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Rising CO2 levels, as predicted by global climate models, are altering environmental factors such as the water cycle, leading to soil waterlogging and reduced oxygen availability for plant roots. These conditions result in decreased energy production, increased fermentative metabolism, impaired nutrient uptake, reduced nitrogen fixation, and altered leaf gas exchanges, ultimately reducing crop productivity. Co-inoculation techniques involving multiple plant growth-promoting bacteria or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have shown promise in enhancing plant resilience to stress by improving nutrient uptake, biomass production, and nitrogen fixation. This study aimed to investigate carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations in soybean plants co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Azospirillum brasilense, and Rhizophagus intraradices under waterlogged conditions in CO2-enriched environments. Plants were grown in pots in open-top chambers at ambient CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) and elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]). After reaching the V5 growth stage, the plants were subjected to waterlogging for seven days, followed by a four-day reoxygenation period. The results showed that plants’ co-inoculation under e[CO2] mitigated the adverse effects of waterlogging. Notably, plants inoculated solely with B. elkanii under e[CO2] displayed results similar to co-inoculated plants under a[CO2], suggesting that co-inoculation effectively mitigates the waterlogging stress, with plant physiological traits comparable to those observed under elevated CO2 conditions.

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation increases five times the risk of stroke. Anticoagulation reduces the incidence of cerebrovascular events. However, many patients do not receive thromboprophylaxis. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the older patients at a Brazilian university hospital and the proportion of anticoagulation prescription. Secondary objectives were to identify the therapeutic options, the main reasons for non-prescription and the factors associated with ineffectiveness or lack of treatment. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample of 1,630 outpatients selected at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre between April and June of 2017. Atrial fibrillation was identified in 220 (13.50%) individuals. Medical records from 145 patients were accessed, followed by a telephone interview. The association between variables and outcomes was checked using the Mann-Whitney's U Test and a chi-squared test. RESULTS: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 13.50%. Anticoagulation therapy was prescribed in 77.93% of cases. In 76.11% of patients, warfarin was the chosen drug. There was a tendency towards no prescription in patients with previous bleeding (RR = 2.32; 95%CI 0.95 – 5.64; p = 0.06) and falls (RR = 2.02; 95%CI 0.82 – 5.03; p = 0.08). We found an association between reduced functional capacity (Barthel's Activities of Daily Living Score < 80) and higher rate of anticoagulation in therapeutic target (RR = 0.22; 95%CI 0.06 – 0.87; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in this population was 13.50% and in 77.93% of cases anticoagulant were prescribed. Functional impairment was associated with a higher rate of anticoagulation in therapeutic target.

