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2. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., Toigo, V., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Serianni, G., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., La Rosa, A., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Mario, I., Martini, G., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzetto, D., Rizzolo, A., Santoro, F., Sartori, E., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Valisa, M., Veronese, F., Vignando, M., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Decamps, H., Geli, F., Sharma, A., Veltri, P., Zacks, J., Simon, M., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Gutierrez, D., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Labate, C., Readman, P., Bragulat, E., Bailly-Maitre, L., Gomez, G., Kouzmenko, G., Albajar, F., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Kojima, A., Murayama, M., Hatakeyama, S., Oshita, E., Maejima, T., Shibata, N., Yamashita, Y., Watanabe, K., Singh, N.P., Singh, M.J., Dhola, H., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., Longo, S., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Published
2023
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6. The new vessel complex for the RFX-mod2 experiment: An effective synergy between fusion research and technological development

Author

Peruzzo, S, Aprile, D, Dalla Palma, M, Pavei, M, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Anselmi, F, Battistin, F, Bernardi, A, Bernardi, M, Berton, G, Bettini, P, Bigi, M, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Canton, A, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Corniani, G, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Degli Agostini, F, Franchin, L, Franz, P, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Innocente, P, Laterza, B, Lotto, L, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Moresco, M, Novella, A, Piovan, R, Pomaro, N, Rossetto, F, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tiso, A, Trevisan, L, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Peruzzo S., Aprile D., Dalla Palma M., Pavei M., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Andreani R., Anselmi F., Battistin F., Bernardi A., Bernardi M., Berton G., Bettini P., Bigi M. A., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Canton A., Carraro L., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Corniani G., Dal Bello S., De Lorenzi A., De Masi G., Degli Agostini F., Franchin L., Franz P., Gambetta G., Gnesotto F., Grando L., Innocente P., Laterza B., Lotto L., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Marrelli L., Martines E., Moresco M., Novella A., Piovan R., Pomaro N., Rossetto F., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tiso A., Trevisan L., Valente M., Valisa M., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Peruzzo, S, Aprile, D, Dalla Palma, M, Pavei, M, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Anselmi, F, Battistin, F, Bernardi, A, Bernardi, M, Berton, G, Bettini, P, Bigi, M, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Canton, A, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Corniani, G, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Degli Agostini, F, Franchin, L, Franz, P, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Innocente, P, Laterza, B, Lotto, L, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Moresco, M, Novella, A, Piovan, R, Pomaro, N, Rossetto, F, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tiso, A, Trevisan, L, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Peruzzo S., Aprile D., Dalla Palma M., Pavei M., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Andreani R., Anselmi F., Battistin F., Bernardi A., Bernardi M., Berton G., Bettini P., Bigi M. A., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Canton A., Carraro L., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Corniani G., Dal Bello S., De Lorenzi A., De Masi G., Degli Agostini F., Franchin L., Franz P., Gambetta G., Gnesotto F., Grando L., Innocente P., Laterza B., Lotto L., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Marrelli L., Martines E., Moresco M., Novella A., Piovan R., Pomaro N., Rossetto F., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tiso A., Trevisan L., Valente M., Valisa M., Zaupa M., and Zuin M.

Published
2023

7. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., Panin F., Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters). Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accelerator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confir

Published
2023

8. SPIDER in the roadmap of the ITER neutral beams

Author

Serianni, G., Toigo, V., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferbel, L., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Baltador, C., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Bonicelli, T., Paolucci, F., Muriel, S., Masiello, A., Chakraborty, A., Patel, H., Singh, N.P., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Kashiwagi, M., and Tsumori, K.

Published
2019
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15. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

Toigo, V., Piovan, R., Dal Bello, S., Gaio, E., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Bigi, M., Chitarin, G., Marcuzzi, D., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Baltador, C., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Boldrin, M., Brombin, M., Dalla Palma, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Finotti, C., Fiorentin, A., Gambetta, G., Gnesotto, F., Grando, L., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Ocello, E., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Valente, M., Veltri, P., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zanotto, L., Zaupa, M., Boilson, D., Graceffa, J., Svensson, L., Schunke, B, Decamps, H., Urbani, M., Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M., Bonicelli, T., Agarici, G., Masiello, A., Paolucci, F., Simon, M., Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Mico, G., Moreno, J.-F., Pilard, V., Kashiwagi, M., Hanada, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maeshima, T., Kojima, A., Umeda, N., Yamanaka, H., Chakraborty, A., Baruah, U., Rotti, C., Patel, H., Nagaraju, M.V., Singh, N.P., Patel, A., Dhola, H., Raval, B., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Hanke, S., Hauer, V., Ochoa, S., Blatchford, P., Chuilon, B., Xue, Y., De Esch, H.P.L., Hemsworth, R., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Rebai, M., Muraro, A., Cavenago, M., D'Arienzo, M., and Sandri, S.

