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This study investigates how to integrate sustainability into indirect procurement and develop an efficient sustainability audit process. Using a qualitative approach, the research analyzes relevant articles, reports, and regulations from various countries. In today's business environment, incorporating sustainability into procurement is essential for enhancing corporate responsibility and efficiency. The study highlights the importance of audits in identifying and mitigating environmental and social risks in indirect procurement. Comprehensive audit procedures, including supplier evaluations, compliance checks, and performance monitoring, are crucial for promoting sustainable procurement practices. The findings show that a well-structured audit approach ensures adherence to sustainability standards, promotes transparency, and fosters continuous improvement in the supply chain. The paper concludes with recommendations for effective audit strategies to achieve sustainable indirect procurement. Global economic development varies, and corporate governance sets rules to ensure transparency and security for investors. Non-financial reporting is increasingly important, with companies evaluated on social and financial metrics, leading to more sustainability reports following GRI standards.

The purpose of this study is to examine the elements that strengthened market attractiveness in Romania, between 2000 and 2022. To fulfil this, we considered a selection of variables upon which we carried out a Principal Component Analysis that allowed to underline the factors associated with Romanian market attractiveness. After exploring the correlation between Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Labor Force Participation Rate, Logistics Performance Index and Political Stability, the PCA unveiled five components, with the first two accounting for 83.01% of the total variance in the data. Formulated on the initial variables' loadings on these components, FDI, GDP, LFPR, LPI, and POLSTABILITY appear to be significant factors that promoted market attractiveness in Romania. Still, a more in-depth analysis and interpretation of the data is required to fully comprehend the factors that make attractive the Romanian market.

Simion Bărnuţiu (July 21, 1808 - May 24, 1864) was a Romanian politician and scholar who followed the tradition of the Transylvanian School (Şcoala ardeleană) and the German Rationalism. He is considered to be the ideologist and the political leader of the Romanian Revolution of 1848 in Transylvania. He was mainly preoccupied with philosophy and legal science and had a significant contribution to establishing the principles of political and legal organization for the new Romanian unified state, but also to proposing solutions for the Romanian economic problems.

George Bariţiu (May 24, 1812 - May 2, 1893) was a Romanian politician, journalist and historian who had significant contributions in the field of economic thinking. As a promoter of the idea to assert the Romanian identity, and an activist for the Romanians to enter economic life, Bariţiu advanced a series of economic claims and aspirations. At the core of his analytical pursuit there were fundamental economic issues: competition, ownership, the peasants’ problem, the development of industry and of trade.

The aim of this article is to analyze the direct investment opportunities in real estate in Romania and the future trends and forecasts for the real-estate market, focusing on the residential segment. The Romanian residential market changed after the 2009 economic crisis when the prices dropped down dramatically. Nowadays, the properties became slightly overpriced and also the value of yields from the rentals are going up. The paper presents an analysis of the value of the yield from rent fee in Romania and the methods for calculating the yield, the factors that have a direct influence over the yield and the main reasons why the yield from rent is fluctuating. Taking into account the current situation, the commercial real estate market is analyzed before pandemic but also post - pandemic consequences are emphasized. We conclude with the future modern trends are how the market can adapt to “new” by using the innovation in the real estate market for the economic growth.

Tourism is far more than an economic sector. It is a complex system in which potential interactions with other economic sectors can be developed in a sustainable way both upstream and downstream. For this reason, it is essential to implement and develop projects in Romania in a much larger context. Contemporary tourism succeeds in being a complex activity, having numerous economic, social and cultural implications. The development of tourism is constantly in close correlation with the growth rhythms of other economy branches. Lately, balneary tourism, known also as health tourism, benefits from an increased attention, as it presents outstanding resources, such as health care factors, which help to maintain the health. Given this, we have chosen to conduct a study on the importance and development of the balneary tourism in our country.

