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Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) is economically important worldwide and is native from Australia. Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is an insect that causes damages in eucalyptus plantations. Field observations show that highly infested plants (susceptible), less infested plants (less susceptible), and non-infested plants (resistant) can coexist at the same eucalyptus cultivation area. The aim of this study was to compare the preferences of Glycaspis brimblecombei with Eucalyptus spp. essential oil composition, evaluating the thermal behavior and searching for repellent compounds using chromatography. Simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA–DTA) results suggest that the less volatile essential oils were obtained from more resistant eucalyptus, with total mass loss temperature between 168 and 176 oC. This behavior is due to the ratio between monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in essential oils. Furthermore, D-limonene, caryophyllene, geranyl acetate, and other compounds may be correlated to the resistance against the insect. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed that susceptible samples had the highest concentrations of eucalyptol (77.0% and 49.8%) and lower concentration (3 and 9%) and variability of sesquiterpenes (7 and 10 compounds); additionally, they did not present β-guaiene, calamenene, α-copaene, α-terpinyl acetate, 1,4-cadinadiene, D-limonene, and caryophyllene in their essential oil composition. The eucalyptus resistance against Glycaspis brimblecombei is related to concentration and variability of sesquiterpenes, as well as the presence of specific compounds.

Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor,1985 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) é um psilídeo que tem como hospedeiro o eucalipto, originário da Austrália, foi introduzido no Brasil em meados da década de 1990. Devido à escassez de informações a respeito da biologia desse inseto, este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer o efeito da temperatura no desenvolvimento e reprodução do psilídeo sob condições de laboratório. O experimento foi realizado entre 2018 e 2019, em câmaras climatizadas reguladas em cinco temperaturas (15, 20, 25, 30 e 35°C). Os parâmetros observados nessa etapa do experimento foram: período de desenvolvimento dos ovos (número de dias, da postura até a eclosão); taxa de eclosão de imaturos; desenvolvimento de imaturos; taxa de emergência de adultos; longevidade, o período (em dia) de postura até a morte dos adultos da primeira geração (F1). Como resultado obteve-se o ciclo completo nas temperaturas 20, 25 e 30oC, com duração média de 32,78, 27,76 e 28,44 dias, respectivamente. Para a geração F1, não foram observadas postura na temperatura 30ºC, enquanto em 20 e 25ºC, a fecundidade média das fêmeas foi de 19,04 e 26,40, respectivamente. A duração média do período de incubação de ovos foi de 6,70 (20ºC) e 5,59 dias (25ºC). Portanto, infere-se que as temperaturas 15 e 35ºC são limitantes para o desenvolvimento do inseto, pois, durante o estudo, os imaturos de Blastopsylla occidentalis não completaram o ciclo de desenvolvimento. A faixa de temperatura ótima para o desenvolvimento e reprodução foi entre 20 e 25ºC, sendo que em 25ºC foi a temperatura em que o inseto apresentou menor mortalidade em todas as fases, menor tempo de desenvolvimento e maior número médio de ovos/dias. Espera-se que esses resultados sirvam para conduzir estudos para a aplicação de técnicas de manejo para eventual controle da espécie.

Twelve Ctenarytaina species with confirmed or suspected associations with Syzygium are revised. The following six new species are diagnosed, described and illustrated: Ctenarytaina baliota Burckhardt sp. nov. (from Malaysia: Sabah), C. daleae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), C. loebli Burckhardt sp. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah), C. melanota Burckhardt sp. nov. (South Africa), C. picea Burckhardt sp. nov. (Thailand) and C. taylori Burckhardt sp. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah). One new generic synonym is proposed (Ctenarytaina = Eurhinocola syn. nov.) as are two new combinations: Ctenarytaina aurata (Li), comb. nov. from Neophyllura, and Ctenarytaina gravelyi (Crawford), comb. nov. from Eurhinocola. A key is provided to adults and, as far as known, to the fifth instar immatures. Two African species (Ctenarytaina fomenae Tamesse and C. melanota sp. nov.) induce witches’ broom on their hosts. Confirmed host plants of Ctenarytaina species are from Syzygium (6 spp.), Eucalyptus (5 spp.) and other Myrtaceae, as well as from one genus in each of the families Onagraceae, Rutaceae and Theaceae. More than two thirds of the species with confirmed hosts are monophagous, the others are narrowly oligophagous. About one fifth of the described Ctenarytaina species have adventive populations outside their natural range. Key words: adventive, distribution, host plant, Phytoplasma, Spondyliaspidinae, Sternorrhyncha, taxonomy, witches’ broom