Published
2017
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19. Spatially resolved diagnostics for optimization of large ion beam sources

Author

Serianni, G., primary, Sartori, E., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Dalla Palma, M., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Mario, I., additional, Patton, T., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Pouradier-Duteil, B., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, and Pasqualotto, R., additional

Published
2022
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21. First operations with caesium of the negative ion source SPIDER

Author

Sartori, E., primary, Agostini, M., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Dan, M., additional, Duteil, B.P., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Grando, L., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Antoni, V., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavazzana, R., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Cristofaro, S., additional, Dalla Palma, M., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Jain, P., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, Mario, I., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Patton, T., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Toigo, V., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, and Serianni, G., additional

Published
2022
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22. Spatially resolved diagnostics for optimization of large ion beam sources

Author

Serianni, G., Sartori, E., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Barbisan, M., Brombin, M., Candeloro, V., Dalla Palma, M., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fadone, M., Mario, I., Patton, T., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Ugoletti, M., Veltri, P., Zaniol, B., Pasqualotto, R., Serianni, G., Sartori, E., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Barbisan, M., Brombin, M., Candeloro, V., Dalla Palma, M., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fadone, M., Mario, I., Patton, T., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Ugoletti, M., Veltri, P., Zaniol, B., and Pasqualotto, R.

Abstract

Giant negative ion sources for neutral beam injectors deliver huge negative ion currents, thanks to their multi-beamlet configuration. As the single-beamlet optics defines the transmission losses along the beamline, the extraction of a similar current for all beamlets is extremely desirable, in order to facilitate the beam source operation (i.e., around perveance match). This Review investigates the correlation between the vertical profile of beam intensity and the vertical profiles of plasma properties at the extraction region of the source, focusing on the influence of increasing cesium injection. Only by the combined use of all available source diagnostics, described in this Review, can beam features on the scale of the non-uniformities be investigated with a sufficient space resolution. At RF power of 50 kW/driver, with intermediate bias currents and a filter field of 2.4 mT, it is found that the central part of the four vertical beam segments exhibits comparable plasma density and beamlet currents; at the edges of the central segments, both the beam and electron density appear to decrease (probably maintaining fixed electron-to-ion ratio); at the bottom of the source, an increase of cesium injection can compensate for the vertical drifts that cause a much higher presence of electrons and a lower amount of negative ions.

Published
2022
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23. Metal release rate analyses in borated cooling water for DTT vacuum vessel

Author

Rizzieri R., Gasparrini C., Badocco D., Di Pace L., Terranova N., Pastore P., Montagner F., Mattarozzi L., Villari R., Martelli E., Roccella S., Scatigno G.G., Pedrazzini S., Dalla Palma M., and Sonato P.

Subjects
metal release rate analyses, borated cooling water, Divertor Tokamak Test Facility, Vacuum vessel, DTT
Published
2022

25. Design of embedded electrostatic sensors for the RFX-mod2 device

Author

Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Bernardi, M, Cavazzana, R, Peruzzo, S, Dalla Palma, M, De Masi, G, Grenfell, G, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Momo, B, Vianello, N, Zuin, M, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Bernardi M, Cavazzana R, Peruzzo S, Dalla Palma M, De Masi G, Grenfell G, Marconato N, Martines E, Momo B, Vianello N, Zuin M, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Bernardi, M, Cavazzana, R, Peruzzo, S, Dalla Palma, M, De Masi, G, Grenfell, G, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Momo, B, Vianello, N, Zuin, M, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Bernardi M, Cavazzana R, Peruzzo S, Dalla Palma M, De Masi G, Grenfell G, Marconato N, Martines E, Momo B, Vianello N, and Zuin M

Abstract

The RFX-mod experiment is currently undergoing a challenging upgrade of the machine assembly. One of the main purposes of RFX-mod2, the upgraded device, is the achievement of better performances by decreasing the tearing modes amplitude in Reversed-Field Pinch (RFP) configuration thanks to a higher plasma-shell proximity. Moreover, most of the innovations characterizing the device and its diagnostics are conceived with the aim of operating as both RFP and tokamak. These different configurations are taken into account in the electrostatic sensors design and layout. RFX-mod2 will be equipped with poloidal and toroidal arrays of electrostatic probes, measuring plasma density and temperature, plasma potential, particle and energy fluxes and floating potential fluctuations. Two toroidal arrays of 72 probes each (one on the high field side and one on the low field side), along with four poloidal arrays of 28 elements, are foreseen. Such a large amount of sensors is due to the requirement of a better characterization of the numerous instabilities observed in the RFP plasma edge, with the possibility to study the plasma shape in different tokamak configurations (circular, single null, double null). Three different kinds of Langmuir probe configurations will be installed: single probes, 5-pin balanced triple probes and ball-pen probes. The conceptual design of the sensors takes inspiration from the model successfully installed on RFX-mod, that allows the removal of tiles in case of damage, by means of a remote handling manipulator.