In this paper we tried to present an objective perspective over modern monetary theories andtheir impact on economic activity. In the end, our research stressed some specific actions thatinfluence the macroeconomic equilibrium. Neoclassical and New Keynesian trends supported modern macroeconomic stabilizationpolicies. New Keynesian paradigm assumed that, in general, agents have rational expectations. Thiscontroversial subject points out that although the expectations can be wrong on average they areactually correct. Neoclassical economists will have a different approach towards the theory of expectations,saying that decisions were based on the expectations that people have and not on what reallyhappen. We appreciated that in order to achieve macroeconomic stability a mix between monetary andfiscal policies is needed, fixed rules should be applied in interdependence with discretionarygovernment measures and acting upon incomes is the best way to fight against inflation.

Harmonizing Member States’ insolvency frameworks has been a goal for the European Union for the past years, dating back to 2016, when the European Commission issued a Proposal for a Directive on preventive restructuring frameworks, second chance and measures to increase the efficiency of restructuring, insolvency, and discharge proceedings [COM (2016) 723 final], based on the Commission's Recommendation regarding a new approach to business failure and insolvency [C(2014) 1500 final]. This led to the Directive (EU) 2019/1023 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures to increase the efficiency of procedures concerning restructuring, insolvency, and discharge of debt, and amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132. One key topic addressed by the “Directive proposal” [COM(2022) 702 final] is the “pre-pack proceeding”, meant to offer an efficient alternative for safeguarding businesses. Underlining the achievements of this Directive proposal by regulating pre-packed administrative proceedings is our scope in this paper

Economic growth and the level of employment are two key factors that economists should consider when analyzing different economic aspects. In this article, we focus on the relation between the growth of unemployment rate and the growth of real gross domestic product (both expressed as a percentage) in the case of Romania. In our research we answer at the following questions? Is Okun's rule valid in Romanian economy from 2000 to 2018? Does it hold over time? What is the relation between these variables?. The empirical analysis showed the inverse relationship between them, confirming Okun's findings, underlying that the rule is valid in the Romanian economy in the analyzed period, although the small value of R-squared made us interpret the results with caution, questioning somehow the sustainability of the law over time. Its validity can be seen more on short term analysis rather than on long term projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we tried to present an overview of the impact that monetary and fiscal policies had on Romanian economy between 2000 - 2013. We searched about the importance of separation or combination between the two most important macroeconomic policies. How did the fiscal authority answer through its fiscal policy to the monetary actions adopted by NBR? Is there an interdependence between them, or there is really a separation?. Without any doubt, as it will result in the final, the need to approach simultaneously the two policies mentioned above is a condition for achieving economic balance ans, so, macroeconomic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Money is important in the economic mechanism, defining the engine through which the Central Bank can interfere on the economy's liquidity, and also in satisfying its needs. Monetary policy achieves its objectives through different instruments. Along with goals and methods of transmission of monetary impulses, monetary instruments are considered the fundamentals, the basics of monetary policy. Their study is essential to highlight the interdependencies between them and their induced effects over the market economy's mechanisms. The most important are the direct intervention tools that have an impact on the economic liquidity. In this process, the Central Bank plays the main character role. In this article we will discover which are the main tools of direct action used by the Central Bank and how they affect economic liquidity. What tool can be controlled more easily? When a tool is efficient? These are some questions that we will try to answer below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the leading figures of the Austrian School is by far Ludwig von Mises. Known better for his findings regarding the relationship between money, prices and interest, Mises brought originality and a new perspective over the monetary policy. This paper is a tribute to the philosopher Mises, who focused on human acting and who enriched the monetary theory with an analytical perspective and deductive models, creating the so called Misesian theory. What is Mises contribution to the development of monetary paradigm? Is expansionary monetary policy good? Is he for private initiative and free market rule? And most important how does the business cycle theory influence money? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Out of all the ideas and assumptions regarding the money and monetary theory, the classical liberalism was the first major paradigm that contributed to the development of the quantity theory of money. This paper aims to express the first steps made by the Classical School economists in crystallization of the classical quantity theory. The interest rate is also studied in order to emphasize its effects over the macroeconomic stability. What was the role of money in Smith's view? What is the relationship between money and interest rate? Does money have an impact over the economic activity? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]