Imaturos e adultos de psilídeos causam diversos danos às plantas, pela sucção de seiva e injeção de toxinas o que induz, muitas das vezes, à deformação de folhas e brotações, levando a necrose, senescência de folhas e em algumas espécies, a formação de galhas. Dentre eles, o gênero Diclidophlebia Crawford, contém 25 espécies descritas sendo que sete delas atacam Melastomatacea. Miconia sellowiana é uma planta pioneira, com ampla distribuição e, no Paraná é encontrada em várias regiões fitogeográficas. Este trabalho apresenta dados relativos à flutuação populacional de uma espécie de Diclidophlebia sp. em M. sellowiana. O presente trabalho foi realizado na “Reserva Mata Viva” do Centro Politécnico da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Curitiba, PR. Coletas quinzenais entre maio/2018 e julho/2019 foram realizadas para obtenção de ovos, imaturos e adultos do psilídeo. Os dados meteorológicos (temperatura, umidade e precipitação) foram obtidos do Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná – Simepar. Foram obtidos 1.013 ovos, 866 imaturos e 1.101 adultos. A presente pesquisa permitiu ampliar a compreender sobre a flutuação populacional de Diclidophlebia sp.. Os resultados mostraram que as baixas temperaturas são favoráveis para a produção de ovos e adultos do psilídio, mas não afeta os imaturos. Os demais fatores climáticos analisados não tiveram influência em nenhuma fase do ciclo de vida do Diclidophlebia sp., apesar de ocorrem baixas coletas no período mais chuvoso. Além disso, pelo fato de a espécie ter sido coletada em todas as fases de desenvolvimento e em todos os meses do ano fica evidenciando o seu polivoltinismo. Palavras-chave: Entomologia Florestal. Liviinae. Melastomatacea. Abstract Immatures and adults of psyllids cause several damages to the plants, by the sap suction and toxins injection which often lead to the leaves and buds deformation, necrosis, leaves senescence and in some species, the galls formation. Among them, the genus Diclidophlebia Crawford, containing 25 described species, seven of which attack Melastomatacea. Miconia sellowiana is a pioneer plant, with wide distribution and, in Paraná it is found in several phytogeographic regions. This work presents data related to the population fluctuation of a species of Diclidophlebia sp. in M. sellowiana. The present work was carried out in “Reserva Mata Viva” of Polytechnical Center of Federal University of, in Curitiba – PR. Biweekly collections between May/2018 and July/2019 were carried out to obtainimmature and adults eggs. Meteorological data (temperature, humidity and precipitation) were obtained from the Paraná Meteorological System - Simepar. During the experiment, 1,013 eggs, 866 immature and 1,101 adults were obtained. This research allowed us to broaden our understanding of the population fluctuation of Diclidophlebia sp.. The results showed that low temperatures are favorable for the eggs and adults production of the psyllid, but it does not affect the immature ones.The other climatic factors analyzed had no influence on any stage of the life cycle of Diclidophlebia sp., despite low collections in the rainiest period. In addition, due to the fact that the species was collected in all the development stages and in all months of the year, evidencing thus its polyvoltinism. Keywords: Forest Entomology. Liviinae. Melastomatacea.

The introduction of Australian psyllids to non-native ranges across the globe is continually increasing. This is due to an increase in global trade and human movement, exacerbated by climate change...

Abstract - Cydianerus latruncularius Perty (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were observed associated with trumpet trees (Handroanthus spp.) in Brasília, Brazil, in 2019. To contribute with information about their habits and damage, 15 trees (Handroanthusimpetiginosus = 7, H. roseoalbus = 4, and Tabebuiarosea = 4) were evaluated and 31 individuals of C. latruncularius were captured, often found within or close to leaf rolls caused by the psyllid Triozatabebuiae Burckhardt & Santana (Hemiptera: Triozidae). The damage caused by C. latruncularius consists of irregular injuries at the leaves’ edges. This is the first report of this beetle occurring on trumpet trees. TÍTULO. Cydianerus latruncularius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) danificando folhas de ipês (Handroanthus spp., Bignoniaceae) em Brasília, Brasil RESUMO. Cydianerus latruncularius Perty (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) foram observados associados a árvores de ipês em Brasília, Brasil, em 2019. Para contribuir com informações a respeito de seus hábitos e os danos causados, foram avaliadas 15 árvores (Handroanthus impetiginosus = 7, H. roseoalbus = 4, and Tabebuia rosea = 4), sendo capturados 31 indivíduos de C. latruncularius, frequentemente dentro ou próximos aos enrolamentos foliares causados pelo psilídeo Trioza tabebuiae Burckhardt & Santana (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Os danos causados por C. latruncularius são injúrias nas bordas das folhas de maneira irregular. Esse é o primeiro relato de ocorrência desse besouro em ipês. Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-01T12:03:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dalva-2097-Texto-do-artigo-21642-1-10-20210630.pdf: 723484 bytes, checksum: db4789b2e08e395a71cd90fb32ae186f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Nota científica. Na publicação: Rose Gomes Monnerat.