Published
2019

26. Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Grando L., Luchetta A., Marcuzzi D., Pasqualotto R., Pomaro N., Serianni G., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., Denizeau S., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Fiorentin A., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Moresco M., Ocello E., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Piovan R., Poggi C., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Rostagni G., Sartori E., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Chareyre J., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Schunke B., Svensson L., Urbani M., Bonicelli T., Agarici G., Garbuglia A., Masiello A., Paolucci F., Simon M., Bailly-Maitre L., Bragulat E., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Labate C., Mico G., Moreno J. F., Pilard V., Kouzmenko G., Rousseau A., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Umeda N., Sasaki S., Chakraborty A., Baruah U., Patel H., Singh N. P., Patel A., Dhola H., Raval B., Gupta V., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Cavenago M., Hanke S., Ochoa S., Blatchford P., Chuilon B., Xue Y., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., D'Arienzo M., Sandri S., Tonti A., Panin F., Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Grando L., Luchetta A., Marcuzzi D., Pasqualotto R., Pomaro N., Serianni G., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., Denizeau S., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Fiorentin A., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Moresco M., Ocello E., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Piovan R., Poggi C., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Rostagni G., Sartori E., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Chareyre J., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Schunke B., Svensson L., Urbani M., Bonicelli T., Agarici G., Garbuglia A., Masiello A., Paolucci F., Simon M., Bailly-Maitre L., Bragulat E., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Labate C., Mico G., Moreno J. F., Pilard V., Kouzmenko G., Rousseau A., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Umeda N., Sasaki S., Chakraborty A., Baruah U., Patel H., Singh N. P., Patel A., Dhola H., Raval B., Gupta V., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Cavenago M., Hanke S., Ochoa S., Blatchford P., Chuilon B., Xue Y., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., D'Arienzo M., Sandri S., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER. This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

Published
2019

27. The CNESM neutron imaging diagnostic for SPIDER beam source

Author

Croci, G, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Grosso, G, Pasqualotto, R, Cavenago, M, Cervaro, V, Dalla Palma, M, Feng, S, Fincato, M, Franchin, L, Giacomelli, L, Murtas, F, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Tollin, M, Gorini, G, Croci G., Muraro A., Perelli Cippo E., Grosso G., Pasqualotto R., Cavenago M., Cervaro V., Dalla Palma M., Feng S., Fincato M., Franchin L., Giacomelli L., Murtas F., Nocente M., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Tollin M., Gorini G., Croci, G, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Grosso, G, Pasqualotto, R, Cavenago, M, Cervaro, V, Dalla Palma, M, Feng, S, Fincato, M, Franchin, L, Giacomelli, L, Murtas, F, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Tollin, M, Gorini, G, Croci G., Muraro A., Perelli Cippo E., Grosso G., Pasqualotto R., Cavenago M., Cervaro V., Dalla Palma M., Feng S., Fincato M., Franchin L., Giacomelli L., Murtas F., Nocente M., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Tollin M., and Gorini G.

Abstract

The PRIMA project aims at the construction of two ITER-NBI facilities in Padova (Italy). The first one is called SPIDER which is negative H/D 100 keV RF source, while the second one (MITICA) will be a full scale 1 MeV deuterium beam injector as the one that will be used in ITER. In order to resolve the horizontal beam intensity profile in MITICA and one of the eight beamlets groups in SPIDER, the Close-contact Neutron Emission Surface Mapping (CNESM) system is being developed. The goal of this device is to reconstruct the D − beam evaluating the map of the neutron emission due to interaction of the deuterium beam with the deuterons implanted in the beam dump surface. For this reason, the CNESM diagnostic, which is based on nGEM detectors for fast neutrons, will be placed right behind the SPIDER and MITICA beam dump, i.e. in an UHV (Ultra High Vacuum) environment. Since the nGEM detectors need to operate at atmospheric pressure a vacuum sealed detector box has been designed to be installed inside the vacuum vessel and able to sustain atmospheric pressure inside. This paper describes the status of the CNESM diagnostic and underlines the different phases followed during the realization and installation of the diagnostic on the SPIDER beam dump as well as its imaging performances.

Published
2019

28. Directionality properties of the nGEM detector of the CNESM diagnostic system for SPIDER

Author

Muraro, A, Croci, G, Rebai, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Grosso, G, Cavenago, M, Claps, G, Dalla Palma, M, Fincato, M, Murtas, F, Mccormack, O, Pasqualotto, R, Pillon, M, Tardocchi, M, Tollin, M, Gorini, G, Muraro, A., Croci, G., Rebai, M., Perelli Cippo, E., Grosso, G., Cavenago, M., Claps, G., Dalla Palma, M., Fincato, M., Murtas, F., McCormack, O., Pasqualotto, R., Pillon, M., Tardocchi, M., Tollin, M., Gorini, G., Muraro, A, Croci, G, Rebai, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Grosso, G, Cavenago, M, Claps, G, Dalla Palma, M, Fincato, M, Murtas, F, Mccormack, O, Pasqualotto, R, Pillon, M, Tardocchi, M, Tollin, M, Gorini, G, Muraro, A., Croci, G., Rebai, M., Perelli Cippo, E., Grosso, G., Cavenago, M., Claps, G., Dalla Palma, M., Fincato, M., Murtas, F., McCormack, O., Pasqualotto, R., Pillon, M., Tardocchi, M., Tollin, M., and Gorini, G.

