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The study was conducted in Dong Nai Reserve, specially protected natural area (SPNA), Vietnam. It aims to analyze and forecast forest land cover in the Reserve. For these purposes were studied satellite images (Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8) taken in 2003, 2011 and 2019. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to identify vegetation quality. Forest land cover was divided into 5 categories using maximum likelihood classifier algorithm. In order to detect and evaluate forest land cover changes, supervised classification and image differencing method are applied. Then, Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model was employed for making forecast of forest land cover in this area. The results of the study indicate that forest land cover change is being transformed in Dong Nai Reserve. According to our estimation, from 2003 to 2019, the area covered by woody vegetation increased by 7.0 %. By 2035, the area of broad-leaved forests will increase by 1.6 %, due to a decrease in areas of meadows and shrubs. The dynamics of increasing forest land is explained by the measures taken by the Vietnamese government to expand the area of forests in SPNA.

Дан анализ изменений растительного покрова лесных угодий в национальном парке «ХоангЛиен» во Вьетнаме с 2003 по 2019 г. с использованием методов дистанционного зондирования Земли (ДЗЗ) и ГИС-технологий. Для оценки растительного покрова использован метод нормализованного индекса растений NDVI. Выделенные лесные угодья классифицированы по категориям методом максимально- го правдоподобия в программе ENVI 5.3. Результаты подтверждают, что площадь смешанных лесов увеличилась с 77,8% в 2003 г. до 81,9% в 2019 г., а площадь лугов и кустарников сократилась с 16,8 до 12,5%. Таким образом, наблюдается общее восстановление древесной растительности.

With Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency being the most common enzyme disorder in human, there have been 184 discovered point mutations and several methods that have been applied for diagnosing this disease. However, these techniques often pose several major problems such as being time-consuming, low sensitivity and high cost. Recently, the High Resolution Melting (HRM) has been studied and proven to be effective for DNA genotyping, mutation scanning and sequence matching. Therefore, HRM has been chosen for diagnosing G6PD deficiency via Viangchan mutation in this study. In this study, a total of 56 dried blood spot samples (including six control samples which were known the exact genotype by sequencing and fifty unknown samples) were collected and extracted DNA by using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit. Primers for HRM analysis were designed through by the Umelt software. Then HRM optimization was carried out for annealing temperature of primers (Ta) and MgCl2 concentration on six control samples. The optimized HRM protocol with 2.5 μM of MgCl2 and Ta at 62oC was applied for fifty G6PD samples and then comparing with ARMS-PCR genotyping results for the validation process. In the final step, genotyping results were confirmed by sequencing. In a results, both sensitivity and specificity of this technique reached 100%. Based on these favorable outcomes, this study has successfully optimized the HRM conditions for diagnosing fifty G6PD samples. It was such an essential precondition that showed HRM could be applied for other types of G6PD through other types of mutations such as Canton mutation or continues to be developed for HRM-Multiplex reactions.

Longan witches’ broom (LgWB) syndrome was observed in all longan-growing provinces of Vietnam. Key symptoms include: small, stunted shoots with curved, rolled up margins, deformed leaves with blisters and hairy patches on the underside; abnormal development of flower structures, flower abortion, failure to produce fruits or developing small fruits. During 2012–2015, field surveys and study of the relationship between LgWB symptoms and Eriophyes dimocarpi mites presence were carried out. Moreover, molecular analysis, electron microscopy observations, E. dimocarpi inoculations, pruning of affected spikelets and miticide experiments were performed. An average of 36.58% of longan seedlings inoculated with E. dimocarpi mites showed typical symptoms of LgWB at about 27.5 days after inoculation. The use of several pesticides in different combinations showed high efficacy on E. dimocarpi mites elimination and of symptomatology incidence reduction. These results suggest a significant association of E. dimocarpi with LgWB syndrome in Vietnam.

Nui Ba Ra Protected Landscape is a specially protected natural area of Vietnam. Protected Landscape is located in Ba Ra Mountain, one of the three highest peaks in the southeast of the country. For monitoring purposes of forest land cover change, Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2A images taken in 1995, 2007 and 2019 were used. To assess the vegetation cover in the Protected Landscape, the Normalized Plant Index Method (NDVI) was used. Allocated forest land is categorized by maximum likelihood in ENVI 5.3. For each satellite image, a statistical analysis of forest land cover change was performed after classification. The results confirm that the area of meadows and shrubs increased from 2.6% in 1995 to 8.1% in 2019, and the area of mixed forests decreased from 96.0% to 89.2%. Thus, there is a general degradation of woody vegetation.

Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée adult had white insect into dark brown colour. Wings were marked by three small triangular with a pinkish to bluish colour mixed pinkish orangish or dark brown. L. orbonalis female dimension were about 9.6 – 12.3mm, the dimension of L.orbonalis male were 8.1 – 9.5mm. Eggs were 1.0 – 1.2mm in length and oval or elliptical shape. The incubation time was around 5.0 – 6.0 days. Larvae are developed by six stages of age, larvae development period lasts 10 – 12 days. Pupae were pink to dark pink in colour and shiny with the length, width were 11.47 – 15.33 mm, 4.40 – 6.45mm respectively. Pupae developed about 8 – 9 days. The life cycle of L. orbonalis lasted 25.30 ± 0.92 days. L. orbonalis feeding in laboratory had high hatching rate, just 9.36% were not hatched. The early stage of larvae had high death-rate (27.98%) mainly due to dispersion. The older larvae had lower death-rate (10.12%). Pupae had high developed rate, only 4.10% were not development. There were equal rate between male and female adult of L. orbonalis. Laying eggs period of female adult lasted 3 days, in there the first day was the highest laying rate (113 eggs/female/day). L. orbonalis densities were highest on the young shoot and fruit of eggplant at the stage after planting 95 – 150 days and was reduced in a after growing.

The study is conducted in Ba Be National Park which is the specially protected natural area (SPNA) of Vietnam. The paper analyzes changes and makes prediction of forest land cover in National Park. For these purposes satellite images (Landsat-5 and Landsat-8) acquired for the year of 1992, 2003 and 2019 were used. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to identify vegetation quality. Forest land cover was classified by 5 categories using maximum likelihood classifier algorithm. In order to detect and evaluate forest land cover change, supervised classification and image differencing method are applied. Then, Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model is employed predict of forest land cover in this area. The results of the study indicate that forest land cover change is being transformed in Ba Be National Park. According to our estimate, from 1992 to 2019, the area covered by woody vegetation increased by 1.1%. By 2035, the area of broad-leaved forests will increase by 9.7%, due to a decrease in areas of meadows and shrubs. The increase in forest cover protected areas is explained by the measures taken by the Vietnamese government to expand the forest area in the country.

Binh Chau - Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve is located in the tropical rainforest zone of southeast Vietnam. For monitoring purposes of forest land cover change in Reserve satellite images (Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2A) taken in 1988, 2003 and 2019 were used. NDVI was used for the estimation of vegetation quality. Forest land cover were classified by 5 categories using maximum likelihood classifier algorithm in ENVI 5.3. After classification, differentiation of forest land cover was analysed on every image. The results confirm that the area of meadows and shrubs increased from 16.3% in 1988 to 19.1% in 2019, and conversely, the area of broad-leaved forests decreased from 80.7% to 77.3%. Thus, there is a general degradation of forest vegetation.

The Cat Tien National Park in the south of Vietnam represents a protected ecological area. It is located in tropical rainforest zone. For monitoring purposes of forest land use/cover change of the park satellite images (Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2A) taken in 1988, 2003 and 2019 were used. NDVI was used for the estimation of vegetation quality. Forest land use/cover were classified by 5 categories using maximum likelihood classifier algorithm in ENVI 5.3. After classification, differentiation of forest land use/cover was analyzed on every image. Deforestation took place in 1988-2003 periods and broad-leaved forest areas have undergone reduction. Currently, new policies were introduced to reduce deforestation and therefore support free growth of tropical forest areas.

KEYWORDS ARMS-PCR. Case/Control. G6PD Deficiency. Viangchan. Vietnamese ABSTRACT As the most common missense mutation cause of G6PD deficiency in Vietnamese, Viangchan (Val291Met) mutation can be used as the marker for development of the molecular diagnostic to diagnose this disease. To confirm Viangchan as the marker for diagnosis a case/control study is carried out. This study confirmed the role of Viangchan mutation in G6PD deficiency in Vietnamese and indicate the necessary of development of new molecular method for diagnosis of the diseases replace the fluorescence test recently as their limitation in identify G6PD patients. An AMRS-PCR was designed to screen Viangchan mutation in a 318 cases and 210 controls sample set. The result showed that Viangchan mutation occupied 26.7% in the population in this study, while in the G6PD deficient population it occupied 24%. The association analysis showed that the risk allele A in this mutation is strongly associated with G6PD deficiency in Vietnamese Kinh population (OR = 42.8; 95% CI (13.5-135.5); p