Os psilídeos são insetos pequenos que se alimentam do floema e se caracterizam por apresentarem uma pequena faixa de plantas hospedeiras em que se desenvolvem. Este trabalho teve como objetivo prospectar e identificar insetos da superfamília de Psylloidea que ocorrem associados a diferentes biomas no Mato Grosso e que resultou na coleta de 29 gêneros descritos, com 24 espécies identificadas. O Cerrado foi o bioma que apresentou a maior diversidade, seguido pela Amazônia e Pantanal. Comparando com a última lista de psilídeos publicada para o Brasil, em 2012, este artigo contribuiu significativamente para o aumento do conhecimento da biodiversidade de Mato Grosso. Além das espécies registradas para o Mato Grosso (Diaphorina citri, Heteropsylla caldwelli, Pseudophacopteron longicaudatum, Tainarys myracrodruie Trioza struthanthi), também apresentamos novos registros para outros estados brasileiros: Isogonoceraia divergipennis? no Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro e Santa Catarina; Heteropsylla caldwelli ? em Goiás e São Paulo; Euphalerus clitoriae ? no Ceará, Goiás, Pará, Paraná e Santa Catarina; Trioza tabebuiae ? em Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Santa Catarina; e Trioza struthanthi em São Paulo. Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-13T09:11:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barreto-et-al-2020-Psy-do-Mato-Grosso.pdf: 1063954 bytes, checksum: 5b2f2313a380307aec4ce9caa8852029 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Brazil: Minas Gerais. It induces pit galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae), a characteristic tree of the Cerrado biome. The previously artificial genus Ceropsylla is redefined and six species are transferred from Ceropsylla to Trioza as Trioza angustirerta (Li, 2011), comb. nov., Trioza celticola (Li, 2011), comb. nov., Trioza cestolemba (Li, 2011), comb. nov., Trioza discrepans (Tuthill, 1945), comb. nov., Trioza martorelli (Caldwell, 1942), comb. nov. and Trioza pulchra (Tuthill, 1945), comb. nov. The psyllids on Sapotaceae are reviewed and the phylogenetic relationships of Ceropsylla briefly discussed. The Ceropsylla pouteriae gall develops from cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mesophyll leaf tissue, as well as neoformation of vascular tissues. The hypertrophy of the palisade parenchyma cells leads to the formation of the adaxial cortex of the gall. The abaxial cortex originates from the spongy parenchyma. The elongation of the adaxial and abaxial cortex is responsible for the intralaminar gall shape. The neoformation of vascular bundles is an important feature for the phloem feeding Ceropsylla pouteriae. The intralaminar morphotype of the C. pouteriae gall showed a simple anatomical structure. It lacks defence-related compounds and nutritive tissue. The structural simplicity contrasts with the presence of chemical substances in the gall tissue.

The fauna of Psylloidea from Madeira Archipelago and Selvagens Islands is updated with the addition of four new records: Acizzia uncatoides, Cacopsylla fulguralis, Ctenarytaina spatulata and Platycorypha nigrivirga. The list of psyllids known from these islands now comprises 21 species. Two species of psyllids are cited for the first time from Selvagens Islands. Natural enemies associated with psyllids are cited as new records for Madeira, namely the anthocorid bug Anthocoris nemoralis and the encyrtid parasitoid wasp Psyllaephagus pilosus .

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the generic name CtenarytainaFerris & Klyver, 1932 for a genus of psyllids (Insecta, Hemiptera) from tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This name, which has been used in hundreds of works in recent decades, is threatened by a purported senior synonym, EurhinocolaCrawford, 1912. This genus was erected for Eurhinocola gravelyiCrawford, 1912 from Myanmar, a species that has not been mentioned since then in the literature except in catalogues. In 2020 the two genera were formally synonymized. Besides those already mentioned, only three other substantial publications on Eurhinocola have appeared, all between 1924 and 1937 and all pertaining to Eurhinocola eucalypti (Maskell, 1890). Using the senior synonym Eurhinocola would lead to nomenclatural instability and confusion, particularly with respect to two economically important species that are classified now in Ctenarytaina. We therefore request a reversal of precedence under the Commission's plenary power, with Ctenarytaina to be given precedence over Eurhinocola whenever the two are considered to be synonyms.

