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This volume compiles a selection of papers that were originally presented at the international conference, Art and Politics in Europe in the Modern Period, held at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb from June 29 to July 2, 2016. The main aim of the conference, and therefore of this volume as well, was to establish a comprehensive perspective on the intricate relationships between art and political regimes as seen from various vantages and based on different discourses (governmental, social, economic, religious, gender, ethnic and the like) in the period from the 15th century until the present.

In the last decade, Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced cement-based Composites (UH- PFRC) have been increasingly implemented for rehabilitation and strengthening purposes, rendering outstand-ing results. The ease of application, along with their superior mechanical and durability properties against othercementitious materials, constitute the drivers for their successful application. Despite this field being thoroughlyexplored and extensive literature already being available with respect to concrete and UHPFRC solutions, withparticular focus on bridges or maritime environments, research on UHPFRC combined with steel in structuressuch as steel decks or railway bridges has only recently surfaced. This paper provides an example of the latter:the Buna Bridge in Croatia is a 9m non- ballasted railway steel bridge built in 1893, and repaired in 1953 al-beit no longer in operation. The structure was transported in a laboratory setting for testing, envisioning a laterstrengthening by a prefabricated UHPFRC slab, connected to the original structure by means of steel studs.Dynamic and static test will be performed prior and after rehabilitation in order to compare the efficiency of thesolution and in particular the bond between the two materials. A detailed analysis on fatigue will be developed, based on the updated Finite Element model obtained form the results of the test, helping to deliver an appropri-ate design for the future strengthening. The results summarize the effective capacity of the girder and estimate the extension in the residual life of the beam on the basis of prediction of fatigue accumulation under regular operational conditions.

Project on “Harmonization of landslide data and training of municipalities for its monitoring (BEyond landslide aWAREness) BEWARE“, was implemented by the Geological Survey of Serbia, and the University of Belgrade Faculty of Mining and Geology during 2015-2016. The Project partners were UNDP Office in Serbia, Ministry of Mining and Energy and Agency for Public Investments of the Republic of Serbia. The overall aim of BEWARE project was to standardize post-event landslide database and closely involve local community of 27 municipalities affected by May 2014 flooding and landslides episode in Serbia (Figure 1a, 1c), and prepare them to cope with catastrophic events in the future. In this paper, we are presenting main BEWARE project activities and results implemented in local communities of Serbia after the May 2014 event.

Dodavanjem čeličnih vlakana u beton poboljšavaju se njegova svojstva pri zamoru. Opisana su eksperimentalna istraživanja betonskih elemenata s recikliranim čeličnim vlaknima pri cikličkom opterećenju. Prikazani su proračunski modeli zamora prema fib Model Code 2010, ACI 215 i JSCE smjernicama. Rezultati proračunskih modela uspoređeni su s rezultatima eksperimentalnog istraživanja. Uočeno je da, u pravilu, svi proračunski modeli podcjenjuju eksperimentalno određenu otpornost betona pri zamoru. Dan je prijedlog korekcije fib Model Code modela.

Glued-in rods (GiR) are an effective way to connect timber elements from both load bearing capacity/stiffness and aesthetic point of view. This method is also widely accepted as a method for reinforcement of the new and existing timber structures. Although GiR are widely used in timber structures, there is still no unified European test standards, product standards or design equations for such connections. At present, there are several test methods and procedures applied in research and development. In this paper two different methods for obtaining pull-out strength are presented. Furthermore, experimental investigation was conducted and results obtained from both methods are mutually compared. Pull – compression test procedure is the most common setup for experimental investigation, however this setup is sometimes not representative and it is often characterized as unreliable because it does not quite good correspond to practical applications. The second examined test procedure was pull-pull. Within the experimental investigation, total number of 36 specimens were tested and results obtained from both methods are shown, discussed and compared in this paper.

Testing procedure for determining shear modulus of elastomeric bearings consists of two bearings subjected to a combination of compressive and cyclic shear loading. This paper offers a solution of the method where compressive force is applied in the horizontal direction with a hydraulic cylinder while the cyclic shear loading is applied in the vertical direction with a static testing machine. Even though compressive load has a significant influence on the testing machine design, it is applied merely to prevent the slippage of the bearings and has a minor influence on the resulting value of shear modulus.

