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Corporate Industries apply new technologies for manufacturing and production applications. This makes the process depend upon multiple computers, robotic applications, and varying specifications, which reduces efficiency and speed. These technological challenges are incredibly diverse since an extensive range of processing technologies is available. When it comes to human-centered automation, it's all about the scientific knowledge and data encapsulation for robots to interact within this field. Robots must operate in various ecosystems and interact closely with non-professional customers. Current technology is not well adapted to this scenario, requiring sustainable management separated from available technology. In this article, the human-centered Industrial Robot using Artificial Intelligence (AI-HCIR) is suggested as a tool to resolve such issues. Several manufacturing protocols are presented to efficiently produce products that simplify human work and involve different needs. The HCIR scrutinizes it for time allocation and manufacturing time allocation. For this, a suitable processing environment and a detailed simulation is conducted. The proposed AI-HCIR achieves a 33.68% error rate, 24% throughput, and 18.7% efficiency in the smart city environment. In contrast with conventional methods, the proposed method obtains a better result efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveys were conducted to explore the Platygastroidea fauna in rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu during 2015-16 in three different rice growing zones viz., western zone, Cauvery delta zone and high rainfall zone. These resulted in collection of 731 individuals representing two families, four subfamilies, 15 genera and 22 species. Alpha and beta diversity were computed for the three zones and the diversity indices (Simpson's index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou's index) revealed that high rainfall zone is the most diverse, while Cauvery delta zone being the least. Fourteen species were collected from western zone ranks first in species richness. Gryon sp. nr. clavigralla was the predominant platygastroid in the rice ecosystem with a relative abundance of 15.2%. Comparison of species similarities between the zones revealed 28% similarity between western zone and high rainfall zone; 43% similarity between Cauvery delta zone and high rainfall zone; and 26% between western zone and Cauvery delta zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveys were conducted to explore the parasitic aculeate fauna in rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu in 2015-2016 in three different rice growing zones, viz., the western zone, the Cauvery delta zone and the high rainfall zone. The study recorded a total of 32 aculeates that represent 12 species under seven families belonging to three super families, viz., Apoidea (Apidae), Chrysidoidea (Bethylidae, Chrysididae, & Dryinidae), and Vespoidea (Mutillidae, Scoliidae, & Thiphiidae). Alpha and beta diversity were computed for the three zones and the diversity indices (Simpson's index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou's index) revealed the high rainfall zone as the most diverse zone, with the Cauvery delta zone being the least diverse. On comparing the species similarities using the Jaccard's index in between the three zones taken in pairs, it was found that 42 per cent similarity existed between the western and Cauvery delta zone and 11 per cent similarity between high rainfall and Cauvery delta zones and 16 per cent similarity between the high rainfall and western zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveys were conducted to explore the Ichneumonid fauna in rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu during 2015-16 in three different rice growing zones viz., western zone, Cauvery delta zone and high rainfall zone. Totally 604 Ichneumonid individuals were collected from rice ecosystem in the present study. These 604 individuals represent 14 subfamilies, 24 genera and 33 species. Alpha and beta diversity were computed for the three zones and the diversity indices (Simpson's index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou's index) revealed western zone as the most diverse zone, while Cauvery delta zone being the least diverse. Leptobatopsis indica was the dominant Ichneumonid species in the rice ecosystem with a relative abundance of 8.1%. On comparing the species similarities using the Jaccard's index among the three zones taken in pairs, it was found that 12 per cent similarity between Western and Cauvery delta zones and no similarity between high rainfall and Cauvery delta zones and 25 per cent similarity between high rainfall and western zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inventory of the diversity of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with rice agroecosystem of Indian subcontinent has revealed 377 species recorded so far. Of all the 377 species, only 6 per cent (22 Nos.) is represented by Aculeata and 94 per cent (355 Nos.) are Parasitica. These parasitoids fall under 206 genera belonging to 11 super families and 28 families. The eleven super families were, Apoidea (1), Chrysidoidea (16), Vespoidea (5), Ceraphronoidea (3), Chalcidoidea (171), Cynipoidea (2), Diaproidea (6), Evanoidea (3), Incheumonoidea (112), Platygastroidea (57) and Prototrupoidea (1). A total of 85 species of parasitoids were added in the list from the present study itself and 136 species were added in the existing check list by Dey et al (1999), which suggest that there is much scope in the aspect of studying the diversity of parasitic hymenopterans associated with rice ecosystems of India and to exploit them as biological control agents to make Indian agriculture less dependent on insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcididae and Pteromalidae are two economically and ecologically important parasitic hymenopteran families, which are naturally available in rice ecosystems keeping the pest population under check. Three insect sampling gadgets, the sweep net, yellow pan trap kept at ground level and yellow pan trap erected were assessed for the efficiency in collecting these parasitoids from rice ecosystems of three districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Coimbatore, Thiruvarur and Kanyakumari. Sweep net was found to be the most effective method in collecting parasitoids with a mean of 7.60 parasitoids per day. Sweep net was found to be superior in catching chalcidids, whereas both the sweep net and yellow pan trap kept at ground level are efficient in collecting the pteromalids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]