Search

Explosive submarine arc volcanoes can cause tsunamis, affect climate, and pose hazards to airplanes and ships. Although 70 % of the Earth is submarine, only 15 % of Holocene arc volcanoes in the Smithsonian Global Volcanism database are submarine. Merging locations of active submarine hydrothermal vents in arcs and the above database, we found 71 unlisted submarine arc volcanoes. Using Baker [2017, doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.02.006], only 44 % of hydrothermal vents in arcs are known. Only 77 of the vent fields are on volcanoes in the Smithsonian database. Assuming that unknown submarine arc volcanoes are present in the same proportions as unknown vents, there are ~160 as-yet undiscovered Holocene age submarine arc volcanoes. Using geophysical data, we located 291 unsurveyed seamounts 32 % of Holocene arc volcanoes are submarine.

A case of concurrent chloroquine- and Fransidar-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria imported into Zimbabwe by an adult male Zimbabwean from either Malawi or Mozambique is reported. The epidemiological and chemotherapeutic implications are discussed.

In conccurrent infection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice, potentiation of one parasite by the other was observed, especially the malaria by the trypanosome infection. The effect appeared early in the infection. It is suggested that the mutual potentiation of the two infections was probably due to immuno-suppression which both organisms are capable of inducing in the host.