progression of disease. Also, this study demonstrated that patients with myocardial ischemia were at higher risk of developing PAD.

Introdução: O kinking da artéria renal pós-transplante é uma complicação rara, geralmente associada à disfunção precoce do enxerto. Métodos: Apresentamos um caso clínico de um kinking da artéria renal pós-transplante com uma apresentação clínica incomum. Foi realizada uma revisão dos registos clínicos com o consentimento do doente. Resultados: Homem de 52 anos com doença renal terminal secundária a nefropatia por IgA foi submetido a transplante renal de doador cadavérico. O doente apresentou boa função renal no pós-operatório, no entanto, após três meses iniciou uma redução gradual da diurese e agravamento da função renal a necessitar de permanecer em "posição de cócoras" 5 horas por dia para manter um débito urinário adequado. Foi realizada uma pontagem entre a artéria ilíaca externa esquerda e a artéria renal do enxerto com veia grande safena autóloga para correção de um kinking da artéria renal com recuperação da função do enxerto. Conclusão: A torção da artéria renal comumente manifestada como disfunção do enxerto renal pode-se apresentar de forma singular. A intervenção precoce é essencial para preservar a viabilidade do enxerto.

Introduction: Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia (CMI) resulting from an impaired blood flow of the splanchnic organs is characterized by an insidious clinical course and is often an underestimated and undertreated disease. The natural history is progressive, caused by atherosclerosis progression in a polymorbidity and aging society. Due to collateralization, diffuse stenotic lesions can remain asymptomatic for a long time and usually manifests when an acute medical or surgical event occurs. In those cases, the clinical suspicion is crucial to reach the diagnosis promptly, allowing to preserve the patients’ quality of life and, above all, the patients’ life. Clinical case 1: A 48-year-old woman with a history of smoking goes to the emergency department for hypogastric abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A study was performed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) that demonstrated occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and significant stenosis of the celiac trunk associated with thickening of small bowel suggestive of ischemia. A thrombectomy of the superior mesenteric artery and retrograde stenting of the artery ostium was performed, followed by extensive enterectomy on 24-hour laparotomy. After hospital discharge, the patient had new abdominal complaints, and stent occlusion was documented in the SMA. She underwent an iliohepatic bypass with good results. Clinical case 2: A 76-year-old man previously submitted to a right axillofemoral and femoropopliteal sequential bypass to treat chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), went to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. The diagnosis of a subocclusive intestinal syndrome was made, having performed a computed tomography (CT) scan where it was observed the Ileum adhered to the cecum, which was thickened; the celiac trunk and SMA had subocclusive stenosis. The patient underwent primary celiac trunk stenting with a balloon-expandable stent. After celiac artery revascularization, a right colectomy was performed with two segmental enterectomies. Conclusion: Mesenteric ischemia is a severe condition that is often underdiagnosed due to the lack of awareness of most physicians and nonspecific symptoms. The vascular intervention aims to prevent intestinal necrosis, which can lead to the patient’s death. Timely diagnosis is therefore essential, and revascularization must be performed before or at the same time as intestinal surgery. The close collaboration between the general and vascular surgery teams is essential to the success of these cases.

Background: The surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal and the implemented public health measures were accompanied with a noticeable decrease in patients’ attendance to the Emergency Department (ED). Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Vascular Surgery ED admissions, by comparing clinical and demographic characteristics of patients visiting the ED during the pandemic and the homologous period of 2019. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients admitted to the ED of a Portuguese tertiary hospital centre between March 4th and April 1st, 2020 — two weeks before and two weeks after the governmental implementation of the state of emergency in our country due to the COVID-19 pandemic — and the homologous period of 2019. Individual medical records were revised to obtain patients demographics and characteristics, clinical severity under the Manchester Triage System (MTS), final diagnosis, need for hospitalization or emergent/urgent surgery, in-hospital length of stay and mortality within 30 days of hospital discharge. Results: A total of 119 and 210 patients visited the Vascular Surgery ED during the pandemic and the homologous period of 2019, respectively. Males comprised the majority of patients in both years and the proportion of women visiting the ED was lower in 2020 compared to 2019 (P=0.015). The MTS attributed a lower number of high-priority levels (yellow and orange) to patients visiting the ED in 2020 (P=0.048). A higher proportion of patients required in-hospital treatment or emergent/ urgent surgery (P

Resumo A síndrome da costela cervical ocorre quando o triângulo intercostoescalênico é ocupado por uma costela cervical, deslocando o plexo braquial e a artéria subclávia anteriormente, o que pode gerar dor e espasmo muscular. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir sobre o diagnóstico da síndrome da costela cervical e as possibilidades de tratamento. Este desafio terapêutico descreve a condução clínica e cirúrgica de uma paciente de 37 anos com obstrução arterial em membro superior causada por costela cervical.