The Neotropical species of the predominantly north temperate genus Aphalara are reviewed. Four species are recorded here from this region, two of which are described as new. Aphalara ritterisp. nov. occurs in southern Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina) and represents the first and only species reported from South America. A second new species, Aphalara ortegaesp. nov., is described from Mexico and Puerto Rico. Another two species, Aphalara persicaria Caldwell, 1937 and A. similaCaldwell, 1937, have been previously reported from Mexico and the USA, and one of them also from Cuba. The two new species are both associated with Persicaria hydropiperoides and P. punctata (Polygonaceae) on which the immatures induce leaf roll galls. The two new species are morphologically similar to A. persicaria, to which they are probably closely related. A key is provided for the adults and immatures of the Neotropical species of Aphalara.

The Brazilian species of Mitrapsylla, a Neotropical genus of jumping plant-lice, are reviewed. Twenty-seven species are described as new, and one species originally described from Panama is recorded for the first time from Brazil. This brings the number of Brazilian species from 12 to 40 and for the Neotropical region to 51. The new species are illustrated and Mitrapsylla ceplaciensis (White & Hodkinson), M. cubana Crawford and M. itaparica (Crawford) are redescribed. A key for the identification of males is provided for the Brazilian species and information is given on host-plants, habitat and distribution. Host-plants, all Leguminosae, are confirmed for 15 of the new species. The genus is predominantly tropical but extends into the subtropical states in South Brazil.

Euacalyptus is part of the national economy. This is a natural source that provides pulp for papermaking, coal for the steel industry and bioactive compounds used in various medical and industrial areas. The essential oil extracted from leaves is an important product obtained from Eucalyptus. This work evaluated essential oil extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus resistant and susceptible to Glycaspis brimblecombei using thermal tools. Samples of essential oils were extracted from crushed leaves of E. pellita (resistant) and E. camaldulenses (susceptible) by Clevenger method. The oils were analyzed by physicochemical characterization, thermogravimetry and differential thermal simultaneous analysis (TGA-DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The TGA curves of the essential oil from E. camaldulensis and commercial showed similarity and show that the major constituent can be 1,8-cineole. However, the TGA curves of the E. pellita essential oil has different pattern. In DSC, changing the endothermic peak of the commercial oil indicates the presence of other components or additives. The results indicate that these Eucalyptus essential oils had different chemical composition and the 1,8- cineole can be the reason of resistance and susceptibility to G. brimblecombei attack. Further studies will be performed to characterize these samples.

Four newTriozaspecies associated with mistletoes are described, diagnosed and illustrated from Brazil and Chile. They are monophagous on the LoranthaceaeStruthanthusuraguensis(Triozastruthanthisp. n.),Tripodanthusacutifolius(Triozatripodanthisp. n.) and narrowly oligophagous onTristerixspp. (Triozatristericissp. n.). For a fourth species (Triozavagatasp. n.) host information is unavailable but its association with mistletoes is likely. The four species form a putative monophyletic group, together with three North American species (TriozaacuminataTuthill,T.incidataTuthill andT.phorodendraeTuthill), based on the apically incised paramere, the highly modified valvulae of the female ovipositor and the host association with mistletoes.T.acuminatastat. n. from California is raised to species rank (originally described as subspecies ofT.phorodendrae). TheTriozastruthanthi-group is diagnosed and a key for the identification of its constituent members is provided. New host data are provided forCalophyasp. from Brazil as well as forNotophorinafuscaBurckhardt andZonopelmaaustralisBurckhardt from Chile. Host plant and biogeographical patterns of mistletoe feeding psyllids around the world are briefly discussed.

Aroeira ou pimenta rosa, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardaceae), planta nativa da Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai é uma das plantas daninhas mais invasivas na Flórida. Em sua região de origem, pelo menos 4 espécies de psilídeos do gênero Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) estão associados a esta planta. Todas as quatro espécies são monófagas e provavelmente constituem um grupo monofilético que induzem galhas lenticulares abertas, usualmente na face superior da folha. Aqui a taxonomia das 4 espécies é revisada, 2 das quais são descritas como novas, C. lutea sp. nov. e C. praestigiator sp. nov. Diferenças morfológicas entre as 4 espécies são detalhadas e estruturas relevantes são ilustradas. Fornecemos chave para identificação de adultos e imaturos de quinto instar para as 8 espécies conhecidas como indutoras de galhas em espécies de Schinus. Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T01:37:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018DalvaFETaxonomy.pdf: 14574224 bytes, checksum: bdd91c2158f8f36e9cc15403aec50352 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-28