Abstract

The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating up to 1 MV a 40 A beam of negative deuterium ions for one hour. Such requirements have never been reached, so it was decided to build in Padova a facility (PRIMA) that hosts two experimental devices: SPIDER, a 100 kV negative H/D RF beam source, and MITICA, a full-scale injector for the ITER NBI. SPIDER has begun operation in 2018, while MITICA is expected to start after 2020. In both devices the accelerated deuterium beam impinges on an actively cooled beam dump used to stop the deuterons. Detection of fusion neutrons produced between beam–deuterons and dump-embedded deuterons will be used as a means to resolve the horizontal beam intensity profile. A neutron detection system called Close-contact Neutron Emission Surface Mapping (CNESM) is installed right behind the SPIDER beam dump, with the aim to provide the neutron emission map of the beam dump surface. The core of this diagnostic system is an nGEM (neutron-Gas Electron Multiplier) detector which will be able to reconstruct the fast neutron beam profile with an efficiency of about 10−4. A crucial point in order to correctly reconstruct the profile of the deposited D− power is the directionality discrimination capability of the detector. This paper reports on the results of the characterization of the nGEM directionality capabilities, performed at the Frascati Neutron Generator (FNG) using 2.5 MeV neutrons, before installation of the detector inside the SPIDER vacuum vessel.

Published
2019

31. Corrosion and metal release of Copper and Stainless Steel exposed to Ultrapure Water

Author

Cavallini C., Gasparrini C., Zaupa M., Agostinetti P., Dalla Palma M., Badocco D., Montagner F., Zin V., and Miorin E.

Subjects
MITICA, Vacuum Tight Threaded Junction, VTTJ, SPIDER
Abstract

The Vacuum Tight Threaded Junction (VTTJ) is an innovative vacuum-compatible non-welded junction developed and patented by Consorzio RFX. This technique was used to join non easily weldable materials, such as copper and stainless steel, to manufacture several in vacuum components for the two experiments of the Neutral Beam Test Facilities, i.e. SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER and MITICA experiments are actively cooled by Ultrapure Water (UPW) to electrically insulate in-vessel components that are polarised to high voltage levels. The most heated components, made of copper or copper alloy, are connected to stainless steel piping by means of VTTJ technique and cooled by UPW. VTTJ has been tested up to 500 bar internal pressure and up to 700°C showing excellent leak tightness in vacuum conditions and high mechanical strength. However, no investigations on the corrosion performance of these coupled metals in UPW exposed to high voltages have been carried out. VTTJ prototypes were sectioned and it was observed that not only this junction is exposed to a high water velocity (up to 7 m/s), it is also subjected to stagnant water regions. This paper presents first experimental results of stainless steel and copper samples exposed to stagnant Ultrapure water at ambient temperature to investigate their corrosion behaviour in the VTTJ. Trace metal analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the release of metals when stainless steel and copper are either exposed separately to UPW or when they are coupled together through the VTTJ in stagnant conditions.

Published
2021

32. Design and testing of ceramic breaks for the electrostatic residual ion dump of the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Zaupa M., Dalla Palma M., Tinti P., Zaccaria P., Graceffa J., Bragulat E., Lopez A., Micò Montava G., Sampedro Durà A., Arrillaga X., Azpiroz X., Carmona J.M., Iriarte M., and Jimenez Aguinaga C.

Subjects
ITER, neutral beam test facility, HNB, dump
Abstract

The operating principle of the ITER heating neutral beam injector ( is based on the acceleration and neutralisation of negative ions . The remaining charged particles after the neutralization process shall be removed by an e lectrostatic residual ion d ump (ERID) in which electrostatic fields are used to deflect the ions that are so dumped onto five water actively cooled p anels delimiting the four channels particle beam In order to realize the electrostatic field, three panels are grounded and the other two are polarised at a negative potential up to 25 kV The electric insulation on cooling pipes between polarised panels and ground is realized by ceramic breaks with 145 mm outer diameter and made of explosion bonded 316L tutanium grade 2 plates that are brazed to an alumina type IV tube ( titanium grade 2 side) and welded to cooling pipes (316L side)side). Alumina ha s excellen t thermal stability, oxidation and corrosion resistance . On the other hand, titanium grade 2 ha s good ductility besides the high strength and l imited mismatch of the c oefficient of thermal expansion with respect to alumina . Nevertheless, large residual str ess es are expected in the brazed joint due to the wide temperature range between solidus temperature (780 °C) of the brazing alloy ( Ticusil® and room temperature Different brazed joint configurations were analyses by means of finite element analysis (FE A)A), by modifying the geometry and the position of the braz ed joint . The involved materials were simulated by bi linear model s of the stress strain curve and with n on linear temperature dependence of thermal expansion coefficients Influence of a 50 µm thic k interlayer made of Ticusil® between alumina and titanium was also simulated in order to reduce the stresses Von Mises criterion was selected to evaluate the st r ess field in the metallic parts while Drucker Prager criterion was implemented to assess the strength of the alumina tube

Published
2021

33. Q4/2020 - Quarterly report of the activities (PRIMA/MITICA)

Author

Zaccaria P., Marcuzzi D., Valente M., Fellin F., Bigi M., Grando L., Ferro A., Boldrin M., and Dalla Palma M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Injector, MITICA, NBI, F4E-OFC, PRIMA
Abstract

Summary report of activities performed during Q4/2020 under Specific Order Contract F4E-OFC-1007-01-01.