Trata-se de pesquisa associada ao exame dos atuais modelos de operações adotados pelos Exércitos dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) e do Brasil, sob o prisma da Teoria da Guerra. A investigação utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, examinando dois conceitos operativos -“Multi-Domain Battle” (EUA) e o “Operações no Amplo Espectro” (Brasil) - para, na conclusão, inferir acerca do impacto dos respectivos modelos na aplicação do Poder Militar de ambas as nações. O estudo indicou que o conceito norte-americano modela uma forma de lutar que prioriza um possível conflito de viés interestatal, atento ao avanço da China, Rússia, Coreia do Norte e Irã. Indicou, ainda, que o conceito brasileiro combina atitudes ofensivas, defensivas e de cooperação/coordenação com agências, habilitando o enfrentamento de ameaças fluidas à segurança e defesa. Enfim, verificou-se que ambos os conceitos forjam uma forma de lutar própria ao Poder Militar Terrestre de cada país, requerendo capacidades e investimentos específicos.

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Introdução: Os falsos aneurismas da artéria renal são maioritariamente causados por lesões iatrogénicas ou por trauma renal. A incidência destes está a aumentar devido ao incremento do uso de procedimentos minimamente invasivos n o tratamento da patologia renal e, consequente aumento das lesões iatrogénicas. Devido à natureza da parede, estes apresentam um alto risco de rutura e, portanto, devem ser diagnosticados e tratados precocemente. Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência do Departamento de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular do CHUP na abordagem dos falsos aneurismas da artéria renal. Métodos e materiais: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospetiva com recurso aos registos clínicos e imagiológicos de 20 pacientes com diagnóstico de falsos aneurismas da artéria renal entre 2010 a 2018. Resultados: Em 95% dos casos a etiologia foi iatrogénica. Todos os pacientes apresentaram-se sintomáticos, 85% com hematúria macroscópica. O tempo médio entre a lesão e a manifestação clínica foi de 4,5 dias. O tratamento realizado em todos os casos consistiu na embolização da artéria alimentadora. O tempo entre a lesão e o tratamento foi de 18,1 dias. A taxa de salvamento do rim foi de 95%. Discussão/Conclusão: Neste estudo, a principal etiologia e a técnica cirúrgica utilizada estão de acordo com a literatura publicada. Esta taxa de salvamento do rim, reforça que o tratamento endovascular é um método eficaz. Embora não haja referências publicadas na literatura que permitam a comparação, neste estudo observou-se que o tempo entre a lesão e o tratamento foi elevado, o que se traduz num diagnóstico tardio. Neste sentido, a consciencialização dos urologistas em relação a esta complicação é extremamente importante.

Chronic periaortitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis are related entities that develop with periaortic inflammation and deposition of fibroinflammatory tissue in the retroperitoneal space. This pathological fibroinflammatory process may be associated with endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR) as well as the treatment of aortoiliac arterial occlusive disease with stent/stent-graft implantation. We performed a systematic review of the literature in the MEDLINE database of original articles that documented the development of periaortitis after endovascular aortoiliac treatment for occlusive and aneurysmatic arterial disease. We included a total of 12 articles describing 14 cases of this complication. Most of the reported cases are related to the development of periaortitis after EVAR in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The majority of patients are male, with ages ranging from 45 to 78 years. This complication was verified with the use of different devices that included nitinol or stainless-steel stents. In the case of stent-grafts this complication occurred with both polyester and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coverings. The severity of the clinical picture was also highly variable, with some cases presenting with hydronephrosis resulting from urethral obstruction. Treatment with corticotherapy, tamoxifen, or a combination of the two was effective in all cases. Periaortitis is an extremely rare complication of aortoiliac endovascular treatment. Similar to idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, corticosteroid therapy appears to be highly effective and early treatment seems to be essential to avoid complications.

