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Cumpliendo exitosamente con un estrecho itinerario, el 4 de julio de 2022, la Convención Constitucional entregará al Presidente de la República una propuesta de texto constitucional que deberá ser sometida a plebiscito para decidir sobre su aprobación. De aprobarse la nueva Constitución en el Plebiscito del próximo 4 de septiembre, Chile contará con una de las constituciones más modernas e inclusivas de la dimensión digital de la vida de las personas, siendo esta quizás una de las mayores innovaciones de las últimas décadas a nivel mundial en el ámbito del derecho y la tecnología.

Homogeneous extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) alter biological phenomena, including the cell phenotype and proliferation rate. Heterogenous vortex magnetic fields (VMFs), a new approach of exposure to magnetic fields, induce systematic movements on charged biomolecules from target cells; however, the effect of VMFs on living systems remains uncertain. Here, we designed, constructed, and characterized an ELF-VMF-modified Rodin's coil to expose SH-SY5Y cells. Samples were analyzed by performing 2D-differential-gel electrophoresis, identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF, validated by western blotting, and characterized by confocal microscopy. A total of 106 protein spots were differentially expressed; 40 spots were downregulated and 66 were upregulated in the exposed cell proteome, compared to the control cell proteome. The identified spots are associated with cytoskeleton and cell viability proteins, and according to the protein-protein interaction network, a significant interaction among them was found. Our data revealed a decrease in cell survival associated with apoptotic cells without effects on the cell cycle, as well as evident changes in the cytoskeleton. We demonstrated that ELF-VMFs, at a specific frequency and exposure time, alter the cell proteome and structurally affect the target cells. This is the first report showing that VMF application might be a versatile system for testing different hypotheses in living systems, using appropriate exposure parameters.© 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the oral cavity, clinical manifestations are considered atypical lesions. The aim of this study was to report an unusual granular ulcer secondary oral TB that does not heal, chronic, had irregular appearance with deep depression of 2 cm in diameter, and was located in buccal mucosa of the premolar area–the left mandibular arch, of a 42-year-old woman. The patient was subjected to surgical excision of ulcer in its entirety and accordingly a periodontal plastic surgery in the area of the lesion was performed positioning an autograft subepithelial connective tissue. We obtained optimal results in improving oral health, function, and patient’s comfort, in postoperative controls at 15, 30, and 60 days, respectively.

This article proposes a systemic review of the protection of privacy in the Chilean Constitution, understood not only by the norms of Article 19 No. 4, the right to privacy and the right to the protection of personal data, but also through the normative content provided by No. 5, which comprises the rights to the inviolability of the home, private communications and documents, subject to constitutional protection. When we conceive the privacy protection standards set out in Chilean constitutional law as a system, we can appreciate that despite the obvious differences between the different rights that form this system, there are areas where they do intersect or overlap when applying them to specific facts. This wide scope of protection is essential to apply the right to privacy as a strong defence against the threats and risks posed by the use of digital technologies. Chile, Privacy, Constitutional Law, Personal Data, Private Communications, Informational Self-Determination

Los residuos agrícolas y pastos henificados con más de 150 d de rebrote se caracterizan por su alto contenido en fibra y Pleurotus ostreatus digiere lignina, celulosa y hemicelulosa. La hipótesis fue que Pleurotus ostreatus mejora las características químicas y el valor nutricional de rastrojos y pasturas para la alimentación pecuaria. El objetivo fue determinar las características químicas de valor nutricional, producción de biogás y degradaciones in vitro de rastrojo de maíz y pasto mulato (Brachiaria híbrido) tratado con las cepas MR y P15 de P. ostreatus por 15 y 30 d en fermentación sólida. Las cepas se reactivaron en agar papa-dextrosa y se propagó en sorgo. En un matraz Erlenmeyer se colocaron 50 g de sustrato estéril (80% de humedad) y 5% de inóculo y se fermentaron por 15 y 30 d. Al término, se determinaron las características químicas de valor nutricional, se estimó la producción de biogás y metano (CH4) y degradaciones de materia seca (DMS) y de fibra detergente neutro (DFDN). El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 23. Los fermentos de rastrojo de maíz en 30 d presentaron contenido mayor de proteína cruda. El contenido menor de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) estuvo en rastrojo de maíz con cualquier cepa. El rastrojo de maíz con P15 redujo más fibra detergente ácido (FDA) que MR. El fermento con 30 d mostró mayor FDA en los sustratos evaluados. El pasto mulato con la cepa MR produjo más biogás acumulado que con P15. Los fermentos con 30 d produjeron más biogás acumulado que los de 15 d (p≤0.05). Ni los sustratos ni las cepas mostraron diferencias en la producción de CH4 acumulado (p>0.05). Los fermentos de 30 d con cualquier cepa en rastrojo de maíz mostraron DMS y DFDN mayores (p≤0.05). Pleurotus ostreatus mejoró el contenido de nutrientes y las características fermentativas in vitro de rastrojo de maíz y pasto mulato tratados por fermentación sólida.

Jacquinia macrocarpa, a plant native to northwestern Mexico, has an inhibitory effect against phytopathogenic fungi. Previous studies have shown that the butanolic extract of J. macrocarpa causes retardation and atrophy in mycelial growth of Fusarium verticillioides. However, the action mechanism of this extract is unknown. We used a proteomics approach to understand the inhibitory effect of J. macrocarpa butanolic extract, based on differential protein accumulation in F. verticillioides. Proteins were extracted from F. verticillioides cultured in Czapek broth with and without 202.12 μg/mL (IC50) of butanolic extract of J. macrocarpa. Thirty-eight protein spots showing statistically significant changes (ANOVA, p < 0.01) and at least a 2-fold change in abundance between experimental conditions were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were grouped into different biological processes according to Gene Ontology, among them were amino acid metabolism, protein folding and stabilization, protein degradation, protein transport, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress response, and miscellaneous. This work is the first report of changes in the proteomic profile of F. verticillioides exposed to the J. macrocarpa extract. This information provides new insights into the inhibitory mechanism of the extract and represents a starting point for dissection of the fungal response against the J. macrocarpa extract components.