The aim of the present study was to describe the conceptual and operational definitions of the frailty syndrome recommended by the Brazilian Consensus on Frailty in Older People. In 2015, a task force consisting of Brazilian specialists on human aging conducted a bibliographical review on frailty among older people in Brazil and established a consensus on the main findings through periodic meetings. A total of 72 articles were included in the analysis, comprising one systematic review, two conceptual discussions, two methodological descriptions, four longitudinal studies focusing on mortality and worsening of the frailty profile, eight cross-cultural adaptation studies, and 55 cross-sectional or prevalence studies. Forty-five studies (62.5%) used the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty scale, of which seven (15.2%) used unadjusted cut-off points for their samples and 17 (36.9%) modified at least one of the five items of the instrument. The prevalence of frailty varied between 6.7 and 74.1%. When the CHS frailty scale was used, the wide range of prevalence — from 8 to 49.3% — depended on the cut-off points used to classify changes in gait speed and handgrip strength, as well as the research setting. The studies were based on four major conceptual models of frailty. Frailty in older people represents a state of physiological vulnerability and should not be confused with disabilities or multi-morbidities. In the Brazilian population, the prevalence of frailty has not yet been adequately estimated, and the cut-off points of the items of the frailty scales should be adapted to the parameters of this population.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed to monitor intrinsic capacity (IC) in the older population as a public health strategy through the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) program. Although the program has been developed based on solid concepts, scientific evidence on its practical applicability is still scarce. Objectives: To evaluate IC in Brazilian older adults, its progress over time, and its association with sociodemographic and health factors and outcomes. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the WHO/ICOPE screening tool. Methods: This is a prospective multicenter cohort study with a 36-month follow-up. We will recruit 3838 people aged ≥ 60 years, registered in the health care units included in the study by the participating centers. We will collect sociodemographic and health data and will administer tools to assess IC domains, both those provided for in the ICOPE screening tool and the sequence of confirmatory assessments provided for in the program. Participants will be reassessed every 6 months for 36 months. Expected results: To establish the profile of IC in the study population and to understand its progress and the variables associated with the clinical outcomes of interest. To reveal the diagnostic and psychometric properties of the WHO/ICOPE screening tool. The project is funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Relevance: Understanding the potential use of the ICOPE public health strategy proposed by the WHO within the scope of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) by integrating several research centers in the field of Geriatrics and Gerontology throughout Brazil.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the morphological and stereological parameters of the testicles in mice exposed to bisphenol S and/or high-fat diet-induced obesity. Material and Methods Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard diet (SC) or high-fat diet (HF) for a total of 12 weeks. The sample was randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with 10 mices as follows: a) SC - animals fed a standard diet; b) SC-B - animals fed a standard diet and administration of BPS (25 μg/kg of body mass/day) in drinking water; c) HF: animals fed a high-fat diet; d) HF-B - animals fed a high-fat diet and administration of BPS (25 μg/Kg of body mass/day) in drinking water. BPS administration lasted 12 weeks, following exposure to the SC and HF diets. BPS was diluted in absolute ethanol (0.1%) and added to drinking water (concentration of 25 μg/kg body weight/day). The animals were euthanized, and the testes were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for morphometric and stereological parameters, including density of seminiferous tubules per area, length density and total length of seminiferous tubules, height of the tunica albuginea and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules. The images were captured with an Olympus BX51 microscope and Olympus DP70 camera. The stereological analysis was done with the Image Pro and Image J programs. Means were statistically compared using ANOVA and the Holm-Sidak post-test (p

Em razão da pandemia da Covid-19, que tornou o mundo ainda mais desigual, a democracia liberal, paradigma hegemônico que já estava em crise, necessita ser repensada para uma prática social inclusiva. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa teórica foi refletir sobre a democracia participativa como alternativa ao modelo essencialmente representativo diante da vulnerabilidade social. Como resultados, evidenciou-se que a democracia liberal limita a participação individual e coletiva para não colocar em risco a acumulação de capital perante as reivindicações de distribuição social. Logo, a democracia, visando à justiça social perante a vulnerabilidade, necessita ser estruturada em quatro dimensões: a de distribuição, a de reconhecimento, a de representatividade e a de participação. Em conclusão, entende-se que a renovação política requer, por meio da coexistência e da complementaridade entre participação direta e representação indireta, a redistribuição de recursos, o reconhecimento da pluralidade cultural e a inclusão social.

As alterações no uso e cobertura dos solos florestais podem causar mudanças no balanço de biomassa e carbono dos sistemas, culminando no aumento das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. As áreas com cultivos alternativos, resultantes de alterações na cobertura vegetal, aparentam ser pouco avaliadas. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão bibliométrica das publicações relativas à Amazônia, indexadas na base de dados Scopus. Para tanto, foram utilizadas palavras-chave para obtenção de um banco de dados, resultando em 118 publicações. Os dados passaram por uma triagem, sendo selecionados 48 manuscritos de acordo com critérios preestabelecidos para realização do estado da arte e determinação das métricas de interesse. Na ocasião, foram observados aspectos como o ano de publicação dos trabalhos, autores e suas afiliações, localização dos estudos e métodos de determinação de carbono. A primeira pesquisa registrada foi em 1995, possivelmente em decorrência de conferências internacionais relacionadas ao meio ambiente e clima. O país que mais apresentou estudos relacionados ao tema foi o Brasil. O compartimento mais avaliado foi o solo e, quanto à biomassa, a porção mais avaliada foi a biomassa acima do solo. Foram encontradas lacunas científicas, ou seja, alguns países ainda não desenvolveram pesquisas relacionadas com o tema. Tal fato reforça a importância de realizar avaliações locais para evitar tendências nas estimações dos teores e estoques de carbono em solos amazônicos.