Published
2021

34. Status of the upgrade of RFX-mod2

Author

Marrelli L., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini P., Aprile D., Auriemma F., Berton G., Bettini P., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Bolzonella T., Bonfiglio D., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Bustreo C., Candeloro V., Canton A., Cappello S., Carraro L., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Dalla Palma M., Dal Bello S., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., De Masi G., De Nardi M., Di Giannatale G., Fadone M., Escande D.F., Fassina A., Ferro A., Ferron N., Fiorucci D., Franz P., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Gobbin M., Grando L., Innocente P., Kryzhanovskyy A., Lorenzini R., Lunardon F., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Martines E., Martini G., Martini S., Milazzo R., Momo B., Paccagnella R., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pigatto L., Pomaro N., Predebon I., Piovan R., Puiatti M.E., Recchia M., Rigoni A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Sattin F., Scarin P., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Spagnolo S., Spinicci L., Spizzo G., Spolaore M., Terranova D., Tinti P., Valisa M., Verando M., Vianello N., Vivenzi N., Voltolina D., Zanca P., Zaniol B., Zanotto L., and Zuin M.

Subjects
RFX-mod2 upgrade, RFX-mod2
Abstract

The RFX-mod Reversed Field Pinch device passive boundary is being improved: - Drastic reduction of resistivity of first shell surrounding the plasma; - Reduction of plasma-stabilizing conductor distance from b/a=1.11 to b/a=1.04. The RFX-mod core upgrades consist of: - Removal of Inconel vacuum vessel; - Modification of the stainless steel Support Structure to ensure Vacuum Tightness (VTSS); - Modification of the copper Passive Stabilizing Shell (PSS); - Installation of upgraded sensors inside the vacuum vessel. Initial main points of investigation in the new device are discussed.

Published
2021

35. Technical Specifications for the procurement of ITER-like Thermocouples for the Beam Line Components of MITICA

Author

Tinti P. and Dalla Palma M.

Subjects
MITICA, Beam Line Components Thermocouples, Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, F4E-OFC
Abstract

This document is part of deliverable D2.1.1 of the Specific Contract F4E-OFC-531-03 - Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, Task Order No.3: MITICA diagnostics #3. It contains the technical specification for the procurement of ITER-like thermocouples to be installed on the MITICA Beam Line Components. Specification of non ITER-like thermocouples will be a different document for a separate procurement. These thermocouples will be delivered to the Beam Line Components supplier for installation.

Published
2021

36. Technical Specification for the procurement of non ITER-like Thermocouples for the Beam Line Components of MITICA

Author

Tinti P. and Dalla Palma M.

Subjects
MITICA, Beam Line Components, Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF, Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, F4E-OFC
Abstract

This document is part of deliverable D2.1.1 of the Specific Contract F4E-OFC-531-03 - Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, Task Order No.3: MITICA diagnostics #3. It contains the technical specification for the procurement of non ITER-like thermocouples (sensors with organic termination) to be installed on the MITICA Beam Line Components. Specification of ITER-like thermocouples (sensors with ceramic termination) will be a different document for a separate procurement. These thermocouples will be delivered as free issued items to the Beam Line Components supplier for their installation.

Published
2021

37. SPIDER, the negative ion source prototype for ITER: first operations with caesium

Author

Serianni G., Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Duteil B.P., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Cristofaro S., Croci G., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., and Toigo V.

Subjects
ITER, negative ion source prototype, caesium, SPIDER
Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control the plasma configuration in ITER, the next step in tokamak fusion research, two neutral beam injectors (NBIs) will supply 17MW each, by neutralizing accelerated negative hydrogen or deuterium ions. The requirements of ITER NBIs (40A/1MeV D- ions for

Published
2021

38. First Operations with Caesium of the Negative Ion Source SPIDER

Author

Sartori E., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Duteil B.P., Fadone M., Grando L., Maistrello A., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Candeloro V., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Cristofaro S., Dalla Palma M., Delogu R., De Muri M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro C., Gasparrini C., Jain P., Luchetta A., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Mario I., Milazzo R., Pasqualotto R., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Toigo V., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., and Serianni G.

Subjects
Caesium injection, Negative Ion Source, SPIDER
Abstract

The negative-ion beam source SPIDER, which is the full-scale prototype source for the ITER neutral beam injector, recently started the operation with caesium. This experimental phase follows three years of volume operation, devoted to the commissioning of the plants and to the integrated test of the ion source and accelerator. The ion source, composed of eight RF drivers connected to a large plasma chamber from which the negative ions are extracted, was operated up to a RF power of 400kW, and beam energy up to 50kV, and plasma discharges limited to less than one minute This contribution will describe the main results of the first campaign with caesium in SPIDER. The repetition of short plasma and beam extraction blips with different injection rates was applied, to study the effect on plasma and beam parameters. The caesiation procedure adopted in SPIDER will be described (caesium injection rate, duty cycle of plasma-on, RF power, source gas pressure) together with the effects of the source parameters on the extracted beam and its uniformity. Even though the use of a much reduced number of beamlets was a strong limitation in terms of total accelerated current (a mask at the plasma grid covered 1252 apertures over 1280 to limit the gas load to the vacuum pumps), it provided advantages in the study of the caesium effect on the beam, such as the introduction of dedicated diagnostics for the single beamlets, and the identification of the beamlet current and optics.