The investigation plans included the testing of the force magnitude in all the suspenders of the downstream and upstream bridge section, then the investigation of the force magnitude in main cables, and dynamic investigation of the bridge at excitation through live load and wind. The investigation of the force magnitude in suspenders was conducted using resonant dynamic method, and by measuring natural frequencies of suspenders' transversal oscillation. The force magnitude in the suspenders and main cables was determined on the basis of correlation between natural oscillation frequency and the stress. Results were given as comparison of forces for the years 2009 and 1993.

Classical ballasted railway track consists of rails and sleepers, connected by fastenings and ballast as their support. The role of sleepers is to transfer the loads from rails to ballast foundation. This paper is focused on experimental testing of monoblock pre-stressed concrete sleeper type B70 at the rail seat section (RSS). Sleepers are statically and dynamically tested for the positive bending moment at the RSS and statically for the negative bending moment at the centre section. As a part this research, fatigue testing at the RSS was also conducted.

The influence of stresses resulting from weld misalignment in cylindrical shell circumferential weld joint on the shell integrity has been considered. The stresses have been estimated analytically by API recommended practice 579 and calculated numerically by using the finite element method. Surface circumferential crack has been assumed perpendicular to the principal stress at the location of maximum stress. Failure assessment procedure has been performed for the most dangereous situation (e = 8 mm) varying the crack depth to thickness ratio as a/t = 0, 4 ; 0, 45 ; and 0, 5. Critical internal pressure values for these cases have been found by using of FAD diagrams.

In this paper, a weld defect in the butt weld according to the EN ISO 6520-1, Series 400, is considered. By inspection of welds it is found that there are several joints with the same weld defect, but only the most critical is analysed. R6 procedure /1/ has been used to find critical depth of crack assuming that the crack is located on the whole butt weld circumferentially. The crack is assumed perpendicular to the vector of principal stress σ1 at the location of its maximum. The stress which leads to the yielding of the remaining ligament and the corresponding stress intensity factor values are calculated by using finite element method based software. Characteristic fracture toughness values for pipe and elbow material are estimated from Charpy toughness. Several various crack depths are analysed, and all pairs of loading path points (Kr, Lr) lie in the safe area within the FAD diagram, so it is necessary to find the critical point of intersection with the material curve in the FAD diagram. It has been concluded that failure pressures equal limit pressures.

A large number of ancient structures in Croatia are located in the coastal area where the safety of structures is decreased due to aggressive marine environment. There are s everal cultural heritage structures which are continuously monitored by Faculty of Civil Engineering at the University of Zagreb. One of such application of long-term structural health monitoring system on cultural heritage structures is presented in this paper. This monitoring system is a part of conservation, restoration and reconstruction procedures which were performed during the last ten years on the part of Diocletian’s palace in Split. Installation of the monitoring system was carried out in two phases: first phase of the research included assessment of embedded material, bearing stone and copper clamps and in the second stage monitoring system was installed, which is based on continuous static measurement of displacement, strain and temperature. Data recordings as well as software support are available at remote location via the internet. Aim of monitoring is early detection of structural damage, that timely alert the system and in such way enables prevention of further degradation of the structure.

Noise produced by passing railway vehicles can have a negative impact on its surroundings. Thus all new and renewed railway vehicles in the European Union are subjected to noise emission regulations described in the Technical Specifications for Interoperability, chapter noise (TSI Noise). Critical component of railway noise on conventional railway lines is the noise produced by the wheel – rail interaction, which greatly depends on the state of the railway track itself. In order to evaluate the railway track as suitable for typical noise measurements of rail vehicles, it has to accommodate certain European standards prescribed by the TSI Noise. Since 2011, TSI Noise included EN 15461:2008 standard for measuring track dynamic properties. This paper provides analysis of dynamic properties of a newly reconstructed railway track on a section of railway line M201 (SB – Botovo – Dugo Selo) in Croatia. It is a first measurement of this kind on Croatian Railways which provided preliminary results for further measurements of track decay rates. Beside the FRF analysis according to the standard, further analysis of noise and vibrations provided valuable information on rail resonant frequency.

The aim of this study was to determine the time period required for plant germination, growth and development of two types of sage under controlled conditions and different growing substrates. Common and flower species of sage were used in the research. Garden soil and universal substrate Florosan were used as substrates. The obtained results indicate that the flower sage has a faster plant and flower growth in the first year, while the common sage grows a bit slower and flowering in the second year. The obtained results indicate that sage has successfully growth on both types of substrate, but there are differences in sage species.