The sources of uncertainty in wall-to-wall AGB maps propagate from the tree to pixel, but uncertainty due to forest cover mapping is rarely incorporated into the error propagation process. This study aimed to (1) elaborate an analytical procedure to incorporate forest-mapping-related uncertainty into the error propagation from plot and pixel predictions; (2) develop a stratified estimator with a model-assisted estimator for small and large areas; and (3) estimate the effect of ignoring the mapping uncertainty on the confidence intervals (CIs) for totals. Data consist of a subset of the Brazilian national forest inventory (NFI) database, comprising 75 counties that, once aggregated, served as strata for the stratified estimator. On-ground data were gathered from 152 clusters (plots) and remotely sensed data from Landsat-8 scenes. Four major contributions are highlighted. First, we describe how to incorporate forest-mapping-related uncertainty into the CIs of any forest attribute and spatial resolution. Second, stratified estimators perform better than non-stratified estimators for forest area estimation when the response variable is forest/non-forest. Comparing our stratified estimators, this study indicated greater precision for the stratified estimator than for the regression estimator. Third, using the ratio estimator, we found evidence that the simple field plot information provided by the NFI clusters is sufficient to estimate the proportion forest for large regions as accurately as remote-sensing-based methods, albeit with less precision. Fourth, ignoring forest-mapping-related uncertainty erroneously narrows the CI width as the estimate of proportion forest area decreases. At the small-area level, forest-mapping-related uncertainty led to CIs for total AGB as much as 63% wider in extreme cases. At the large-area level, the CI was 5–7% wider.

Abstract Obesity over‐activates the classical arm of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), impairing skeletal muscle remodeling. We aimed to compare the effect of exercise training and enalapril, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, on RAS modulation in the skeletal muscle of obese animals. Thus, we divided C57BL/6 mice into two groups: standard chow (SC) and high‐fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. At the eighth week, the HF‐fed animals were divided into four subgroups—sedentary (HF), treated with enalapril (HF‐E), exercise training protocol (HF‐T), and combined interventions (HF‐ET). After 8 weeks of treatment, we evaluated body mass and index (BMI), body composition, exercise capacity, muscle morphology, and skeletal muscle molecular markers. All interventions resulted in lower BMI and attenuation of overactivation in the classical arm, while favoring the B2R in the bradykinin receptors profile. This was associated with reduced apoptosis markers in obese skeletal muscles. The HF‐T group showed an increase in muscle mass and expression of biosynthesis markers and a reduction in expression of degradation markers and muscle fiber atrophy due to obesity. These findings suggest that the combination intervention did not have a synergistic effect against obesity‐induced muscle remodeling. Additionally, the use of enalapril impaired muscle's physiological adaptations to exercise training.

Um futebolista é definido como um atleta que se envolve em treinamentos de alta complexidade, a qual pode gerar mudanças no coração do profissional, que podem ser tanto fisiológicas, quanto patológicas, demonstradas em um eletrocardiograma (ECG). Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a presença de arritmias cardíacas em atletas profissionais de futebol de campo submetidos a teste de esforço máximo e submáximo. Para tanto, foram avaliados 97 jogadores, com idades entre 17 e 35 anos, os quais fizeram uma avaliação antropométrica composta pelas medidas do peso (kg) e estatura (cm) corporal. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos, sendo um submetido ao teste submáximo de Bruce (G1-Bruce) e o outro ao teste máximo de Mader (G2-Mader), com registro e análise do ECG durante o esforço. Dezoito atletas apresentaram arritmias, sendo 8 (16,0%) do G1-Bruce e 10 (21,3%) do G2-Mader, dentre elas as extrassístoles ventriculares e as supraventriculares. Oito atletas conseguiram completar os testes, sendo que o restante teve que interromper o teste de esforço máximo por motivo de fadiga. Foram apresentadas particularidades nas derivações dos ECGs, tais como: aumento de onda Q, inversão de onda T, diminuição de onda R, infradesnivelamento do ponto J com ascensão rápida, bradicardia e taquicardia sinusal. Como conclusão, do total de atletas avaliados, 18,55% apresentaram arritmias ao longo do teste de esforço. Destes, 55,55% foram àqueles submetidos ao teste de Mader e 44,45% submetidos ao teste de Bruce, sendo que em ambos os grupos o maior percentual foi de extrassístole supraventricular.