Introdução: A técnica criss-cross combina acesso vascular anterógrado e retrógrado da veia poplítea, de modo a obter recanalização venosa em doentes com trombose venosa profunda (TVP) ileofemoral associada a trombose das veias poplítea e gemelares. Caso clínico: Doente do sexo feminino de 57 anos, com antecedentes de histerectomia radical e linfadenectomia de nódulos linfáticos pélvicos em 2013, devido a neoplasia uterina, com consequente linfedema crónico do membro inferior direito. Admitida na urgência por edema grave do membro inferior direito, com 7 dias de evolução. À observação, a paciente apresentava edema da coxa e perna, cianose da perna, dor gemelar, extremidades quentes e pulsos distais palpáveis. Estudo com ecodoppler a objetivar trombose dos eixos venosos do membro inferior direito. Estudo com TC contrastado excluiu extensão proximal do trombo para a veia ilíaca comum direita ou veia cava; excluiu tromboembolismo pulmonar e evidenciou clips cirúrgicos em proximidade com a veia ilíaca externa direita, causando uma respetiva redução luminal superior a 50%. A doente foi submetida a trombectomia e fibrinólise dirigida por cateter. Obteve-se acesso vascular através de punção ecoguiada da veia poplítea. Após colocação de introdutores em sentido retrógrado e anterógrado, realizou-se trombectomia das veias gemelares até à veia femoral comum, com recurso a aspiração por cateter. Instituiu-se perfusão de alteplase e heparina não fracionada por via periférica, mantidas durante 72 horas, com controlo angiográfico a cada 24h. Após recanalização satisfatória, realizou-se angioplastia com balão 14x40mm, seguida de stent 14x80mm na veia ilíaca externa. Não ocorreram complicações hemorrágicas major. O tratamento invasivo foi complementado com drenagem postural e meia elástica compressiva, permitindo melhoria clínica imediata e progressiva. Após dois dias, a doente recebeu alta medicada com heparina de baixo peso molecular. Em consulta de follow-up após um mês, constatou-se melhoria clínica progressiva e alterada hipocoagulação para rivaroxabano ad aeternum. Conclusão: A técnica de criss-cross permite recanalização do inflow e outflow, restaurando patência venosa e mantendo a função valvular, aspetos com eventual papel crítico nos resultados após TVP ileofemoral extensa.

Introduction: Subclavian arterial puncture is a relatively frequent complication of attempted placement of central venous catheters (CVC). The placement of a CVC in the artery is rarer, but with potential serious complications especially in its withdrawal. Anticipating these complications, control of potential bleeding in catheter withdrawal is usually performed by surgical or endovascular approach with endoprosthesis release. Our goal is to present the treatment with a percutaneous arterial closure device. Materials / Methods: Presentation of a clinical case of a CVC placed in the subclavian artery treated with a percutaneous arterial closure device. Results: A 51-year-old man hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. On the first day of hospitalization, the introduction of a CVC into the right subclavian vein was attempted. In view of the suspected intraarterial position, CT angiography scan demonstrated that the CVC had been introduced into the subclavian artery with a point of entry proximal to the passage under the clavicle and with a path to the brachiocephalic trunk. Hypocoagulation with UFH was initiated given the risk of pericateter thrombosis and embolization. The use of percutaneous closure device ProGlide® was planned using the CVC pathway. As predictable difficulties for this option was the long CVC path to the arterial entry point, raising questions about the extent of the suture mechanism of the device and the progression of nodes in this path. Under fluoroscopic control, an angioplasty balloon was progressed until the CVC point of entrance for temporary bleeding control in case of ProGlide® failure; in which case the procedure would be completed with a covered endoprosthesis; the subclavian artery had a diameter of 12 mm and was ipsilateral to a brachiocephalic fistula. It was decided to retrograde puncture the fistula and progress the balloon to the subclavian artery. The rigid guide wire was then placed through the CVC and the CVC removed. Two Proglide® closure devices (positioned at 10 p.m. and 2 p.m.) were released. The complete resolution of clinical and imaging hemorrhage was verified. Discussion/Conclusions: Placement of CVC in the subclavian artery is a potentially serious complication since its removal can be complicated with severe haemorrhage. Depending on the point of entry, there may be additional complexities due to the proximity of the vertebral and carotid arteries. In this case we left open several hypotheses (endovascular and ultimately surgical), but our preference was ad initium the percutaneous introduction of closure device given the feasibility, simplicity, less aggressiveness, non-interference with the vertebral ostium, and lower cost compared to a covered endoprosthesis.