Little is known about the jumping plant-lice of Brazil from where seven families, 45 genera and 76 species have been previously reported, but estimates suggest that there may be as many as 1,000 species. This study reports 34 species of Psylloidea which were collected along the edges of Amazon?Cerrado natural transitional forests in the municipality of Sorriso, state of Mato Grosso, from August 2013 to July 2014. Of the species reported in this study only nine represent described taxa, two of which are reported for the first time from Mato Grosso.hardt et al. 2013; Mazzardo 2014; Mazzardo et al. 2016): the two introduced eucalypt pests Blastopsylla occidentalis and Glycaspis brimblecombei, the three Fabaceae feeders Euphalerus clitoriae, Isogonoceraia divergipennis and Macrocorsa beeryi, the Toona pest Mastigimas anjosi, and the Nectandra psylloid Limataphalara lautereri. To improve the apparent lack of knowledge, a survey of the psylloid fauna of the edges of Amazon?Cerrado native transitional forests was conducted in Sorriso, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Here we present a commented inventory of the species encountered during the dry and rainy seasons.

The monoculture of eucalyptus species shows great expansion in the state of Pará, Brazil, so the culture presents high propensity to be a host species of both native and exotic entomological fauna. Commercial plantations of eucalyptus were monitored in a monthly basis from January 2015 to December 2016 through yellow sticky traps that were replaced in each observation. These traps were installed in the municipalities of Paragominas, Ulianópolis, Dom Eliseu, and Rondon do Pará, southeastern Pará, Brazil. The species Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) and Blastopsylla occidentalis (Taylor, 1985) were observed in all municipalities sampled, which becomes the first record of these species in the Brazilian Amazonian state of Pará. Therefore, these species have now their geographical distribution expanded in the Brazilian Amazon.

RESUMO: A ocorrência de Isogonoceraia divergipennis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) foi constatada no estado de Mato Grosso, associada a Poincianella pluviosa (Fabaceae). Até o momento a distribuição da I. divergipennis estava restrita aos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná e São Paulo e esse resultado amplia a área de distribuição do inseto para a região centro-oeste do Brasil. O material de estudo foi obtido em Sorriso, Mato Grosso (S12º32'42,78'', W55º43'32,10") e as coletas foram realizadas no período de setembro de 2013 a maio de 2014. ABSTRACT: Isogonoceraia divergipennis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) associated with Poincianella pluviosa (Fabaceae) was recorded in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, for the first time. Previously, I. divergipennis was known only in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná and São Paulo. Our results extend the known area of distribution of the insect to central-western Brazil. The studied material was from Sorriso, Mato Grosso (S12º32'42.78'', W55º43'32.10"), collected from September 2013 to May 2014.

1 BACKGROUND The arrival of alien insects is frequently associated with the introduction of alien plants. Two exotic Psylloidea native to Australia [Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell, 1890) and Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor, 1997] were recorded during a two-year survey in five apple orchards located in Asturias, on the northern coast of Spain. Both species develop on Eucalyptus, but our results suggest that the adults feed also on apple. 2 RESULTS The captures of adult Ctenarytaina, particularly C. spatulata (2191 individuals vs 100 of C. eucalypti) were higher than those of the psyllids that develop on apple. Both species occurred in all sites, including those most distant from the eucalypt plantations. Their abundance peaks matched with two crucial periods in the apple tree cycle: sprouting and leaf drop. The hypothesis that the adult eucalypt psyllids feed on apple is supported by the presence of a phytoplasma, the causal agent of the apple proliferation disease, in one specimen of each species. This phytoplasma can be only acquired after feeding on an infected apple tree. This is the first report of continuous captures of these psyllids in apple orchards. 3 CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that adults of the two Ctenarytaina species feed in apple orchards in Asturias. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

Ctenarytaina bipartita sp.n., associated with Eucalyptus kitsoniana and E. viminalis, is described from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. It differs from other described Ctenarytaina species in the paramere which bears a small posterior lobe. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. Information on the biology is also given. C. bipartita has the po-tential to become an exported pest species to countries with significant eucalypt plantations.

Harmonia axyridis is a voracious aphid predator, which has been used in biological control programs in several countries. Due to its fast spreading, H. axyridis is becoming widely distributed across the world. Recently, it was detected in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. This region shows climatic similarity to its native region and it may facilitate the establishment of H. axyridis. The species was found in some home gardens feeding on aphids and psyllids. The presence of the lady beetle in the state of Minas Gerais confirms its high spreading potential in Brazil, reinforcing the necessity for further studies on the possible impacts and control methods of its populations.

