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Mare domes (interpreted to be a type of shield volcano) represent one important endmember of a variety of volcanic edifices occurring across the volcanic plains on the Moon, whereas Ring‐Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) are interpreted to reflect the thermodynamic behavior of plain‐forming mare flows during their emplacement and cooling. A comprehensive study of the direct association between mare domes and RMDSs can not only provide deep insights into their formation mechanisms but also yield key information on the nature of mantle sources. We characterized a total of 200 mare domes and more than 6,400 RMDSs within Mare Tranquillitatis using multiple sets of imagery and topography data. RMDS‐bearing domes (80 out of 200) are on average larger than those hosting no RMDSs (average diameter 10.2 vs. 5.5 km) and have lower height/diameter (H/D) ratios (0.01 vs. 0.02) and flank slopes (1.2° vs. 2°). We attribute the presence of RMDSs on some domes to be due to relatively higher effusion rates forming longer thinner flows, producing favorable conditions for the formation of RMDSs. The average diameter of the RMDSs on mare domes (226 m, n = 1,027) appears to be slightly smaller than those located in mare plains (256 m, n = 527). This may be due to slope effects and that the relatively thicker off‐dome part of flows undergoes a relatively higher degree inflation process, producing slightly larger RMDSs. We adapt the RMDS‐formation theoretical model to shallow subcrustal magma reservoir model to account for the Tranquillitatis dome‐RMDS associations. Plain Language Summary: Ring‐moat dome structures (RMDSs) are common features across a large expanse of the lunar mare surface, but their nature is poorly understood. A key recent observation is that RMDSs have a close relationship with mare dome‐style volcanism, which represents a typical eruption style on the Moon, providing a useful window into the composition and geophysical evolution of the lunar interior. In this study, a total of 80 mare domes in Mare Tranquillitatis were found to be superimposed by varying numbers of RMDSs on their tops and flanks. RMDSs were also found in the maria surrounding these domes. The nature, correlation, and morphologic properties of the RMDSs and their host mare domes were measured. Based on new observations, a basalt flow emplacement scenario for the formation of both mare domes and associated volcanic features (e.g., RMDSs) related to dike‐closing in the late stages of eruptions is reviewed and updated to account for these observed associations. Key Points: The presence of RMDSs on some mare domes is attributed to be due to relatively higher effusion rates forming longer thinner flowsDike‐fed volcanic eruptions from the shallow subcrustal magma reservoirs are likely to favor the production of domes around the ventThe Tranquillitatis dome‐RMDS association can be explained by adapting the RMDS theoretical model to the shallow subcrustal magma reservoir model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous injury survey recall methods often use one-off questionnaires with varying periods of recall. These methods have proven to show injury incidence inaccuracies and limited information on injury etiology. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of a remote weekly self-report injury incidence and etiology tool. Methods: Two online questionnaires were developed based on the "Fit to Dance 2" survey and sent to volunteers. The first questionnaire was sent once and asked for complete injury history information. The second questionnaire was sent to each respondent on a weekly basis and it focused on new injuries and their causes and whether injuries that occurred in previous weeks were still affecting their dancing. The online survey was opened for full-time dance students from September 2020 to July 2021. All weekly data for each respondent were combined with a unique reference code using their account names, students' numbers, and schools' names. The proportion of participants who drop out is defined as the measurement of outcome. Results: A total of 756 respondents engaged in the survey from 16 different Chinese dance schools; the drop-out rate was 70.1%, with student respondents under 18 years old having a slightly lower drop-out rate than adult respondents (69%vs 71%). 33 respondents (4.4%) who completed all 30 weeks survey. These data allow other researchers to examine respondent compliance rates from a weekly survey. Conclusion: A reminder system and teacher engagement could potentially increase the response rate. For frequent completion questionnaires the design needs to be streamlined to increase compliance. It is concluded that the researchers would need to weigh reduced completion rates (<100%) against data efficacy to achieve generalizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater levels of physical fitness have been linked to improved dance performance and decreased injury incidence. The aim was to review the efficacy of physical fitness training on dance injury. The electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to search peer-reviewed published articles in English or Chinese. Studies were scored using Strength of the Evidence for a Conclusion and a risk bias checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial 2450 publications. These studies offered physical fitness training for professional (n=3) and pre-professional dancers (n=7), participant sample size ranged between 5 to 62, ages from 11 to 27 years, and most participants were females. Assessment scores were classified as Fair (n=1), Limited (n=7), and Expert Opinion Only (n=2) and risk of bias scores ranged from 22.7–68.2%. After physical fitness training, 80% of studies reported significant benefits in injury rate, the time between injuries, pain intensity, pain severity, missed dance activities and injury count. This review suggests that physical fitness training could have a beneficial effect on injury incidence in dance. The evidence is limited by the current study methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater levels of physical fitness have been linked to improved dance performance and decreased injury incidence. The aim was to review the efficacy of physical fitness training on dance injury. The electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to search peer-reviewed published articles in English or Chinese. Studies were scored using Strength of the Evidence for a Conclusion and a risk bias checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial 2450 publications. These studies offered physical fitness training for professional (n = 3) and pre-professional dancers (n = 7), participant sample size ranged between 5 to 62, ages from 11 to 27 years, and most participants were females. Assessment scores were classified as Fair (n = 1), Limited (n = 7), and Expert Opinion Only (n = 2) and risk of bias scores ranged from 22.7-68.2 %. After physical fitness training, 80 % of studies reported significant benefits in injury rate, the time between injuries, pain intensity, pain severity, missed dance activities and injury count. This review suggests that physical fitness training could have a beneficial effect on injury incidence in dance. The evidence is limited by the current study methodologies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (The Author(s). This article was originally published by Thieme in Int J Sports Med 2023; 44: 108–116 as an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)