Introdução: O diagnóstico de aneurismas venosos viscerais é tipicamente incidental. Apesar do uso disseminado de métodos de imagem precisos a identificação destas lesões continua a ser extremamente rara. Dentro destes, os aneurismas da veia renal são o subgrupo menos frequente correspondendo a uma pequena percentagem. Métodos: Apresentamos um caso-clínico de uma doente de 52 anos com um aneurisma gigante da veia do transplante renal associado a uma fístula arteriovenosa. Adicionalmente foi realizada uma revisão da literatura na base de dados MEDLINE. Resultados: Doente de sexo feminino com antecedentes de transplante renal de dador vivo com o enxerto localizado na fossa ilíaca esquerda, recorre ao serviço de urgência com dor no local do enxerto renal e febre. À observação do enxerto com ecografia observa-se uma lesão de grandes dimensões no bacinete com fluxo identificado ao Doppler. Realizou angiotomografia computadorizada que revelou presença de uma fístula arteriovenosa entre artéria e a veia renal, com um volumoso aneurisma da veia renal a ocupar praticamente todo o seio renal, de aproximadamente 5.6cm de maior diâmetro. Numa primeira fase foi realizada embolização da fístula arteriovenosa renal com coils. Pela manutenção do quadro sético com disfunção do enxerto foi posteriormente submetida a nefrectomia do enxerto. Conclusão: Os aneurismas da veia renal são lesões extremamente raras com apenas alguns casos publicados na literatura. Estes aneurismas são passíveis de tratamento por via endovascular ou cirúrgica, no entanto, tendo em conta a escassez de dados publicados desconhecem-se os resultados a longo prazo.

Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is a rare cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. There are two types of AEF: primary and secondary. Primary AEF usually occurs in association with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Secondary AEF are associated to aortic grafts, normally in relation to graft infection, and represent the most common type. A high level of suspicion is essential to a prompt diagnosis. If not promptly diagnosed and treated the associated mortality is very high. The role of endovascular treatment is not yet defined. Our aim is to perform a non-systematic review of the available literature concerning etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of AEF.

Introdução: O linfedema dos membros inferiores é uma patologia relativamente comum que condiciona um marcado impacto na qualidade de vida do doente. Pode ocorrer primariamente ou ser secundário a um fator externo. O seu tratamento na maioria dos casos é conservador através de massagem de drenagem linfática e medidas de compressão externa. No entanto, a cirurgia reconstrutiva do sistema linfático tem vindo a ganhar popularidade. Adicionalmente, nos casos mais graves pode ser necessário a realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos de redução de membro na correção de dismorfias associadas ao linfedema crónico. Métodos: Foi feita a revisão de um caso clínico grave de linfedema do membro inferior que foi tratado com recurso a um procedimento cirúrgico de redução de membro. Posteriormente procedeu-se a uma revisão da literatura utilizando a base de dados MEDLINE. Resultados : Doente de 46 anos com antecedentes de obesidade mórbida seguido por linfedema precoce do membro inferior direito que surgiu na segunda década de vida. O doente foi observado em consulta de cirurgia vascular com queixas de linforragia tendo sido instituído tratamento conservador com terapia compressiva. Apesar da melhoria inicial o linfedema progrediu com agravamento das queixas e recidiva de linforragia na coxa. Foi submetido a cirurgia de redução de membro com evolução favorável e marcada melhoria clínica no pós-operatório. Conclusão: O linfedema dos membros inferiores é uma entidade pouco reconhecida que condiciona um marcado impacto na qualidade de vida dos doentes. Atualmente não existe tratamento curativo e os resultados do tratamento conservador são limitados. O tratamento cirúrgico, nomeadamente com cirurgia de redução do membro visa solucionar os casos mais graves nomeadamente complicações associadas à cronicidade do linfedema.