Feeding and oviposition preferences of Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) for Eucalyptus spp. and other Myrtaceae in Brazil. The Australian psyllid, Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), was first detected in Brazil in 1994, where it was found on drought-affected shoots of Eucalyptus grandis in a plantation located in the northern part of Parana State. The oviposition and feeding preferences of this psyllid were examined on 19 Eucalyptus species, one Eucalyptus hybrid (Cambiju), three Corymbia species and four native Myrtaceae species (Hexaclames edulis, Marlieria edulis, Plinia trunciflora, and Psydium sp.) under greenhouse conditions. The largest populations of C. spatulata were found on E. robusta and E. pellita, while sizeable infestations were also found on E. urophylla, E. grandis, and the Cambiju hybrid. The plants with the greatest symptoms of damage were E. grandis and E. resinifera. Eucalyptus cinerea, E. benthamii, E. pilularis, and E. dunnii were not infested and E. cloeziana was minimally infested. Among the Corymbia species, the number of eggs of C. spatulata was very low on C. citriodora and C. torelliana. No eggs and nymphs of C. spatulata were found on native Brazilian Myrtaceae. The number of eggs on plants was highly correlated with the subsequent levels of nymphs, suggesting that egg counts can be used as a viable monitoring tool to assist with the integrated management of this pest.

The arrival of alien insects is frequently associated with the introduction of alien plants. Two exotic Psylloidea native to Australia [Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell, 1890) and Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor, 1997] were recorded during a two-year survey in five apple orchards located in Asturias, on the northern coast of Spain. Both species develop on Eucalyptus, but our results suggest that the adults feed also on apple.The captures of adult Ctenarytaina, particularly C. spatulata (2191 individuals vs 100 of C. eucalypti) were higher than those of the psyllids that develop on apple. Both species occurred in all sites, including those most distant from the eucalypt plantations. Their abundance peaks matched with two crucial periods in the apple tree cycle: sprouting and leaf drop. The hypothesis that the adult eucalypt psyllids feed on apple is supported by the presence of a phytoplasma, the causal agent of the apple proliferation disease, in one specimen of each species. This phytoplasma can be only acquired after feeding on an infected apple tree. This is the first report of continuous captures of these psyllids in apple orchards.This study suggests that adults of the two Ctenarytaina species feed in apple orchards in Asturias.

The Neotropical psyllid genus Tainarys Brèthes, 1920 is revised to include 14 extant and one fossil species from Dominican amber. Eight species are described as new, viz. Tainarys aroeira sp. nov., T. atra sp. nov., T. hapla sp. nov., T. myracrodrui sp. nov., T. nigricornis sp. nov., T. didyma sp. nov. and T. orientalis sp. nov. from Brazil, the last two also from Uruguay, as well as T. lozadai sp. nov. from Peru. The fifth instar immatures are described for nine species. †Vicinilura Klimaszewski, 1996, erected for the fossil †V. reposta Klimaszewski, 1996 and previously synonymised with Leurolophus Tuthill, 1942, is synonymised here (syn. nov.) with Tainarys and †V. reposta is transferred to become †Tainarys reposta (Klimaszewski), comb. nov. The descriptions are supplemented by illustrations and keys for the identification of adults and immatures. Phylogenetic relationships between species are investigated with a cladistic analysis using 22 adult and six immature morphological characters. The analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious, fully resolved tree. The fossil species is nested within the genus rather than being the sister taxon of the remainder of species. The extant species are restricted to the subtropical and temperate parts of South America. Three pairs of sister clades display an east‒west South American and one a midwest‒southern Brazilian geographical vicariance. Host plants are confirmed for nine and likely for another four species. They are Astronium, Haplorhus, Myracrodruon, Schinopsis and Schinus (Anacardiaceae). All Tainarys species appear to be oligophagous inducing irregular leaf curls on their hosts.

