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5. Lived Experience Matters: Automatic Detection of Stigma on Social Media Toward People Who Use Substances

Author

Giorgi, Salvatore, Bellew, Douglas, Habib, Daniel Roy Sadek, Sherman, Garrick, Sedoc, Joao, Smitterberg, Chase, Devoto, Amanda, Himelein-Wachowiak, McKenzie, and Curtis, Brenda

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Stigma toward people who use substances (PWUS) is a leading barrier to seeking treatment.Further, those in treatment are more likely to drop out if they experience higher levels of stigmatization. While related concepts of hate speech and toxicity, including those targeted toward vulnerable populations, have been the focus of automatic content moderation research, stigma and, in particular, people who use substances have not. This paper explores stigma toward PWUS using a data set of roughly 5,000 public Reddit posts. We performed a crowd-sourced annotation task where workers are asked to annotate each post for the presence of stigma toward PWUS and answer a series of questions related to their experiences with substance use. Results show that workers who use substances or know someone with a substance use disorder are more likely to rate a post as stigmatizing. Building on this, we use a supervised machine learning framework that centers workers with lived substance use experience to label each Reddit post as stigmatizing. Modeling person-level demographics in addition to comment-level language results in a classification accuracy (as measured by AUC) of 0.69 -- a 17% increase over modeling language alone. Finally, we explore the linguist cues which distinguish stigmatizing content: PWUS substances and those who don't agree that language around othering ("people", "they") and terms like "addict" are stigmatizing, while PWUS (as opposed to those who do not) find discussions around specific substances more stigmatizing. Our findings offer insights into the nature of perceived stigma in substance use. Additionally, these results further establish the subjective nature of such machine learning tasks, highlighting the need for understanding their social contexts., Comment: Accepted for publication the 2024 International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM)

Published
2023

6. Endovascular Therapy in the Extended Time Window for Large Vessel Occlusion in Patients With Pre-Stroke Disability

Author

Kanta Tanaka, Hiroshi Yamagami, Muhammad M. Qureshi, Kazutaka Uchida, James E. Siegler, Raul G. Nogueira, Shinichi Yoshimura, Nobuyuki Sakai, Nicolas Martinez-Majander, Simon Nagel, Jelle Demeestere, Volker Puetz, Diogo C. Haussen, Mohamad Abdalkader, Marta Olive-Gadea, Mahmoud H. Mohammaden, João Pedro Marto, Anne Dusart, Simon Winzer, Liisa Tomppo, Francois Caparros, Hilde Henon, Flavio Bellante, João Nuno Ramos, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Sunil A. Sheth, Stefania Nannoni, Johannes Kaesmacher, Lieselotte Vandewalle, Sergio Salazar-Marioni, Mudassir Farooqui, Pekka Virtanen, Rita Ventura, Syed Zaidi, Alicia C. Castonguay, Ajit S. Puri, Behzad Farzin, Hesham E. Masoud, Piers Klein, Jessica Jesser, Manuel Requena, Tomas Dobrocky, Daniel P.O. Kaiser, Erno Peltola, Davide Strambo, Markus A. Möhlenbruch, Eugene Lin, Peter A. Ringleb, Osama O. Zaidat, Charlotte Cordonnier, Daniel Roy, Robin Lemmens, Marc Ribo, Daniel Strbian, Urs Fischer, Patrik Michel, Jean Raymond, and Thanh N. Nguyen

Subjects
activities of daily living, ischemic stroke, endovascular therapy, reperfusion, outcome, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background and Purpose We compared the outcomes of endovascular therapy (EVT) in an extended time window in patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) between patients with and without pre-stroke disability. Methods In this prespecified analysis of the multinational CT for Late Endovascular Reperfusion study (66 participating sites, 10 countries between 2014 and 2022), we analyzed data from patients with acute ischemic stroke with a pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–4 and LVO who underwent EVT 6–24 hours from the time last seen well. The primary outcome was the composite of functional independence (FI; mRS score 0–2) or return to the pre-stroke mRS score (return of Rankin, RoR) at 90 days. Outcomes were compared between patients with pre-stroke disability (pre-stroke mRS score 2–4) and those without (mRS score 0–1). Results A total of 2,231 patients (median age, 72 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 16) were included in the present analysis. Of these, 564 (25%) had pre-stroke disability. The primary outcome (FI or RoR) was observed in 30.7% of patients with pre-stroke disability (FI, 16.5%; RoR, 30.7%) compared to 44.1% of patients without (FI, 44.1%; RoR, 13.0%) (P

Published
2024
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12. Contributors