The author will speak about the erection of memorials to victims of World War I on the territory of Croatia during the war. The idea of memorials as a way of ‘honouring heroes’ appeared during the war, and for this purpose the Imperial and Royal Office for the Promotion of Crafts in Vienna (Kunstverlag Schröll und Kopm) issued a work entitled ‘Soldatengräber und Kriegsdenkmale’. It contained a series of developed blueprints for memorials and individual and mass graves, in rural or urban areas, lowlands or highlands, and made from any possible material. In 1916, a public debate developed about what kind of memorials should be erected in honour of fallen heroes. Military circles proposed classic memorials, i.e. a single memorial post or plaque for each soldier, on his native soil. They also proposed the construction of a monumental collective memorial in the centre of municipalities or villages, where every local fallen soldier would be commemorated in some small way. Civilian circles considered the proposal of individual memorials very inappropriate due to the economic conditions in the country, and advocated a completely different model – investing funds raised through various charities to erect homes for orphans of fallen soldiers. Based on her research, the author will try to determine to what extent the mentioned efforts were successful as well as the role of state institutions in erecting war memorials.

Prije početka mjerenja konstukcija se nalazi u nekom stanju koje u pravilu nije stanje mirovanja pa problem pri uspoređivanju rezultata mjerenja i predviđanja modela može biti nepoznavanje početnih uvjeta konstrukcije (pomak i brzina točaka u kojima mjerimo). U ovom radu se bavimo određivanjem početnih uvjeta oscilirajuće konstrukcije, iz mjerenja pomaka u vremenu, a koja u trenutku mjerenja nije pod djelovanjem sile. Problem se opisuje matrično, preko matrice mjerenja. Primjer koji se prikazuje je homogeni sustav s jednom masom, sa ili bez prigušenje u sistemu. Pretpostavka je da su mjerenja potpuno točna, tj., nemamo greške mjerenja. Postupak se može proširiti na sustave s više masa, na nehomogene probleme, uz uključen tretman greške mjerenja, ali se to proširenje, zbog ograničenja prostora, ovdje ne prikazuje. Svi primjeri riješeni su na HP Prime kalkulatoru kao ilustracija upotrebljivosti sofisticiranog kalkulatora u nastavi na tehničkim fakultetima.

Many buildings in Zagreb were built before the first seismic codes appeared in the region, thus, the separation gaps between buildings were not constructed in accordance with modern seismic rules and regulations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate potentially detrimental effect of pounding on the existing structures and consequently, improve current building seismic vulnerability database of the city, located in seismically active zone. Several adjacent buildings were investigated, representing three categories: eccentrically located adjacent buildings, buildings in rows and buildings with different heights. Three-dimensional numerical models of buildings were constructed on the basis of “as built” structures, calibrated with the results of ambient vibration testing. In everyday practice, adjacent buildings are often analysed as detached units. Therefore, results obtained by time-history analysis of numerical models with separation gaps defined as nonlinear link elements, were compared to the results of analyses performed using traditional methods (response spectrum and equivalent static forces) on adjoining buildings modelled as standalone structures and rigidly connected adjacent structures. Analyses results show that pounding has different influence on analysed buildings from the three categories: eccentrically located adjacent buildings are the most threatened, followed by buildings with different heights, while buildings in rows are the least vulnerable.

Četiri fakulteta izvode studije strojarstva u Republici Hrvatskoj: Fakultet strojarstva i brodogradnje, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet elektrotehnike, strojarstva i brodogradnje, Sveučilište u Splitu, Strojarski fakultet u Slavonskom Brodu, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku i Tehnički fakultet, Sveučilište u Rijeci. Svi fakulteti ustrojeni su na način da osiguravaju kvalitetno izvođenje nastave i izobrazbu studenata na preddiplomskoj, diplomskoj i doktorskoj razini. U posljednje vrijeme sve se više primjećuje potreba za normiranjem kompetencija inženjera strojarstva radi olakšavanja mobilnosti studenata, ostvarenja bolje prepoznatljivosti prvostupnika i magistara inženjera te doktora znanosti u ovom području, a što je moguće ostvariti uređenjem sustava kvalifikacija kroz Hrvatski kvalifikacijski okvir. U okviru aktivnosti na projektu ME4CataLOgue, stoga se prišlo izradi kataloga znanja, vještina i kompetencija za studije strojarstva u Republici Hrvatskoj. U ovom radu dan je cjeloviti pregled aktivnosti pri izradi Kataloga, utjecajnih faktora na razvoj ishoda učenja, kronologija aktivnosti, analiza razvijenih skupova ishoda učenja te općenito iskustava ostvarenih zajedničkim radom tima stručnjaka koji su sudjelovali u njegovoj izradi.