The published records of jumping plant-lice from Brazil comprise 70 named species but four are erroneous or doubtful. For one species a variety has been described with uncertain status. Seven named species records are added here based on recent collections bringing the number of valid species to 73. Four new combinations are proposed: Colophorina favis (Brown & Hodkinson) (from Euphalerus), Euryconus fossiconis (Brown & Hodkinson) (from Euphalerus), Leuronota solani (Rübsaamen) (from Bactericera) and Macrocorsa beeryi (Caldwell) (from Psyllia). Additional unidentified species are recorded from the genera Auchmeriniella, Calophya, Ciriacremum, Euryconus, Isogonoceraia, Leuronota, Mastigimas, Pseudophacopteron and Livia, the last being considered a misidentification. Another 23 records concern psyllid galls which could not be attributed to any genus. The collection of psyllid galls from Brazil described by E. H. Rübsaamen was revised. The checklist provides for each species the general and Brazilian distributions as well as the host plants. Biogeographical and host plant patterns are briefly discussed. Half of the native psyllid genera are endemic to the Neotropic Region and slightly less than a third are restricted to the New World. Ten species are introduced from Australia (4), Europe (2), Asia (1) and other parts of South America (3). Fabaceae are host plants of a majority of members of the Psyllidae, whereas many Triozidae are associated with Myrtaceae.

The injuries of Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor, 1977, were characterized through observations in field, laboratory and greenhouse. The first injuries of C. spatulata in Eucalyptus grandis are caused during oviposition. At the point where the egg is inserted, a small black spot appears, which may grow larger, causing the bud death. The insect eliminates large amount of honeydew, accumulating on leaves and apical parts, which starts the proliferation of sooty mold, and fitopathogenic fungi. Leaves of the attacked lants become deformed, smaller than the normal ones, distorted, or with flaws among the ribs and sooty mold reducing the photosynthetic capacity. Due to damages provoked by the bites, oviposition, sooty mold accumulation and other fungi, the sprout die and the plant loses the apical dominance, which induces an over sprouting. In addition, the attack of C. spatulata causes a decrease of diameter growth and the formation of shorter internodes, resulting in a higher fragile area. Anatomical cuts of the seedlings, infested with C. spatulata where there was an over sprouting, presented areas with larger number of gelatinous fibers, less lignified. These fibers are less resistant, turning the stem more fragile and susceptible o breaking due to wind or even its own weight. Besides, the attacked plants presented anatomical modifications in pores arrangement and thicker bark. Os danos de Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor, 1977 foram caracterizados em observações realizadas em campo, laboratório e casa de vegetação. Os primeiros danos de C. spatulata em Eucalyptus grandis são provocados pela postura, ficando uma pequena mancha preta, onde o ovo é depositado, que evolui para manchas maiores, podendo levar a seca da gema. Os espécimens eliminam grandes quantidades de líquidos ricos em açúcares “honeydew”, que se acumulam sobre folhas e ponteiros, propiciando a proliferação de fungos formadores de fumagina e fungos fitopatogênicos. As plantas atacadas ficam com as folhas deformadas, menores que as normais, encarquilhadas, com falhas entre as nervuras e com fumagina. Conseqüentemente, a capacidade fotossintética diminui. Com os danos provocados pelas picadas, posturas, acúmulo de fumagina, aparecimento de fungos oportunistas e a morte dos brotos, a planta perde a dominância apical, ocorrendo uma superbrotação no local. O ataque de C. spatulata causa uma diminuição do diâmetro das plantas e encurtamento dos internódios, ocasionando uma maior fragilidade na área onde há esta formação. Cortes anatômicos do caule, infestado com C. spatulata, mostram que a parte interna do lenho, na região onde houve um superbrotamento, apresenta grande concentração de fibras gelatinosas, que são menos lignificadas. Estas fibras conferem menor resistência ao caule das plantas, tornando-o frágil e susceptível a quebra em função de ventos ou mesmo pelo próprio peso. Além disto, as plantas atacadas apresentaram modificações anatômicas quanto ao arranjo dos poros e maior espessamento da casca.

Some Tabebuia species (Tabebuia alba, T. chrysotricha and T. heptaphylla) present deformed young leaves. A survey was performed randomly on young trees, from one month to three years old in”Viveiro Municipal da Barreirinha” and trees of urban areas of the Curitiba city, PR, Brazil. Small twigs with symptoms were collected from each plant in order to identify the associated insects, revealing the presence of several species of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera. However, it was verified that the leaf rolling is caused by Trioza tabebuiae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) injuries. Alguns ipês (Tabebuia alba, T. chrysotricha e T. heptaphylla) apresentam folhas jovens deformadas, na forma de enrolamento foliar, em viveiros e na arborização urbana. Uma avaliação foi feita em plantas destas espécies, com idade variando entre 1 mês e 3 anos, no Viveiro Municipal da Barreirinha e em árvores da arborização urbana da cidade de Curitiba, PR. Coletaram-se galhos apicais com sintomas, em cada planta, para a identificação dos insetos associados. Foram encontrados, associados às folhas deformadas, insetos pertencentes às ordens Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera e Diptera. No entanto, foi constatado que o enrolamento do lombo foliar do ipê é provocado por Trioza tabebuiae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea).