Delirium, a common neurocognitive disorder among hospitalized older adults, depends on an interrelationship between precipitating and predisposing factors. Adequate prevention, detection, and management are directly related to knowledge of these factors. Due to a lack of education, delirium is underdiagnosed and the time taken to identify and react to the condition is suboptimal. Based on an open review of the literature, the main precipitating factors were compiled into the acronym DELIRIUM, in Portuguese. A second acronym MAIS(meaning ‘plus’) was compiled from important behaviors for preventing and treating delirium.Thus, the mnemonic device DELIRUM+ stands for: Discomfort, Electrolytes/metabolism, Locale/environment, Infections, urinary/fecal Retention; and acute clinical complIcations; Uremia; Medications + (Mobility, Assistant/companion, Interactions, and Sleep/psychotropic substances]. This mnemonic device can encourage teaching and care aimed at the prevention, detection, and management of delirium. Ideally, the clinical impact of this mnemonic device should be tested in research to validate its implementation.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar o estoque individual de biomassa e carbono fixado em Euterpe oleracea, por meio da análise de seus teores de carbono e da quantidade de biomassa seca. Foram analisadas 18 palmeiras, divididas nos compartimentos: fuste, parte comestível (palmito), raízes, folhagem e inflorescência (cachos e frutos). O material passou por secagem, pesagem, trituração e moagem, e pela determinação dos teores de carbono. A média dos teores de carbono fixo para os cachos e frutos foi 49,5%; raízes, 45,5%; folhagem, 42,8%; fuste, 41,2%, e parte comestível, 39,6%, com média ponderada de 43,1%. Apesar da pequena variação nos teores de carbono, houve diferenças estatísticas. A maior concentração de biomassa (50%) e carbono fixado encontra-se no fuste. A equação PCTotal = 2,22017 + 2,29353 × Dap + 0,0148155 × Dap2hf representa satisfatoriamente o comportamento do estoque de carbono em função do dap; para efeitos de quantificação de carbono, devem-se levar em consideração os diferentes teores de carbono para cada compartimento.

RESUMO A quantificação da biomassa e do carbono é importante para a avaliação do potencial de fixação em espécies florestais. Como se sabe, parte da biomassa corresponde ao carbono que pode ser convertido ao equivalente de CO2 para aplicação em projetos de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) e outros mercados de carbono. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os teores de carbono de cinco espécies florestais usadas em projetos de reflorestamento, nos seus cinco compartimentos da biomassa: raízes, madeira, casca, galhos e folhagem. A análise de variância entre os teores de carbono das espécies e dos compartimentos mostrou variação entre 39 e 49%, e indicou diferenças significativas entre os teores das espécies e dos compartimentos. Ficou comprovado que precisam ser tratados de forma específica os teores por espécies e por compartimentos quando da realização das estimativas para projetos.

The furrow-ridge system was designed to allow the cultivation of dryland crop species in lowlands, enabling rotation with rice. After harvesting the dryland species, farmers usually return with rice in the following cropping season, with costs associated with dismantling ridges before sowing rice. The possibility of sowing rice directly on residual ridges should be investigated to avoid these costs. The objective was to verify the ecophysiological adaptability of rice sown on residual ridges from the previous dryland crop in lowlands, and to identify possible factors impacting the physiological performance of rice plants in this new production system. The experiment was installed in the field in a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 12 replications. The treatments considered the plant’s position in the field and in the irrigation furrow. The parameters of the growth analysis were calculated using the classical method. There was no significant damage to rice plants in any part of the field, and there was no difference between plants at the top or bottom of the furrow. Therefore, there is no need to dismantle residual ridges from previous dryland crops before planting rice in the succeeding cropping season in the lowlands of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.

Alterações cardiovasculares podem ser geradas a partir do treinamento físico intenso e prolongado o que permitem ao coração do atleta desenvolver um alto desempenho físico. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi examinar os traçados eletrocardiográficos em jogadores profissionais de futebol masculino. Foram avaliados um total de 41 jogadores de futebol profissionais, com idades entre 17 e 35 anos. Para análise eletrocardiográfica, utilizou-se um ECG padrão de 12 derivações, na velocidade de 25 mm/s, realizado em repouso e sob esforço físico. Cada ECG foi interpretado quanto a frequência cardíaca, ritmo, condução e eixo, observando intervalos, amplitudes e comprimentos de ondas. Para a estatística descritiva foram utilizados os valores da média e desvio-padrão, e os valores absolutos e em percentuais, sendo que todas as análises foram realizadas no programa estatístico SPSS for Windows 20.0. Dos 63 jogadores avaliados, 42 (66,6%) apresentaram alguma alteração eletrocardiográfica, sendo que alguns apresentaram mais de uma alteração. Das alterações eletrocardiográficas destaca-se o aumento da onda Q, o infra desnível do ponto J com segmento ST ascendente rápido e arritmia.