Author

Agazzi, Siviero, primary, Ahmad, Maleeha, additional, Beltaifa, Yassine Mohamed, additional, Berk, Lawrence B., additional, Bunevicius, Adomas, additional, Campbell, Shauna R., additional, Carlson, Matthew L., additional, Chang, Steven D., additional, Croci, Davide Marco, additional, Daniel, Roy Thomas, additional, Martin, Elena De, additional, Driscoll, Colin L.W., additional, Fariselli, Laura, additional, Freeman, Debra, additional, Graffeo, Christopher S., additional, Heller, Robert, additional, Kearns, Kathryn, additional, Kotecha, Rupesh, additional, Levivier, Marc, additional, Link, Michael J., additional, Lunsford, L. Dade, additional, Masterson-McGary, Mary Ellen, additional, Mehta, Minesh P., additional, Meola, Antonio, additional, Nassiri, Ashley M., additional, Niranjan, Ajay, additional, Noureldine, Mohammad Hassan A., additional, Parney, Ian F., additional, Regis, Jean, additional, Rindler, Rima S., additional, Saladino, Andrea, additional, Sekar, Vashisht, additional, Shahsavari, Nastaran, additional, Sheehan, Jason, additional, Tom, Martin C., additional, Tonse, Mohammed Raees, additional, Tuleasca, Constantin, additional, Vakharia, Kunal, additional, Van Gompel, Jamie, additional, Wang, Lei, additional, Wei, Zhishuo, additional, and Wroe, Andrew J., additional

Published
2024
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13. CLEAR Thrombectomy Score: An Index to Estimate the Probability of Good Functional Outcome With or Without Endovascular Treatment in the Late Window for Anterior Circulation Occlusion

Author

James E. Siegler, Manisha Koneru, Muhammad M. Qureshi, Mohamed Doheim, Raul G. Nogueira, Nicolas Martinez‐Majander, Simon Nagel, Mary Penckofer, Jelle Demeestere, Volker Puetz, Marc Ribo, Mohamad Abdalkader, João Pedro Marto, Alhamza R. Al‐Bayati, Hiroshi Yamagami, Diogo C. Haussen, Marta Olive‐Gadea, Simon Winzer, Mahmoud H. Mohammaden, Robin Lemmens, Kanta Tanaka, Pekka Virtanen, Anne Dusart, Flavio Bellante, Daniel P. O. Kaiser, Francois Caparros, Hilde Henon, João Nuno Ramos, Santiago Ortega‐Gutierrez, Sunil A. Sheth, Stefania Nannoni, Lieselotte Vandewalle, Johannes Kaesmacher, Sergio Salazar‐Marioni, Liisa Tomppo, Rita Ventura, Syed F. Zaidi, Mouhammad Jumaa, Alicia C. Castonguay, Milagros Galecio‐Castillo, Ajit S. Puri, Adnan Mujanovic, Piers Klein, Liqi Shu, Behzad Farzin, Hannah Moomey, Hesham E. Masoud, Jessica Jesser, Markus A. Möhlenbruch, Peter A. Ringleb, Daniel Strbian, Osama O. Zaidat, Shadi Yaghi, Davide Strambo, Patrik Michel, Daniel Roy, Shinichi Yoshimura, Kazutaka Uchida, Jean Raymond, and Thanh N. Nguyen

Subjects
acute stroke, endovascular therapy, late window, prognosis, score, thrombectomy, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background With the expanding eligibility for endovascular therapy (EVT) of patients presenting in the late window (6–24 hours after last known well), we aimed to derive a score to predict favorable outcomes associated with EVT versus best medical management. Methods and Results A multinational observational cohort of patients from the CLEAR (Computed Tomography for Late Endovascular Reperfusion) study with proximal intracranial occlusion (2014–2022) was queried (n=58 sites). Logistic regression analyses were used to derive a 9‐point score for predicting good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 or return to premorbid modified Rankin Scale score) at 90 days, with sensitivity analyses for prespecified subgroups conducted using bootstrapped random forest regressions. Secondary outcomes included 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2), poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 5–6), and 90‐day survival. The score was externally validated with a single‐center cohort (2014–2023). Of the 3231 included patients (n=2499 EVT), a 9‐point score included age, early computed tomography ischemic changes, and stroke severity, with higher points indicating a higher probability of a good functional outcome. The areas under the curve for the primary outcome among EVT and best medical management subgroups were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.70–0.74) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84–0.90), respectively, with similar performance in the external validation cohort (area under the curve, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.66–0.76]). There was a significant interaction between the score and EVT for good functional outcome, functional independence, and poor outcome (all Pinteraction

