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Spindle cell sarcoma (SCS) is a malignancy, with the most recent Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data citing a total of 250 reported cases occurring in the head and neck. Of these cases, none originated in the maxillofacial hard tissue. The diagnosis of SCS requires its differentiation from other sarcomas and spindle cell neoplasms. Therefore, a comprehensive review to reinforce its inclusion in oral and maxillofacial surgeons' differential diagnosis for osseous neoplastic pathology is desired. In the present case report, we have described a recurrent case of Maxillary Undifferentiated Spindle cell sarcoma in a 11 year old male child post chemoradiotherapy which was excised intoto successfully ., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Introduction: Women in India experience high rates of postpartum depression (PPD), with minimal availability of screening or treatment. India has an extensive network of community health workers, known as accredited social health activists (ASHAs). While they are knowledgeable about most maternal-child health problems, they have minimal knowledge about PPD. We trained ASHAs to deliver a simple home-based intervention, behavioral activation (BA), which involves individuals in activities that are sources of positive reinforcement to counter depression. The research questions guiding this study were as follows: 1) What are the feasibility and acceptability of ASHAs screening for and delivering a brief behavioral activation intervention addressing PPD among women in Belagavi, South India? 2) What impact did the brief behavioral activation intervention have on PPD?, Methods: The mixed methods evaluation used interviews with participants and interventionists, and depression scores were assessed before and after the evaluation. After a 2-day training with 17 ASHAs that focused on understanding PPD, screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and implementing the BA protocol, ASHAs and researcher supervisors screened the mothers 6-12 weeks postpartum presenting at pediatric immunization clinics. Mothers who screened positive were invited to participate in an ASHA-led 5-week BA intervention, with ASHAs visiting the mothers' homes. We assessed post-intervention EPDS scores and conducted satisfaction assessments and individual interviews., Results: All 26 women who screened positive on the EPDS agreed to be enrolled in the study. All participants had a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in PPD scores. Both ASHAs and mothers had high enthusiasm for the intervention methods and activities., Discussion: This ASHA-delivered BA intervention was found to be feasible, acceptable, and effective in treating PPD in rural Indian mothers. This corroborates literature that demonstrates the efficacy of a BA intervention among individuals with generalized depression in South Asia. In communities with minimal mental health resources, interventions led by trained community workers have the potential to address PPD., Competing Interests: The authors declare the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Szajna, Tekkalaki, Nandagaon, Udapi, Sogalad, Dandagi, Kole, Patil, Raddi, Short and Kelly.)

Background: Mandibular fracture is the second most common fracture of facial bone, next to nasal bone. Twenty-five to forty percent of mandibular fractures involve the condyle. In the literature, there exists no consensus "gold standard" treatment for mandibular condylar fractures, and there is a continuing debate on whether condylar fractures should undergo closed or open reduction., Materials and Method: Twenty patients who had undergone open reduction and closed reduction treatment were included in the study. Clinically maximal interincisal opening, laterotrusive and protrusive movements, pain on mouth opening, malocclusion, chin deviation on mouth opening, facial nerve palsy, hematoma, infected implant, and bite force were evaluated after a minimum of 3 months postoperatively. Also, a postoperative CT is done to evaluate the anatomical position of fragment., Results: On evaluation of clinical parameters, both groups had comparable results. However, none of the patients in open reduction group had deviation of mandible from midline on mouth opening. Also, better anatomical repositioning is obtained in open reduction group., Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the open reduction method is a better alternative to closed reduction in treatment of mandibular condylar fractures., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.)

Background: The free fibula flap (FFF) has proved to be an adequate adjunct tool in the reconstruction of defects following cancer ablation. Although various investigation tools in the past have been proved to be adequate to study the blood supply of the various trunks of arteries, for the survival of graft, the color Doppler flow study (CDF) can be done for the accurate examination of various perforators for the same in the lower limbs prior to its harvest., Materials and Methods: 40 patients were included in the study and were examined for free fibula flap tissue transfer via color Doppler study for the lower limb perforators., Results: In the study, the perforators that are musculocutaneous, septocutaneous and septomusculocutaneous were detected in 80 legs that were examined and all of them had adequate diameter to justify the fact that the graft can be taken for harvesting, except for only two cases where it was found that they were hypoplastic., Conclusion: CDF can be a reliable and informative tool in patients planned for free fibula tissue transfer. Also, the skin perforators can be mapped, so as to determine skin paddle inclusion., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interestNot applicable., (© The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2020.)

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, scarring, precancerous condition of oral mucosa which on progression causes severe trismus., Aim and Objectives: To compare and evaluate the efficiency of buccal fat pad, platysmal mucocutaneous flap, nasolabial flap, collagen membrane graft, split thickness skin graft and temporoparietal fascia in reconstruction of surgical defect created by excision of fibrous bands in oral submucous fibrosis., Results: After 6 months of follow-up, the interincisal mouth opening was 40.0 mm in case of buccal pad fat, 24.5 mm in temporoparietal fascia flap group, 33.8 in collagen membrane graft group, 34.5 mm in platysma flap group, 34.7 mm in nasolabial flap group, 29.3 mm in split thickness skin graft. ANOVA statistical analysis for postoperative interincisal distance at various time intervals and between pre-, intra- and postoperative interincisal distances were carried out which showed the results were significant at p value < 0.05 in all groups. No postoperative complications were noted in buccal fat pad group, split thickness skin graft group and collagen membrane group. However, platysmal group had flap necrosis and temporoparietal flap group patients had to undergo a second debulking procedure after one month., Conclusion: From our study, we concluded buccal fat pad yields superior results with respect to postoperative mouth opening and related complications., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2021.)

Introduction: A number of materials are used as grafts in vestibuloplasty like mucosal and skin grafts with several advantages and disadvantages. To circumvent the disadvantages of these grafts, biological membranes such as amnion membranes are often recommended., Materials and Methods: The objective of this study was to clinically assess the vestibular sulcus depth in vestibuloplasty using Clark's technique with and without amnion as graft material. Twenty edentulous patients underwent mandibular labial vestibuloplasty using Clark's technique. Amnion was used as graft material in 10 patients (group I) and no grafts used in remaining 10 patients (group II). The vestibular depth was evaluated at time intervals of 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months, postoperatively., Results: Mean postoperative vestibular depth after 3 months in group I and II were 10.0 ± 3.13 mm and 7.8±0.63 mm, respectively. Mean of 2.2 ± 2.50 mm increase in depth was achieved after 3 months in Group I., Conclusion: Amnion graft is a viable and reliable option that promotes early healing and maintains postoperative vestibular depth.