Resumo Fundamento: Apesar da importância das mulheres na pesquisa clínica, não existe uma avaliação da fração de mulheres em posições de autoria nos periódicos de cardiologia da SBC. Objetivos: Avaliar a fração de mulheres autoras na International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences (IJCS) e nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (ABC Cardiol) nas últimas décadas. Métodos: Realizamos busca dos artigos originais dos ABC Cardiol, entre 2000 e 2019, e da IJCS, entre 2010 e 2019. Foi feito levantamento do número de primeiras e últimas autoras e do total de artigos originais de 2010 a 2019. Calculamos as proporções totais de autorias femininas e comparamos o primeiro quinquênio com o segundo. Para avaliar a evolução temporal das duas décadas, analisamos apenas dados dos ABC Cardiol. Utilizamos o teste Qui-quadrado para analisar as diferenças dentro de cada revista e entre ambas. O software IBM® SPSS® foi utilizado nas análises. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: De 2010 a 2019, foram publicados 1157 artigos originais nos ABC Cardiol e 398 na IJCS. Observamos que as mulheres têm maior predominância como primeiras autoras na IJCS em relação aos ABC Cardiol, mas os homens predominam como últimos autores em ambos. De 2010 a 2019, não houve modificação significativa na proporção de autorias femininas. Ao longo das décadas analisadas para os ABC Cardiol, houve projeção de crescimento linear de autorias femininas, sendo que a inclinação da reta é maior na projeção da primeira autoria que na autoria sênior. Conclusões: Há disparidade de gênero com menor representatividade feminina nas autorias dos artigos dos periódicos cardiológicos brasileiros analisados: Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia e International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. Acreditamos que a partir destes resultados mais esforços devam ser implementados em busca de equidade de gênero na produção científica cardiológica veiculada por estes periódicos.

Researchers on forest biomass seek to develop or find methods of simple application, whose estimators reveals the best performance and provide the additivity of the biomass parts. Tree biomass normally is obtained by scaling tree parts (stem, branches, and leaves) separately. When the biomass is modeled by parts of the tree, their sum does not match the total, which means lack of additivity in the tree biomass estimation. We aimed to test and propose a modeling technique for estimating total aboveground biomass, so that consistency between tree parts will be achieved. The techniques ‘ratio estimators’ and ‘weighted apparently unrelated nonlinear regressions (WNSUR)’ were tested using a biomass dataset with 387 trees. Data were collected in eight sites located in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where information was collected on diameter at 1.30 m aboveground (dbh), heights (total, stem and crown), total biomass aboveground and its parts: stem, branches and leaves. All trees were identified at species level. To adjust the ratio equations, the cylinder volume (vcl), based on the mean square diameter (dqi2), was used as the independent variable and the total aboveground biomass and the respective parts: stem, branches, and leaves, as dependent variables. The occurrence of heteroscedasticity in the ratio estimators indicated that the data should be stratified into two stages, the first by dbh and the second by the slope of the ratio between the total aboveground biomass and the vcl of each tree. To group the trees in the second stage, a posteriori, a discriminant analysis was applied. The standard errors of the estimate resulted in less than 4% for the ratio estimators, while for the WNSUR they reached values larger than 40% for the total biomass aboveground and its parts. The statistics: bias, MAE, MSE and RMSE showed better performance by ratio estimators when compared to the WNSUR, for the total biomass and its parts except for the bias towards the stem. Ratio estimators naturally provide additivity to biomass parts making it possible to improve the precisions of the estimates. In future work with forest biomass and its parts, more canopy variables should be collected to improve the stratification of trees within the diameter stratum. The total volume of the trees should also be estimated, if possible, via xylometry, to approximate the ratio coefficients of the total aboveground biomass, as much as possible, to the actual values of the specific gravity of the wood.