Published
2021

39. Water chemistry assessment in fusion cooling systems: borated water for the DTT vacuum vessel

Author

Gasparrini C., Terranova N., Di Pace L., Badocco D., Pastore P., Montegner F., Villari R., Martelli E., Roccella S., Scatigno G.G., Rizzieri R., Dalla Palma M., and Sonato P.

Subjects
fusion cooling systems, borated water, vacuum vessel, DTT
Abstract

The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility is an experimental fusion facility under design stage at ENEA Frascati, Italy dedicated to the optimisation of the divertor, a key component of thermonuclear fusion reactors exposed to extreme environments of temperature and irradiation. DTT is an actively cooled reactor that will exploit the alternation of ultrapure water and borated water in the Vacuum Vessel (VV). The use of borated water in fusion reactors, JT-60SA and DTT, using 95% 10B as H3BO3 at 40-80 °C has the primary function of shielding the superconducting coils by neutrons generated in the tokamak plasma during fusion reactions. The boric acid quantities needed in the DTT and JT-60SA fusion reactors are respectively 8000 ppm and 13400 ppm in B, which is well above the operational experience seen in any operating pressurized water reactor (PWR). Experimental work and modelling is undergoing to ensure best performance of the cooling circuit given the gap in knowledge between conventional PWRs water chemistry and the DTT VV set up. A first assessment for DTT VV water chemistry was performed using the chemistry module of an activated corrosion products (ACPs) assessment computer code. Water pH and SS316L alloying elements solubility were compared considering ultrapure water (UPW), borated water and borated water neutralised with LiOH. Stabilisation of 8000 ppm B with 30 ppm Li was considered a good option as pH=6-6.11 at 40-80 °C compared to a pH=4.17-4.23 without LiOH addition. Fe, Ni, Co, Cr and Mn solubility at 40-80 °C were 3 orders of magnitude larger in the borated water compared to the use of only UPW. The addition of 30 ppm Li is, however, beyond the safe margins currently established for PWRs. Slight improvement in terms of solubility was observed in the borated water scenario with the addition of 4 ppm Li compared to no addition of LiOH at 60 °C, so the use of additives is being reconsidered. Experiments to monitor water pH and metallic ions release in solution using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were also performed to confirm results obtained from the computer code.

Published
2021

40. Laser treatments and testing to increase the infrared emissivity of materials for first wall of nuclear fusion machines

Author

Dalla Palma M., Fadone M., Giudicotti L., Carraro C., and Napolitani E.

Subjects
nuclear fusion machines, Laser treatments, infrared emissivity
Abstract

Laser treatment s are performed to roughen the surfaces of plates of materials typically used for manufacturing the f irst wall and in vessel components of nuclear fusion machines. The laser treatment s reduce the optical reflectivity and increase the infrared (IR) emissivity of components to be observed with thermal imaging cameras Nanosecond (21 ns) p ulses of e xcimer la ser (248 nm wavelength) with 2 Hz frequency are filtered by a square mask ( 5 mm x 5 mm ) to form 50 spots on the surface. Each spot is imprinted by one or more, up to 16, superimposed pulses and each pulse carries an energy density within the range 100 1000 mJ/cm 2 The treatments are applied to plates made of pure copper, stainless steel, and molybdenum. Two strips of Molykote ® and M etal V elvet (TM) are applied as optical black coatings close to the laser treat ed spots to be observed with IR camera when heated u p to 600 °C Temperature measurements are performed in quasi steady state condition during cool down using thermocouples for cross calibration. Thermogram s of Molykote® and Metal Velvet(TM) strips (black body) are compared with those of the laser treated spot s in order to calculate the IR emissivity corresponding to each laser treatment and then to determine the most effective treatment with repeatable 0.8 hemispherical emissivity. Surface morphology and material continuity are examined (SEM) together with che mical composition and crystalline configuration (TEM). Optical and chemical analyses of the treated metal s are presented and discussed thus showing l aser surface treatment is a promisin g method for temperature measurement through thermal imaging cameras.

