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Em busca de um método alternativo para reparação de lesões articulares envolvendo o segmento tenopatelar, 24 cães foram submetidos ao implante tenopatelar conservado em solução de glicerina a 98% e distribuídos em dois grupos de igual número (grupos I e II). Os cães do grupo II foram submetidos à terapia laser Arseneto de Gálio nos primeiros 10 dias de pós-operatório. Os animais de cada grupo foram novamente distribuídos em subgrupos de igual número de acordo com a faixa de peso que foi entre 10 e 20kg e 21 e 30kg e períodos pós-operatórios (PO) de 60, 120 e 180 dias. A articulação do joelho foi imobilizada por fixação externa percutânea tipo II e permaneceu por um período de 30 dias de pós-operatório o que proporcionou uma adequada estabilidade articular para cicatrização. Foi notada em todos os animais dos grupos I e II, atrofia da musculatura da coxa sem recuperação da massa muscular até os períodos preestabelecidos de pós-operatório (PO) de 60, 120 e 180 dias. Na avaliação macroscópica, foi notada proliferação de tecido conjuntivo ao redor e sobre a patela implantada. Na análise radiográfica, foram observados diferentes estágios de reabsorção óssea do enxerto patelar e pela microscopia foram vistas em todos os grupos, trabéculas ósseas do enxerto em fase de reabsorções, margeadas por osteoclastos e preenchidas por tecido fibrovascular e neoformação óssea a partir de ossificação endocondral. Conclui-se que a técnica de implantação de segmento tenopatelar homógeno ortotópico conservado em glicerina a 98% é apropriado para substituir segmento tenopatelar em cães pesando até 30kg.

Com o objetivo de testar o implante de cartilagem auricular heteróloga conservada em glicerina a 98% como alternativa para reparar defeitos na parede torácica em felinos, foram estudados doze animais adultos, sendo distribuídos em dois grupos GI e GII, e avaliados após 60 dias de pós-operatório. Todos os animais foram submetidos à ressecção costal na porção média do tórax abrangendo a 7ª, 8ª e 9ª costelas e posterior implante de cartilagem conchal heteróloga conservada em glicerina a 98%. No GI, foi preservada a musculatura adjacente, já no GII, a musculatura foi retirada. Os animais foram avaliados clinicamente no pós-operatório e, ao final do período, submetidos à eutanásia e necropsia para avaliação macroscópica e microscópica da região do implante. Observou-se proliferação de tecido fibrovascular neovascularizado sobre o implante, com aderência pulmonar e diafragmática em algumas das unidades experimentais. O implante de cartilagem heteróloga conservado em glicerina a 98% pode ser utilizado para reconstrução de parede costal cujo defeito abranja o espaço de parte de três costelas. O implante em 60 dias é substituído por tecido cicatricial, sem apresentar sinais clínicos de rejeição.

Ovariohysterectomy (OVH) is a common procedure in bitches, where ovarian suspensory ligament (OSL) rupture facilitates hemostasis but may also have adverse effects. Given the importance of minimizing the surgical stress response, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of OSL rupture in 20 healthy bitches undergoing elective open OVH; a celiotomy via the ventral midline was performed, and hemostasis achieved using bipolar coagulation, either with OSL rupture (OSL-R) or without (OSL-NR). Pain was assessed over 24 h post-surgery using the Visual Analogue Scale and the Short Form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. The physical parameters, complete blood count, glucose levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil oxidative and phagocytic functions were evaluated pre-surgery and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, as well as 10 days after. Oxidative metabolism was assessed through vitamin C and protein thiols, reduced glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. No differences in trans- and postoperative pain were observed between techniques, except for analgesic rescue rates. Differences were noted in the heart rate, total leukocyte count, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Both techniques resulted in low oxidative and phagocytic changes. Overall, OSL rupture appears to elicit a slightly more intense surgical stress response than the non-rupture technique.