Published
2024
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18. Walking Linguistic Landscapes as Ways to Experience Plurality: A Visual Ethnography into Plurilingualism with Elementary School Children in Japan

Author

Oyama, Mayo, Moore, Danièle, Pearce, Daniel Roy, Cheung, Hintat, Series Editor, Wang, Lixun, Series Editor, Anwei, Feng, Editorial Board Member, Bolton, Kingsley, Editorial Board Member, Choi, Tae-Hee, Editorial Board Member, Garcia, Ofelia, Editorial Board Member, Gill, Saran Kaur, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Mingyue, Editorial Board Member, Haberland, Hartmut, Editorial Board Member, Kirkpatrick, Andy, Editorial Board Member, Li, David C.S, Editorial Board Member, Ee-Ling, Low, Editorial Board Member, Liddicoat, Tony, Editorial Board Member, Nolasco, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Swain, Merrill, Editorial Board Member, Wei, Li, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Zhichang, Editorial Board Member, Yip Choy Yin, Virginia, Editorial Board Member, Yueguo, Gu, Editorial Board Member, and Melo-Pfeifer, Sílvia, editor

Published
2023
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19. Phenotypic diversity of T cells in human primary and metastatic brain tumors revealed by multiomic interrogation

Author

Wischnewski, Vladimir, Maas, Roeltje R., Aruffo, Paola Guerrero, Soukup, Klara, Galletti, Giovanni, Kornete, Mara, Galland, Sabine, Fournier, Nadine, Lilja, Johanna, Wirapati, Pratyaksha, Lourenco, Joao, Scarpa, Alice, Daniel, Roy T., Hottinger, Andreas F., Brouland, Jean-Philippe, Losurdo, Agnese, Voulaz, Emanuele, Alloisio, Marco, Hegi, Monika E., Lugli, Enrico, and Joyce, Johanna A.

Published
2023
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23. SPInS, a pipeline for massive stellar parameter inference: A public Python tool to age-date, weigh, size up stars, and more

Author

Lebreton, Yveline and Reese, Daniel Roy

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Stellar parameters are required in a variety of contexts, ranging from the characterisation of exoplanets to Galactic archaeology. Among them, the age of stars cannot be directly measured, while the mass and radius can be measured in some particular cases (binary systems, interferometry). Stellar ages, masses, and radii have to be inferred from stellar evolution models by appropriate techniques. We have designed a Python tool named SPInS. It takes a set of photometric, spectroscopic, interferometric, and/or asteroseismic observational constraints and, relying on a stellar model grid, provides the age, mass, and radius of a star, among others, as well as error bars and correlations. We make the tool available to the community via a dedicated website. SPInS uses a Bayesian approach to find the PDF of stellar parameters from a set of classical constraints. At the heart of the code is a MCMC solver coupled with interpolation within a pre-computed stellar model grid. Priors can be considered, such as the IMF or SFR. SPInS can characterise single stars or coeval stars, such as members of binary systems or of stellar clusters. We illustrate the capabilities of SPInS by studying stars that are spread over the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We then validate the tool by inferring the ages and masses of stars in several catalogues and by comparing them with literature results. We show that in addition to the age and mass, SPInS can efficiently provide derived quantities, such as the radius, surface gravity, and seismic indices. We demonstrate that SPInS can age-date and characterise coeval stars that share a common age and chemical composition. The SPInS tool will be very helpful in preparing and interpreting the results of large-scale surveys, such as the wealth of data expected or already provided by space missions, such as Gaia, Kepler, TESS, and PLATO., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2020
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24. A linguistic analysis of dehumanization toward substance use across three decades of news articles

Author

Salvatore Giorgi, Daniel Roy Sadek Habib, Douglas Bellew, Garrick Sherman, and Brenda Curtis

Subjects
dehumanization, substance use, addiction, New York Times, computational linguistics, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

IntroductionSubstances and the people who use them have been dehumanized for decades. As a result, lawmakers and healthcare providers have implemented policies that subjected millions to criminalization, incarceration, and inadequate resources to support health and wellbeing. While there have been recent shifts in public opinion on issues such as legalization, in the case of marijuana in the U.S., or addiction as a disease, dehumanization and stigma are still leading barriers for individuals seeking treatment. Integral to the narrative of “substance users” as thoughtless zombies or violent criminals is their portrayal in popular media, such as films and news.MethodsThis study attempts to quantify the dehumanization of people who use substances (PWUS) across time using a large corpus of over 3 million news articles. We apply a computational linguistic framework for measuring dehumanization across three decades of New York Times articles.ResultsWe show that (1) levels of dehumanization remain high and (2) while marijuana has become less dehumanized over time, attitudes toward other substances such as heroin and cocaine remain stable.DiscussionThis work highlights the importance of a holistic view of substance use that places all substances within the context of addiction as a disease, prioritizes the humanization of PWUS, and centers around harm reduction.