Published
2021

41. Improved Conceptual Design of the Beamline for the DTT Neutral Beam Injector

Author

Agostinetti, P, Benedetti, E, Bonifetto, R, Bonesso, M, Cavenago, M, Dal Bello, S, Dalla Palma, M, D’Ambrosio, D, Dima, R, Favero, G, Ferro, A, Fincato, M, Giorgetti, F, Grando, L, Granucci, G, Lombroni, R, Marconato, N, Marsilio, R, Murari, A, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Pepato, A, Pilan, N, Raffaelli, F, Recchia, M, Ripani, M, Romano, A, Sartori, E, Tinti, P, Valente, M, Variale, V, Ventura, G, Veronese, F, Zanino, R, Zavarise, G, and Rebesan, P

Subjects
Neutral Beam Injector, Beamlines, DTT
Abstract

The main purpose of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) is to study alternative solutions to mitigate the issue of power exhaust under integrated physics and technical conditions relevant for ITER and DEMO. In this framework, the conceptual design of the beamline for the DTT Neutral Beam Heating system is here summarized, with a particular focus on the technical solutions adopted to fulfill the requirements and maximize beamline performances. The proposed system features a beamline providing deuterium neutrals (D0) with an energy of 510 keV and an injected power of 10 MW. Various design options were considered, and a comprehensive set of simulations was carried out using several physics and engineering codes to drive the choice of the most suitable design options and optimize them, aiming at finding a good compromise among different design requirements. These simulations mainly regard the efficiency of the main processes, the optics of the beam, the physics reactions along the beamline (stripping, charge-exchange and ionization), the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the acceleration grids and the coupling between the beam and the plasma in the tokamak chamber. This paper describes the design of the main components of the injector for the DTT NBI system, i.e. ion source, accelerator, beam line components and vacuum vessel, explaining the motivations for the main design choices.

Published
2021

42. Q2/2021 Quarterly report of the activities F4E-OFC

Author

Zaccaria P., Marcuzzi D., Valente M., Manfrin S., Fellin F., Bigi M., Grando L., Ferro A., Boldrin M., and Dalla Palma M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Injector, NBI, PRIMA, F4E-OFC
Abstract

Summary report of activities performed during Q2/2021 and plan of activities in Q3/2021 under Specific Order Contract F4E-OFC-1007-01-01.

Published
2021

43. Evaluation of the manufacturing design proposed by the supplier of MITICA beamline components for mounting bars of ERID panels

Author

Dalla Palma M., Tinti P., and Zaupa M.

Subjects
MITICA, F4E-RFX, Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF, F4E-OFC, ERID panels
Abstract

This document deals with the collection and evaluation of analysis outcomes to consider the manufacturing design proposed by AVS-Tecnalia, the supplier of MITICA beamline components, for the realisation of the mounting bars supporting the ERID beam stopping elements. Then, the acceptance of the manufacturing design proposal is discussed together with the implications expected for the operations of MITICA in the ITER neutral beam test facility, in particular concerning possible breakdowns between electrically polarised surfaces.

Published
2021

44. Design and manufacturing of fiber optic sensors for the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Dalla Palma M., Pasqualotto R., and Sartori E.

Subjects
fiber optic sensors, ITER, neutral beam test facility
Abstract

In the ITER neutral beam test facility, a 40 MW precursor D --/H beam will be produced neutralised and filtered along the beamline . A 18 MW D 0 /H 0 beam will be dumped onto a calorimeter corresponding to a 16.5 MW neutral beam to be injected into the ITER plasma. Heat fluxes up to 20 MW/m 2 will be exhausted through water cooled channels operating up to 1 h continuously in subcooled boiling. During beam operation, the high heat flux components along the beamline will be monitor ed using embedded thermo mechanical sensors : 642 thermocouples and 105 fiber optic sensors that includes temperature sensors, strain gauges, and accelerometers to detect implosion of vapour bubbles in the subcooled water bulk after boiling nucleation at the cooling channel inner wall. Positions of sensors have been determined through simulations of component particle beam interaction. Signals of these sensors will be processed for component protection against critical conditions, for performance monitoring through calorimetry, and for retrieving parameters of the particle beam. The fiber Bragg grating technology has been identified to manufacture temperature sensors with high dielectric strength to be installed on panels polarised up to 25 kV to electrostatically deflect the residual ions emerging from the neutralisation process. Moreover, fiber optics are compatible with strong magnetic fields produced in ITER for plasma confinement. Materials of sensors, including the optic fiber, present r adiation hardness consistent with high neutron and gamma fluxes produced from fusion reactions. The optic f iber is polyimide coated, compatible with 300 °C continuous service temperature , and inserted into a protective braided sleeve made of continuous filament fiberg lass preliminarily heat cleaned. F iber optic sensors and patch cords have been designed to be c ompatible with the vacuum environment limiting the outgassing of species contaminating the in vessel experimental environment and avoiding virtual leakages. Sensor mounting s h ave been designed considering stiffness, thermal contact, and vibration resonant frequenc y . The expected total exposure time to the environment conditions is 2780 h. Each sensor is supplied with its own calibration curve The fiber connectivity though FC/APC connectors and fusion splices has been studied and implemented considering the interrogation optical budget and the m ultiple and reliable disconnections required for installation and maintenance of in vessel components. A 8 channel configuration in the 160 nm wavelength range have been realised.