Urban forests provide direct and indirect benefits to human well-being that are increasingly captured in residential property values. Remote Sensing (RS) can be used to measure a wide range of forest and vegetation parameters that allows for a more detailed and better understanding of their specific influences on housing prices. Herein, through a systematic literature review approach, we reviewed 89 papers (from 2010 to 2022) from 21 different countries that used RS data to quantify vegetation indices, forest and tree parameters of urban forests and estimated their influence on residential property values. The main aim of this study was to understand and provide insights into how urban forests influence residential property values based on RS studies. Although more studies were conducted in developed (n = 55, 61.7%) than developing countries (n = 34, 38.3%), the results indicated for the most part that increasing tree canopy cover on property and neighborhood level, forest size, type, greenness, and proximity to urban forests increased housing prices. RS studies benefited from spatially explicit repetitive data that offer superior efficiency to quantify vegetation, forest, and tree parameters of urban forests over large areas and longer periods compared to studies that used field inventory data. Through this work, we identify and underscore that urban forest benefits outweigh management costs and have a mostly positive influence on housing prices. Thus, we encourage further discussions about prioritizing reforestation and conservation of urban forests during the urban planning of cities and suburbs, which could support UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and urban policy reforms.

Aim of study: This study evaluates the potential of the Google Earth Engine tool, supported by fine-scale information obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, to apply and characterize the dynamics of the successional stages of the Amazon Forest in the state of Rondônia over ten years. Area of study: The study was carried out in the state of Rondônia located in the North Region of Brazil (Western Amazon). Material and methods: The data and its by-products were derived from the Landsat Level 1 - TOA collection of the United States Geological Survey, specifically Landsat 5 and 8. The mapping also used Phantom 4 Pro UAV images. We used the supervised classifier Random Forest to map the primary forest/advanced regeneration, medium regeneration, initial regeneration, and classes, and, subsequently, we crossed and quantified the successional advance and vegetation loss. Main results: It was observed that the state lost forest area even with the successional advance that occurred throughout the period, implying that the forest succession was insufficient in the face of forest deforestation. Research highlights: This study contributed to understanding the dynamics of the Amazon Forest, which goes through a process of deforestation and forest regeneration simultaneously.

The use of remote sensing images obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems enables measuring the morphometry of the tree canopy to estimate the volume stock in the Amazon Forest. In this study, we used RGB images from a low-cost UAV to map tree species and extract volumetric stock estimates in an Amazonian Forest. Individual tree crowns (ITC) were outlined in the UAV images and identified to the species level using forest inventory data. The average diameter and crown area of the trees were measured to estimate the volume, basal area and DBH per diameter class for 260 ha of tropical forest. The RMSE volume adjustment for the separate field inventory dataset was 19.31% with an R2 of 0.967. The UAV system images has the potential to map tree species and estimate tree biometry in the Amazon Forest, providing valuable insights for forest management and conservation.

Pesquisas na área do desenvolvimento da regulação emocional sobre a infância e adolescência sugerem que a etiologia do fenômeno é multifatorial e que é necessário investigar aspectos contextuais relacionados. A coparentalidade é uma variável contextual que vem sendo associada a desfechos nos filhos, podendo ter relação com a regulação emocional. O objetivo desse estudo foi testar um modelo estrutural de relação direta e indireta entre desregulação emocional de mães e a percepção da regulação emocional de seus filhos adolescentes, avaliando o papel mediador da coparentalidade. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e explicativo realizado com 210 mães de adolescentes (M = 15,59, DP = 1,39 anos). Para isso foram utilizados o questionário sociodemográfico, o Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), o Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) e o Coparenting Inventory for Parents and Adolescents (CI-PA) com aplicação online. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, análise correlacional e modelagem de equações estruturais. O modelo interacional aponta para o efeito mediador parcial da coparentalidade nessa relação, bem como efeito indireto da desregulação das mães para a regulação emocional dos adolescentes. Os resultados ainda apontaram que a desregulação emocional das mães parece ter um impacto prejudicial na cooperação coparental. Esses resultados indicam importantes fatores a serem considerados no âmbito clínico nas intervenções com adolescentes e suas famílias.