Published
2023
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25. The local microenvironment drives activation of neutrophils in human brain tumors

Author

Maas, Roeltje R., Soukup, Klara, Fournier, Nadine, Massara, Matteo, Galland, Sabine, Kornete, Mara, Wischnewski, Vladimir, Lourenco, Joao, Croci, Davide, Álvarez-Prado, Ángel F., Marie, Damien N., Lilja, Johanna, Marcone, Rachel, Calvo, Gabriel F., Santalla Mendez, Rui, Aubel, Pauline, Bejarano, Leire, Wirapati, Pratyaksha, Ballesteros, Iván, Hidalgo, Andrés, Hottinger, Andreas F., Brouland, Jean-Philippe, Daniel, Roy T., Hegi, Monika E., and Joyce, Johanna A.

Published
2023
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31. Endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery: How we do it. Consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section

Author

Bove, Ilaria, Solari, Domenico, Bruneau, Michaël, Berhouma, Moncef, Jouanneau, Emmanuel, Cornelius, Jan Frederick, Messerer, Mahmoud, Daniel, Roy Thomas, Froelich, Sebastien, Mazzatenta, Diego, Meling, Torstein, Paraskevopoulos, Dimitrios, Roche, Pierre-Hugues, Schoeder, Henry W.S., Zazpe, Idoya, Visocchi, Massimiliano, Kasper, Ekkehard, Tatagiba, Marcos, and Cavallo, Luigi Maria

Published
2023
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32. Differences in intraoperative sampling during meningioma surgery regarding CNS invasion – Results of a survey on behalf of the EANS skull base section

Author

Behling, Felix, Bruneau, Michaël, Honegger, Jürgen, Berhouma, Moncef, Jouanneau, Emmanuel, Cavallo, Luigi, Cornelius, Jan Frederick, Messerer, Mahmoud, Daniel, Roy Thomas, Froelich, Sébastien, Mazzatenta, Diego, Meling, Torstein, Paraskevopoulos, Dimitrios, Roche, Pierre-Hugues, Schroeder, Henry W.S., Zazpe, Idoya, Voormolen, Eduard, Visocchi, Massimiliano, Kasper, Ekkehard, Schittenhelm, Jens, and Tatagiba, Marcos

Published
2023
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37. Nasal step

Author

Dembour, Victoria, primary, Cossu, Giulia, additional, Giammattei, Lorenzo, additional, Daniel, Roy Thomas, additional, and Messerer, Mahmoud, additional

Published
2022
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38. Case presentation

Author

Dembour, Victoria, primary, Cossu, Giulia, additional, Giammattei, Lorenzo, additional, Daniel, Roy Thomas, additional, and Messerer, Mahmoud, additional

Published
2022
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39. Sellar floor and durotomy

Author

Dembour, Victoria, primary, Cossu, Giulia, additional, Giammattei, Lorenzo, additional, Daniel, Roy Thomas, additional, and Messerer, Mahmoud, additional

Published
2022
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40. Cranial base reconstruction

Author

Dembour, Victoria, primary, Cossu, Giulia, additional, Giammattei, Lorenzo, additional, Daniel, Roy Thomas, additional, and Messerer, Mahmoud, additional

Published
2022
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42. Posterior clinoidectomy

Author

Dembour, Victoria, primary, Cossu, Giulia, additional, Giammattei, Lorenzo, additional, Daniel, Roy Thomas, additional, and Messerer, Mahmoud, additional

Published
2022
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43. Conclusion

Author

Dembour, Victoria, primary, Cossu, Giulia, additional, Giammattei, Lorenzo, additional, Daniel, Roy Thomas, additional, and Messerer, Mahmoud, additional

Published
2022
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44. Microdissection tumor resection

Author

Dembour, Victoria, primary, Cossu, Giulia, additional, Giammattei, Lorenzo, additional, Daniel, Roy Thomas, additional, and Messerer, Mahmoud, additional

Published
2022
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48. 496 Impact of the Mean Cochlear Biologically Effective Dose on Hearing Preservation After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma

Author

Tuleasca, Constantin, primary, Toma-Dasu, Iuliana, additional, Duroux, Sebastien, additional, George, Mercy, additional, Maire, Raphael, additional, Daniel, Roy, additional, Patin, David, additional, Schiappacasse, Luis, additional, Dasu, Alexandru, additional, Faouzi, Mohamed, additional, and Levivier, Marc, additional

Published
2024
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