The grevilea, Grevillea robusta (Cunn), species of the Proteaceae family, native of Australia it was introduced in Brazil and in several other countries of the world, for ornamentation, wind breaks and to shade agricultural crops. In general the grevilea has few pests in its area of natural dispersion and also in Brazil. Recently a severe infestation of the cicada Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) was verified in experimental plantings of grevilea’s plantation in São Miguel Arcanjo, SP. This is the first verification of A. reticulatum causing damages to G. robusta. A. reticulatum is an sap sucking insect and the damages in grevilea are similar to the observed in fruit plants. A grevílea, Grevillea robusta (Cunn), é uma espécie da família Proteaceae, nativa da Austrália e foi introduzida no Brasil e em vários outros países do mundo, para ornamentação, quebra ventos e sombreamento de culturas agrícolas. De um modo geral, a grevílea tem poucas pragas, tanto em seu ambiente natural, como no Brasil. Recentemente foi constatada alta infestação da cigarrinha Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) em plantios experimentais de grevílea em São Miguel Arcanjo, SP. Esta é a primeira constatação de A. reticulatum causando danos a G. robusta. A. reticulatum é um inseto sugador e seus danos em grevílea são semelhantes aos observados em fruteiras.

The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) is referred as one Paraguay-tea (Ilex paraguariensis) pest, an important culture in the south of Brazil, and not existing studies about its control in the Paraguay-tea culture, the present work aimed to characterize the damages and to evaluate control tactics of this pest of Paraguay-tea seedlings, in green house. In the experiment 1, the Paraguay-tea seedlings were divided in two groups of 50 seedlings, divided in 5 repetitions. In one of the groups the seedlings were artificially infested with mites grown in laboratory. Weekly, during 3 months, the plants were appraised, the alterations possibly related to the mites presence were observed. In the second experiment, an identical group of seedlings was infested by the broad mite and 15 days after the following treatments were applied: a) mitecide based on cyhexathin, b) Hirsutella thompsonii fungus isolated CG 541 (1×106 conídios/mL), c) distilled water and d) without infestation, considered control treatment. The evaluations accomplished were before and at the end of the experiment, consisting in counting the mites in 10 leaves/repetition, determination of the height and number of leaves/plantings and dry weight of all the plants (end). The mites concentrated on the abaxial surface of the apical and younger leaves, which presented the screw borders, abnormal ribs development, rough surface and tan. Early leaves fall was also observed. There was no difference in the size of the plants and leaves number, but a 30% biomass reduction in the fungus treatment plants and in those without treatment has happened. The broad mite caused damages to the seedlings in nurseries and the mitecide control reduced the population of the same and the damages., O ácaro-branco (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) é referido como uma das pragas da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis), importante cultura no sul do Brasil, e não havendo estudos sobre o seu controle na cultura da erva-mate, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar os danos e avaliar táticas de controle desta praga em mudas de erva-mate, em casa de vegetação. No experimento 1, as mudas de erva-mate foram divididas em dois grupos com 50 mudas cada, divididas em 5 repetições. Num dos grupos as mudas foram infestadas artificialmente com ácaros provenientes de criação de laboratório. Semanalmente,durante 3 meses, as plantas foram avaliadas, observando-se alterações possivelmente relacionadas à presença dos ácaros. No segundo experimento, um grupo idêntico de mudas foi infestado pelo ácaro branco e 15 dias após aplicaram-se: a) acaricida à base de cihexatina, b) fungo Hirsutella thompsonii isolado CG 541 (1×106 conídios/mL), c) água destilada. Um quarto lote de plantas (d) foi mantido sem infestação, considerado testemunha absoluta. Foi realizada uma avaliação prévia e outra ao final do experimento, para contagem de ácaros em 10 folhas/repetição, determinação da altura e número de folhas/planta e peso seco médio de todas as plantas (final). Os ácaros se concentraram na face abaxial das folhas apicais e mais jovens, que apresentaram as bordas encarquilhadas, desenvolvimento desproporcional das nervuras, superfície áspera e bronzeamento. Também houve queda precoce das folhas. Não houve diferença no tamanho médio das plantas e número de folhas, mas houve redução de 30% da biomassa nas plantas infestadas e não tratadas e tratadas com fungo. O ácaro-branco causou danos às mudas em viveiros e o controle com acaricida reduz a população dos mesmos e diminui os danos.