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BACKGROUND: Leukemia is the most common pediatric malignancy. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most commonly observed subtype. AIM: To assess cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with ALL post-treatment: chemotherapy-only (CT-only) or in combination with radiation therapy (CTRT). METHODS We searched in PubMed and PsycINFO (OvidSP). Relevant data were analyzed using statistical program Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2). RESULTS: 44 studies were included in the overall meta-analysis with a total of 5059 patients. A weighted mean IQ of 100.1 (95% CI 99.1-101.0) was found overall after ALL treatment. In subanalyses, we found for CT-only a weighted mean IQ of 100.7 (95% CI: 99.5-101.9) and for CTRT-treatment a weighted mean IQ of 98.2 (95%100.7 (95% CI: 96.3-100.3). There was no significant difference from the normative control (mean: 100.0; SD: 15). CONCLUSION: No significant cognitive sequelae were shown in childhood survivors of leukemia who were exposed to either CT-only or CTRT therapy. Prospective studies are needed with inclusion of pre-and post-treatment IQ measurements, ideally compared to age and socio-economic status matched control groups.

© 2018 Uitgeverij Boom. All rights reserved. Background : An N-of-1 trial is a clinical trial studying the response of an individual to a particular intervention or different interventions in an objective, systematic way. Aim: To evaluate both the applications and the methodology of N-of-1 trials in child and adolescent psychiatry. Method: A systematic review using PubMed and Embase assessing N-of-1 trials published during the period 1986 -July 2016 with the following key-word:'N-of-1'. results 20 articles were induded. AII articles used N-of-1 trials to evaluate the effect of stimulant medications in children and adolescents with adhd. Most articles recommended the use of the N-of-1 methodology in clinical practice, despite the large variation in methodology and in outcome interpretation of N-of-1 trials.The 20 articles didn't meet the current quality standards for N-of-1 trials. Conclusion: Despite the advantages of N-of-1 trials, the applications in child and adolescent psychiatry turn out to be rather limited and specific. N-of-1 trials have more to offer regarding both clinical practice and research in child and adolescent psychiatry. If the methodological recommendations are sufficiently met, N-of-1 trials could provide a useful and applicable tool for the child-And adolescent psychiatrist to offer individual patient care. ispartof: Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie vol:60 issue:5 pages:315-325 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

ACHTERGROND Jongeren en volwassenen met adhd en autismespectrumstoornis (ass) worden regelmatig geconfronteerd met stigmatisering. Dit werd reeds uitvoerig aangetoond wat betreft publiek stigma, maar veel minder voor negatieve berichtgeving in de media, een vorm van structureel stigma. DOEL Exploreren van (verschillen in) structureel stigma in de berichtgeving over adhd en ass in Vlaamse dagbladen. METHODE Op basis van de onlinedatabestanden van 7 Vlaamse dagbladen werden artikelen, gepubliceerd tussen 2010 en 2014, over adhd (n = 772) en ass (n = 1940) geselecteerd. Deze artikelen werden gecategoriseerd wat betreft domein van berichtgeving (bijv. symptomen, epidemiologie of medicamenteuze behandeling) en strekking (nl. positief, neutraal en negatief). RESULTATEN Er kon significant meer negatieve dan neutrale/positieve berichtgeving vastgesteld worden over adhd dan over ass (or 2,1). Deze bevinding was het meest uitgesproken in de domeinen symptomen (or 8,42), diagnostiek (or 2,28) en medicamenteuze behandeling (or 9,40). Bovendien werd – uitsluitend voor adhd – vastgesteld dat de titel negatiever was dan het eigenlijke artikel (χ2(2) = 22,454; p < 0,001). CONCLUSIE Deze bevindingen tonen de noodzaak aan om negatieve en al zeker foutieve berichtgeving over symptomen, diagnostiek en medicamenteuze behandeling van adhd en – in mindere mate – ass bij te sturen en te corrigeren met het oog op zowel de media als hun lezers.

BACKGROUND: Children and adults with adhd and autism spectrum disorder (asd) often find themselves being stigmatised. There is ample evidence of public stigma, but much less is known about negative coverage in the media, a phenomenon that can be regarded as a form of structural stigma. AIM: To explore the different types of structural stigma that characterise the coverage of adhd and asd in Flemish newspapers. METHOD: We used the online databases of seven Flemish newspapers in order to select articles on adhd (n=772) and asd (n=1940) published between 2010 and 2014. We divided these articles into separate categories relating to the domain of coverage (e.g. symptomatology, epidemiology, medical treatment) and valence (i.e. positive, neutral and negative). RESULTS: We found significantly more negative than neutral/positive coverage of adhd than of asd (or 2.1). This finding was most striking in the domains of symptomatology (or 8.42), diagnostics (or 2.28) and medical treatment (or 9.40). Furthermore, with respect to articles specifically on adhd, the title of the article was significantly more negative than the actual message in the main article itself (χ2(2)=22.454, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings show that Flemish newspapers need to adjust and correct their negative and inaccurate portrayal of symptomatology, diagnostics and treatment of adhd and, to a lesser extent, of asd. Readers of these newspapers also need to be given a less negative impression of adhd and asd. ispartof: Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie vol:59 issue:5 pages:269-277 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

A panel of experts from several European countries has accomplished a systematic review of published and unpublished data on the use of long-acting medications in ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder. Based on this analysis detailed recommendations about the use of these drugs in practice have been developed: (1) Long-acting preparations should be licensed and used; (2) They should not completely replace short-acting drugs (which will be the initial treatment for many children in view of cost and the greater flexibility of dosing). Individual clinical choices are necessary. (3) Both ATX and extended-release stimulants should be available. In addition, detailed recommendations will be made with regard to the criteria to be applied in choosing a preparation for the individual patient. © 2008 by Verlag Hans Huber, Hogrefe AG.