Introduction/Objectives: Type A aortic dissection (AD) usually requires urgent surgical treatment and aortic segment replacement remains the gold standard. However, it is a very aggressive procedure and some patients are considered too frail for this treatment. Nowadays, endovascular repair represents an alternative treatment but still without precise indications. Our objective is to present a case of hybrid treatment of a type A AD with resource a transapical cardiac access. Material/Methods: Clinical case and literature review. Results: A 65-year-old man with history of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, atrial fibrillation and hypertension came to the emergency department with abdominal pain. He underwent angio-CT that revealed type A AD with an PAU in the ascending aorta (AA). After evaluation by cardiac surgery, he was considered too frail for conventional surgery. Angio-CT was repeated after two weeks of medical treatment and revealed false aneurysm growth, with imminent risk of rupture. We thought about endovascular treatment and different options were considered, the final decision was to propose the patient for an hybrid treatment. The procedure was started with a femoro-rigth axilar bypass and embolization of the brachyocephalic trunk. Then an endoprosthesis (Valiant®) was delivered below the left subclavian artery and two periscopes (Viabahn®) were progressed form left carotid and axillar arteries and the second endoprosthesis (Valiant®) was released into the aorta, inside the first, with coverage of the left common carotid and subclavian, and the Viabahn® were released. After multiple attempts, it was not possible to progress the third endoprosthesis AA because of lack of support and hemodynamic instability whenever the guidewire was progressed for the left ventricle and the procedure was interrupted. Subsequently performed angio-CT revealed permeable AA dissection and untreated false aneurysm. We discussed other options and an anterograde (transapical) approach was considered to progress a guidewire on through-and-through to achieve the support we need to progress the endoprothesis. With the support of the cardiac surgery the cardiac apex was punctured and using the through-and-through technique the guide wire was progressed to femoral artery which allowed advancement of the endoprosthesis (Valiant®) through the retrograde pathway and release under rapid-pacing in the AA with good final result. Discussion/Conclusions: Endovascular treatment is an alternative in patients of high clinical risk and adequate anatomical characteristics, yet technically challenging. When the retrograde progression of the endoprosthesis is not achieved, the transapical cardiac approach is an alternative to be considered.

Homem de 65 anos observado em consulta externa de cirurgia vascular por apresentar edema assimétrico do membro inferior esquerdo após acidente de trabalho que lhe terá condicionado imobilização prolongada. Pela suspeita de trombose venosa profunda, o doente realizou ecodoppler venoso dos membros inferiores que con!rmou ao diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda iliofemoral tendo concomitantemente sido identi!cada a presença de "uxos arterializados na veia poplítea, levantando a suspeita de uma fístula arteriovenosa de localização infra-poplítea. Procedeu-se à realização de angiografia que revelou a presença de uma fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) entre a artéria tibial posterior e veia homónima. Após 6 meses de anticoagulação, o doente foi proposto para tratamento endovascular da FAV tendo realizado a implantação de um stent recoberto de ePTFE GraftMaster® 3.5×26mm (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) com resolução imagiológica da FAV (!gura 3). À data de alta, o ecodoppler de controlo revelou total permeabilidade luminal do stent colocado na artéria tibial posterior esquerda, na qual se detetaram "uxos de morfologia trifásica, sem evidência de "uxos arterializados na veia poplítea. Com um ano de seguimento o doente mantém a artéira tibial posterior permeável.

The number of patients treated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) increased considerably in the last decades. Even though open surgery remains the gold standard for AAA treatment, endovascular techniques like Chimney grafts (CGs) showed to be reliable to treat patients with contraindications for conventional surgery and hostile neck aneurysms. CGs are off-the-shelf stents which are accessible and useful for urgent/emergent cases. This work reports a case of a 67 years-old caucasian male with a symptomatic infrarenal aortic aneurysm having a 2.5mm short neck and a maximum diameter of 67 mm. Due to patient comorbidities and after ruling out other causes for the pain, he was treated in urgency with chimney technique to prevent rupture.

