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To compare women’s emotional responses with that of men’s with disability 2. To identify various factors as precursors/reasons of the emotional responses. A prospective survey study was conducted on a convenience sample of persons with disabilities attending various departments of NIOH. Both male and female patients were interviewed and The Loss Inventory was used to identify the emotional responses. T-test was done to know the difference between the emotional responses of men and women patients. There was a statistically significant difference (p-0.002) between the Loss Inventory score of the male and female participants in the study. Women participants endorsed few items of Loss Inventory Questionnaire more than the men participants with disability. Through the interview and the reports of the patient various factors like inability to fulfill the role of a homemaker, difficulty maintaining marriage, poverty, altered body image, are identified to be the precursors/reasons for the emotional responses of women with physical disability. The result of the study showed that both men and women showed varying intensities of emotional responses to physical disability. Women showed more intensity of emotional responses in comparison to men with physical disability. The result of the study may enhance the rehabilitation professional awareness regarding the emotional problems of women with physical disability and thus increasing the sensitivity while diagnosing and treating women with disability.

Background: There is a direct relationship exists between hemiplegic walking speed and functional limitations, both in household and community ambulation. Walking after stroke is characterized by slow gait speed, poor endurance, and change in the quality and adaptability of walking patterns. Side stability, symmetrical weight-bearing, and backward motor control ability are required to improve walking function. Objective: To investigate whether a combination of backward and side walking training is effective in improving walking speed and walking endurance in patients with poststroke hemiparesis. Study Design: An experimental randomized controlled study design. Methods: A total of 56 patients with poststroke hemiparesis fulfilling inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Patients in the experimental group received 30 min of backward and side walking training of 15 min each. The patients in the control group received conventional occupational therapy for 30 min. Walking speed was assessed by walking endurance was evaluated by 10-m walk test (MWT) (and walking endurance was evaluated by 6MWT. Follow-up assessment was performed after 6 weeks of intervention. Results: In the within-group comparisons, both experimental and control groups showed significant differences postintervention (P

Statement of the Problem: Upper limb hemiparesis is a common impairment underlying disability after Stroke. Transfer of treatment to daily functioning remains a question for traditional approaches used in treatment of upper extremity hemiparesis. Approaches based on Motor Learning principles may facilitate the transfer of treatment to activities of daily living. Methodology: Forty one subjects with chronic stroke, attending department of occupational therapy, National Institute for the Orthopaedically Handicapped, Kolkata, West Bengal, India participated in a single blinded randomized pre-test and post-test control group training study. Subjects were randomized over three intervention groups receiving modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (n = 13), Bilateral Arm training (n = 14), and an equally intensive conventional treatment program (n = 14). Subjects in the bilateral arm training group participated in bilateral symmetrical activities, where as subjects in constraint induced movement therapy group performed functional activities with the affected arm only and conventional group received conventional Occupational Therapy. Each group received intensive training for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment measures included the Fugl-Meyer measurement of physical performance (FMA- upper extremity section), action research arm test, motor activity log. Assessments were administered by a rater blinded to group assignment. Result: Both m-CIMT (p = 0.01) and bilateral arm training (p = 0.01) group showed statistically significant improvement in upper extremity functioning on Action Research Arm Test score in comparison to the conventional therapy group (p = 0.33). The bilateral arm training group had significantly greater improvement in upper arm function (Proximal Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, p = 0.001); while the constraint induced movement therapy group had greater improvement of hand functions (Distal Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, p = 0.001. There is an improvement seen in Quality of movement in the Conventional Therapy group. (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Both the treatment techniques can be used for upper extremity management in patients with chronic stroke. Bilateral arm training may be used to improve upper arm function and m-CIMT may be used to improve hand functions, while the group that received modified constraint induced movement therapy had greater improvement.

Objective: To investigate the effect of token economy-a behaviour therapy technique for controlling drooling in children with cerebral palsy associated with mild intellectual disability. Methodology: A total number of 25 children with cerebral palsy associated with mild intellectual disability attending the occupational therapy department of Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research (SVNIRTAR), Orissa, India, participated in a single blind randomized pre-and post-test control group training study. Subjects were randomly allocated to group A (experimental n=12) and group B (control n=13). Baseline frequency of drooling was observed by two independent raters for 20 minutes for both the groups. After the baseline data collection, subjects in group A received conventional therapy along with behaviour therapy (token economy) and group B received conventional therapy alone. Results: The result showed that there was a significant decrease in frequency of drooling after application of token economy as a behaviour modification technique in the experimental group (P=0.001) as compared to the control group (P=0.070). Conclusion: The result of the study demonstrated that the token economy program was effective in controlling drooling in children with cerebral palsy associated with mild intellectual disability.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of task related circuit training on walking ability in a Multiple Sclerosis subject. Design Single case study of a man diagnosed with moderate primary progressive type of multiple sclerosis. Method Baseline measurement of lower limb muscle strength, speed test, Timed "Up and Go" test and 6-minute walk test, Modified fatigue impact scale and Expanded Disability Status Score were taken. After baseline measurement, subject was explained the sequence of tasks to be used in circuit training and the subject was given task related circuit training for 12 weeks. Post training measurements for all the outcome measures were taken. Setting Department of Occupational Therapy, NIOH, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Participant A 34 -year -old male. Intervention Task related Circuit training for a session of 45 minutes, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Results The subject showed improvement in speed test, step test, 6-minute Walk Test. Also, fatigue was reduced. The walking ability of the subject improved, with increase in muscle strength, endurance, and physical fitness. Conclusion Task-related circuit training is effective in improving muscle strength and endurance, and in decreasing the fatigue of the subject thereby improving the subject's ability to walk.

Walking difficulty of childhood stroke due to Moya-moya disease needs functional rehabilitation to recover to a normal state of walking. Task related circuit training program is one of the rehabilitation programs that improve functional strength of lower limb muscles to aid in improved walking ability. This case report aimed at investigating the effectiveness of task related circuit training on walking ability of a 9 years old female child diagnosed with stroke due to Moya-moya Disease. The child was attending Indoor rehabilitation services, Department of Occupational Therapy, National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities, Kolkata, West Bengal. Baseline measurement of the child’s lower limb muscle strength, 10m walk test, 6-minute walk test was done prior to the circuit training. After baseline measurement, the child was explained the sequence of tasks to be used in circuit training and was given individualized task related circuit training for a session of 45 minutes, 3 days per week for 08 weeks. Post training the child showed improvement in lower limb muscle strength, 10m walk test (walking speed) and 6-minute walk test (walking endurance), thereby an improved walking ability.