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In this paper, the problem of H∞fault detection for two-dimensional (2D) discrete Markovian jump systems is investigated. The mathematical model of 2D Markovian jump systems is established upon the well-known Fornasini-Marchesini (F-M) second model. Our purpose is to design a fault-detection filter for generating a residual signal which can be used to decide whether or not a fault has occurred in the system. Based on an H∞performance condition, the full-order and reduced-order fault detection filters are designed in a unified framework. The corresponding fault detection filter parameters can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical results.