Published
2021

45. SPIDER, the Negative Ion Source Prototype for ITER: Overview of Operations and Cesium Injection

Author

Serianni, G., Sartori, E., Agnello, R., Agostini, M., Barbisan, M., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Brombin, M., Candeloro, V., Casagrande, R., Dal Bello, S., Dan, M., Duteil, B. P., Fadone, M., Grando, L., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Mario, I., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Rizzolo, A., Shepherd, A., Ugoletti, M., Veltri, P., Zaniol, B., Agostinetti, P., Aprile, D., Berton, G., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cavenago, M., Chitarin, G., Cristofaro, S., Croci, G., Cruz, N., Dalla Palma, M., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Luchetta, A., Lunardon, F., Manduchi, G., Marconato, N., Marcuzzi, D., McCormack, O., Milazzo, R., Muraro, A., Patton, T., Pilan, N., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Santoro, F., Segalini, B., Siragusa, M., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zanotto, L., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., and Toigo, V.

Abstract

An overview of the recent operations and the main results of cesium injection in the Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma (SPIDER) negative ion source are described in this contribution. In experiments without cesium injection, all SPIDER plants were tested to verify the basic expectations on the operational parameters (e.g., electron cooling effectiveness of magnetic filter field) and to determine its operational region. For beam properties, it was shown that the current density varies across the beam in the vertical direction. In preliminary cesium experiments, the expected increase of negative ion current and simultaneous decrease of co-extracted electrons were found, along with the influence of the control parameters (polarization of the plasma electrodes, magnetic filter field) on the SPIDER beam uniformity in the horizontal and vertical directions. It was shown that non-Gaussian tails can be identified in the angular distribution on the plane perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. Stray particles, nonhomogeneous beam and large divergence might result in unexpected heat and particle loads over ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) accelerator grids; it is the goal of SPIDER to assess and possibly to identify suitable methods for controlling these beam features. A major shutdown, planned for late 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out scheduled modifications, is outlined. Such improvements are expected to allow SPIDER to pursue the ITER requirements in terms of negative ion current, electron-to-ion ratio, and beam duration.

Published
2023
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46. Q1/2020 Quarterly report of the activities

Author

Zaccaria P., Marcuzzi D., Valente M., Fellin F., Bigi M., Grando L., Ferro A., Boldrin M., and Dalla Palma M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF, F4E-OFC, PRIMA
Abstract

Summary report of activities performed during Q1/2020 under Specific Order Contract F4E-OFC-1007-01-01.

Published
2020

47. Functional Technical Specification for procurement of a Drying System for SPIDER Beam Source

Author

Fellin F., Zaccaria P., Dalla Palma M., Zaupa M., and Tinti P.

Subjects
SPIDER Beam Source, F4E-RFX, ITER, Neutral Beam Test Facility, Drying System, PRIMA, NBTF, SPIDER, PRIMA Cooling Plant, RFX
Abstract

This document describes the functional technical specification for the procurement of a portable equipment to dry the hydraulic circuits and components of SPIDER Beam Source as needed for major maintenance and upgrade activities. To be noted that this is a functional technical specification, so the Bidder can adopt or modify the proposed conceptual schemes according to its knowledge and experience. The Supplier shall develop and submit for approval a manufacturing design of the system that fulfils all the functional and specific requirements that are specified in this document. This document is the base for the preparation of procurement order in 2020. If necessary further requirements and requests will be added before issuing the call for tender. Some information highlighted in the text and some data in Tables are to be further verified with specific controls on-site inside the SPIDER Neutron Shield. These verifications are planned during the next short duration SPIDER shutdowns. After verifications an updated version of this document will be issued.

Published
2020

48. Updated Design of MITICA diagnostics

Author

Pasqualotto R., Brombin M., Dalla Palma M., Sartori E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., and Zaniol B.

Subjects
MITICA, MITICA Diagnostics, Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF, F4E RFX
Abstract

This document represents deliverable T4.9/P1.2 of the NBTF Workprogramme 2019. The document describes the progress in the design of MITICA diagnostics, in particular electrostatic and thermo-mechanical sensorsto be installed in the MITICA beam line components, also as a reference document for future procurement contracts.Results of tests on electrostatic sensor prototypes are also presented.

Published
2020

49. Technical specification for the procurement of MITICA fiber optic instrumentation

Author

Dalla Palma M.

Subjects
MITICA, F4E-RFX, MITICA Diagnostics, Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF, Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, F4E-OFC
Abstract

This Technical Specification concerns the supply of the fiber optic instrumentation for the beamline components of MITICA, a facility under procurement with technical and management support of Consorzio RFX. Based on this Technical Specification, the Supplier shall manufacture or procure the instrumentation items, carry out tests, and deliver the supply at Consorzio RFX.

Published
2020

50. Final report of prototype probes for MITICA

Author

Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Brombin M., Dalla Palma M., Franchin L., Pezzuto G., Sartori E., and Visentin M.

Subjects
SPIDER Diagnostics, MITICA Diagnostics, Neutral Beam Test Facility, MITICA prototype probes, NBTF, F4E-OFC
Abstract

This document represents deliverable D2.2.3 of the Specific Contract F4E-OFC-531-02 - Neutral Beam Test Facility Diagnostics, Task Order No.2: SPIDER Diagnostics #2 and MITICA Diagnostics #1. The final design and as built drawings of the electrostatic probe prototypes for MITICA beamline componentsare reported, together with documentation of the manufacturing phase and the verifications and tests meant to qualify and finalize the design before series production.

Published
2020

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