Abstract Background Prone positioning improves survival in moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) unrelated to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This benefit is probably mediated by a decrease in alveolar collapse and hyperinflation and a more homogeneous distribution of lung aeration, with fewer harms from mechanical ventilation. In this preliminary physiological study we aimed to verify whether prone positioning causes analogue changes in lung aeration in COVID-19. A positive result would support prone positioning even in this other population. Methods Fifteen mechanically-ventilated patients with COVID-19 underwent a lung computed tomography in the supine and prone position with a constant positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) within three days of endotracheal intubation. Using quantitative analysis, we measured the volume of the non-aerated, poorly-aerated, well-aerated, and over-aerated compartments and the gas-to-tissue ratio of the ten vertical levels of the lung. In addition, we expressed the heterogeneity of lung aeration with the standardized median absolute deviation of the ten vertical gas-to-tissue ratios, with lower values indicating less heterogeneity. Results By the time of the study, PEEP was 12 (10–14) cmH2O and the PaO2:FiO2 107 (84–173) mmHg in the supine position. With prone positioning, the volume of the non-aerated compartment decreased by 82 (26–147) ml, of the poorly-aerated compartment increased by 82 (53–174) ml, of the normally-aerated compartment did not significantly change, and of the over-aerated compartment decreased by 28 (11–186) ml. In eight (53%) patients, the volume of the over-aerated compartment decreased more than the volume of the non-aerated compartment. The gas-to-tissue ratio of the ten vertical levels of the lung decreased by 0.34 (0.25–0.49) ml/g per level in the supine position and by 0.03 (− 0.11 to 0.14) ml/g in the prone position (p

Rising CO2 levels, as predicted by global climate models, are altering environmental factors such as the water cycle, leading to soil waterlogging and reduced oxygen availability for plant roots. These conditions result in decreased energy production, increased fermentative metabolism, impaired nutrient uptake, reduced nitrogen fixation, and altered leaf gas exchanges, ultimately reducing crop productivity. Co-inoculation techniques involving multiple plant growth-promoting bacteria or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have shown promise in enhancing plant resilience to stress by improving nutrient uptake, biomass production, and nitrogen fixation. This study aimed to investigate carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations in soybean plants co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Azospirillum brasilense, and Rhizophagus intraradices under waterlogged conditions in CO2-enriched environments. Plants were grown in pots in open-top chambers at ambient CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) and elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]). After reaching the V5 growth stage, the plants were subjected to waterlogging for seven days, followed by a four-day reoxygenation period. The results showed that plants' co-inoculation under e[CO2] mitigated the adverse effects of waterlogging. Notably, plants inoculated solely with B. elkanii under e[CO2] displayed results similar to co-inoculated plants under a[CO2], suggesting that co-inoculation effectively mitigates the waterlogging stress, with plant physiological traits comparable to those observed under elevated CO2 conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sources of uncertainty in wall-to-wall AGB maps propagate from the tree to pixel, but uncertainty due to forest cover mapping is rarely incorporated into the error propagation process. This study aimed to (1) elaborate an analytical procedure to incorporate forest-mapping-related uncertainty into the error propagation from plot and pixel predictions; (2) develop a stratified estimator with a model-assisted estimator for small and large areas; and (3) estimate the effect of ignoring the mapping uncertainty on the confidence intervals (CIs) for totals. Data consist of a subset of the Brazilian national forest inventory (NFI) database, comprising 75 counties that, once aggregated, served as strata for the stratified estimator. On-ground data were gathered from 152 clusters (plots) and remotely sensed data from Landsat-8 scenes. Four major contributions are highlighted. First, we describe how to incorporate forest-mapping-related uncertainty into the CIs of any forest attribute and spatial resolution. Second, stratified estimators perform better than non-stratified estimators for forest area estimation when the response variable is forest/non-forest. Comparing our stratified estimators, this study indicated greater precision for the stratified estimator than for the regression estimator. Third, using the ratio estimator, we found evidence that the simple field plot information provided by the NFI clusters is sufficient to estimate the proportion forest for large regions as accurately as remote-sensing-based methods, albeit with less precision. Fourth, ignoring forest-mapping-related uncertainty erroneously narrows the CI width as the estimate of proportion forest area decreases. At the small-area level, forest-mapping-related uncertainty led to CIs for total AGB as much as 63% wider in extreme cases. At the large-area level, the CI was 5–7% wider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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