Introduction: Between 14–20% of patients with critical lower-limb ischemia (CLI) are not candidates for revascularization due to extensive occlusions in crural/pedal vessels. Frequently these patients are young and functionally active. In these cases, the concept of shunting blood through veins to get this reversed flow to reach the nutritive tissue capillary bed becomes attractive. Our aim is to report our very recent experience in venous arterialization. Material/Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of venous arterialization performed in our institution between April 2018–2019. Results: Four patients were treated: 3 males/1 female with mean age of 58.5 years. All patients had PAD stage 4. All patients were studied with arteriography and ultrasound and were considerate no revascularizable (2 of them after an attempt of endovascular/surgical treatment). In one patient a trial with endovenous prostaglandin was performed, without clinical response. In all cases, the patients were facing a major amputation. Arterialization was performed as a last attempt to save the limb. Regarding the surgical procedures, the donor inflow artery was the infragenicular popliteal artery in 2 cases, distal femoral artery in 1 case and anterior tibial artery in 1 case. In 3 cases the bypass used the great saphenous vein (GSV) in situ to arterialize the medial marginal vein; in 1 case was used an inverted GSV bypass with the distal anastomosis at the posterior tibial vein. The venous valves were destroyed by combination of Fogarty catheter (proximally) and angioplasty balloon (distally). Collaterals were ligated to focalize the blood flow. In all patients marked improvement in foot perfusion was achieved. Two of them had excellent evolution in the postoperative period and healed foot lesions. One patient was amputated with permeable bypass. One patient presented good initial evolution but later had bypass thrombosis (presum- ably due to inadequate arterial inflow from the anterior tibial artery) and undergone major amputation. Discussion/Conclusions: Despite advances in surgical and endovascular techniques, an important number of patients with CLI are not candidates to arterial revascularization and most patients with inoperable CLI will face a major amputation. In that setting, venous arterialization should be considered but not all patients are candidates to this procedure and a careful preoperative evaluation is required. Our preliminary experience is encouraging: the procedure was relatively straightforward, the resulting improve in foot perfusion was surprisingly good, the patency rate and limb salvage rate was 75 and 50%. In our opinion the major issues are selection of inflow artery and outflow vein and the learning curve in interpretation of the angiographic result to guide optimal focalization of the blood flow.

Superficial femoral artery (SFA) aneurysms are rare clinical disorders, with few case reports and small series published concerning atherosclerotic aneurysms. We report a clinical case a giant aneurysm of the SFA, in a patient previously submitted to extensive SFA endarterectomy and vein angioplasty. A 73-year-old man presented at a routine vascular surgery consultation. The patient had been submitted to a right SFA endartectomy and vein patch angioplasty, sixteen years ago, for intermittent claudication. Physical examination demon- strated a large pulsatile mass of the right thigh. His right pedal pulse was palpable. Ultrasound and computed tomography scan confirmed a 78x71x240mm aneurysm of the right superficial femoral artery. He was proposed to aneurysmectomy and femoro-popliteal bypass. During operative intervention, proximal and distal control was obtained and the aneurysm opened. A large amount of thrombus was removed and a femoro-popliteal bypass was performed using the ipsilateral great saphenous vein. The postoperative period was uneventful, as was the patient recovery. In our report, the aneurysmal area matched precisely to the endarterectomised area and no other aneurysms were found. So we are facing an uncommon case of a SFA degeneration into a giant aneurysm after extensive endarterectomy and vein angioplasty.

Introdução: O stress ergonómico associado à execução procedimentos endovasculares leva o cirurgião vascular a assumir frequentemente um conjunto de posturas e movimentos para controlo imagiológico do procedimento. Isto condiciona um aumento do risco a longo termo de desenvolvimento de patologia músculo-esquelética. A utilização de smart glasses (óculos inteligentes) poderá ter um papel na redução deste risco, permitindo ao profissional controlar o procedimento sem necessidade de reposicionamento constante. Através da aplicação do questionário Quick Exposure Check (QEC), compa- ramos o risco ergonómico durante a realização de procedimentos endovasculares com e sem a utilização de smart glasses. Métodos: O QEC foi aplicado por um observador externo durante a realização de procedimentos endovasculares com e sem a utilização de smart glasses Epson Moverio BT-35E®. Os dois grupos de procedimentos foram comparados relativamente ao score total no QEC e aos scores parciais que avaliam o risco relativo a diferentes segmentos anatómicos (coluna cervical, coluna lombar, ombro/braço e punho/mão). Os scores parciais de auto-percepção de stress e de ritmo de trabalho, avaliados pelo profissional, foram também comparados. Resultados: O QEC foi aplicado a um total de 12 procedimentos. Os procedimentos com utilização de smart glasses (n=6) obtiveram um score total médio significativamente mais baixo no QEC (83.7 – risco ergonómico baixo), comparativamente aos procedimentos sem utilização de smart glasses (108.3 – risco ergonómico moderado; p=0.009). Os scores parciais médios relativos à coluna cervical e lombar foram também significativamente mais baixos neste grupo (lombar: 11.3 vs 18; p=0.002) (cervical: 18 vs 26.7; p=0.002). Não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os scores parciais médios relativos ao ombro/braço e punho/mão, nem para os scores parciais médios de auto-percepção de stress e de ritmo de trabalho. Conclusão: A utilização de smart glasses durante a cirurgia endovascular mostrou reduzir o risco ergonómico, avaliado pela escala QEC, de moderado para baixo. Esta redução traduz-se principalmente numa diminuição do risco de patologia músculo-esquelética a nível da coluna e do pescoço.