We evaluated the surgical stress response of dogs undergoing three ovariohysterectomy (OVH) techniques. Twenty-nine healthy females were allocated into groups: celiotomy and ligature (CelioSut), celiotomy and bipolar energy (CelioBip), and a video-assisted technique using two portals and bipolar energy (VidBip). Clinical evaluation was performed, and the following blood analyses were determined: acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and haptoglobin), white blood cell counting (WBC), and biomarkers of oxidative status. The VidBip required more time despite a smaller incision, lower heart rate, and earlier feeding and urination. All groups had high white blood cells counts; the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels peaked at 6 and 12 h in all groups and was higher in the CelioBip and VidBip groups compared to CelioSut; haptoglobin concentrations peaked at 48 h in all groups and increased in dogs of the CelioSut group. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing ability of plasma, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, and advanced oxidation protein were not significantly different among the groups or time points. Total thiol concentrations were lower in CelioBip and CelioSut groups. All surgical techniques induced an inflammatory and oxidative stress response, but the video-assisted technique produced early clinical recovery. The bipolar device produces fewer disturbances than suspensory ligament rupture and ligature.

Introduction . Gossypiboma is a rare surgical complication in small animals. The authors reported the laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of an abdominal gossypiboma and chronic draining fistula postopen ovariohysterectomy (OVH) unresponsive to medical treatment in a bitch. Case Presentation . The patient had undergone OVH and exploratory laparotomy in other veterinary practice 3 years previously. The animal, presenting a chronic fistula, was then referred to UFSM Veterinary Hospital. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a structure compatible with a granuloma. For the laparoscopic procedure, a 3-port (two at 11 mm; one at 6 mm) access was used. Adhesiolysis and mass removal were performed by blunt dissection and bipolar electrocoagulation. The fistula was treated by mobilising the omentum through it. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The chronic wound showed first intention healing. The mass was composed of fibrous tissues surrounding one surgical gauze. Discussion and Conclusion . The removal of a retained surgical gauze in the abdomen by laparoscopy has already been described in medicine. However, a laparoscopic approach for treating a fistulous draining tract due to a gossypiboma has not been previously reported in dogs. Laparoscopic exploration of the fistula allowed the use of a pedicled omental flap through infected sites to control chronic infection. Laparoscopic surgery can be used to identify and treat abdominal gossypiboma in dogs, including those with chronic abdominal sinus., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Maurício Veloso Brun et al.)

This study aimed to evaluate the association of CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T cells and tumor-infiltrating macrophages (TIMs) with the clinical parameters of female dogs harboring mammary gland tumors. Thirty female dogs affected with mammary carcinomas were used, and all tumors were histologically classified as complex carcinoma and were triple-negative phenotype determined by immunohistochemistry. Freshly frozen sections were used to determine CD3 + , CD4 + and CD8 + T cells by immunohistochemistry, and TIMs were determined by immunofluorescence assays. Ten out of the 30 dogs showed lymph node metastasis at diagnosis. Fifteen dogs had a tumor of grade I (15/30), nine (9/30) had a tumor of grade II and six (6/30) had a tumor of grade III. The mean overall survival was 680.5 days (± 200.4). Dogs with sentinel lymph node positivity (10/30) (P = .0035) and dogs that developed metastasis (P = .0001) showed a shorter survival time. In addition, dogs with a high level of inflammatory infiltrate in tumor tissues presented a shorter survival time (P = .0001) than that of other dogs. Dogs with tumors containing higher numbers of CD3+ T cells (P = .001), CD4+ T cells (P = .001), or TIM cells (P < .0001) showed a shorter survival time than that of other dogs. Our results suggested that characteristics of immune cell infiltrates, including CD3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, and TIMs, can be used as potential prognostic indicators for predicting clinical outcomes in dogs with mammary gland tumors, particularly tumors with a complex histological subtype and triple-negative phenotype., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Canine mammary tumors (CMT) represent the most common cancer in noncastrated female dogs. Interestingly, triple-negative tumors are the most common molecular subtype in female dogs. In this study, we proposed to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and microvascular density (MVD) in a group of metastatic and nonmetastatic triple-negative CMT and compare the expression based on clinical parameters. Twenty-six female dogs with triple-negative mammary tumors were divided into three groups: nonmetastatic tumors (NMT) ( n = 11), tumors with lymph node metastasis (LNM) ( n = 10), and tumors with lung metastasis (LM) ( n = 5). We observed increased VEGFR-2 expression in LNM compared with NMT and a positive correlation between tumor grade and VEGFR-2 expression. A positive correlation was noted between VEGFR-2 and PDGFR expression. Regarding microvascular density (MVD), we identified a higher number of vessels in primary tumors with lymph node metastasis and lung metastasis compared with tumors with no metastasis. The primary tumors with lung metastasis exhibited an increased MVD compared with carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Overall, our results suggest a deregulation of VEGFR-2 and PDGFR and high MVD in metastatic tumors, indicating a role for angiogenesis in tumor progression.