Este artigo se propõe a analisar o conceito de “entre-lugar” trabalhado por Silvianno Santiago como forma de conceber a criação da cultura pop na América Latina. Busca-se defender um novo discurso em relação à cobertura da crítica cultural sobre essa cultura contemporânea. Objetiva-se compreender como a cultura pop latino-americana se conecta a uma cultura pop global, sobretudo diante do fenômeno do cosmopolitismo estético. Por fim, será abordada a questão da cultura enquanto valor com o intuito de analisar como que tal regimento pode obedecer a critérios pensados a partir das experiências culturais destes trópicos e não a critérios meramente importados.

There is no consensus in the literature on the negative effect of corruption on countries’ ability to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). Some countries simultaneously have high levels of corruption and FDI flows. In this study, we distinguish the effect of two types of corruption – arbitrary and pervasive – and the moderating role of corruption distance between the investor and host country on the ability to attract FDI. In an empirical study of FDI flows into Latin American countries, the results show that high pervasive corruption reduces the attractiveness of FDI and that corruption distance attenuates the negative effect of arbitrary corruption on FDI. The study contributes to the research on the effects of corruption and particularly to understanding the differentiated effects of the types of corruption and of corruption distance on FDI flows.

O presente trabalho busca analisar a legitimidade das decisões proferidas por equidade no procedimento arbitral. Isso porque, ao se permitir que a equidade seja utilizada para fundamentar uma decisão, os destinatários da mesma não se reconhecerão como autores e, por conseguinte, a decisão proferida nada mais será que a visão idiossincrática do julgador em relação ao óbice apesentado para resolução. Com isso, o devido processo legal restará violado e a decisão, de acordo com o paradigma democrático, não será legitima. Através do método dedutivo, demonstrar-se-á a ilegitimidade das decisões proferidas por equidade. This work aims to examine the legitimacy of the decisions of equity in the arbitral proceeding. This because, allowing equity is used to support a decision, the recipients will not recognize _ as authors and therefore the decision is nothing more than a idiosyncratic vision of the judge regarding the dispute submitted to resolution. Thus, due process remain infringed and the decision, according to the democratic paradigm will not be legitimate. Through deductive method, will be demonstrating the illegitimacy of decisions of equity.

O artigo apresenta a estruturação metodológica de uma pesquisa científica na área de Gestão da informação e do conhecimento. Faz-se uma contextualização e detalhamento do problema de pesquisa, bem como de seus objetivos com base na metodologia Design Science. Dessa maneira, ilustra-se, com um exemplo, a importância da Design Science para o campo da ciência da informação. O objetivo é apresentar essa metodologia de uma maneira didática e simples de forma a encorajar mais pesquisadores a adotarem a DS em seus trabalhos. Como método exemplificou-se, no artigo, como foi estruturada uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento, segundo os preceitos da DS. Ficou claro o quão importante é para a ciência da informação desenvolver metodologias e métodos mais adequados à sua missão de caráter prescritivo que é prover orientações para incrementar o acesso à informação. Conclui-se que tal desenvolvimento é fundamental, principalmente dentro da linha de pesquisa Gestão da informação e do conhecimento, em que muitas pesquisas prescrevem artefatos como modelos e sistemas de informação e onde as metodologias mais clássicas têm alcance limitado.

Introduction: A number of guidelines for the management of carotid disease are available to help clinicians in therapeutic decision and provide useful guidance for the best care of the patients. They stated that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has some benefit in symptomatic patients with carotid stenosis of 50-69% and is highly beneficial in stenosis of 70-99%, with mortality/ stroke rate less than 6%. The maximum benefit is observed when surgery is performed within two weeks after the cerebrovascular event. CEA in asymptomatic patients should be offered to patients with life expectancy higher than 5 years, stenosis of >70%, and perioperative complications should be less than 3%. The aim of this study is to analyse our clinical practice, review treated patients and referral times and compare the outcomes of our institutional practice with published guidelines. Material and methods: Retrospective study of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy at Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto between 2010 and 2015. Results: Between 2010 and 2015, 404 patients underwent CEA, 76% men, and mean age 69 years for both sexes. The degree of stenosis was usually evaluated by ultrasound. The use of complementary study with angio-CT was required in 20% and angiography in 2.2% of the cases. The majority of patients (54.2%) were symptomatic (stroke/ TIA